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Regulation of Access to Oil Pipelines 777
REGULATION OF ACCESS TO OIL PIPELINES 777 THE NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD: REGULATION OF ACCESS TO OIL PIPELINES JENNIFER HOCKING* In the past few years, a number of long-distance oil pipelines have been proposed in Canada — Northern Gateway, the Trans Mountain Expansion, Keystone, and the Energy East Project. This article describes the criteria used by the National Energy Board in approving the allocation of capacity in oil pipelines to firm service contracts while requiring that a reasonable percentage of capacity is allocated for uncommitted volumes (common carriage). It explains the economic theory related to regulation of access to major oil pipelines. It reviews and analyzes relevant NEB decisions, which show that the NEB supports well- functioning competitive markets, but will exercise its discretion to resolve complaints where markets are not functioning properly. The article also explains the economic significance of the proposed long-distance oil pipelines to Canada and Alberta despite the current low price of crude oil. The article concludes with recommendations for a written NEB policy regarding access to capacity in oil pipelines. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. SIGNIFICANCE OF PROPOSED OIL PIPELINES TO THE CANADIAN ECONOMY ................................. 778 A. PIPELINES NEEDED DESPITE LOW PRICE OF OIL ............... 780 B. SHIPPING OF OIL BY RAIL ................................ 781 II. OIL PIPELINES AS COMMON CARRIERS ........................... 781 A. THE NATURE OF COMMON CARRIERS ....................... 781 B. COMMON CARRIAGE OBLIGATION SUBJECT TO REASONABLENESS TEST ............................... 783 C. WHY WERE OIL PIPELINES ORIGINALLY DESIGNATED AS COMMON CARRIERS? ................................. 784 III. MAJOR LONG-DISTANCE OIL PIPELINES TODAY ................... 785 A. ENBRIDGE PIPELINES .................................... 786 B. TRANS MOUNTAIN PIPELINE .............................. 787 C. SPECTRA ENERGY EXPRESS-PLATTE ....................... -
ABOUT PIPELINES OUR ENERGY CONNECTIONS the Facts About Pipelines
ABOUT PIPELINES OUR ENERGY CONNECTIONS THE facts ABOUT PIPELINES This fact book is designed to provide easy access to information about the transmission pipeline industry in Canada. The facts are developed using CEPA member data or sourced from third parties. For more information about pipelines visit aboutpipelines.com. An electronic version of this fact book is available at aboutpipelines.com, and printed copies can be obtained by contacting [email protected]. The Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA) CEPA’s members represents Canada’s transmission pipeline companies transport around who operate more than 115,000 kilometres of 97 per cent of pipeline in Canada. CEPA’s mission is to enhance Canada’s daily the operating excellence, business environment and natural gas and recognized responsibility of the Canadian energy transmission pipeline industry through leadership and onshore crude credible engagement between member companies, oil production. governments, the public and stakeholders. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Canada’s Pipeline Network .................................1 2. Pipeline Design and Standards .........................6 3. Safety and the Environment ..............................7 4. The Regulatory Landscape ...............................11 5. Fuelling Strong Economic ................................13 and Community Growth 6. The Future of Canada’s Pipelines ................13 Unless otherwise indicated, all photos used in this fact book are courtesy of CEPA member companies. CANADA’S PIPELINE % of the energy used for NETWORK transportation in Canada comes 94 from petroleum products. The Importance of • More than half the homes in Canada are Canada’s Pipelines heated by furnaces that burn natural gas. • Many pharmaceuticals, chemicals, oils, Oil and gas products are an important part lubricants and plastics incorporate of our daily lives. -
OIL PIPELINE SAFETY FAILURES in CANADA Oil Pipeline Incidents, Accidents and Spills and the Ongoing Failure to Protect the Public
OIL PIPELINE SAFETY FAILURES IN CANADA Oil pipeline incidents, accidents and spills and the ongoing failure to protect the public June 2018 OIL PIPELINE SAFETY FAILURES IN CANADA | Équiterre 2 Équiterre 50 Ste-Catherine Street West, suite 340 Montreal, Quebec H2X 3V4 75 Albert Street, suite 305 Ottawa, ON K1P 5E7 © 2018 Équiterre By Shelley Kath, for Équiterre OIL PIPELINE SAFETY FAILURES IN CANADA | Équiterre 3 TABLE DES MATIÈRES Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................................... 4 A. Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 6 B. Keeping Track of Pipeline Problems: The Agencies and Datasets ..................................................................10 C. Québec’s Four Oil Pipelines and their Track Records .........................................................................................15 D. Pipeline Safety Enforcement Tools and the Effectiveness Gap .......................................................................31 E. Conclusion and Recommendations .........................................................................................................................35 Appendix A .........................................................................................................................................................................37 OIL PIPELINE -
