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LA DEFENSE Métro : La Grande Arche De La Défense

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LA DEFENSE Métro : La Grande Arche De La Défense LA DEFENSE Métro : La Grande Arche de la Défense HISTOIRE DE LA DEFENSE Le nom du quartier est dû à une sculpture représentant la défense de Paris contre l’envahisseur allemand pendant la guerre de 1871. L’histoire de la Défense est celle de la construction d’un quartier des affaires à Paris, et de la « conquête de l’Ouest », toujours inachevée aujourd’hui. C’est aussi celle d’une banlieue avalée par la modernisation de Paris dans la seconde partie du XXe siècle. Sa construction commence en 1958, avec l’inauguration du CNIT. A partir de 1965, la construction de nombreuses tours assez futuristes amène une révolution dans l’architecture française. En 1969, on commence les travaux de la station de RER. Au début des années 1970, la France connaît une période de mutation économique profonde et de croissance accélérée. La fin des travaux du RER qui relie les Champs-Élysées à la Défense en 3 minutes accélère l’essor du quartier. Mais entre 1974 et 1977, l’économie de la France est en crise et 90% des bureaux sont vides. La construction massive s’arrête et la Défense perd beaucoup d’argent. Les constructions ne reprendront qu’en 1983 sous la présidence de François Mitterrand. En 1989 l’inauguration de la Grande Arche dans le prolongement de l’axe des Champs-Élysées et de l’Arc de Triomphe vient consacrer la place de La Défense dans le Paris moderne. Les tours de la seconde génération ont remplacé celles de la première. LA DEFENSE AUJOURD’HUI Le quartier de la Défense est aujourd’hui considéré comme le « Wall Street » français. Il se trouve à cheval sur trois villes des Hauts de Seine (Puteaux, Courbevoie et Nanterre) et n’a pas fini d’évoluer. On y trouve aussi le plus grand centre commercial d’Ile de France : les Quatre Temps. Sur le parvis, on peut admirer en plus des tours ultra-modernes quelques statues d’art contemporain. Grande Arche de la Défense et CNIT L’ENQUETE La Défense n’est pas seulement la cité des affaires de Paris. Entre balade « artistique », visite de l’arche et shopping au centre commercial, vous allez découvrir un quartier étonnant. Point de départ ::: Métro : Grande Arche de la Défense Etape 1 ::: Rendez-vous sous la Grande Arche de la Défense . Cette arche fait 110 mètres de haut, c’est un exploit architectural. Elle a été construite en 1989 par Johan Otto von Spreckelsen puis Paul Andreu. Plus de 150 000 employés y travaillent chaque jour. Vous êtes sous la Grande Arche de la Défense. La tour B appartient à un ministère français. Quel est-il ? ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Etape 2 ::: Toujours près de la Grande Arche vous allez apercevoir deux grandes tours qui se ressemblent . Pouvez-vous dire à quelle société elles appartiennent ? ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Etape 3 ::: Des ascenseurs montent sur le toit de la Grande Arche , le prix est de 6 € pour les étudiants. Vous pouvez aussi contempler la perspective depuis le haut des marches . D’en haut, vous pourrez voir « l’axe monumental ». C’est l’alignement de plusieurs monuments de Paris. Citez les monuments que vous voyez. ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Etape 4 ::: En redescendant, du haut des marches, vous pouvez apercevoir sur votre gauche, au pied de la tour Cegetel, une sculpture étonnante Que représente-t-elle ? ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Etape 5 ::: Descendez ensuite les escaliers et dirigez vous vers le bâtiment voûté, sur votre gauche. C’est le CNIT . (Centre des Nouvelles Industries et Technologies). Rentrez-y et décrivez ce que vous y voyez. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ A l’entrée, vous trouverez une plaque posée par terre. Lisez ce qui y est écrit. Pouvez-vous alors dire qu’elle est la particularité architecturale du bâtiment ? ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ Etape 6 ::: Sortez du CNIT et allez sur votre gauche. Continuez à descendre l’esplanade de la Défense . Vous arrivez à un bâtiment à l’architecture étrange sur votre gauche. Pouvez-vous dire ce que c’est et quel est son nom ? _______________________________________________________________________________ Etape 7 ::: Toujours sur la droite et derrière le bâtiment, vous allez voir une tour imposante . L’architecte qui a construit cette tour s’est inspiré du film « 2001, Odyssée de l’espace » de Stanley Kubrick. Quelle est la couleur de cette tour et qu’en pensez-vous par rapport au reste du paysage ? ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Etape 8 ::: Plus loin, vous trouverez « info Défense ». C’est un espace d’exposition où l’on trouve un maximum de renseignements sur les lieux. Rendez-vous à l’intérieur pour prendre des renseignements. Saurez-vous maintenant trouver, non loin, où est la statue de la Défense de Paris, qui a donné son nom au quartier ? ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Etape 9 ::: Prenez ensuite la voie des sculpteurs , qui longe l’esplanade sur la droite. Vous allez voir les tours une à une, et remarquer que chacune appartient à de grandes entreprises françaises et internationales. Citez en plusieurs noms. ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Etape 10 ::: Sur le trajet, vous allez voir des sculptures complètements différentes du paysage. Il y en a deux en forme de cylindre. Expliquez pourquoi elles semblent se démarquer. ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Point final ::: Métro : Esplanade de la Défense .
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