Supply Chain Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors for US Industries and Commodities - Appendix 9 - Comparing Commodity-based and Industry-based Supply Chain Emission Factors at the Detail Level

Wesley Ingwersen∗ Mo Li†

July 2, 2020

This document is intended to accompany the full report. Please see the full report for details. USEPA. 2020. Supply Chain Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors for US Industries and Commodities. EPA/600/X-20/001.

Comparing commodity-based and industry-based supply chain factors

∗Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, USEPA Office of Research and Development †GDIT Inc.

1 1.0

Electricity 2012 2013 2014 Alumina refining and primary aluminum production 2015 2016

0.5

Emission Factors (kg/$) Emission Factors Other basic organic chemicals Cement Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining Paper Compressed Gases Aluminum products Differnce Between Industry Between Differnce and Commodity Supply Chain CO2

0.0

Gambling establishments (except casino hotels) Sanitary paper (tissues, napkins, diapers, etc.) Passenger ground transport

Drinking water and wastewater treatment Distilleries and spirits

Natural gas

Coal Boats Signs Fabric Paper Books Sports Dairies Aircraft Cheese Leather Plastics Cement Seafood Clothing Toiletries Software Dentists Electricity Stationery FertilizersPesticidesAdhesives Hospitals Well drilling Natural gas Power tools Computers Telephones Light bulbs Wood pulpCardboard Physicians Mineral wool Light fixtures Automobiles Truck trailers Frozen food Snack foods Rubber tires Air transport Newspapers Ambulances Poultry farms Motor homes Other textiles Plastic bottles All other retailRail transport Warehousing Veterinarians Performances Vehicle repair Postal service Machine shops Wiring devices Vehicle bodies Corn products Coffee and teaAll other foods Truck transport Legal services Photographers Child day care Industrial molds Semiconductors Printing supportAsphalt shinglesPetrochemicals Customs duties Movies and film StoragePrimary batteries batteries Dog and Flourscat food and maltsBreakfast cereals Packaged poultry Carpets and rugs Gasoline stations Pipeline transport Sound recording Other real estate FacilitiesBusiness support support Home healthcare Dimensional stone Abrasive products Custom metal rolls Springs and wires Heavy duty trucks Ophthalmic goods Other animal food Wineries andTobacco wine products Asphalt pavement Nonstore retailers Specialized design Funerary services Aluminum productsCast iron and steel Other vehicle partsOther aircraft parts Dental laboratories Breweries and beer Curtains and linens Compressed Gases Paints and coatings Plywood and veneer Ready−mix concrete RailroadShips rolling and ship stock repair InstitutionalShelving furniture and lockers Fluid milk and butter Distilleries and spirits Radio andTelecommunications television Office administration Medical laboratories Unrefined oil and gas Health care structures Cutlery and handtools Packaging machinery Specialty transformers Cardboard containers Ink and ink cartridges Other plastic Otherproducts rubber products Employment services Outpatient healthcare Promoters and agents Household employees Nonferrous metal casts Screws, nuts, andBall bolts and roller bearings Construction machinery Navigation instruments Irradiation apparatuses Motors and generators Vehicle metal stamping Jewelry andDolls, silverware toys, and games Fiber, yarn, and thread Other support services Religious organizations Manufacturing structures Other concrete products Metal structural products OtherAir engine and gas equipment compressors Home laundry machines Vehicles and parts sales Magazines and journals Management consulting Full−service restaurants Household goods repair Fresh fruits and tree nuts Glass and glass products Secondary steel products Heavy gauge metal tanks Semiconductor machinery Wireless communications Signal testing instruments Home cooking appliances Travel trailer and campers Aircraft engines and parts Food and beverage stores Couriers and messengers Owner−occupiedTenant−occupiedVehicle housing rental housing and leasingComputer systems design Investigation and security Hotels and campgrounds Salons andDry−cleaning barber shops and laundry Cattle ranches andWild−caught feedlots fish and game Other residential structuresLumber and treatedClay lumber and ceramic productsLime and gypsum products Electromedical appartuses Audio and video equipmentSmall electrical appliances Sporting andOffice athletic supplies goods (not paper) Seasonings and dressings Finished and coated fabric Polystyrene foam products Other educational services Secondary copper products Lawn and garden equipment Machine tool manufacturing Material handling equipment Communications equipment Relay and industrial controls Sugar, candy, and chocolate Flavored drink concentrates General merchandise stores Passenger ground transport Data processing and hosting Direct life insurance carriers Limited−service restaurants Copper, nickel, lead, and zinc Cut stone and stone products Switchgear and switchboards Motorcycle, bicycle,Home and furnitureparts − upholstered Bread and other baked goods Paper bags and coated paper Synthetic dyes and pigments Wireless telecommunications Commercial equipment rental Individual and family services Commercial machinery repair Other nonresidential structures Optical instruments and lenses Carbon and Pickupgraphite trucks, products vans, and SUVs Mattresses, blinds and shades Ice cream and frozen desserts Other basic organic chemicals Plastic bags, films, and sheets Timber andAgriculture raw forest and products forestry support Multifamily residential structures Fabricated pipeFarm and machinery pipe fittings and equipment Pumps and pumping equipment Home refrigerators and freezers Other transportation equipment SurgicalDental appliance equipment and andsupplies supplies Packaged meat (except poultry) Other basic inorganic chemicals Soap and cleaning compounds Drugs and druggists... sundries Health and personal care stores Custom computer programming Advertising and public relations Amusement parks and arcades Concrete pipe, bricks, and blocks Computer storage device readers Analytical laboratory instruments