Economic Impacts from Operation of Canada's Energy Transmission
Economic Impacts from Operation of Canada’s Energy Transmission Pipelines A Special Report Prepared for the Canadian Energy Pipeline Association By Angevine Economic Consulting Ltd. April 2016 The Economic Impacts from Operation of Canada’s Energy Transmission Pipelines | April 2016 Economic Impacts from Operation of Canada’s Energy Transmission Pipelines Table of Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 Results of I-O Model Simulations A. Impacts from operation of crude oil, natural gas liquids and refined petroleum products transmission pipelines ................................................................................. 1 B. Impacts from operation of natural gas transmission pipelines ................................... 4 C. Impacts from operation of all transmission pipelines………………………………….. 6 D. Impacts of two proposed pipelines ……………………………………………...............7 E. Impact summary……………………………………………………………………….….10 Detailed Methodology…………………………………………………………………….…11 Energy Pipelines Included in the Analysis……………………………………………...12 The Economic Impacts from Operation of Canada’s Energy Transmission Pipelines | April 2016 Introduction This report summarizes key findings obtained from using the current (2010) version of the Statistics Canada Interregional Input/Output (I-O) Model to estimate the economic impacts from operation of the energy transmission pipelines currently operating in Canada as well as from two proposed but not yet approved -
The Case of the Canadian Province of Alberta's Oil Sands
Project Document A sub-national public-private strategic alliance for innovation and export development: the case of the Canadian province of Alberta’s oil sands Annette Hester Leah Lawrence Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) This background document was prepared by Annette Hester and Leah Lawrence, Consultants of the Division of International Trade and Integration, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), within the activities of the study “Public-private alliances for innovation and export upgrading“, coordinated by Robert Devlin and Graciela Moguillansky with the financial support of SEGIB, through the project “Alianzas público-privadas para la Innovación y el Desarrollo Exportador: Casos Exitosos Extraregionales y la Experiencia Latinoamericana”. Some of their preliminary findings were formerly presented at ECLAC, in Structural Change and Productivity Growth 20 Years later: Old Problems, New Opportunities, (LC/G.2367 (SES.32/3)), Santiago de Chile, 2008, chapter VI, pages 231 to 299.. The paper benefited from the support and comments of Inés Bustillo, Clement Bowman, and Eddy Isaacs, as well as the research assistance of Timmy Stuparyk and Michael Bagan. Annette Hester and Leah Lawrence are Calgary-based economists and writers. Ms. Hester is a research fellow with the Centre for International Governance Innovation in Waterloo, Canada and a Senior Associate with the Centre for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, DC. The views expressed in this document, which has been reproduced without formal editing, are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Organization. LC/W.292 Copyright © United Nations, April 2010. All rights reserved Printed in Santiago, Chile – United Nations ECLAC – Project Documents collection A sub-national public-private strategic alliance for innovation and export… Contents Abstract…………………….............................................................................................................. -
Safety and Security of Energy Pipelines in Canada: a Report to Ministers
Safety and Security of Energy Pipelines in Canada: A Report to Ministers Energy and Mines Ministers’ Conference Sudbury, Ontario August 2014 Safety and Security of Energy Pipelines in Canada: A Report to Ministers Energy and Mines Ministers’ Conference Sudbury, Ontario August 2014 Aussi disponible en français sous le titre: La sûreté et la sécurité des pipelines au Canada : rapport aux ministres ISBN 978-1-100-24528-7 (Online) Cat No. M134-34/2014E-PDF Safety and Security of Energy Pipelines in Canada: A Report to Ministers Table of Contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................... 1 Context and Methodology ......................................................................................... 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 4 Survey Results and Analysis ....................................................................................... 6 I) Prevention .........................................................................................................................................................7 Safety Culture and Standards ............................................................................................................................7 Maintenance, Testing, Inspections and Audits .................................................................................................9 Spill Data ...........................................................................................................................................................9 -
The Northern Gateway and Keystone XL Pipelines: a Framework for Analyzing Interjurisdictional Pipeline Disputes
