Catalogue of PALAEARCTIC DIPTERA Syrphidae - Con opi da e Volume A.Soós (Editor) LPapp (Assistant Editor) AKADÉMIAIKIADÓ-BUDAPEST CATALOGUE OF PALAEARCTIC DIPTERA Board of Editors E. P. Nartshuk. L. Papp, Prof. R. Rozkosny, H. Schumann. À. Soós. V. F. Zaitzev VOLUME 8: SYRPHIDAE — CONOPIDAE 1988. 363 pp. +1 map VOLUME 1: Trichoceridae — Nymphomyiidae VOLUME 2: Psychodidae — Chironomidae, in preparation VOLUME 3: Ceratopogonidae — Mycetophilidae, 1988 VOLUME 4: Sciaridae — Anisopodidae, 1986 VOLUME 5: Athericidae — Asilidae, 1988 VOLUME 6: Therevidae — Empididae, in preparation VOLUME 7: Dolichopodidae — Platypezidae, in preparation VOLUME 8: Syrphidae — Conopidae, 1988 VOLUME 9: Micropezidae — Agromyzidae, 1984 VOLUME 10: Clusiidae — Chloropidae, 1984 VOLUME 11: Scathophagidae — Hypodermatidae, 1986 VOLUME 12: Calliphoridae — Sarcophagidae, 1986 VOLUME 13: Anthomyiidae — Tachinidae VOLUME 14. Index to volumes 1-13 CATALOGUE OF PALAEARCTIC DIPTERA VOLUME 8 SYRPHIDAE — CONOPIDAE Editor Ä. SOÔS Zoological Department Hungarian Natural History Museum Budapest, Hungary Assistant Editor L. PAPP Zoological Department Hungarian Natural History Museum Budapest, Hungary 1828. H AKADÉMIAI KIADÓ • BUDAPEST 1988 ISBN 963 05 3910 1 (Series) ISBN 963 05 4621 3 (Vol. 8) Joint edition published by Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, Hungary and Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands © Akademiai Kiado, Budapest 1988 Printed in Hungary by Akademiai Kiad6 es Nyomda Vallalat Contents* Explication to distribution 6 Authors and their addresses (Vol. 8) 9 Families Syrphidae (L. V. PECK) 11 Pipunculidae (V. N. TANASIJTSHUK) 230 Conopidae (M. CHVALA and K. G. V. SMITH) 245 Bibliography 273 Index 327 * Ail general information concerning the Catalogue is. to be found on pages 7-15 of Volume 9, which was the first volume published in the series. The deadline of the manuscripts of the present volume was 31 December, 1982. In exceptional cases some papers of fundamental nomenclatorial or taxonomical importance have also been listed, but no new taxa published after 1982. 6 CATALOGUE OF PALAEARCTIC DIPTERA Explication to distribution Merely for the unalterable circumstance that the South-Southeastern Asian as well as the North African borders of the Palaearctic Region have already been "defined" in the Oriental and Afrotropical Catalogues, they have to be accepted here also, namely in Central Asia the western and northern borders of Pakistan, then the High Himalayas (excluding Nepal) and Northern Latitude 30° in China and Japan; in North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula the border extends in the Sahara along the Tropic of Cancer and joins southwestern confines of Pakistan. When listing detailed distribution data, the following divisions and abbreviations are used:* Europe (excl. Soviet Union) A — Austria H — Hungary AL — Albania I — Italy B — Belgium IRE — Ireland BG — Bulgaria IS — Iceland CH — Switzerland L — Luxembourg CS — Czechoslovakia M — Malta CY — Cyprus N — Norway D — German Federal Republic NL — Netherlands DDR — German Democratic Republic P — Portugal DK — Denmark PL — Poland E — Spain R — Roumania F — France S — Sweden FL — Lichtenstein SF — Finland GB — Great Britain TR — Turkey GR — Greece YU , — Yugoslavia * Remarks. 1. Ireland. The Irish island is considered as a geographic unit and thus both the Irish Free State and the U.K. Northern Ireland appear under the abbreviation IRE. 2. If the name Berlin is used as a type-locality or a distribution point, it is written without any attributes. 3. As type-localities or distribution points, the names Palaestina or Palestine are similarly entered in these forms. When, in the case of actual locality names it can be ascertained that they lie in Israel or in Jordan they are listed under the name of the respective country. The same consideration applies to Jerusalem as to Berlin. 60° 70° 80° 90° 100° 110° 120° 130° K0° -4 8 CATALOGUE OF PALAEARCTIC DIPTERA Soviet Union (see map) NET— North European territory, north of 60° NL (Rs: Russian SFSR) CET— Central European territory, limited 60° NL in the north and by 50° in the south (Est: Estonian SSR, La: Latvian SSR, Li: Lithuanian SSR, Rs: Russian SFSR, By: Byelorussian SSR, Uk: Ukrainian SSR) SET— South European territory, south of 50° NL (Rs: Russian SFSR, Uk: Ukrainian SSR, Mo: Moldavian SSR) up to the watershed of the main ridge of the Caucasus and bordered by the Kazakh SSR TC— Transcaucasus, south of the main ridge of the Caucasus (Ge: Georgian SSR, Az: Azerbaijan SSR, Arm: Armenian SSR) K£— Kazakh SSR SMA— Soviet Middle Asia. Uz: Uzbek SSR, Tj: Tajik SSR, Ki: Kirghiz SSR, Tu: Turkmen SSR WS— West Siberia, limited by the watershed of the Urals in the west, by the border of the Kazakh SSR in the south, by the river Yenisei in the east (in the southeast by the river Bol'shoy Yenisei) ES— East Siberia, limited by the river Yenisei in the west and by the border of the Magadan and Khabarovsk regions (oblast) in the Russian SFSR FE— Far East, limited by the border of the Magadan and Khabarovsk regions of the Russian SFSR in. tile west (incl. Kamchatka,-Sakhalin, Kuril Is.) Asia (excl. Soviet