Vehicle engines and engine parts Surgical and medical instruments Fruit and vegetable preservation Soft drinks, bottled water, and ice Buildings and dwellings services All other food and drinking places Other support activities for mining Mining and oil/gas field machinery Fluid meters and counting devices All other converted paper Otherproducts petroleum and coal products Urethane and other foam products Petroleum and petroleum products Residential maintenance and repairSingle−family residential structures Other nonmetallic mineral products Power boilers and heat exchangers Special tools,Turbines dies, jigs, and and turbine fixtures generator sets Transmission and power train partsGuided missiles and spaceMilitary vehicles armored vehicles and tanks Medicinal and botanical ingredients Rubber and plastic beltsMachinery, and hoses equipment, and supplies InsuranceInsuranceFunds, carriers, agencies trusts, except and and directfinancial brokerages life vehicles Travel arrangementElementary and reservation and secondary schools Power and communicationWooden structures windows, door, and flooring Ground or treated minerals and earth Other fabricated metal manufacturing Laminated plastic plates and shapes Water transport (boats, ships, ferries) Cable and subscriptionInternet programming publishing and broadcasting Scientific research and development Waste management and remediation Nursing and community care facilities Iron, gold, silver, and other metal ores Educational and vocational structures Industrial process furnaces and ovens Printed circuit and electronicIndustrial assembly process variable instruments RefinedSoybean vegetable, and other olive, oilseed and seedDry, processing oilscondensed, and evaporatedCookies, dairy crackers, pastas, and tortillas Company and enterprise management Federal generalOther government federal government (defense) enterprises Nonresidential maintenance and repair Veneer, plywood, and engineered wood Valve and fittings (except for plumbing) Wood kitchenHome cabinets furniture and − wood, countertops nonupholstered FreshFresh wheat, vegetables, corn, rice, melons, and other and grains potatoes Drinking water and wastewater treatment All other forging, stamping, and sintering Grocery and related product wholesalers Clothing and clothing accessories stores Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets Primary iron, steel, and ferroalloy products Photography and photocopying equipment Mechanical power transmission equipment Communication and energy wire and cable Vehicle electrical and electronic equipment Other household nonupholstered furniture Plastic pipe, fittings, and sausage casings Directory, mailing list, and other publishers Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks Federal general governmentState and (nondefense) local government other services Other secondary nonferrous metal products Other durable goods merchant wholesalers Consumer goods and general rental centers Independent artists, writers, and performers Metal hinges, keys, lock, and other hardware Vehicle seating and interior trim (upholstery) Other state and local government enterprises Light gauge metal cans, boxes, and containers External hard drives, CDs, other storage media Sanitary paper (tissues, napkins, diapers, etc.) Vaccines and other biological medical products Other nondurable goods merchant wholesalers Architectural, engineering, and related services Electronic equipment repair and maintenance Commercial structures, including farm structures Metal coatings, engravings, and heat treatments Heating equipment other than warm air furnaces Gambling establishments (except casino hotels) State and local government educational services Metal windows, doors, and architectural products Other commercial and service industry machinery Hydraulic pumps, motors, cylinders and actuators Synthetic rubber and artificial and synthetic fibers Transportation structures and highways and streets Alumina refining and primary aluminum production Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and supplies Civic, social, professional, and similar organizations Fresh soybeans, canola, flaxseeds, and other oilseeds Ammunition, arms, ordnance, and related accessories Books, newspapers,Gasoline, fuels, magazines, and by−products and other of print petroleum media refining Blood sugar, pregnancy, and other diagnostic test kits Professional and commercial equipmentWholesale and supplieselectronic markets and agents and brokers Securities and commodities brokerage and exchanges Accounting, taxEnvironmental preparation, and bookkeeping, other technical and payrollconsulting services Greenhouse crops, mushrooms, nurseries, and flowers Pharmaceutical products (pills, powders, solutions, etc.) Grantmaking, giving, and social advocacy organizations Sand, gravel, clay, phosphate, other nonmetallic minerals Metal plumbing drains, faucets, valves, and other fittings Speed changers, industrial high−speed drives, and gears Automatic controls for HVAC and refrigeration equipment Nondepository credit intermediation and related activities Healthcare practitioners (except physicians and dentists) other miscellaneous electrical equipment and components Household appliances and electrical and electronic goods Monetary authorities and depository credit intermediation State and local government hospitals and health services Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining Pet care, photofinishing, parking and other sundry services Watches, clocks, and other measuring and controlling devices Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers Air conditioning, refrigeration, and warm air heating equipment Computer terminals and other computer peripheral equipment Colleges, universities, junior colleges, and professional schools Animal farms and aquaculture ponds (except cattle and poultry) Office furniture and custom architectural woodwork and millwork Propulsion units and parts for space vehicles and guided missiles Other computer related services, including facilities management Metal crown, closure, and other metal stamping (except automotive) Industrial and commercial fan and blower and air purification equipment Satellite, telecommunications resellers, and all other telecommunications

