(12) United States Patent (1O) Patent No.: US 7,805,276 B1 Byers Et Al
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(12) United States Patent (1o) Patent No.: US 7,805,276 B1 Byers et al. (45) Date of Patent: Sep. 28, 2010 (54) IMPACT DETECTION SYSTEM 4,770,527 A 9/1988 Park 4,939,407 A 7/1990 Goo et al. (75) Inventors: Terry Byers, League City, TX (US); 4,975,616 A 12/1990 Park Frank L. Gibbons, Houston, TX (US); 5,089,741 A 2/1992 Park et al. Eric L. Christiansen, Houston, TX (US) 5,195,046 A 3/1993 Gerardietal. 5,447,315 A 9/1995 Perkins (73) Assignee: The United States of America as 5,911,158 A 6/1999 Henderson et al. represented by the Administrator of 6,551,205 131 * 4/2003 Koelzer et al . .............. 473/454 the National Aeronautics and Space 6,664,716 132 12/2003 Cuhat et al. Administration, Washington, DC (US) 6,700,314 132 3/2004 Cuhat et al. 6,998,759 132 2/2006 Lee et al. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 2003/0001462 Al* 1/2003 Lee et al . .................... 310/365 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 2006/0053534 Al* 3/2006 Mullen .......................... 2/456 U.S.C. 154(b) by 422 days. FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (21) Appl. No.: 11/958,937 JP 62106334 A 5/1987 JP 1223935 A 9/1989 (22) Filed: Dec. 18, 2007 (51) Int. Cl. * cited by examiner GOIC 9100 (2006.01) Primary Examiner Sujoy K Kundu GOIC 17/00 (2006.01) (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm Theodore U. Ro (52) U.S. Cl . ......................... 702/150; 702/35; 702/141; 702/149; 73/1.39; 73/583; 310/311; 310/334; (57) ABSTRACT 310/364; 473/454 (58) Field of Classification Search ................... 702/35, In an embodiment, an apparatus and method capable of deter- 702/141, 149, 150; 73/1.39, 583; 310/311, mining the time and location of a projectile's impact is dis- 310/334, 364; 473/454 closed. In another embodiment, an apparatus and method See application file for complete search history. capable of determining the time and location of a projectile's (56) References Cited impact as well as the direction from whence the projectile came is disclosed. U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 2,944,250 A 7/1960 Outt 2 Claims, 6 Drawing Sheets 11_ 13 12 42 43 40 ------------------------------ T ---------- ._. 10 NT° S ° Patem t Sep,20,2010 Sheet Ief 6 US 7805,276 BI -------------------------------------------------------- / 14 / 1^ / '/ / 1^ / ^ ! /41/ / / . / ^^ -ru^^ / . ^v^^ ^ | + ___-_______-_-__-_--___-_----______-_ ___--_-_--^ f- UU U.S. Patent Sep. 28, 2010 Sheet 2 of 6 US 7,805,276 B1 21 19 FIG. 3A 34 30 24 ----29 3 35,E 14 1 38 50 39 26 57 FIG. 4A FIG. 4B U.S. Patent Sep. 28,2010 Sheet 3 of 6 US 7,805,276 BI LOU-,) C7 cn C\l co C\l U-^ co cn co L 7- L 14 b uu. co cq CIO m LO LO CD m cy') T— U.S. Patent Sep. 28, 2010 Sheet 4 of 6 US 7,805,276 B1 I 45 aQ 44 FIG. 5 U.S. Patent Sep. 28,2010 Sheet 5 of 6 US 7,805,276 BI 00 Itzr mi. F 11 to 0 u- E (n 0 to U.S. Patent Sep. 28, 2010 Sheet 6 of 6 US 7,805,276 B1 co cra I LO m m clv LO I'N- d u- © cv crj o cs^ Q0 c0 US 7,805,276 B1 1 2 IMPACT DETECTION SYSTEM parrying drawings, in which embodiments of the apparatus are shown. This apparatus may, however, be embodied in ORIGIN OF THE INVENTION many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodi- The invention described herein was made in the perfor- 5 ments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough mance of work under a NASA contract and is subject to the and complete and will fully convey the scope of the method to provisions of Section 305 of the National Aeronautics and those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like elements Space Act of 1958, Public Law 85-568 (72 Star. 435; 42 throughout. U.S.C. 2457). Referring to the drawings, particularly FIGS.1 and 2, there io is shown an embodiment of an impact detection system 10 of BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION predetermined physical configuration. In a specific embodi- ment, the impact detection system 10 is capable of determin- The present apparatus and methods for use relate generally ing the time and location of a projectile's impact. In another to an impact detection system. More specifically, the present embodiment, the impact detection system is capable of deter- apparatus and methods for use relate to an impact detection 15 mining the time and location of a projectile's impact as well system for use on a variety of different structures, such