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Wood Fiber Insulation CaSCo - Carbon.Smart.Communities PRODUCT GROUP PROFILES Wood fiber insulation compiled by HOLZ VON HIER www.holz-von-hier.de product group profiles / WOOD FIBER INSULATION - 1 IMPRESSUM Deliverable xxxx Date of delivery: July 2018 Contact: [email protected] Conception and realisation: HOLZ VON HIER gGmbH Content, design, layout: Gabriele Bruckner, Philipp Strohmeier for HOLZ VON HIER HOLZ VON HIER wants to thanks all CaSCo partners, the European Union and the Interreg Alpine Space programm. HOLZ VON HIER www.holz-von-hier.de HOLZ VON HIER: non-profit initiative with stakeholder board, advisory boards, expert panel and open partner network. HOLZ VON HIER: Climate and Environment Label / HvH Environmentalfootprint. product group profiles / WOOD FIBER INSULATION - 2 1 / Introduction The insulation of old building stock is one of • Coconut fiber. Insulation with high transport the central energy issues of our time. Accor- load - rather not recommended. ding to FIW 2012, most of the house walls in need of renovation are still single-wall mason- B. insulating materials based on petroleum ry with a rather low insulation rate (in Germa- • EPS (Styrofoam). Classic insulation from ny for example only 24%). For the protection plates. Combustible. of climate and resources, however, the mate- rialine used and its upstream chains are also • XPS. Foam boards, also combustible. of central importance. For buildings according • PURE. Also foamed to soft or hard plates ma- to the current EnEV standard, the upstream terial. chains of the materials and the construction of the building already have a greater share C. Mineral insulation materials of the environmental impact than the enti- • Glass wool. Most common insulation ever. re utilization phase. The material flow along the processing chain also plays an important • Foam glass. Special insulation in the form of role in insulating materials. The environmen- plates with very good technical characteris- tal balance is also strongly influenced by the tics. material of the insulation product. In princi- • Rock wool. Energy-intensive production, good ple, insulating materials can be distinguished insulation effects, but sensitive to moisture. according to the essential basic raw materials: • Calcium silicate. Insulation in sheet form with the best fire protection and strength proper- A. Insulation materials based on renewable ties. Expensive. raw materials: • Perlite. All-round insulation in the form of ex- • Wood insulation materials. Main part of Na- panded beads for pouring. WaRos. Mainly in the form of fiberboards, which are pressed in different processes (wet D. ETICS - External thermal insulation compo- and dry process) from wood fibers. In additi- site systems on, there are still wood wool lightweight pa- nels that are cement-bound. In addition, there are still thermal insulation sys- tems that are mounted as complete facade ele- • Cellulose. Insulation of wood raw material or ments. Decisive disadvantage is the catastrophic Alptpapier in the form of plates or blow-in in- reusability and thus potentially high enviornmen- sulation. tal footprint. • Straw. Modern and very ecological insulation, very popular. Market shares: insulating materials from renewa- • Hemp. Natural fiber insulation in the form of ble raw materials are still a rarity today. Mineral as sheets or mats. well as glass and rock wool have the highest mar- • Flax. Further natural fiber insulation with good ket shares of 54.6%, followed by synthetic insu- ecological properties. lation materials of 41.4% such as EPS, XPS, PUR, • Seaweed. Rare insulation with a good eco- of which 30.7% EPS. Natural insulating materials balance. have a market share of only 4% (including 32% cellulose, 28% soft fiber and 20% lightweight pa- • Cork. Cork granulate insulation with character. nels). Odor. product group profiles / WOOD FIBER INSULATION - 3 2 / Prechains Basic raw materials in wood Raw material extraction (A1) fiber insulating materials The raw material wood comes from forests that are either commercial forests (the rule in Cen- Wood fiber insulation boards such as MDF, HDF, tral Europe) or primeval forests (in other parts of DHF, DFF boards consist of wood fibers 82-86%, the world). German forests have been sustaina- water 5-7%, PMDI glue or UF glue (urea resin) bly managed for centuries, sustainable forestry 4-11%, paraffin emulsion <1%. In the case of is enshrined in the Forest Act. Almost all of our coated plates, additives (for example melamine- managed forest areas are additionally certified formaldehyde resin) and optionally decorative pa- with sustainability labels for the forest (FSC and pers are also added. Wood wool panels are made PEFC). This is not the case everywhere in the of wood 25-35%, burnt magnesium as binder world, for example in Asia, Latin America and Af- 30-40% (or cement), magnesium sulphate 3-6%, rica only about 1-5% of the forest area