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Taxonomy of Biebersteinia Stephan in Flora of Iraq Sirwan Hassan Salih Biology Department, College of Education, University of Garmian, Iraq-Kurdistan

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Taxonomy of Biebersteinia Stephan in Flora of Iraq Sirwan Hassan Salih Biology Department, College of Education, University of Garmian, Iraq-Kurdistan Annals of Plant Sciences 8.12 (2019) pp. 3660-3664 Research Article Taxonomy of Biebersteinia Stephan in Flora of Iraq Sirwan Hassan Salih Biology Department, College of Education, University of Garmian, Iraq-Kurdistan. Abstract: Biebersteinia Stephan perennial herbs, distributed in mountainous and semi-arid areas, has five species, in Iraq comprise one species (B. multifida), morphological characters of plant parts were investigated, description and detailed figures were given. The geographical distribution was mapped. Previous plant checklists and studies were checked, given taxonomic status of the genus was studied showed many changes accrued in its taxonomic position until it settled in a family Biebersteiniaceae. A comprehensive study of literature, herbaria and preceding checklists has been conducted. Key words: Plant Taxonomy, Biebersteinia Stephan, Iraq. Introduction Biebersteinia Stephan is a predominantly Asiatic those of Geraniaceae (Link, 1990). Locally in Iraq genus comprising five species B. multifida, B. Biebersteinia has only one species is Biebersteinia heterostemon, B. odorant, B. orphanidis and B. multifida. leiosepala (Knuth 1912), distributed in mountainous, semi-arid areas of central and Materials and Methods western Asia to the eastern Mediterranean, Specimens of Biebersteina multifida DC, were Although described by Stephan (Stephan F. collected during the spring of 2016 and 2017 in 1806), Endlicher (1841) was changed it to a MSU districts. Materials which depended as data family position. This was the start of various for this study are herbaria specimens of Iraqi changes to the genus. It was then placed major herbaria {Baghdad, Iraqi National in Geraniaceae by Boissier (1867), and changed herbarium (BAG), herbarium of Baghdad- by different botanists including Knuth (1912), university, college of Science (BUH), Baghdad - Thorne(1992),Cronquist (1981,), Dahlgren (1989) College of Agriculture (BAH) and Arbil- and Takhtajan (1987 and 1997). Bortenschlager University of Salahaddin, College of Science (1967) studied the pollen morphology of (AUH)}, field trips, plant checklists and some Biebersteinia, and suggested the genus must be Floras such as: Flora of Syria (1932); Flora Iranica described as a family near the Potentillae of Rechinger (1964); Flora of Turkey Davis et al., Rosacea. (1982). Geographical distribution was made by aid of prepared maps (figure 1), the species was Molecular phylogenetic studies have given it photographed in their natural habitats (figure 2). a basal position within Sapindales (Muellner, Microcharacters have taken with aid of a 2007). It was placed in its monogeneric family compound microscope (Sony) and dissecting Biebersteiniaceae (APG, 2009; Muellner, 2011). microscope (Olympus). Pollen grains were Morphologically Biebersteinia is related closely to prepared for light microscopy (LM) by using the Sapindales more than to Geraniales, because of standard method described by Erdtman (1969), the Biebersteinia have diplostemonous flower, pollens were investigated by Seizz microscope, compound leaves, a, and one ovule in each under E40x, E100x with 10x eyepiece and locule. However, the phanerotherothetic- photographed (figure 2) by digital camera discoid nectaies in Biebersteinia are similar to (SONY). *Corresponding Author: Prof. Sirwan Hassan Salih, Biology Department, College of Education, University of Garmian, Iraq-Kurdistan. E-mail: [email protected] http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/aps.2019.8.12.1 Page | 3660 Sirwan Hassan Salih, Annals of Plant Sciences 8.12 (2019) pp. 3660-3664 Figure 1: distribution map of Biebersteinia multifida with physiographic regions and districts of Iraq. F - UPPER PLAINS AND FOOTHILLS REGION M - MOUNTAIN REGION FUJ- Upper Jaziera District MAM - Amadiya District FNI- Nieneveh District MRO - Rowanduz District FAR- Arbil District MSU - Sulaimani District FKI- Kirkuk District MJS - Jabal Singar District FPF- Persian District D - LOWER PLATEAU REGION L - LOWER MESOPOTAMIAN REGIO DLJ - Lower Jaziera District LEA- Eastern Alluvial Plain District DGA- Ghurfa - Adhaim District LCA- Central Alluvial Plain District DWD - Western Desert District LSM- Southern Marsh District DSD- Southern Desert District LBA- Basra Estuarine District http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/aps.2019.8.12.1 Page| 3661 Sirwan Hassan Salih, Annals of Plant Sciences 8.12 (2019) pp. 3660-3664 Figure 2: Plant parts of Biebersteinia multifida: a, ventral and dorsal view of seeds c, mericarp; d, pollens (polar view); d, pollens (equatorial view); e, leave; f, inflorescence; g, root; h, plant as all; i, plant in natural habitat Results and Discussions Morphology: Biebersteinia Steph., Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. Ed. 2, Biebersteina Stephan: Perennial herbs, bear stiff 1: 89, tab. 9 (1806). Bentham and Hooker, Genera glandular-capitate hairs. Leaves caulian Plantarum. 