An Updated Classification of Magnoliaceae by H
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Neighborwoods Right Plant, Right Place Plant Selection Guide
“Right Plant, Right Place” Plant Selection Guide Compiled by Samuel Kelleher, ASLA April 2014 - Shrubs - Sweet Shrub - Calycanthus floridus Description: Deciduous shrub; Native; leaves opposite, simple, smooth margined, oblong; flowers axillary, with many brown-maroon, strap-like petals, aromatic; brown seeds enclosed in an elongated, fibrous sac. Sometimes called “Sweet Bubba” or “Sweet Bubby”. Height: 6-9 ft. Width: 6-12 ft. Exposure: Sun to partial shade; range of soil types Sasanqua Camellia - Camellia sasanqua Comment: Evergreen. Drought tolerant Height: 6-10 ft. Width: 5-7 ft. Flower: 2-3 in. single or double white, pink or red flowers in fall Site: Sun to partial shade; prefers acidic, moist, well-drained soil high in organic matter Yaupon Holly - Ilex vomitoria Description: Evergreen shrub or small tree; Native; leaves alternate, simple, elliptical, shallowly toothed; flowers axillary, small, white; fruit a red or rarely yellow berry Height: 15-20 ft. (if allowed to grow without heavy pruning) Width: 10-20 ft. Site: Sun to partial shade; tolerates a range of soil types (dry, moist) Loropetalum ‘ZhuZhou’-Loropetalum chinense ‘ZhuZhou’ Description: Evergreen; It has a loose, slightly open habit and a roughly rounded to vase- shaped form with a medium-fine texture. Height: 10-15 ft. Width: 10-15ft. Site: Preferred growing conditions include sun to partial shade (especially afternoon shade) and moist, well-drained, acidic soil with plenty of organic matter Japanese Ternstroemia - Ternstroemia gymnanthera Comment: Evergreen; Salt spray tolerant; often sold as Cleyera japonica; can be severely pruned. Form is upright oval to rounded; densely branched. Height: 8-10 ft. Width: 5-6 ft. -
Department of Planning and Zoning
Department of Planning and Zoning Subject: Howard County Landscape Manual Updates: Recommended Street Tree List (Appendix B) and Recommended Plant List (Appendix C) - Effective July 1, 2010 To: DLD Review Staff Homebuilders Committee From: Kent Sheubrooks, Acting Chief Division of Land Development Date: July 1, 2010 Purpose: The purpose of this policy memorandum is to update the Recommended Plant Lists presently contained in the Landscape Manual. The plant lists were created for the first edition of the Manual in 1993 before information was available about invasive qualities of certain recommended plants contained in those lists (Norway Maple, Bradford Pear, etc.). Additionally, diseases and pests have made some other plants undesirable (Ash, Austrian Pine, etc.). The Howard County General Plan 2000 and subsequent environmental and community planning publications such as the Route 1 and Route 40 Manuals and the Green Neighborhood Design Guidelines have promoted the desirability of using native plants in landscape plantings. Therefore, this policy seeks to update the Recommended Plant Lists by identifying invasive plant species and disease or pest ridden plants for their removal and prohibition from further planting in Howard County and to add other available native plants which have desirable characteristics for street tree or general landscape use for inclusion on the Recommended Plant Lists. Please note that a comprehensive review of the street tree and landscape tree lists were conducted for the purpose of this update, however, only -
Indiana's Native Magnolias