Scenic and sightseeing transportation and support activities for transportation Investment advice, portfolio management, and other financial advising services Golf courses, marinas, ski resorts, fitness and other rec centers and industries Cutting and machine tool accessory, rolling mill, and other metalworking machines Residential mental retardation, mental health, substance abuse and other facilities Major home appliances (except ovens, stoves, refrigerators and laundry machines) Motor vehicle steering, suspension components (except spring), and brake systems Community food, housing, and other relief services, including rehabilitation services Tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, peanuts, sugar beets, herbs and spices, and other crops

Machinery for the paper, textile, food or other industries (except semiconductor machinery) News syndicates, libraries, archives, Internet publishing and all other information services Gaskets, seals, musical instruments, fasteners, brooms, brushes, mop and other misc. goods Marketing research and all other miscellaneous professional, scientific, and technical services Welding and Soldering Equipment, Scales and Balances, and other general purpose machinery

Chemicals (except basic chemicals, agrichemicals, polymers, paints, pharmaceuticals,soaps, cleaning compounds)

Electronic capacitors, resistors, coils, transformers, connectors and other components (except semiconductors and printed circuit assemblies)

Figure A9 - 1: Carbon dioxide supply chain emission factors: industry variance from commodity factors at the detail level from 2012-2016.

2 50 Drinking water and wastewater treatment

2012 2013 40 2014 2015 2016

30

20 Emission Factors (g/$) Emission Factors Differnce Between Industry Between Differnce and Commodity Supply Chain CH4

10 Waste management and remediation

0

Agriculture and forestry support Ice cream and frozen desserts Power and communication structures Fruit and vegetable preservation Passenger ground transport