1:271 (1862); Bossier, Flora Oriental's. alternate, 3 pinnatisect, stipulate. Flowers 1: 899-900 (1867). Knuth, Geraniaceae in Engler, hermaphrodite (bisexual), hypogenous, Das Pflanzernriech. 4: 129: 546-549 (1912). Post, actinomprphic, paniculate or ± spicate; calyx Flora Syria Palestine and Sinai. 1: 264 (1932); persistent, 5 sepals, distinct, imbricate; corolla 5 Vvedenskij, Biebersteinia in Flora URSS. 14: 74-76 distinct petals, imbricate. Inflorescences (1949). Rechinger, Flora Iranica. 98/ 63-64 (1972); terminal, lax panicle, bracteate, few flowered, Davis, Flora of Turkey. 2: 451 (1967); Tutin, Flora bracts usually two. Stamens 10 in 2 whorls, Europaea 2: 204 (1985). shortly connate at base, all fertile, nectiferous http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/aps.2019.8.12.1 Page| 3662 Sirwan Hassan Salih, Annals of Plant Sciences 8.12 (2019) pp. 3660-3664 glands 5, usually alternate to petals. Pistil 1, 5 Hausskn. ex Bornm., Beih. Bot. Centrbl. 27, 2: 323 lobed; ovary deeply 5-lobed, superior, 5 locules, (1910). placentation exile; ovules 1 in each locule, Flowering period: April – Jun. superposed, anatropous, pendulous; style short, Habitat: Rocky Mountain. gynobasic; stigma 5 legulate. Fruits not beaked, 5 Type: Persia, Michaux. hard nutlets, seeds pendulous, endosperm thin, embryo mostly curved. Morphology: Perennial herbs, 32-65cm. Roots swollen tuber. Stem erect, branched. Leaves Taxonomic Status: cauline, 3 pinnatesect, lacinae linear, 4-22 x 3.5- Stephan (1806) positioned Biebersteinia between 11cm; leaflets 23-45 in number, 1.7-5.8x1.2-4.5cm; Grielum L. (Neuradaceae) and Suriana L. petiole 0.3-1.2cm. Inflorescence lax panicle; (Simaroubaceae) when establishing the genus. peduncle 0.5-3.7cm; pedicel 4.2-12.4 mm, bracts Endlicher (1841) who raised Biebersteinia to a 4-3 x 3.4-10.7 mm. Flower actinomorphic, family status for the first time but Hooker (1875) alternately spiral arrangement, usually the treated it as a tribe in Potentillae in the Rosaceae. pedicels, length decreased acropetally, the However, Boissier (1867) included it as a genus number of flowers 8-38 in each inflorescence; of Geraniaceae. Knuth (1912) and Takhtajan sepals 5,3-12 x 4-9.5 mm, awnless, hardened (1987) recognized this genus as a family close to fruit; petal 3.5-7 x 2.2-4.5mm, apex lobed or Geraniaceae. Bakker et al. (1998) qualified its dentate, yellow; stamens 10, all fertile; pistil 1; family status and implicated strong affiliation ovary deeply 5 lobed with short gynobasic style; with Sapindales based on the molecular data nectar gland 5. Fruits not beaked included 5 hard which agreed with Angiosperm Phylogen Group nutlets; seeds surface reticulate. Pollen grains (APG, 1998) in their new angiosperm ordinal monad, isopolar, symmetrical, polar axis (P) system. Morphologically Biebersteinia is related 31µm, equatorial diameter (E) 28 µm. more closely to Sapindales than to Geraniales (Link, 1990). All previous studies in Iraq have Geographical Distribution: treated this genus with the family Geraniaceae Biebersteinia multifida distributes in Kurdistan however the latest taxonomic studies (APG, region-Iraq, found in high elevation mountain 1998) which rely on genetic studies treated this (900-1500 m) and growing in rocky soils. The genus in an independent family is plants distributed in groups of limited Biebersteiniaceae. individuals, Fattah (2003) referred to its distribution in Haibat Sultan mt. (MSU), Faris Biebersteinia multifida DC., 1: 708 (1824). (1983) indicated to its distribution in Bossier, Flora Oriental's. 1: 890-900 (1867); Post, Peramagroon mountain (MSU), Rechinger (Flora Flora of Syria Palestine and Sinai. 1: 264 (1932); Iranica 1972) mentioned their spread in MRO Zohary, The Flora of Iraq and its and MSU districts. Through the survey and field Phytogeographical Subdivision. 97 (1946); Jaub trips the study found it spread in Azmer and Spach, Ill. Pl. Or. 2: 112, 191 (1844-1846); Fl. mountain (MSU). Azerb. 6: t. 6 (1955); Rechinger, Flora Iranica. 98/ 1: 63-64 (1972); Davis, Flora of Turkey. 2: 451 Conclusion (1967). Such studies require a comprehensive survey of Syn.: B. aucheri Jaub. and Spach, Ann. Scienc. all regions and districts for finding species Nat. Ser. 3, Bot. 6: 140 (1846); Ill. Pl. Or. 2: 109 et distribution that to determine the geographical 110, tab. 190 (1847). B. brachepetala Jaub. and distribution, as well as need genetic studies to Spach, Ann. Scienc. Nat. Ser. 3. Bot. 6: 141 (1846); accurately identify the origin of the species also I ll. Pl. Or. 2: 109 et 113, tab. 192-A (1847). B. need electron microscope investigation to study ambigua Jaub. and Spach, Ann. Scienc. Nat. Ser. the pollen grains to find out sculpture and the 3.
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