FNR-238 Purdue University Forestry and Natural Resources Know your Trees Series Indiana’s Native Magnolias Sally S. Weeks, Dendrologist Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 This publication is available in color at http://www.ces.purdue.edu/extmedia/fnr.htm Introduction When most Midwesterners think of a magnolia, images of the grand, evergreen southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora) (Figure 1) usually come to mind. Even those familiar with magnolias tend to think of them as occurring only in the South, where a more moderate climate prevails. Seven species do indeed thrive, especially in the southern Appalachian Mountains. But how many Hoosiers know that there are two native species Figure 2. Cucumber magnolia when planted will grow well throughout Indiana. In Charles Deam’s Trees of Indiana, the author reports “it doubtless occurred in all or nearly all of the counties in southern Indiana south of a line drawn from Franklin to Knox counties.” It was mainly found as a scattered, woodland tree and considered very local. Today, it is known to occur in only three small native populations and is listed as State Endangered Figure 1. Southern magnolia by the Division of Nature Preserves within Indiana’s Department of Natural Resources. found in Indiana? Very few, I suspect. No native As the common name suggests, the immature magnolias occur further west than eastern Texas, fruits are green and resemble a cucumber so we “easterners” are uniquely blessed with the (Figure 3). Pioneers added the seeds to whisky presence of these beautiful flowering trees. to make bitters, a supposed remedy for many Indiana’s most “abundant” species, cucumber ailments. -
IAWA Journal, Vol 14 (4), 1993: 391-412 WOOD ANATOMY OF
IAWA Journal, VoL 14 (4), 1993: 391-412 WOOD ANATOMY OF TREES AND SIffiUBS FROM CHINA. VI. MAGNOLIACEAE by Chen Bao Liangt 1, Pieter Baas2, Elisabeth A. Wheeler3 and Wu Shuming4 Summary The wood anatomy offive genera of Mag ces; oil cells in rays mostly occur in the taxa noliaceae (59 native species, 2 introduced from tropical and subtropical provenances. species) of China is described. Although the Simple perforation plates are mostly present wood anatomy of this family is rather homo in the temperate taxa. Counter to trends for geneous, it is possible to identify most speci the dicotyledons at large, helical thickenings mens to genus. Magnoliaceae wood from are more common in tropical species than in China is characterised by diffuse-porosity, temperate species, and, when present, are scalariform to opposite vessel wall pitting, usually not distinct in deciduous species. scalariform perforations with few bars or in Key words: Magnoliaceae, Kmeria, Lirio some Magnolia species simple perforations, dendron, Magnolia, Mangiietia, Michelia, ground tissue fibres with distinctly to minute China, systematic wood anatomy, ecologi ly bordered pits, marginal parenchyma and cal wood anatomy, wood identification. heterocellular rays mostly with one marginal row of square/upright cells. Intervessel and vessel-parenchyma pits are almost exclusive Introduction ly opposite in the Liriodendroideae; they are Magnoliaceae are shrubs, small trees, or almost exclusively scalariform in the Magno trees, and range from tropical and subtropical lioideae, except for Magnolia section Rhyti to temperate areas. In China, most Magnolia dospermum in which pits are predominantly ceae occur in tropical to subtropical forests, a opposite. Although the wood anatomical char few species occur in temperate areas. -
A Critically Endangered Plant Species Endemic to South-West China
Integrated conservation for Parakmeria omeiensis (Magnoliaceae), a Critically Endangered plant species endemic to south-west China D AOPING Y U ,XIANGYING W EN,CEHONG L I ,TIEYI X IONG,QIXIN P ENG X IAOJIE L I ,KONGPING X IE,HONG L IU and H AI R EN Abstract Parakmeria omeiensis is a Critically Endangered tree attractive and large, and their seed arils are orange, making species in the family Magnoliaceae, endemic to south-west the tree an attractive ornamental plant. However, the species China. The tree is functionally dioecious, but little is known has a restricted range. It has been considered a Grade-I about the species’ status in the wild. We investigated the Key-Protected Wild Plant Species in China since and range, population size, age structure, habitat characteristics has been categorized as Critically Endangered on the and threats to P. omeiensis. We located a total of individuals IUCN Red List since (China Expert Workshop, ), in two populations on the