DOCSLIB.ORG

Components of Reproductive Isolation Between the Monkeyflowers Mimulus Lewisii and M. Cardinalis (Phrymaceae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Components of Reproductive Isolation Between the Monkeyflowers Mimulus Lewisii and M. Cardinalis (Phrymaceae) Evolution, 57(7), 2003, pp. 1520±1534 COMPONENTS OF REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION BETWEEN THE MONKEYFLOWERS MIMULUS LEWISII AND M. CARDINALIS (PHRYMACEAE) JUSTIN RAMSEY,1,2,3 H. D. BRADSHAW,JR.,1,4 AND DOUGLAS W. SCHEMSKE1,5 1Biology Department, Box 355325, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 2E-mail: [email protected] 4E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Evolutionists have long recognized the role of reproductive isolation in speciation, but the relative con- tributions of different reproductive barriers are poorly understood. We examined the nature of isolation between Mimulus lewisii and M. cardinalis, sister species of monkey¯owers. Studied reproductive barriers include: ecogeo- graphic isolation; pollinator isolation (pollinator ®delity in a natural mixed population); pollen competition (seed set and hybrid production from experimental interspeci®c, intraspeci®c, and mixed pollinations in the greenhouse); and relative hybrid ®tness (germination, survivorship, percent ¯owering, biomass, pollen viability, and seed mass in the greenhouse). Additionally, the rate of hybridization in nature was estimated from seed collections in a sympatric population. We found substantial reproductive barriers at multiple stages in the life history of M. lewisii and M. cardinalis. Using range maps constructed from herbarium collections, we estimated that the different ecogeographic distributions of the species result in 58.7% reproductive isolation. Mimulus lewisii and M. cardinalis are visited by different pollinators, and in a region of sympatry 97.6% of pollinator foraging bouts were speci®c to one species or the other. In the greenhouse, interspeci®c pollinations generated nearly 50% fewer seeds than intraspeci®c controls. Mixed pollinations of M. cardinalis ¯owers yielded .75% parentals even when only one-quarter of the pollen treatment consisted of M. cardinalis pollen. In contrast, both species had similar siring success on M. lewisii ¯owers. The observed 99.915% occurrence of parental M. lewisii and M. cardinalis in seeds collected from a sympatric population is nearly identical to that expected, based upon our ®eld observations of pollinator behavior and our laboratory experiments of pollen competition. F1 hybrids exhibited reduced germination rates, high survivorship and reproduction, and low pollen and ovule fertility. In aggregate, the studied reproductive barriers prevent, on average, 99.87% of gene ¯ow, with most reproductive isolation occurring prior to hybrid formation. Our results suggest that ecological factors resulting from adaptive divergence are the primary isolating barriers in this system. Additional studies of taxa at varying degrees of evolutionary divergence are needed to identify the relative importance of pre- and postzygotic isolating mechanisms in speciation. Key words. Ecological isolation, hybridization, Mimulus, pollen competition, pollinator isolation, reproductive iso- lation, speciation. Received August 16, 2001. Accepted January 27, 2003. Biologists disagree on the conditions that are necessary behavioral differences between species and postzygotic bar- and suf®cient to delimit related taxa as different species. It riers of hybrid inviability, hybrid sterility, and F2 breakdown has been suggested, for example, that species boundaries (Dobzhansky 1937; Mayr 1942). should be established by the existence of reproductive bar- A variety of reproductive barriers contribute to total iso- riers (biological species concept; Coyne et al. 1988), the na- lation in most taxa (Dobzhansky 1937; Mayr 1947, 1963; ture of phylogenetic relationships between taxa (phylogenetic Coyne 1992; Schluter 2001; Price and Bouvier 2002). Mayr species concept; Nixon and Wheeler 1990), or trait differ- (1947) speculated that ecological isolation, sexual differenc- ences that are consistent and easy to observe (taxonomic es, and low hybrid ®tness contribute to the isolation of many species concept; Cronquist 1978). In spite of these arguments, species pairs, yet studies of isolating mechanisms generally most evolutionists agree that reproductive isolation plays a target one or a few barriers to gene ¯ow without reference key role in the formation and maintenance of species in na- to other components of isolation. For example, intrinsic post- ture. Dobzhansky (1937) identi®ed a number of factors that zygotic barriers have been the subject of considerable atten- function to limit gene ¯ow between related taxa. In general, tion because of their ease of study in the laboratory, but it traits conferring reproductive isolation are thought to evolve is not known if these reproductive barriers evolve before or in allopatry by conventional processes of drift and selec- after speciation is complete (Schemske 2000). By contrast, tionÐtheir function in speciation is incidental. In some cases, ecogeographic isolation is rarely included as a component of however, prezygotic barriers may evolve speci®cally to pre- reproductive