as for as the direction from whence the projectile came. In still example: a spacecraft, aircraft, roof of a building, etc. Still another embodiment, the impact detection system 10 is com- more specifically, the present apparatus and methods for use prised of a cover 11 and a communications and control sub- relate to a system for measuring a physical force applied to a system 12. piezoelectric panel array coupled with a communications and 20 control subsystem. Cover With continued reference to FIG. 1, in an embodiment, the SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION cover 11 is formed into a rectangular shape and is comprised of at least one panel 13. Preferably, the cover 11 is comprised The present apparatus and methods for use is summarized of a plurality of panels 13 formed in an array 14, wherein each as a plurality of piezoelectric panels configured in an array, 25 panel 13 is capable of sensing a physical impact on the cover whereby the array of panels are arranged in a cover assembly, 11 by a projectile, such as the projectile 44 illustrated in FIG. and whereby the array of panels are coupled with a commu- 5. A prof ectile 44 can include a variety of potential items, such nications and control subsystem. as for example: random debris, hail, military projectiles, bur- While the present apparatus and methods for use will be glary tools, vehicles, or micrometeoroids. In another embodi- described in connection with presently described embodi- 30 ment, the cover 11 is comprised of at least one panel 13 and a ments, it will be understood that it is not intended to limit the self-sealing section 58. The cover 11 is preferably used in invention to those described embodiments. On the contrary, it combination with a predefined object 47 (e.g., a vehicle, is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and building, wall, etc.) wherein the cover 11 is placed in proxi- equivalents included within the spirit of the apparatus and 35 mate relationship with the predefined object 47. Multiple methods for use and as defined in the appended claims. embodiments are available in regards to placing the cover 11 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS in proximate relationship with the predefined object 47. The cover 11 may or may not be firmly adhered to the predefined FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the object 47. In one such embodiment, the cover 11 is uniformly present apparatus, which includes an array as well as a com- adhered to the surface of the object 47. In another embodi- munications and control subsystem. 40 ment, the cover 11 is attached to the object 47, but in a FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the non-uniform manner. In still another embodiment, the cover present apparatus applied to a spacecraft. 11 is enclosed in a fabric material wherein the fabric material FIG. 3A is a top view of an embodiment of a sensing film is attached to the object 47. Further, the shape of the cover 11 layer associated with the present apparatus that illustrates the may be designed based on a specific application and is thus, 45 incorporation of pixels in a predetermined pattern. not limited to a rectangular shape. FIG. 3B is an exploded side view of an embodiment of a Panel panel, associated with the present apparatus, that illustrates a As stated supra, the cover 11 may be comprised of at least plurality of panel layers. one panel 13 and preferably, a plurality of panels 13 formed in FIG. 4A is a top view of an embodiment of a power grid 5o an array. The cover 11 may also be comprised of a plurality of sheet associated with the present apparatus that illustrates panel layers or array layers, which will be described in more longitudinal and latitudinal wires as well as conductive rings. detail, infra. Each panel 13 is designed in accordance with a FIG. 4B is a top view of an embodiment of an array of particular application and therefore, its dimensions are scale- interconnected power grid sheets thereby illustrating a power able depending on the specific requirements for a particular grid. 55 application. Further, each panel's shape is also designed in FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a cover accordance with a particular application. With specific refer- incorporating a plurality of sensing film layers to determine ence to FIG. 313, in an embodiment, each panel 13 is com- the direction of a projectile's impact on the cover. prised of a plurality of layers.