University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies Master of Public Policy Capstone Projects 2013-09 The Northern Gateway and Keystone XL Pipelines: A Framework for Analyzing Interjurisdictional Pipeline Disputes Mirkovic, Natasha Mirkovic, Natasha. (2013). The Northern Gateway and Keystone XL Pipelines: A Framework for Analyzing Interjurisdictional Pipeline Disputes ( Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/51621 report Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca MASTER OF PUBLIC POLICY CAPSTONE PROJECT The Northern Gateway and Keystone XL Pipelines: A Framework for Analyzing Interjurisdictional Pipeline Disputes Submitted by: Natasha Mirkovic Approved by Supervisor: Dr. Jack Mintz Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of PPOL 623 and completion of the requirements for the Master of Public Policy degree Capstone Executive Summary The purpose of this capstone report is to establish a framework for analyzing interjurisdictional pipeline disputes. This is an important issue to examine because pipeline transportation has become of key importance in the oil and gas industry, given its cost-effectiveness and ability to reach difficult to access, unconventional sources of oil. However, when pipelines cross multiple jurisdictions disputes may arise, and these disputes may be of an economic, legal or political nature. This report sets up the framework by using the Northern Gateway pipeline and Keystone XL pipeline disputes as examples. The economic importance of both projects is discussed, followed by discussion on how feasible it is to substitute the pipeline projects with alternative means of transportation. It becomes evident that the economics of pipelines boils down to netbacks, which is essentially revenue going to producers minus all costs associated with getting a barrel of oil to market. -
Keystone XL Pipeline: Overview and Recent Developments
Keystone XL Pipeline: Overview and Recent Developments Updated April 1, 2015 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43787 Keystone XL Pipeline: Overview and Recent Developments Summary TransCanada’s proposed Keystone XL Pipeline would transport oil sands crude from Canada and shale oil produced in North Dakota and Montana to a market hub in Nebraska for further delivery to Gulf Coast refineries. The pipeline would consist of 875 miles of 36-inch pipe with the capacity to transport 830,000 barrels per day. Because it would cross the Canadian-U.S. border, Keystone XL requires a Presidential Permit from the State Department based on a determination that the pipeline would “serve the national interest.” To make its national interest determination (NID), the department considers potential effects on energy security; environmental and cultural resources; the economy; foreign policy, and other factors. Effects on environmental and cultural resources are determined by preparing an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). The NID process also provides for public comment and requires the State Department to consult with specific federal agencies. TransCanada originally applied for a Presidential Permit for the Keystone XL Pipeline in 2008. Since then various issues have affected the completion of both the NEPA and NID processes for the project. In particular, during the NID process for the 2008 application, concerns over environmental impacts in the Sand Hills of Nebraska led the state to enact new requirements that would change the pipeline route. Facing a 60-day decision deadline imposed by Congress, the State Department denied the 2008 permit application on the grounds that it lacked information about the new Nebraska route. -
'Much More Gets Accomplished When Hyper-Partisanship Is Taken out of Politics': Mps, Experts, Politicos Weigh in on Leadersh
System racism in Canada’s security and intelligence community is a persistent threat, says former CSIS intelligence officer p. 14 Michael Harris p.11 Hill Climbers p.23 THIRTY-SECOND YEAR, NO. 1770 CANADA’S POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT NEWSPAPER MONDAY, OCTOBER 12, 2020 $5.00 News New Green Leader Paul says she’s been invited to run in ridings ‘across the country,’ as she sets sights on Toronto Centre byelection BY ABBAS RANA week when she was elected as the sociations across the country to run In an interview with The Hill would run in a different riding if first Black person to lead a major as their candidate if she is unsuc- Times, Ms. Paul said she was opti- she doesn’t win Toronto Centre. ew Green Party Leader Anna- political party, says she has received cessful in her bid to win the Toronto mistic she would win the Toronto Nmie Paul, who made history last invitations from Green riding as- Centre byelection on Oct. 26. Centre riding. She also said she Continued on page 6 News News Conservative Fund says ‘Much more gets accomplished it can’t keep O’Toole’s when hyper-partisanship is taken promise to return election out of politics’: MPs, experts, rebates to riding associations politicos weigh in on leadership because of a possible fall or during global pandemic spring election ‘This is exactly the time that BY ABBAS RANA you need to have confidence onservative Leader Erin that your political leadership CO’Toole won’t be able to keep is going to be making those his leadership campaign prom- ise to return candidates’ election types of decisions with one rebates the party received in 2019 thing in mind, and that is back to the riding associations, Publications Mail Agreement #40068926 the chair of the Conservative what is best needed to save Fund told associations across the country, because of the possibility the lives of people,’ said of a fall or spring election. -
