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PRICF-- OUR COVER PICTURES. Huge Crowds, Giving PRICF-- PRICF-- OUR COVER PICTURES. Huge crowds, giving the 'AFRIKA!' salute, filled the streets near the Drill Hall when the Treason Trial opened. The Bishop of Johannesburg, with him the Rey. Pinnock, intervened between police end crowd when a tense atmosphere developed after police fir- TREASON TRIAL FIJND DONORS REASSURED From Our Own Representative MARITZBURG, Wednesday. PEOPLE who give to the Treason Trial Defence Fund will not be taking sides between the prosecution and the accused but will be taking a timely stand for justice and humanity, the Hon. Richard Feetham, former Appellate Division Judge and one of the Fund's sponsors, says in a letter to " The Natal Mercury." The letter reads: "May I, as longed trial are bound to be established for the purposes a sponsor of the Treason Trial heavy, specified in its constitution, which Defence Fund, be allowed "Apart from meeting legal include the provision of 'adequate costs, the Fund has of course to legal defence' of the accused again to urge upon the atten- continue during the trial to pro- persons at their trial. tion of your readers the con- vide needed means of livelihood "In answer to the second point, tinuing need of the Fund for for the accused persons and their let me say that the presentation wives and children. The selec- of a proper legal defence is gentheir generous support? tion of Pretoria as the place of erally recognised as indispensable "Friday, August 1, is the open- trial in preference to Johannes- in any case of this character for ing date for the trial, which is burg is involving an increase in the purpose of ensuring that the to take place at Pretoria before the Fund's liabilities under this Court concerned will be in a posia specially constituted Court of head. tion to arrive at a just conclusion, three Judges, and that date "While attending the prepara- and that donors to the fund, by marks the beginning of the tory examination in Johannes- helping it to provide for such a period during which the Fund burg, the accused persons have defence, as well as for other must be ready to meet its found accommodation for them- needed help for the accused and heaviest rate of expenditure, selves and their families in the their families, are not taking "In spite of the discharge of town and along the Reef; none sides as between the prosecution 64 of the persons involved in the of them lives in Pretoria, and it and the accused but are taking lengthy preliminary proceedings is not practical for them now to a timely stand on the side of before the Magistrate during find accommodation there. justice and humanity. 1957, there are still as many as "Contributions may be sent to 92 persons who have to stand EXTRA BURDEN the Treason Trials Defence Fund, their trial before the Special "The Minister of Justice has c/o P.O. Box 1370, Durban; or Court. All these persons face a stated that free transport will be c/o P.O. Box 8311, Maritzburg." charge of High Treason and two provided daily between the Rand further charges framed under the and Pretoria for accused persons Suppression of Communism Act. attending the trial. "The charge of high treason "But the number of hours is a charge that they conspired which will thus have to be spent together to prepare a violent in travelling between the two revolution leading to the over- centres, in addition to the hours throw of the State, and this con- occupied by attendance at the spiracy is alleged to have taken trial, will mean that those place throughout the .Union dur- accused persons who have hithing the period from 1952 to erto been able to earn money for 1956. themselves at odd hours when their attendance was not required SEVERAL MONTHS in Court, and have thus succeeded more or less in avoiding "The nature of the charges, having mo r upon aviding the number of defendants, and ng to draw upon the limited th resources of the fund for the the wide range which the ev- bare necessities of life, will now, dence may take, point to theI with their families, become an prospect of a trial lasting for 2- burden several months, and a team of -e em that some good citiadvocates is needed for the de- zens will hesitate to support the fence, sufficient to ensure due Treason Trial Defence Fund attention to the details of evi- either on the ground that it is dence affecting each of the indi- an organisation of doubtful revidual accused persons.on the ground "Advocates have been generous that by supporting it they would in their services, and, in spite of tat s ing it the wuld the extent to which the trial may and omittng themseolves to an monopolise their time and atten- om outtin thel toa tion for long periods, the defence opinion in favour of their innocneof .te charges brought fees will be at much lower rates cen othem. than would normally be the case. Nevertheless the costs of provid- REGISTERED ing adequately for the defence "In answer to the first point, throughout the course of a pro- may I remind your readers that the fund is a "welfare organisation," duly registered under the Welfare Organisations Act, as *R&CO.8/58/1425 On Trial for Treason.... It is now November 1957. South Africa's Treason Trial is one year old. The 156 have sat it out in the improvised Courtroom at the Drill Hall, the headquarters of the Department of Defence, through months of tension, summer, autumn, winter and spring. Endlessly, day after day, the team of prosecutors has led evidence - a collection of some 10,000 documents containing almost every circular, press release, statement and report issued by the Congresses in the past four years; every book and document of a political character found in the houses and offices of the accused and their organisations; agendas, minutes and notes seized in police raids on meetings; and a collection of policemen's notes in longhand and shorthand of speeches made by the accused or by the members of their organisations at hundreds of meetings and conferences. Day after day the.evidence has droned on in the courtroom as the treason trial unfolded. And it is still unfinished; it will go on in South Africa for a long while yet. The Crown has still to conclude its case against the 156; the Defence has yet to answer the charges, and call its own evidence. At this stage the proceedings are in the form of a preparatory examination. Committal for trial could mean long months more. What is the aim of this tremendous mountain of accumulated history, based partly on publicly known and publicly stated facts, partly on fantasy? What sort of people are these who are accused? All of them, one way or another, to a greater or lesser extent, are public figures, and their activities and doings are matters of public record. For all of them, in one way or another, have taken part in the organisations which are no less on trial for their lives and their continued liberty to function than are the 156 accused - in the Congresses, in the trade unions, in womens', youth, peace and other organisations. What sort of organisations are these? In this booklet we introduce them to you, together with the aims for which they campaign and their record over the past years. Page 1 The arrests at dawn . P lain clothes police and Special Political Branch detectives have a firm and heavy tread; their thump on the door is loud and resounding. On Wednesday, December 5th, 1956, a thump on the door of his Jabavu house pulled factory worker, former trade unionist Lawrence Nkosi from his bed. Two European detectives and an African constable entered, flourishing a warrant to search. "Treason!" said the warrant. A number of documents were removed, among them a treasured photograph of the African Laundry Workers' Union Executive, with Lawrence among its members. Then a warrant of arrest was produced, and Lawrence was handcuffed and told he had to leave immediately with the detectives. Twelve year old Mandhla and nine year old Bongi were still sleeping. Divorced some years ago, Lawrence had no option but to leave the children alone in the house. So he kissed them goodbye and locked the door behind him, for safety. It was late that afternoon before Congressmen visiting the raided homes could retrieve the children and move them to their grandmother's home. Lawrence Nkosi, suffering from advanced tuberculosis (and later to be released from the long-drawn-out court proceedings for admission to hospital) was driven off to Johannesburg Police Headquarters at Marshall Square. The dawn thump of the Special Branch was heard on doors throughout the country that Wednesday morning. Police Swoops Mass police swoops, of course were nothing new under the Nationalists and Minister of Justice Swart. Police cordons are regularly thrown round whole African townships and hundreds arrested for petty offences. It is a usual week-end event for many hundreds to be taken into custody in a single police operation. The outstretched police hand for the pass book; the probing crow bar for the tin of home-brewed liquor suspected buried in the ground; the roving squad car; the search warrant; the spying; the scrutiny; the note-taking by detectives at meetings - these are all the hallmarks of a police state. It had its first beginnings in the iron fist rule grinding down the Africans..
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