steep slopes of Mount Emei, Sichuan the Chinese Higher Plants Red List since (Yin, ), and province, growing under the canopy of evergreen broadleaved the Red List of Magnoliaceae since (Malin et al., ). forest in well-drained gravel soil. A male-biased sex ratio, lack The tree has also been identified as a plant species with an of effective pollinating insects, and habitat destruction result extremely small population (Ren et al., ; State Forestry in low seed set and poor seedling survival in the wild. We Administration of China, ). have adopted an integrated conservation approach, including Parakmeria includes five species (P. -
THE Magnoliaceae Liriodendron L. Magnolia L
THE Magnoliaceae Liriodendron L. Magnolia L. VEGETATIVE KEY TO SPECIES IN CULTIVATION Jan De Langhe (1 October 2014 - 28 May 2015) Vegetative identification key. Introduction: This key is based on vegetative characteristics, and therefore also of use when flowers and fruits are absent. - Use a 10× hand lens to evaluate stipular scars, buds and pubescence in general. - Look at the entire plant. Young specimens, shade, and strong shoots give an atypical view. - Beware of hybridisation, especially with plants raised from seed other than wild origin. Taxa treated in this key: see page 10. Questionable/frequently misapplied names: see page 10. Names referred to synonymy: see page 11. References: - JDL herbarium - living specimens, in various arboreta, botanic gardens and collections - literature: De Meyere, D. - (2001) - Enkele notities omtrent Liriodendron tulipifera, L. chinense en hun hybriden in BDB, p.23-40. Hunt, D. - (1998) - Magnolias and their allies, 304p. Bean, W.J. - (1981) - Magnolia in Trees and Shrubs hardy in the British Isles VOL.2, p.641-675. - or online edition Clarke, D.L. - (1988) - Magnolia in Trees and Shrubs hardy in the British Isles supplement, p.318-332. Grimshaw, J. & Bayton, R. - (2009) - Magnolia in New Trees, p.473-506. RHS - (2014) - Magnolia in The Hillier Manual of Trees & Shrubs, p.206-215. Liu, Y.-H., Zeng, Q.-W., Zhou, R.-Z. & Xing, F.-W. - (2004) - Magnolias of China, 391p. Krüssmann, G. - (1977) - Magnolia in Handbuch der Laubgehölze, VOL.3, p.275-288. Meyer, F.G. - (1977) - Magnoliaceae in Flora of North America, VOL.3: online edition Rehder, A. - (1940) - Magnoliaceae in Manual of cultivated trees and shrubs hardy in North America, p.246-253. -
A Note on Magnolia, Mainly of Sections Manglietia and Michelia Subgenus
A note on Magnolia, mainly of sections Manglietia and Michelia subgenus Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) A note of caution concerning the ultimate heights that may be achieved in cultivation by numerous of the newer evergreen magnolias from Asia, is the theme of this article by CHRIS CALLAGHAN and S. K. PNG of the Australian Bicentennial Arboretum (ABA). Following Thomas Methuen-Campbell’s interesting report in the 2011 IDS Yearbook concerning the study weekend held in June of that year at RHS Wisley, Surrey, to discuss “summer” flowering magnolias (see Endnote), the authors thought they should write to mention an important consideration before contemplating planting of these trees in gardens, or indeed any tree in a garden, particularly the average small garden. We are not sure if the ultimate size of many of these magnolias was discussed with those attending the study weekend, since most of their maximum known heights were not mentioned in the article. However, we believe any readers tempted by the article to purchase and plant out most of the evergreen magnolias featured (previously in the genera Manglietia, Michelia or Parakmeria) in a normal suburban front or backyard in relatively 46 warm, sheltered, near frost-free areas, will be ultimately dismayed by the sizes they reach (see Figlar 2009 for reasons behind the reduction of genera). Even allowing that these predominantly warm-temperate to sub-tropical forest trees may not achieve their maximum potential sizes in the milder regions of temperate Europe, most are still likely to overtop (and overshadow!) two or three storey homes or apartments, especially with a warming climate. -