Issue Brief 1: Developments in Crude Oil Extraction and Movement
Issue Brief 1 02/20/2015 Developments in Crude Oil Extraction and Movement Overview This paper examines crude oil extraction in North America and the transportation of extracted products within and through the Great Lakes basin to refineries in the United States, Canada and overseas. In the binational Great Lakes region, states, provinces and tribal governments experience both benefits and risks from crude oil transportation, in particular in light of the recent growth in oil extraction in North America. The benefits and risks vary depending on a variety of factors, such as the type and amount of oil transported, refinery location and the mode of transportation used to get the oil to its destination. Various modes of transportation are used to move crude oil: pipeline, train, barge/tanker vessel and truck. The majority of crude oil transported in the Great Lakes basin travels by pipeline or train. Most of that oil is brought in from other locations, some of it for refining within the region, some of it en route to refineries on the east coast or along the Gulf of Mexico. Crude oil extraction does take place in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River region, but the quantities produced and transported are minimal compared to the quantities brought in from the Alberta oil sands and the Bakken shale formation. Vastly increased production from the latter two sources has led to an important increase in oil transportation through the basin. Description of U.S. and Canada Crude Oil Oil Sands Crude Oil Oil sands (also called tar sands) crude oil is considered an unconventional type of hydrocarbon and is found in two main reserves in the world, one in Venezuela and one in Canada. -
Evaluation of Emergency Response Protocols for Crude Oil Transportation: Pipeline Vs Rail
University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies Master of Public Policy Capstone Projects 2015-09 Evaluation of Emergency Response Protocols for Crude Oil Transportation: Pipeline vs Rail Bhura, Alisha Bhura, Alisha. (2015). Evaluation of Emergency Response Protocols for Crude Oil Transportation: Pipeline vs Rail ( Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/51657 report Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca Master of Public Policy Capstone Project Evaluation of Emergency Response Protocols for Crude Oil Transportation: Pipeline vs. Rail Submitted by: Alisha Bhura Approved by Supervisor: Dr. Bev Dahlby, September 15, 2015 Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of PPOL 623 and completion of the requirements for the Master of public Policy degree Acknowledgements Completion of this capstone project would not have been possible without a number of individuals. I would like to thank Dr. Bev Dahlby for his advice and guidance, Laura Fitterer for her constant support and Dan McFayden for his direction and experience. Executive Summary This capstone project reviews and evaluates the emergency response protocols for crude oil transportation via pipeline and rail. The growth of the Canada’s oil sands and the use of hydraulic fracturing are providing access to what were previously thought to be uneconomic oil and gas deposits. This coupled with our growing use of crude oil is changing the energy landscape in North America. To accommodate this changing environment, increased transportation of crude oil is necessary. The increase in energy production and transport has had a parallel increase in public awareness of energy and dangerous goods transport. -
National Energy Board Report
Summary of Recommendation Canadian public interest The National Energy Board (NEB or Board) finds that the Trans Mountain Expansion Project (Project) is in Canada’s public interest, and recommends the Governor in Council (GIC) approve the Project and direct the Board to issue the necessary Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity (CPCN) and amended CPCNs. Should the GIC approve the Project, the associated regulatory instruments (Instruments) issued by the Board would come into effect. Should the GIC approve the Project, the Board considers it necessary that the CPCNs and Instruments be subject to 157 conditions.2 These conditions would address issues such as safety, protection of the environment and other considerations that are identified throughout this NEB Report. To set the context for its recommendation, the overarching consideration for the Board’s public interest determination was: can this Project be constructed, operated and maintained in a safe manner. The Board found the Project would meet this threshold. While this initial consideration was fundamental to the Board’s determination, a finding that a pipeline can be constructed, operated and maintained in a safe manner does not mean it is necessarily in the public interest - there are other considerations that the Board must weigh in coming to its public interest determination, as discussed below. However, the analysis would go no further if this fundamental question were to be answered in the negative; an unsafe pipeline can never be in the public interest. If constructed, the Project would approximately triple the capacity of the Trans Mountain Pipeline system in Western Canada. Together, the current and expanded pipeline would ship oil from Edmonton, Alberta, to Burnaby, British Columbia.