Other support activities for mining Well drilling −10

Coal Boats Signs Fabric Paper Books Sports Dairies Aircraft Cheese Leather Plastics Cement Seafood Clothing Toiletries Software Dentists Electricity Stationery FertilizersPesticidesAdhesives Hospitals Well drilling Natural gas Power tools Computers Telephones Light bulbs Wood pulpCardboard Physicians Mineral wool Light fixtures Automobiles Truck trailers Frozen food Snack foods Rubber tires Air transport Newspapers Ambulances Poultry farms Motor homes Other textiles Plastic bottles All other retailRail transport Warehousing Veterinarians Performances Vehicle repair Postal service Machine shops Wiring devices Vehicle bodies Corn products Coffee and teaAll other foods Truck transport Legal services Photographers Child day care Industrial molds Semiconductors Printing supportAsphalt shinglesPetrochemicals Customs duties Movies and film StoragePrimary batteries batteries Dog and Flourscat food and maltsBreakfast cereals Packaged poultry Carpets and rugs Gasoline stations Pipeline transport Sound recording Other real estate FacilitiesBusiness support support Home healthcare Dimensional stone Abrasive products Custom metal rolls Springs and wires Heavy duty trucks Ophthalmic goods Other animal food Wineries andTobacco wine products Asphalt pavement Nonstore retailers Specialized design Funerary services Aluminum productsCast iron and steel Other vehicle partsOther aircraft parts Dental laboratories Breweries and beer Curtains and linens Compressed Gases Paints and coatings Plywood and veneer Ready−mix concrete RailroadShips rolling and ship stock repair InstitutionalShelving furniture and lockers Fluid milk and butter Distilleries and spirits Radio andTelecommunications television Office administration Medical laboratories Unrefined oil and gas Health care structures Cutlery and handtools Packaging machinery Specialty transformers Cardboard containers Ink and ink cartridges Other plastic Otherproducts rubber products Employment services Outpatient healthcare Promoters and agents Household employees Nonferrous metal casts Screws, nuts, andBall bolts and roller bearings Construction machinery Navigation instruments Irradiation apparatuses Motors and generators Vehicle metal stamping Jewelry andDolls, silverware toys, and games Fiber, yarn, and thread Other support services Religious organizations Manufacturing structures Other concrete products Metal structural products OtherAir engine and gas equipment compressors Home laundry machines Vehicles and parts sales Magazines and journals Management consulting Full−service restaurants Household goods repair Fresh fruits and tree nuts Glass and glass products Secondary steel products Heavy gauge metal tanks Semiconductor machinery Wireless communications Signal testing instruments Home cooking appliances Travel trailer and campers Aircraft engines and parts Food and beverage stores Couriers and messengers Owner−occupiedTenant−occupiedVehicle housing rental housing and leasingComputer systems design Investigation and security Hotels and campgrounds Salons andDry−cleaning barber shops and laundry Cattle ranches andWild−caught feedlots fish and game Other residential structuresLumber and treatedClay lumber and ceramic productsLime and gypsum products Electromedical appartuses Audio and video equipmentSmall electrical appliances Sporting andOffice athletic supplies goods (not paper) Seasonings and dressings Finished and coated fabric Polystyrene foam products Other educational services Secondary copper products Lawn and garden equipment Machine tool manufacturing Material handling equipment Communications equipment Relay and industrial controls Sugar, candy, and chocolate Flavored drink concentrates General merchandise stores Passenger ground transport Data processing and hosting Direct life insurance carriers Limited−service restaurants Copper, nickel, lead, and zinc Cut stone and stone products Switchgear and switchboards Motorcycle, bicycle,Home and furnitureparts − upholstered Bread and other baked goods Paper bags and coated paper Synthetic dyes and pigments Wireless telecommunications Commercial equipment rental Individual and family services Commercial machinery repair Other nonresidential structures Optical instruments and lenses Carbon and Pickupgraphite trucks, products vans, and SUVs Mattresses, blinds and shades Ice cream and frozen desserts Other basic organic chemicals Plastic bags, films, and sheets Timber andAgriculture raw forest and products forestry support Multifamily residential structures Fabricated pipeFarm and machinery pipe fittings and equipment Pumps and pumping equipment Home refrigerators and freezers Other transportation equipment SurgicalDental appliance equipment and andsupplies supplies Packaged meat (except poultry) Other basic inorganic chemicals Soap and cleaning compounds Drugs and druggists... sundries Health and personal care stores Custom computer programming Advertising and public relations Amusement parks and arcades Concrete pipe, bricks, and blocks Computer storage device readers Analytical laboratory instruments Vehicle engines and engine parts Surgical and medical instruments Fruit and vegetable preservation Soft drinks, bottled water, and ice Buildings and dwellings services All other food and drinking places Other support activities for mining Mining and oil/gas field machinery Fluid meters and counting devices All other converted paper Otherproducts petroleum and coal products Urethane and other foam products Petroleum and petroleum products Residential maintenance and repairSingle−family residential structures Other nonmetallic mineral products Power boilers and heat exchangers