Phylogenomic Approach
Toward the ultimate phylogeny of Magnoliaceae: phylogenomic approach Sangtae Kim*1, Suhyeon Park1, and Jongsun Park2 1 Sungshin University, Korea 2 InfoBoss Co., Korea Mr. Carl Ferris Miller Founder of Chollipo Arboretum in Korea Chollipo Arboretum Famous for its magnolia collection 2020. Annual Meeting of Magnolia Society International Cholliop Arboretum in Korea. April 13th~22th, 2020 http://WWW.Chollipo.org Sungshin University, Seoul, Korea Dr. Hans Nooteboom Dr. Liu Yu-Hu Twenty-one years ago... in 1998 The 1st International Symposium on the Family Magnoliaceae, Gwangzhow Dr. Hiroshi Azuma Mr. Richard Figlar Dr. Hans Nooteboom Dr. Qing-wen Zeng Dr. Weibang Sun Handsome young boy Dr. Yong-kang Sima Dr. Yu-wu Law Presented ITS study on Magnoliaceae - never published Ten years ago... in 2009 Presented nine cp genome region study (9.2 kbp) on Magnoliaceae – published in 2013 2015 1st International Sympodium on Neotropical Magnoliaceae Gadalajara, 2019 3rd International Sympodium and Workshop on Neotropical Magnoliaceae Asterales Dipsacales Apiales Why magnolia study is Aquifoliales Campanulids (Euasterids II) Garryales Gentianales Laminales Solanales Lamiids important in botany? Ericales Asterids (Euasterids I) Cornales Sapindales Malvales Brassicales Malvids Fagales (Eurosids II) • As a member of early-diverging Cucurbitales Rosales Fabales Zygophyllales Celestrales Fabids (Eurosid I) angiosperms, reconstruction of the Oxalidales Malpighiales Vitales Geraniales Myrtales Rosids phylogeny of Magnoliaceae will Saxifragales Caryphyllales -
Magnolia Cultivars Flower from April Through Summer
MAGNOLIA CULTIVARS FLOWER FROM APRIL THROUGH SUMMER By Douglas J. Chapman, Horticulturist, Dow Gardens, Midland, Michigan If one large shrub or small tree represents a her- Saucer Magnolia (X Magnolia soulangiana) ald of spring, it certainly is magnolia. Magnolias can be a single stem or multiple stem tree, 20 to 30 commence blooming in mid-April and continue feet in height, with a round habit, holding through June. They are useful as specimens, branches clear to the ground. The coarse leaves foundation planting, or for large area landscapes. are 4 to 6 inches in length, being a flat green dur- The outstanding magnolias include Lily, Saucer, ing summer and a shiny brown late in the fall. Star, 'Dr. Merrill,' and Sweetbay. This fall color is extremely effective. The smooth Lily Magnolia (Magnolia quinquepeta — gray bark, almost beech-like, is an outstanding formerly M. liliflora) is a multiple-stemmed, winter characteristic. Saucer Magnolia flowers large shrub or small tree, with a round habit, in central Michigan during early May. The pur- reaching 10 to 14 feet in height. The 3- to 4-inch ple buds are outstanding, but when the plant leaves are dark green on the upper surface with a comes into full flower, the petals fall rapidly. The light green beneath, giving a shimmering effect most effective time for the flowers is during bud on a windy day. Fall color is non-existent. This — not when fully open. Saucer Magnolia prefers native of China is perfectly hardy as far north as soil which is well drained, fertile, and high in or- Detroit. -
Magnolia Stellata • Star Magnolia
NATIO NAL SPECIES PROFILE PH ENOLOGY PROJECT Magnolia stellata • Star magnolia Leaves Flower buds Unfolded leaves are visible on the plant. buds are visible on the A leaf is considered length has emerged developing, but do not from the breaking bud, include wilted or dried so that the leaf stalk buds. ©2016 Derek r am Sey (r am- man) CC B y-Sa 4.0, h TTpS:// to the stem. Common S.w IkImeDIa.org/w/ In Dex.php? Cur ID=47788832 Fruits One or more open, One or more fruits are visible. The fruit is visible on the plant. capsule-like, grouped with many others into in early spring before a cone-like cluster. It the leaves appear and changes from green are white with a pink to red or red-brown to tan, dark brown or gray and splits