Union);, Arab states (N of the. Tropic:of Cancer): Lebanon, Syria, Jordan,Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Arabian Emirates, Oman; Israel, Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, Mongolia, Korea, China N of 30° NL, Japan N of 30° NL North Africa (N of the Tropic of Cancer): Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt Azores, Madeira, Canary Is. The whole entry concerning valid species which at the present state of information do not occur within the boundaries of the Palaearctic Region as defined above but with records known from its confines [e.g. the Cape Verde Islands, Northern Mauritania, the Sahara region south of the Tropic af Cancer, the two Yemens, Oman (south), Saudi Arabia (south), Nepal, or China and Japan south of 30° NL] is given in square brackets. For such species detailed distribution data are entered. This volume 8 of the Catalogue contains 149 valid genera, 36 subgenera, 1919 species and 28 subspecies assigned to 3 families. Further 141 synonymous generic and 1298 specific names, together with nearly 200 emendations, errors, mis- identifications, nomina dubia and doubtful genera and species are listed. AUTHORS AND THEIR ADDRESSES 9 Authors and their addresses (Vol. 8) M. CHVALA Katedra Systematicke Zoologie, Pfirodovedecke Faculty University Karlovy, Vinicna 7, 128 44 Praha 2, Czechoslovakia Conopidae (jointly with K. G. V. SMITH) L. V. PECK Biological Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Kirghiz SSR, Leninsky prospect 265, 720 071 Frunze, Kirghizia, USSR Syrphidae K. G. V. SMITH British Museum (Natural History), Department of Entomology, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, England Conopidae (jointly with M. CHVALA) V. N. TANASIJTSHUK Zoological Institute, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 199 034 Leningrad, USSR Pipunculidae Family Syrphidae By L. V. PECK Flies of the family Syrphidae, commonly known as "hover flies" or "flower flies", are one of the largest groups of Diptera, with over 5000 described species. Their sizes range from medium to large (4-25 mm). The adult syrphids frequently have a black and yellow coloration: the thorax bears yellow or orange stripes or other marking, and the tergites are ornamented with more or less conspicuous white, yellow or orange lunules, spots or bands; sometimes they are entirely black or dark (e.g., Cheilosia and Pipizelld). Many syrphid flies (e.g., in the genera Eristalis, Helophilus, Merodon and Volucella) have a striking mimetic resemblance to bees and bumble-bees while others (e.g., in the genera Syrphus s.l. and Chrysoioxum) to wasps. Syrphidae are easily recognized by the special venation of the wing: basal cells are long, apical cells are closed and spurious longitudinal vein (vena spuria) is present (except Graplomyza). Eggs about 1 mm long, white in colour and elongate-oval in shape, with reticulate pattern on shell (chorion). The patterns of the sculpturing vary somewhat in different species. In the species with carnivorous larvae the eggs are usually laid singly among or near the prey, but in the genera Melanostoma and Platycheirus a few eggs are laid side by side in little groups of four or five. Species whose larvae have other feeding habits usually deposit the eggs in masses on or near larval habitat. Larvae and puparium are distinguished by the contiguous posterior spiracular tubes. Feeding- habits of the larvae of Syrphidae are varied. Larvae of most species in the subfamily Syrphinae are important natural enemies of aphids, scale insects, and other small, soft-bodied insects. The phytophagous larvae of Cheilosia feed in the stems and roots of various plants, also in fungi, those of Eumerus and Merodon feed in the bulbs of Liliaceae, Amaryllidaceae and Iridaceae. The larvae of Brachyopa are feeders on the sap oozing from injured trees. The larvae of the vast majority of species in the subfamily Milesiinae are generally saprophagous in many kinds of aquatic and semi-aquatic situations: some living in damp or wet rot-holes of trees (e.g., Xylota, Mallota and Pocota), others in dung (e.g. Rhingid) or in foul water or liquid manure (e.g. Eristalis, Helophilus), others obtaining oxygen from the roots of submerged plants (Chrysogaster). The larvae of Volucella live as scavengers in nests of bees and wasps, while mollusc-like larvae of Microdon are associated with ants' nests. None of the hover flies are pests except for a few species of Eristalis that occasionally cause human myiasis and a few species of Eumerus and Merodon that damage bulbs of cultivated plants. Puparium usually pear-shaped and streamlined in the aphidophagous species, and more barrel- shaped in other forms. Adult hover flies frequent various flowers and they are of great value in pollinating economically important plants. Syrphid flies are world-wide in distribution. A total of 120 genera, and 1590 species are known from the Palaearctic Region. In the present Catalogue three subfamilies are recognized following VOCKEROTH (1969); the arrangement of tribes and genera follows that of VOCKEROTH (1969) for the Syrphinae, and THOMPSON (1972) and HIPPA (1978) for the Milesiinae.