Special tools,Turbines dies, jigs, and and turbine fixtures generator sets Transmission and power train partsGuided missiles and spaceMilitary vehicles armored vehicles and tanks Medicinal and botanical ingredients Rubber and plastic beltsMachinery, and hoses equipment, and supplies InsuranceInsuranceFunds, carriers, agencies trusts, except and and directfinancial brokerages life vehicles Travel arrangementElementary and reservation and secondary schools Power and communicationWooden structures windows, door, and flooring Ground or treated minerals and earth Other fabricated metal manufacturing Laminated plastic plates and shapes Water transport (boats, ships, ferries) Cable and subscriptionInternet programming publishing and broadcasting Scientific research and development Waste management and remediation Nursing and community care facilities Iron, gold, silver, and other metal ores Educational and vocational structures Industrial process furnaces and ovens Printed circuit and electronicIndustrial assembly process variable instruments RefinedSoybean vegetable, and other olive, oilseed and seedDry, processing oilscondensed, and evaporatedCookies, dairy crackers, pastas, and tortillas Company and enterprise management Federal generalOther government federal government (defense) enterprises Nonresidential maintenance and repair Veneer, plywood, and engineered wood Valve and fittings (except for plumbing) Wood kitchenHome cabinets furniture and − wood, countertops nonupholstered FreshFresh wheat, vegetables, corn, rice, melons, and other and grains potatoes Drinking water and wastewater treatment All other forging, stamping, and sintering Grocery and related product wholesalers Clothing and clothing accessories stores Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets Primary iron, steel, and ferroalloy products Photography and photocopying equipment Mechanical power transmission equipment Communication and energy wire and cable Vehicle electrical and electronic equipment Other household nonupholstered furniture Plastic pipe, fittings, and sausage casings Directory, mailing list, and other publishers Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks Federal general governmentState and (nondefense) local government other services Other secondary nonferrous metal products Other durable goods merchant wholesalers Consumer goods and general rental centers Independent artists, writers, and performers Metal hinges, keys, lock, and other hardware Vehicle seating and interior trim (upholstery) Other state and local government enterprises Light gauge metal cans, boxes, and containers External hard drives, CDs, other storage media Sanitary paper (tissues, napkins, diapers, etc.) Vaccines and other biological medical products Other nondurable goods merchant wholesalers Architectural, engineering, and related services Electronic equipment repair and maintenance Commercial structures, including farm structures Metal coatings, engravings, and heat treatments Heating equipment other than warm air furnaces Gambling establishments (except casino hotels) State and local government educational services Metal windows, doors, and architectural products Other commercial and service industry machinery Hydraulic pumps, motors, cylinders and actuators Synthetic rubber and artificial and synthetic fibers Transportation structures and highways and streets Alumina refining and primary aluminum production Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and supplies Civic, social, professional, and similar organizations Fresh soybeans, canola, flaxseeds, and other oilseeds Ammunition, arms, ordnance, and related accessories Books, newspapers,Gasoline, fuels, magazines, and by−products and other of print petroleum media refining Blood sugar, pregnancy, and other diagnostic test kits Professional and commercial equipmentWholesale and supplieselectronic markets and agents and brokers Securities and commodities brokerage and exchanges Accounting, taxEnvironmental preparation, and bookkeeping, other technical and payrollconsulting services Greenhouse crops, mushrooms, nurseries, and flowers Pharmaceutical products (pills, powders, solutions, etc.) Grantmaking, giving, and social advocacy organizations Sand, gravel, clay, phosphate, other nonmetallic minerals Metal plumbing drains, faucets, valves, and other fittings Speed changers, industrial high−speed drives, and gears Automatic controls for HVAC and refrigeration equipment Nondepository credit intermediation and related activities Healthcare practitioners (except physicians and dentists) other miscellaneous electrical equipment and components Household appliances and electrical and electronic goods Monetary authorities and depository credit intermediation State and local government hospitals and health services Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining Pet care, photofinishing, parking and other sundry services Watches, clocks, and other measuring and controlling devices Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers Air conditioning, refrigeration, and warm air heating equipment Computer terminals and other computer peripheral equipment Colleges, universities, junior colleges, and professional schools Animal farms and aquaculture ponds (except cattle and poultry) Office furniture and custom architectural woodwork and millwork Propulsion units and parts for space vehicles and guided missiles Other computer related services, including facilities management Metal crown, closure, and other metal stamping (except automotive) Industrial and commercial fan and blower and air purification equipment Satellite, telecommunications resellers, and all other telecommunications

