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Cultural Heritage Regeneration of District Six: a Creative Tourism Approach

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Cultural Heritage Regeneration of District Six: a Creative Tourism Approach CULTURAL HERITAGE REGENERATION OF DISTRICT SIX: A CREATIVE TOURISM APPROACH by SIRHAN JESSA Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Tourism and Hospitality Management in the Faculty of Business and Management Sciences at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology Supervisor: Professor J N Steyn Co-supervisor: Professor J P Spencer Cape Town March 2015 CPUT copyright information The dissertation/thesis may not be published either in part (in scholarly, scientific or technical journals), or as a whole (as a monograph), unless permission has been obtained from the University. DECLARATION I, the undersigned, hereby declare that this dissertation is my own work, that all sources used and quoted have been cited and acknowledged by means of complete references and that this dissertation was not previously submitted to any other university or university of technology for degree purposes. _________________________ _________________________ Sirhan Jessa Date: 1 March 2015 i CONFIRMATION OF PROOFREADING 8 Briar Close Silverglade Fish Hoek 7975 [email protected] 24.04.2014 To whom it may concern: I have proofread and edited the thesis: Cultural heritage regeneration in District Six: A creative tourism approach by Sirhan Jessa, a dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Technologiae (Travel and Events Management) in the Faculty of Business at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Suggested corrections and/or alterations have been affected. Rolfe Proske ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS All praise be to God. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisors Professors J.N. Steyn and J.P. Spencer for their guidance, support and encouragement during the course of this research project. I would like to acknowledge my father Fakier Jessa, for leading by example, impressing on me the value of knowledge, and his inspiration and unwavering support and encouragement (sometimes incessant nagging) to complete the study. A special note of thanks goes to my aunt, Dr. Salma Ismail for her invaluable professional advice and kind words of encouragement. My sincere thanks and gratitude to the National Research Foundation and their financial support towards this research is acknowledged. Opinions expressed in this dissertation and the conclusions arrived are not necessarily to be attributed to the National Research Foundation. Mr. Rolfe Proske, who carefully proofread and edited this document and additionally assisted in directing me to resources which had significant bearing on the research study, deserves my sincere gratitude and appreciation. The respondent interviewees who graciously gave of their time and valuable insight must be acknowledged with a special thanks to all the participants at District Six Beneficiary and Redevelopment Trust, the District Six Museum and its trustees, the Cape Peninsula University of Technology and the Western Cape Government. I would like to thank my mother Merunisa, my brothers Adam and Zuben and my sisters Khaleila and Tasneem for their love and support. iii ABSTRACT This study is aimed at determining whether the potential exists for further developing cultural and heritage tourism activities in the redeveloping District Six. A rich and diverse cultural heritage provides the basis from which the study examines whether the implementation of a cultural heritage tourism plan in the redeveloping area, is appropriate, will help address issues of restitution and ultimately contribute to the country’s cultural heritage tourism assets. Currently no formal tourism plan for District Six exists. A historical study provides an assessment of the areas’ cultural heritage assets, manifested in politics, music and dance, art, literature, and architecture. A search of existing cultural and heritage tourism literature was conducted in order to gain insight into the descriptive, theoretical and conceptual research questions identified. Relevant development policies and frameworks impacting and supporting potential tourism development in the area were examined. These include the DFD6 (2011) and the National Heritage Tourism Strategy (2012). Creative tourism was further examined as a tool to augment the tourism product and positively contribute to cultural regeneration. Business and functional linkages to assist the integration of District Six tourism into the broader economy were then identified. A comparative analysis of the introduction of a cultural heritage tourism plan in Genadendal is made. This area experienced similar socio- political and historical conditions as District Six. Thus, parallels of the potential challenges were drawn and opportunities identified. A theoretical model for cultural heritage tourism in District Six is then presented by identifying and explaining elements of model theory, discussing models applicable to the research area and adapting a normative framework for cultural heritage tourism on the Cape Flats. The model recommends solutions to problems such as a lack of capacity and skills, funding and investment, public participation and stakeholder engagement. Furthermore, an empirical survey in the form of in-depth interviews was administered to seventeen relevant academics, heritage and tourism practitioners, resident representatives and development consultants. The methodology included extracting qualitative data through transcribing interviews and thematically presenting and analysing the data. Finally, a list of recommendations is provided. iv CONTENTS DECLARATION ...................................................................................................................... i CONFIRMATION OF PROOFREADING ............................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..................................................................................................... iii ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................ a LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................. b KEYWORDS ......................................................................................................................... c LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................... d CHAPTER ONE: SETTING THE RESEARCH DETAIL ......................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction and background ............................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the research problem ...................................................................... 3 1.2.1 Sub-problem 1 .................................................................................................. 3 1.2.2 Sub-problem 2 .................................................................................................. 4 1.3 Research objectives .............................................................................................. 4 1.4 Key research questions ........................................................................................ 5 1.5 Delineation of the research ................................................................................... 5 1.6 Research methodology ......................................................................................... 6 1.6.1 Literature search ............................................................................................... 6 1.6.2 Empirical survey ............................................................................................... 7 1.6.3 Description of the research population .............................................................. 7 1.7 Summary ................................................................................................................ 8 CHAPTER 2: DISTRICT SIX IN RETROSPECT ................................................................ 9 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 9 2.2 Location ................................................................................................................. 9 2.3 Early settlement ................................................................................................... 11 2.3.1 Authorised expansion ..................................................................................... 13 2.3.2 Disease and slum clearing .............................................................................. 13 2.4 Forced removals .................................................................................................. 15 2.4.1 The Nationalist dream ..................................................................................... 15 2.4.2 Forced removals in District Six ....................................................................... 16 2.4.3 Resistance to removals .................................................................................. 19 2.4.4 Removals justified?......................................................................................... 20 2.5 Political symbolism ............................................................................................. 21 2.6 Identity lost .........................................................................................................
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