isolation, yet genetically based differences in vent the formation of un®t hybrids (reinforcement; Dob- habitat preference are well known (Clausen et al. 1940) and zhansky 1937; Noor 1997). Reproductive barriers are clas- may often reduce opportunities for hybrid formation. si®ed according to their timing in the life history, and include The relative contribution of pre- and postzygotic barriers prezygotic mechanisms such as ecogeographic, temporal, and is unknown, as is the degree to which diverse types of pre- zygotic barriers function to isolate species (Coyne and Orr 3 Present address: Department of Botany, University of Guelph, 1998; Schemske 2000). Here we estimate stage-speci®c and Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada; E-mail: [email protected]. cumulative contributions of different reproductive barriers 5 Present address: Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, and W. K. Kellogg Bi- between Mimulus lewisii and M. cardinalis (Phrymaceae; ological Station 3700 E. Gull Lake Drive, Hickory Corners, Mich- Beardsley and Olmstead 2002), sister species of monkey- igan 49060-9516; E-mail: [email protected]. ¯owers (Beardsley et al. 2003). In sequential order of their 1520 q 2003 The Society for the Study of Evolution. All rights reserved. REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION IN MIMULUS 1521 life-history stages, we calculated the degree of reproductive cent phylogenetic analyses indicate that the genus Mimulus isolation between M. lewisii and M. cardinalis caused by should be included in a new family, the Phrymaceae. This ecogeographic isolation, pollinator ®delity, pollen competi- family is named after the monotypic genus Phryma (from tion, and F1 hybrid ®tness (seed germination, seedling sur- eastern North America) and in addition to Mimulus includes vival, adult reproduction, and fertility). We then combined six genera (Leucocarpus, Hemichaena, Berendtiella, Glos- these stage-speci®c measures following the methods pro- sostigma, Peplidium and Elacholoma) that are in the same posed by Coyne and Orr (1989) to estimate total reproductive major clade as Mimulus (Beardsley and Olmstead 2002). The isolation and the relative contribution of the studied barriers traditional placement of M. cardinalis and M. lewisii in sec- to total isolation. tion Erythranthe is well supported by the molecular analyses. This approach provides a quantitative assessment of the current barriers to gene ¯ow between populations and thus Ecogeographic Isolation motivates studies of the genetic basis of the primary isolating We determined the elevational and geographic distribution barriers in these species (Schemske and Bradshaw 1999). In of M. lewisii and M. cardinalis in California using herbarium addition, the estimated total reproductive isolation between specimens. Elevation data were obtained from 104 M. lewisii taxa provides a direct test of Mayr's biological species con- and 100 M. cardinalis collections, and 57 M. lewisii and 132 cept (Mayr 1942). The biological species concept has been M. cardinalis specimens were used for examining two-di- widely criticized by botanists (Mishler and Donoghue 1982; mensional (latitude, longitude) spatial distributions. No du- Raven 1986), yet to our knowledge no study has evaluated plicate specimens (individuals of the same species collected the key criterion of total reproductive isolation as would be at the same site) were included. Collection information was required to assess whether the biological species concept can used to determine the elevation, latitude, and longitude of be empirically applied in natural populations. A test of the the sampled populations. We compared the average elevation biological species concept is of particular interest in M. lew- of the species using a Mann-Whitney U-test, and calculated isii and M. cardinalis because Hiesey et al. (1971, p. 24) the degree of overlap in the species' elevational range. considered these taxa as ``a single biological species'' based We performed computer simulations to estimate the degree on the ease with which fertile F hybrids can be produced in 1 of ecogeographic isolation between M. lewisii and M. car- the laboratory. dinalis. For each iteration of the simulation, 100,000 virtual quadrats were assigned randomly over the combined geo- MATERIALS AND METHODS graphic distribution of the species. Within each quadrat the Mimulus lewisii and M. cardinalis are rhizomatous peren- simulations determined whether one or more M. lewisii and nial herbs found in moist seep, stream, and river habitats in one or more
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Components of Reproductive Isolation Between the Monkeyflowers Mimulus Lewisii and M
    Components of Reproductive Isolation between the Monkeyflowers Mimulus lewisii and M. cardinalis (Phrymaceae) Author(s): Justin Ramsey, H. D. Bradshaw, Jr., Douglas W. Schemske Source: Evolution, Vol. 57, No. 7 (Jul., 2003), pp. 1520-1534 Published by: Society for the Study of Evolution Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3448754 Accessed: 26/10/2008 21:43 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=ssevol. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Society for the Study of Evolution is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Evolution.