Scenic and sightseeing transportation and support activities for transportation Investment advice, portfolio management, and other financial advising services Golf courses, marinas, ski resorts, fitness and other rec centers and industries Cutting and machine tool accessory, rolling mill, and other metalworking machines Residential mental retardation, mental health, substance abuse and other facilities Major home appliances (except ovens, stoves, refrigerators and laundry machines) Motor vehicle steering, suspension components (except spring), and brake systems Community food, housing, and other relief services, including rehabilitation services Tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, peanuts, sugar beets, herbs and spices, and other crops

Machinery for the paper, textile, food or other industries (except semiconductor machinery) News syndicates, libraries, archives, Internet publishing and all other information services Gaskets, seals, musical instruments, fasteners, brooms, brushes, mop and other misc. goods Marketing research and all other miscellaneous professional, scientific, and technical services Welding and Soldering Equipment, Scales and Balances, and other general purpose machinery

Chemicals (except basic chemicals, agrichemicals, polymers, paints, pharmaceuticals,soaps, cleaning compounds)

Electronic capacitors, resistors, coils, transformers, connectors and other components (except semiconductors and printed circuit assemblies)

Figure A9 - 2: Methane supply chain emission factors: industry variance from commodity factors at the detail level from 2012-2016.

3 1.5 Drinking water and wastewater treatment

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1.0

0.5 Emission Factors (g/$) Emission Factors

Corn products Differnce Between Industry Between Differnce and Commodity Supply Chain N2O