is certified water 30-40%. with such sustainability labels. For imports wit- hout such a forest label, depending on the count- ry of origin, the risk of depletion is high. The proof of origin of the climate and environmental label For comparison HOLZ VON HERE is conform to the due diligence. An entry requirement for logs in the HOLZ VON Basic materials in plastic insulation materi- HIER proof of material flow is that the wood ori- als (EPS, XPS, PUR). EPS and XPS plastic insu- ginates from sustainable forestry (certified with lation panels consist of the precursors polystyrene FM certificate from FSC, PEFC or similar). granules 90-95%, graphite 3.5-5% and additives such as pentane 4-7% (as propellant) and hexab- Wood is a renewable raw material and thus is romocyclododecane 9.5-3% (as flame retardant). available in principle permanently, provided it PUR plastic insulation panels consist of methylene comes from sustainable forestry, because then no more wood is taken than grows back. Timber diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) 55-65%, polyol 20- from poaching should not be used for climate and 30%, additives such as pentane 4-5% (as blowing environmental reasons (the „outreach“ depends agent), foam stabilizers 0.5-2%, phosphorus-con- on the occurrence in primary forest countries, es- taining flame retardants 2-5% , Basic raw material pecially in the tropics such as Asia, Latin Ameri- for all is petroleum. ca, Africa and boreal forest areas such as Siberia, Canada etc.). Basic raw materials for mineral, glass, rock wool. Mineral wool and glass wool consists of: broken pieces 50-70%, sand 10-15%, soda 5-15%, borate 4-8% (borate = ester of boric acid). Rock wool slabs consist of: dolomite and basalt 40- 50%, cementitious shaped stones 45-55%, binder (phenol-formaldehyde resin) 4%, mineral oil 0.2%, adhesion promoter 0.1%. product group profiles / WOOD FIBER INSULATION - 4 For comparison Transports „cradle to gate“ (A2) and Transports „gate to Plastic insulation materials (EPS, XPS, PUR). (1) EPS, XPS. Oil becomes benzene, which is con- customer“ (A4) verted to ethylbenzene, to styrene, to polystyrene (PS) and to the precursor PS granules. This is the Transports in the processing chain (A2). As precursor for all polystyrene based products. a rule, barely reliable information is available on (2) PUR. Oil is processed through various steps to transports within the processing chain. In the case of insulating materials here is the primary the precursor PUR granulate. product usually not roundwood but sawdust and OIL. The main oil deposits in Saudi Arabia are wood chips or chips from industry. In product- 14%, Russia 13%, USA 11% and China 5%. The independent EPD, standard data sets of 50 to range of oil is given at about 100 years (USGS). 350 km for the upstream chains are usually used. GRANULES. Polystyrene granules is v.a. Made in Some studies even expect only 75-200 km (IBU) Asia and traded worldwide. GRAPHITE. Graphite to 562 km (Thünen Institute). But even values ​​of 500 to 600 km probably underestimate the real is mined in 15 countries with commercially exploi- flow of goods, considering the imports of wood table potential. In Europe there are only a few ac- fibers and waste wood to Germany. In principle, tive graphite mines (for example Ukraine, Norway, all raw materials for wood fiber insulating materi- Czech Republic, Austria). The world‘s main resour- als could be obtained within a short time, unlike, ces are 68% in China, 14% in India and 10% in for example, oil-based plastic insulating materi- als. However, with 750,000 tons of wood chips Brazil. The range of graphite at current economic and 1.7 million tons of residual wood, considera- production rate is very contradictory. ble quantities of primary products for insulating materials are also imported to Germany each Mineral-, Glas-, Steinwolle. (1) GLASS. In Ger- year. In total, 1.7 million tonnes would be avoi- man 2 million tonnes of recycled glass are coll- dable for these primary products as imports and ected annually (recycling rate 85%). (2) SODA. exports overlap. 90% of the traded HS would be Soda is produced in 28 countries worldwide, the avoidable and 50% of the traded residual wood. three largest producers are China 46%, USA 21% By closing cycles, around 170,000 tonnes of CO2 and Russia 6%, Germany has only 5% of world could be avoided each year. Add to that the ... production. (3) BORATES. Borates are mined in 9 Transport to the place of use (A4). Transports countries, the three largest producers are Turkey A4 are not recorded in EPD, but can account for a 46%, Chile 16% and Argentina 14%, Germany large part of the life cycle assessment of the buil- has no own deposits. (4) STONE. Stones such as ding material. This is particularly important when dolomite and basalt are classified as ubiquitous. producing certain products from manufacturers Recycled glass is available in most countries.
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