    [Show full text]
  • Palinotaxonomía De Scrophulariaceae Sensu Lato
    Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 51 (2) 2016 M. M. Sosa y C. R. Salgado - Palinotaxonomía de ScrophulariaceaeISSN sensu 0373-580 lato X Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 51 (2): 299-321. 2016 VALOR TAXONÓMICO DEL POLEN EN SCROPHULARIACEAE SENSU LATO MARÍA DE LAS MERCEDES SOSA1,3 y CRISTINA R. SALGADO2,3 Resumen: Este trabajo es el resultado del estudio palinomorfológico de 32 especies pertenecientes a 19 géneros de Scrophulariaceae sensu lato. Además se realizó un registro exhaustivo de la información bibliográfica existente sobre la morfología polínica con el objetivo de analizar las relaciones entre las variables palinológicas y la clasificación sistemática actual. Los granos de polen analizados son: mónades, radiosimétricos e isopolares, de tamaño variable desde pequeños (11 µm) hasta medianos (51 µm), predominantemente esferoidales (P/E= 1), a veces suboblatos (P/E= 0,76), oblato-esferoidales (P/E= 0,95), prolatos (P/E=1,63) y perprolatos (P/E= 2,63). Inaperturados, 3-(4-5) colpados, 3-(4-5) colporados, espiraperturados, 2-8 sincolpados, 3-diploporados y pantoporados. La exina puede ser semitectada (retipilada, reticulada o estriada perforada) y tectada (psilada, foveolada, perforada, escábrida, rugulada, verrugosa, granulada, estriada o equinulada). Se realizó un análisis estadístico en base a una matriz de datos, compuesta por los caracteres palinológicos de 32 especies estudiadas sumado a la recopilación bibliográfica de 140 géneros y 218 especies pertenecientes a Scrophulariaceae sensu lato. El análisis de agrupamiento (UPGMA), confirmó que las diferencias palinomorfológicas apoyan la clasificación sistemática actual. Palabras clave: Morfología del polen, sistemática, euripolínico, Scrophulariaceae. Summary: Taxonomic value of pollen in Scrophulariaceae sensu lato. This paper is result of a study of pollen morphology of 32 species belonging to 19 genera of Scrophulariaceae sensu lato.
    [Show full text]
  • Mimulus for All Monkeyflowers 2 3 Running Title: Mimulus for All Monkeyflowers 4 5 6 David B
    1 The case for the continued use of the genus name Mimulus for all monkeyflowers 2 3 Running Title: Mimulus for all monkeyflowers 4 5 6 David B. Lowry1*, James M. Sobel2, Amy L. Angert3, Tia-Lynn Ashman4, Robert L. Baker5, 7 Benjamin K. Blackman6, Yaniv Brandvain7, Kelsey J.R.P. Byers8, Arielle M. Cooley9, Jennifer 8 M. Coughlan10, Michele R. Dudash11, Charles B. Fenster11, Kathleen G. Ferris12, Lila Fishman13, 9 Jannice Friedman14, Dena L. Grossenbacher15, Liza M. Holeski16, Christopher T. Ivey17, 10 Kathleen M. Kay18, Vanessa A. Koelling19, Nicholas J. Kooyers20, Courtney J. Murren21, 11 Christopher D. Muir22, Thomas C Nelson13, Megan L. Peterson23, Joshua R. Puzey24, Michael C. 12 Rotter16, Jeffrey R. Seemann25, Jason P. Sexton26, Seema N. Sheth27, Matthew A. Streisfeld28, 13 Andrea L. Sweigart29, Alex D. Twyford30, Mario Vallejo-Marín31, John H. Willis32, Carrie A. 14 Wu33, Yao-Wu Yuan25 15 16 17 1Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA 18 2Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, NY 13902, 19 USA 20 3Departments of Botany and Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 21 1Z4, Canada 22 4Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA 23 5Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA 24 6Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 25 94720, USA 26 7Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108,
    [Show full text]
  • Lamiales – Synoptical Classification Vers
    Lamiales – Synoptical classification vers. 2.6.2 (in prog.) Updated: 12 April, 2016 A Synoptical Classification of the Lamiales Version 2.6.2 (This is a working document) Compiled by Richard Olmstead With the help of: D. Albach, P. Beardsley, D. Bedigian, B. Bremer, P. Cantino, J. Chau, J. L. Clark, B. Drew, P. Garnock- Jones, S. Grose (Heydler), R. Harley, H.