0.0

Coal Boats Signs Fabric Paper Books Sports Dairies Aircraft Cheese Leather Plastics Cement Seafood Clothing Toiletries Software Dentists Electricity Stationery FertilizersPesticidesAdhesives Hospitals Well drilling Natural gas Power tools Computers Telephones Light bulbs Wood pulpCardboard Physicians Mineral wool Light fixtures Automobiles Truck trailers Frozen food Snack foods Rubber tires Air transport Newspapers Ambulances Poultry farms Motor homes Other textiles Plastic bottles All other retailRail transport Warehousing Veterinarians Performances Vehicle repair Postal service Machine shops Wiring devices Vehicle bodies Corn products Coffee and teaAll other foods Truck transport Legal services Photographers Child day care Industrial molds Semiconductors Printing supportAsphalt shinglesPetrochemicals Customs duties Movies and film StoragePrimary batteries batteries Dog and Flourscat food and maltsBreakfast cereals Packaged poultry Carpets and rugs Gasoline stations Pipeline transport Sound recording Other real estate FacilitiesBusiness support support Home healthcare Dimensional stone Abrasive products Custom metal rolls Springs and wires Heavy duty trucks Ophthalmic goods Other animal food Wineries andTobacco wine products Asphalt pavement Nonstore retailers Specialized design Funerary services Aluminum productsCast iron and steel Other vehicle partsOther aircraft parts Dental laboratories Breweries and beer Curtains and linens Compressed Gases Paints and coatings Plywood and veneer Ready−mix concrete RailroadShips rolling and ship stock repair InstitutionalShelving furniture and lockers Fluid milk and butter Distilleries and spirits Radio andTelecommunications television Office administration Medical laboratories Unrefined oil and gas Health care structures Cutlery and handtools Packaging machinery Specialty transformers Cardboard containers Ink and ink cartridges Other plastic Otherproducts rubber products Employment services Outpatient healthcare Promoters and agents Household employees Nonferrous metal casts Screws, nuts, andBall bolts and roller bearings Construction machinery Navigation instruments Irradiation apparatuses Motors and generators Vehicle metal stamping Jewelry andDolls, silverware toys, and games Fiber, yarn, and thread Other support services Religious organizations Manufacturing structures Other concrete products Metal structural products OtherAir engine and gas equipment compressors Home laundry machines Vehicles and parts sales Magazines and journals Management consulting Full−service restaurants Household goods repair Fresh fruits and tree nuts Glass and glass products Secondary steel products Heavy gauge metal tanks Semiconductor machinery Wireless communications Signal testing instruments Home cooking appliances Travel trailer and campers Aircraft engines and parts Food and beverage stores Couriers and messengers Owner−occupiedTenant−occupiedVehicle housing rental housing and leasingComputer systems design Investigation and security Hotels and campgrounds Salons andDry−cleaning barber shops and laundry Cattle ranches andWild−caught feedlots fish and game Other residential structuresLumber and treatedClay lumber and ceramic productsLime and gypsum products Electromedical appartuses Audio and video equipmentSmall electrical appliances Sporting andOffice athletic supplies goods (not paper) Seasonings and dressings Finished and coated fabric Polystyrene foam products Other educational services Secondary copper products Lawn and garden equipment Machine tool manufacturing Material handling equipment Communications equipment Relay and industrial controls Sugar, candy, and chocolate Flavored drink concentrates General merchandise stores Passenger ground transport Data processing and hosting Direct life insurance carriers Limited−service restaurants Copper, nickel, lead, and zinc Cut stone and stone products Switchgear and switchboards Motorcycle, bicycle,Home and furnitureparts − upholstered Bread and other baked goods Paper bags and coated paper Synthetic dyes and pigments Wireless telecommunications Commercial equipment rental Individual and family services Commercial machinery repair Other nonresidential structures Optical instruments and lenses Carbon and Pickupgraphite trucks, products vans, and SUVs Mattresses, blinds and shades Ice cream and frozen desserts Other basic organic chemicals Plastic bags, films, and sheets Timber andAgriculture raw forest and products forestry support Multifamily residential structures Fabricated pipeFarm and machinery pipe fittings and equipment Pumps and pumping equipment Home refrigerators and freezers Other transportation equipment SurgicalDental appliance equipment and andsupplies supplies Packaged meat (except poultry) Other basic inorganic chemicals Soap and cleaning compounds Drugs and druggists... sundries Health and personal care stores Custom computer programming Advertising and public relations Amusement parks and arcades Concrete pipe, bricks, and blocks Computer storage device readers Analytical laboratory instruments Vehicle engines and engine parts Surgical and medical instruments Fruit and vegetable preservation Soft drinks, bottled water, and ice Buildings and dwellings services All other food and drinking places Other support activities for mining Mining and oil/gas field machinery Fluid meters and counting devices All other converted paper Otherproducts petroleum and coal products Urethane and other foam products Petroleum and petroleum products Residential maintenance and repairSingle−family residential structures Other nonmetallic mineral products Power boilers and heat exchangers Special tools,Turbines dies, jigs, and and turbine fixtures generator sets Transmission and power train partsGuided missiles and spaceMilitary vehicles armored vehicles and tanks Medicinal and botanical ingredients Rubber and plastic beltsMachinery, and hoses equipment, and supplies InsuranceInsuranceFunds, carriers, agencies trusts, except and and directfinancial brokerages life vehicles Travel arrangementElementary and reservation and secondary schools Power and communicationWooden structures windows, door, and flooring Ground or treated minerals and earth Other fabricated metal manufacturing Laminated plastic plates and shapes Water transport (boats, ships, ferries) Cable and subscriptionInternet programming publishing and broadcasting Scientific research and development Waste management and remediation Nursing and community