open to expose the seeds. Do not include empty capsules that have already dropped all of their seeds. Ripe fruits Colored leaves One or more ripe fruits One or more leaves are visible on the plant. show some of their A fruit is considered ripe typical late-season when it has turned tan, color, or yellow or dark brown or gray and brown due to drought has split open to expose or other stresses. the seeds. Do not include Do not include small empty capsules that spots of color due to have already dropped minor leaf damage all of their seeds. or dieback. Do not include fully dried or dead leaves that remain. Phenophases not shown: breaking leaf bud, falling leaves or fruit. -
Magnolias for the Delaware Valley by Andrew Bunting
Feature Article Magnolias for the Delaware Valley By Andrew Bunting he magnolia is perhaps the most northern South American including ‘Brozzonii’ Thighly regarded of all the spring with 27 species alone in (white with a rose- flowering trees for the Delaware Val- Colombia! There are no purple base); ‘Norbertii’ ley. Walking around Swarthmore on native species in Europe (soft pink flowers); an early April day, you will hardly or Africa, but extensive and ‘Alexandrina’ pass a house that doesn’t have at least speciation in Asia. Many (striking white inner one magnolia in the yard. Many of the deciduous species are tepals, contrasting old homes have extraordinary speci- found in China, Japan, with dark purple outer mens of saucer magnolia (Magnolia and South Korea, as tepals). For the small × soulangeana), some well over 80 well as many evergreen garden, ‘Liliputian’ is a years old. Walk on down Chester Road species in southeastern diminutive selection. toward Swarthmore College and you Asia, especially Vietnam, Yulan magnolia (M. will be greeted by outstanding speci- Thailand, and Myanmar, Magnolia x soulangeana denudata) is one of the mens of saucer magnolia, Yulan mag- with distribution 'Alexandrina' parents of this exquisite nolia (Magnolia denudata), Loebner continuing as far south as Papua, New hybrid. This species can bloom magnolia (Magnolia × loebneri), and Guinea. slightly before the saucer magnolias the star magnolia (Magnolia stellata). The early spring flowering in late March and runs the risk of The Scott Arboretum of Swarthmore magnolias are the ones perhaps most getting frosted on chilly evenings; College holds a national collection of coveted for our region. -
NLI Recommended Plant List for the Mountains
NLI Recommended Plant List for the Mountains Notable Features Requirement Exposure Native Hardiness USDA Max. Mature Height Max. Mature Width Very Wet Very Dry Drained Moist &Well Occasionally Dry Botanical Name Common Name Recommended Cultivars Zones Tree Deciduous Large (Height: 40'+) Acer rubrum red maple 'October Glory'/ 'Red Sunset' fall color Shade/sun x 2-9 75' 45' x x x fast growing, mulit-stemmed, papery peeling Betula nigra river birch 'Heritage® 'Cully'/ 'Dura Heat'/ 'Summer Cascade' bark, play props Shade/part sun x 4-8 70' 60' x x x Celtis occidentalis hackberry tough, drought tolerant, graceful form Full sun x 2-9 60' 60' x x x Fagus grandifolia american beech smooth textured bark, play props Shade/part sun x 3-8 75' 60' x x Fraxinus americana white ash fall color Full sun/part shade x 3-9 80' 60' x x x Ginkgo biloba ginkgo; maidenhair tree 'Autumn Gold'/ 'The President' yellow fall color Full sun 3-9 70' 40' x x good dappled shade, fall color, quick growing, Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis thornless honey locust Shademaster®/ Skyline® salt tolerant, tolerant of acid, alkaline, wind. Full sun/part shade x 3-8 75' 50' x x Liriodendron tulipifera tulip poplar fall color, quick growth rate, play props, Full sun x 4-9 90' 50' x Platanus x acerifolia sycamore, planetree 'Bloodgood' play props, peeling bark Full sun x 4-9 90' 70' x x x Quercus palustris pin oak play props, good fall color, wet tolerant Full sun x 4-8 80' 50' x x x Tilia cordata Little leaf Linden, Basswood 'Greenspire' Full sun/part shade 3-7 60' 40' x x Ulmus