-D. Ihlenfeldt, B. Li, L. Lohmann, S. Mathews, L. McDade, K. Müller, E. Norman, N. O’Leary, B. Oxelman, J. Reveal, R. Scotland, J. Smith, D. Tank, E. Tripp, S. Wagstaff, E. Wallander, A. Weber, A. Wolfe, A. Wortley, N. Young, M. Zjhra, and many others [estimated 25 families, 1041 genera, and ca. 21,878 species in Lamiales] The goal of this project is to produce a working infraordinal classification of the Lamiales to genus with information on distribution and species richness. All recognized taxa will be clades; adherence to Linnaean ranks is optional. Synonymy is very incomplete (comprehensive synonymy is not a goal of the project, but could be incorporated). Although I anticipate producing a publishable version of this classification at a future date, my near- term goal is to produce a web-accessible version, which will be available to the public and which will be updated regularly through input from systematists familiar with taxa within the Lamiales. For further information on the project and to provide information for future versions, please contact R. Olmstead via email at [email protected], or by regular mail at: Department of Biology, Box 355325, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Redefining Phrymaceae: the Placement of Mimulus, Tribe Mimuleae, and Phryma1
    American Journal of Botany 89(7): 1093±1102. 2002. REDEFINING PHRYMACEAE: THE PLACEMENT OF MIMULUS, TRIBE MIMULEAE, AND PHRYMA1 PAUL M. BEARDSLEY2 AND RICHARD G. OLMSTEAD Department of Botany, Box 355325, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 USA Chloroplast trnL/F and nuclear ribosomal ITS and ETS sequence data were used to analyze phylogenetic relationships among members of tribe Mimuleae (Scrophulariaceae) and other closely related families in Lamiales. The results of these analyses led to the following conclusions. (1) The Australian genera Glossostigma and Peplidium and the taxonomically isolated Phryma join four genera of tribe Mimuleae to form a well-supported clade that is distinct from other families in the Lamiales. We refer to that clade as the subfamily Phrymoideae. (2) The genera Mazus and Lancea (tribe Mimuleae) together form a well-supported clade that we recognize as the subfamily Mazoideae. Mazoideae is weakly supported as sister to Phrymoideae. We assign Mazoideae and Phrymoideae to a rede®ned family Phrymaceae. (3) Mimulus is not monophyletic, because members of at least six other genera have been derived from within it. In light of the molecular evidence, it is clear that species of Phrymaceae (about 190 species) have undergone two geograph- ically distinct radiations; one in western North America (about 130 species) and another in Australia (about 30 species). Phylogenetic interpretations of morphological evolution and biogeographical patterns are discussed. Key words: ETS; ITS; Mimuleae; Mimulus; Phryma; Phrymaceae; Scrophulariaceae; trnL/F. Species in the genus Mimulus have become model systems Mimulus, though in subsequent works, Pennell placed Mimu- for the study of evolutionary processes in nature.
    [Show full text]
  • A Taxonomic Conspectus of Phrymaceae: a Narrowed Circumscriptions for Mimulus , New and Resurrected Genera, and New Names and Combinations
    Barker, W.R., G.L. Nesom, P.M. Beardsley, and N.S. Fraga. 2012. A taxonomic conspectus of Phrymaceae: A narrowed circumscriptions for Mimulus , new and resurrected genera, and new names and combinations. Phytoneuron 2012-39: 1–60. Published 16 May 2012. ISSN 2153 733X A TAXONOMIC CONSPECTUS OF PHRYMACEAE: A NARROWED CIRCUMSCRIPTION FOR MIMULUS, NEW AND RESURRECTED GENERA, AND NEW NAMES AND COMBINATIONS W.R. (B ILL ) BARKER State Herbarium of South Australia, Kent Town SA 5071, AUSTRALIA; and Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5000, AUSTRALIA [email protected] GUY L. NESOM 2925 Hartwood Drive Fort Worth, Texas 76109, USA [email protected] PAUL M. BEARDSLEY Biological Sciences Department California State Polytechnic University Pomona, California 91768, USA [email protected] NAOMI S. FRAGA Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Claremont, California 91711-3157, USA [email protected] ABSTRACT A revised taxonomic classification of Phrymaceae down to species level is presented, based on molecular-phylogenetic and morpho-taxonomic studies, setting a framework for ongoing work. In the concept adopted, the family includes 188 species divided into 13 genera. All species as currently understood are listed and assigned to genera and sections which in several cases have new circumscriptions requiring many new combinations. Four main clades are recognized. Clade A. An Asian-African-Australasian-centered clade of 7 genera: Mimulus L. sensu stricto (7 species) of North America, Asia to Africa, and Australasia is sister to an Australian-centered group that comprises Elacholoma (2 species), Glossostigma (5 species), Microcarpaea (2 species), Peplidium (4 species), Uvedalia (2 species) and a new monotypic genus Thyridia , described here.