care facilities Iron, gold, silver, and other metal ores Educational and vocational structures Industrial process furnaces and ovens Printed circuit and electronicIndustrial assembly process variable instruments RefinedSoybean vegetable, and other olive, oilseed and seedDry, processing oilscondensed, and evaporatedCookies, dairy crackers, pastas, and tortillas Company and enterprise management Federal generalOther government federal government (defense) enterprises Nonresidential maintenance and repair Veneer, plywood, and engineered wood Valve and fittings (except for plumbing) Wood kitchenHome cabinets furniture and − wood, countertops nonupholstered FreshFresh wheat, vegetables, corn, rice, melons, and other and grains potatoes Drinking water and wastewater treatment All other forging, stamping, and sintering Grocery and related product wholesalers Clothing and clothing accessories stores Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets Primary iron, steel, and ferroalloy products Photography and photocopying equipment Mechanical power transmission equipment Communication and energy wire and cable Vehicle electrical and electronic equipment Other household nonupholstered furniture Plastic pipe, fittings, and sausage casings Directory, mailing list, and other publishers Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks Federal general governmentState and (nondefense) local government other services Other secondary nonferrous metal products Other durable goods merchant wholesalers Consumer goods and general rental centers Independent artists, writers, and performers Metal hinges, keys, lock, and other hardware Vehicle seating and interior trim (upholstery) Other state and local government enterprises Light gauge metal cans, boxes, and containers External hard drives, CDs, other storage media Sanitary paper (tissues, napkins, diapers, etc.) Vaccines and other biological medical products Other nondurable goods merchant wholesalers Architectural, engineering, and related services Electronic equipment repair and maintenance Commercial structures, including farm structures Metal coatings, engravings, and heat treatments Heating equipment other than warm air furnaces Gambling establishments (except casino hotels) State and local government educational services Metal windows, doors, and architectural products Other commercial and service industry machinery Hydraulic pumps, motors, cylinders and actuators Synthetic rubber and artificial and synthetic fibers Transportation structures and highways and streets Alumina refining and primary aluminum production Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and supplies Civic, social, professional, and similar organizations Fresh soybeans, canola, flaxseeds, and other oilseeds Ammunition, arms, ordnance, and related accessories Books, newspapers,Gasoline, fuels, magazines, and by−products and other of print petroleum media refining Blood sugar, pregnancy, and other diagnostic test kits Professional and commercial equipmentWholesale and supplieselectronic markets and agents and brokers Securities and commodities brokerage and exchanges Accounting, taxEnvironmental preparation, and bookkeeping, other technical and payrollconsulting services Greenhouse crops, mushrooms, nurseries, and flowers Pharmaceutical products (pills, powders, solutions, etc.) Grantmaking, giving, and social advocacy organizations Sand, gravel, clay, phosphate, other nonmetallic minerals Metal plumbing drains, faucets, valves, and other fittings Speed changers, industrial high−speed drives, and gears Automatic controls for HVAC and refrigeration equipment Nondepository credit intermediation and related activities Healthcare practitioners (except physicians and dentists) other miscellaneous electrical equipment and components Household appliances and electrical and electronic goods Monetary authorities and depository credit intermediation State and local government hospitals and health services Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining Pet care, photofinishing, parking and other sundry services Watches, clocks, and other measuring and controlling devices Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers Air conditioning, refrigeration, and warm air heating equipment Computer terminals and other computer peripheral equipment Colleges, universities, junior colleges, and professional schools Animal farms and aquaculture ponds (except cattle and poultry) Office furniture and custom architectural woodwork and millwork Propulsion units and parts for space vehicles and guided missiles Other computer related services, including facilities management Metal crown, closure, and other metal stamping (except automotive) Industrial and commercial fan and blower and air purification equipment Satellite, telecommunications resellers, and all other telecommunications

Scenic and sightseeing transportation and support activities for transportation Investment advice, portfolio management, and other financial advising services Golf courses, marinas, ski resorts, fitness and other rec centers and industries Cutting and machine tool accessory, rolling mill, and other metalworking machines Residential mental retardation, mental health, substance abuse and other facilities Major home appliances (except ovens, stoves, refrigerators and laundry machines) Motor vehicle steering, suspension components (except spring), and brake systems Community food, housing, and other relief services, including rehabilitation services Tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, peanuts, sugar beets, herbs and spices, and other crops

Machinery for the paper, textile, food or other industries (except semiconductor machinery) News syndicates, libraries, archives, Internet publishing and all other information services Gaskets, seals, musical instruments, fasteners, brooms, brushes, mop and other misc. goods Marketing research and all other miscellaneous professional, scientific, and technical services Welding and Soldering Equipment, Scales and Balances, and other general purpose machinery

Chemicals (except basic chemicals, agrichemicals, polymers, paints, pharmaceuticals,soaps, cleaning compounds)

Electronic capacitors, resistors, coils, transformers, connectors and other components (except semiconductors and printed circuit assemblies)

Figure A9 - 3: Nitrous oxide supply chain emission factors: industry variance from commodity factors at the detail level from 2012-2016.

4