    [Show full text]
  • Species List
    Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List What is the summary for and where does it come from? This list has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. The list was produced using the AustralianAustralian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. For each family of plant and animal covered by ANHAT (Appendix 1), this document gives the number of species in the country and how many of them are found in the region. It also identifies species listed as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered or Conservation Dependent under the EPBC Act. A biodiversity summary for this region is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are notnot included included in in the the list. list. • The data used come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case for the Continued Use of the Genus Name Mimulus for All Monkeyflowers David B
    TAXON 00 (00) • 1–7 Lowry & al. • Mimulus for all monkeyflowers POINT OF VIEW The case for the continued use of the genus name Mimulus for all monkeyflowers David B. Lowry,1 James M. Sobel,2 Amy L. Angert,3 Tia-Lynn Ashman,4 Robert L. Baker,5 Benjamin K. Blackman,6 Yaniv Brandvain,7 Kelsey J.R.P. Byers,8 Arielle M. Cooley,9 Jennifer M. Coughlan,10 Michele R. Dudash,11 Charles B. Fenster,12 Kathleen G. Ferris,13 Lila Fishman,14 Jannice Friedman,15 Dena L. Grossenbacher,16 Liza M. Holeski,17 Christopher T. Ivey,18 Kathleen M. Kay,19 Vanessa A. Koelling,20 Nicholas J. Kooyers,21 Courtney J. Murren,22 Christopher D. Muir,23 Thomas C. Nelson,14 Megan L. Peterson,24 Joshua R. Puzey,25 Michael C. Rotter,17 Jeffrey R. Seemann,26 Jason P. Sexton,27 Seema N. Sheth,28 Matthew A. Streisfeld,29 Andrea L. Sweigart,30 Alex D. Twyford,31,32 Mario Vallejo-Marín,33 John H. Willis,34 Kevin M. Wright,35 Carrie A. Wu36 & Yao-Wu Yuan26 1 Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, U.S.A. 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, New York 13902, U.S.A. 3 Departments of Botany and Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada 4 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, U.S.A. 5 Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, U.S.A. 6 Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case for the Continued Use of the Genus Name Mimulus for All Monkeyflowers David B
    TAXON 68 (4) • August 2019: 617–623 Lowry & al. • Mimulus for all monkeyflowers POINT OF VIEW The case for the continued use of the genus name Mimulus for all monkeyflowers David B. Lowry,1 James M. Sobel,2 Amy L. Angert,3 Tia-Lynn Ashman,4 Robert L. Baker,5 Benjamin K. Blackman,6 Yaniv Brandvain,7 Kelsey J.R.P. Byers,8 Arielle M. Cooley,9 Jennifer M. Coughlan,10 Michele R. Dudash,11 Charles B. Fenster,12 Kathleen G. Ferris,13 Lila Fishman,14 Jannice Friedman,15 Dena L. Grossenbacher,16 Liza M. Holeski,17 Christopher T. Ivey,18 Kathleen M. Kay,19 Vanessa A. Koelling,20 Nicholas J. Kooyers,21 Courtney J. Murren,22 Christopher D. Muir,23 Thomas C. Nelson,14 Megan L. Peterson,24 Joshua R. Puzey,25 Michael C. Rotter,17 Jeffrey R. Seemann,26 Jason P. Sexton,27 Seema N. Sheth,28 Matthew A. Streisfeld,29 Andrea L. Sweigart,30 Alex D. Twyford,31,32 Mario Vallejo-Marín,33 John H. Willis,34 Kevin M. Wright,35 Carrie A. Wu36 & Yao-Wu Yuan26 1 Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, U.S.A. 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, New York 13902, U.S.A. 3 Departments of Botany and Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada 4 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, U.S.A. 5 Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, U.S.A. 6 Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity Summary: Western, New South Wales
    Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List What is the summary for and where does it come from? This list has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. The list was produced using the AustralianAustralian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. For each family of plant and animal covered by ANHAT (Appendix 1), this document gives the number of species in the country and how many of them are found in the region. It also identifies species listed as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered or Conservation Dependent under the EPBC Act. A biodiversity summary for this region is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are notnot included included in in the the list. list. • The data used come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations.
    [Show full text]
  • Why We Have Continued to Use the Genus Name Mimulus for All Monkeyflowers the Genus Mimulus Is an Extremely Well-Studied Groups
    Why we have continued to use the genus name Mimulus for all monkeyflowers The genus Mimulus is an extremely well-studied groups of plant species, which has for decades allowed researcher to address a wide array of fundamental questions in biology (Wu & al. 2008; Twyford & al. 2015). Linnaeus named the type species of Mimulus (ringens L.), while Darwin (1876) used Mimulus (luteus L.) to answer key research questions. The incredible phenotypic diversity of this group has made it the focus of ecological and evolutionary study since the mid- 20th century, initiated by the highly influential work of Clausen, Keck, and Hiesey as well as their students and collaborators (Clausen & Hiesey 1958; Hiesey & al. 1971, Vickery 1952, 1978). Work has continued on this group of diverse taxa throughout the 20th and into the 21st century (Schemske & Bradshaw 1999; Bradshaw & al. 2002; Wu & al. 2008; Twyford & al. 2015; Yuan 2019), and Mimulus guttatus was one of the first non-model plants to be selected for full genome sequencing (Hellsten & al. 2013). Mimulus has played a key role in advancing our general understanding of the evolution of pollinator shifts (Bradshaw & Schemske 2003; Cooley & al. 2011; Byers & al. 2014), adaptation (Lowry & Willis 2010; Troth & al. 2018), speciation (Ramsey & al. 2003; Wright & al. 2013; Sobel & Streisfeld 2015; Zuellig & Sweigart 2018), meiotic drive (Fishman & Saunders 2008), polyploidy (Vallejo-Marín 2012; Vallejo-Marín & al. 2015), range limits (Angert 2009), circadian rhythms (Greenham & al. 2017), genetic recombination (Hellsten & al. 2013), mating systems (Dudash & Carr 1998; Brandvain & al. 2014) and developmental biology (Moody & al. 1999; Baker & al. 2011, 2012; Yuan & al.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuytsia the Journal of the Western Australian Herbarium 29: 1–16 Published Online 22 March 2018
    C.M. Parker & J.M. Percy-Bower, Updates to Western Australia’s vascular plant census for 2017 1 Nuytsia The journal of the Western Australian Herbarium 29: 1–16 Published online 22 March 2018 SHORT COMMUNICATION Updates to Western Australia’s vascular plant census for 2017 The census database at the Western Australian Herbarium (PERTH), which provides the nomenclature for the website FloraBase (Western Australian Herbarium 1998–), lists current names and recent synonymy for Western Australia’s native and naturalised vascular plants, as well as algae, bryophytes, lichens, slime moulds and some fungi. The names represented in the census are either sourced from published research or denote as yet unpublished names based on herbarium voucher specimens. We herein summarise the changes made to vascular plant names in this database during 2017. Sixty-five taxa were newly recorded for the State, of which eight are naturalised and 33 have been added to the Threatened and Priority Flora list for Western Australia (Smith 2017; Western Australian Herbarium 1998–) (Table 1). A total of 201 name changes were made (Table 2). Plant groups for which a number of name changes were made include Brachyloma Sond. (Hislop & Cranfield 2017), Eremophila R.Br. (Buirchell & Brown 2016), Hibbertia Andrews (Thiele 2017a, 2017b; Thiele & Nge 2017), Stylidium Sw. (Lowrie & Kenneally 2017; Wege 2017b) and Triodia R.Br. (Anderson et al. 2017). Numerous phrase names in Leucopogon R.Br. were formally published (Hislop 2016a) with some being transferred to the newly circumscribed genus Styphelia Sm. (Hislop & Puente-Lelièvre 2017). Several changes were made in Daviesia Sm. following the publication of a monograph for the group (Crisp et al.
    [Show full text]