Universidad De Guayaquil Facultad De Ciencias Administrativas Gestión Empresarial Proyecto De Investigación Presentado Como Re

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Universidad De Guayaquil Facultad De Ciencias Administrativas Gestión Empresarial Proyecto De Investigación Presentado Como Re UNIVERSIDAD DE GUAYAQUIL FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ADMINISTRATIVAS GESTIÓN EMPRESARIAL PROYECTO DE INVESTIGACIÓN PRESENTADO COMO REQUISITO PARA OPTAR POR EL TÍTULO DE INGENIERÍA EN GESTIÓN EMPRESARIAL TEMA: “ANÁLISIS DE LA COMERCIALIZACIÓN DE POLVO DE PLÁTANO COMO SUPLEMENTO ALIMENTICIO EN LA NUTRICIÓN DEL GANADO VACUNO PRODUCTOR DE LECHE EN LA PROVINCIA DEL GUAYAS” AUTORES: KEYLA NATALÍ MENDOZA LAYEDRA ANDREA SUSANA VERA LOGACHO TUTOR DEL PROYECTO DE INVESTIGACIÓN: ING. LEONARDO ESPINOZA ROCA FECHA: GUAYAQUIL, MARZO 2016 ÍNDICE GENERAL ÍNDICE GENERAL CARÁTULA ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- I ÍNDICE DE CONTENIDOS --------------------------------------------------------- III ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS --------------------------------------------------------------- V ÍNDICE DE GRÁFICOS ------------------------------------------------------------- VII ÍNDICE DE CUADROS -------------------------------------------------------------- VIII AGRADECIMIENTO ------------------------------------------------------------------ X DEDICATORIA ------------------------------------------------------------------------- XI FICHA DE REGISTRO DE PROYECTO DE INVESTIGACIÓN ----------- XII CERTIFICADO DE ANTIPLAGIO -------------------------------------------------- XIII CERTIFICADO DEL TUTOR -------------------------------------------------------- XIV RENUNCIA DE DERECHOS DE AUTOR ---------------------------------------- XVI DECLARACIÓN DE RESPONSABILIDAD --------------------------------------- XVII CERTIFICACIÓN DE LA DEFENSA --------------------------------------------- XVIII RESUMEN -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- XIX ABSTRACT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- XX INTRODUCCIÓN ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA ---------------------------------------------- 3 JUSTIFICACIÓN DEL PROYECTO ------------------------------------------------- 3 OBJETIVOS DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN --------------------------------------------- 4 HIPÓTESIS GENERAL ----------------------------------------------------------------- 5 ii ÍNDICE DE CONTENIDOS CAPÍTULO 1 FUNDAMENTACIÓN TEÓRICA 1. La ganadería --------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 1.1. Tipos de ganado ------------------------------------------------------------ 6 1.2. La ganadería en Ecuador ------------------------------------------------- 7 1.3. Razas de ganado vacuno a nivel mundial --------------------------- 9 1.4. Ganado bovino en Ecuador ---------------------------------------------- 10 1.4.1. Ganado bovino productor de leche en Ecuador -------------------- 16 1.5. Sistema digestivo del ganado bovino ---------------------------------- 18 1.5.1. La digestión ------------------------------------------------------------------ 19 1.5.2. Factores que influyen en la digestión del bovino ------------------ 21 1.5.3. La alimentación del bovino ----------------------------------------------- 21 1.6. Población de ganado bovino en Guayas ----------------------------- 24 1.7. Suplementos alimenticios ------------------------------------------------- 25 1.8. Disponibilidad del plátano en Ecuador -------------------------------- 26 1.9. Polvo de plátano como subproducto para forrajes de rumiantes – ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27 1.9.1. El plátano en la Industria Alimenticia Ganadera ------------------- 27 1.9.2. Composición y propiedades del polvo de plátano como subproducto para la alimentación del ganado bovino------------- 29 1.10. Proceso de elaboración del polvo de plátano ----------------------- 30 1.11. La comercialización -------------------------------------------------------- 31 1.11.1. Canales de comercialización ---------------------------------------- 32 CAPÍTULO 2 METODOLOGÍA INVESTIGATIVA 2. Metodología empleada --------------------------------------------------------- 36 2.1. Proveedores de alimentos para ganado ------------------------------ 36 2.2. Entrevistas -------------------------------------------------------------------- 37 2.2.1. Entrevistas realizadas a proveedores de alimentos para ganado ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37 2.2.2. Entrevista para conocer sobre la inclusión del plátano en la alimentación de los bovinos ------------------------------------- -------- 39 2.2.3. Entrevista para conocer el canal de distribución más apropiado para el polvo de plátano en la provincia del Guayas ------------- 39 2.2.4. Entrevista a ganaderos en general ------------------------------------- 40 2.3. Proceso experimental del polvo de plátano verde en una vacona lechera ----------------------------------------------------------- 41 2.4. Estudio de mercado -------------------------------------------------------- 43 2.4.1. Trabajo de campo ---------------------------------------------------------- 44 2.4.2. Resultados de la investigación de campo ---------------------------- 45 2.5. Análisis del entorno de comercialización ----------------------------- 52 iii CAPÍTULO 3 PROPUESTA 3. Propuesta ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53 3.1. Aspectos generales de la microempresa ----------------------------- 53 3.1.1. Marca -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53 3.1.2. Personería jurídica --------------------------------------------------------- 53 3.1.3. Logo ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 54 3.1.4. Slogan ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 54 3.1.5. Análisis de ponderación --------------------------------------------------- 54 3.1.5.1. Costos fijos y variables ----------------------------------------------- 54 3.1.5.2. Volumen de producción ----------------------------------------------- 58 3.1.5.3. Costo de Venta --------------------------------------------------------- 59 3.1.5.4. División Organizacional de la microempresa ------------------- 61 3.1.5.5. Proceso para la elaboración del polvo de plátano verde----- 62 3.1.5.6. Análisis del financiamiento de la propuesta --------------------- 64 3.1.5.7. Fuente y modalidad del financiamiento bancario ------------- 65 3.1.5.8. Evaluación económica ------------------------------------------------ 67 3.1.5.8.1. Flujo de Caja ------------------------------------------------------------ 67 3.1.5.8.2. Valor Actual Neto (VAN) ---------------------------------------------- 68 3.1.5.8.3. Tasa Interna de Retorno (TIR) -------------------------------------- 68 3.1.5.9. Estados Financieros --------------------------------------------------- 68 3.1.5.9.1. Estado de Pérdidas y Ganancias ---------------------------------- 68 3.1.5.9.2. Balance General -------------------------------------------------------- 70 CONCLUSIONES ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 71 RECOMENDACIONES ----------------------------------------------------------------- 72 BIBLIOGRAFÍA --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 73 ANEXOS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 77 iv ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS Figura Nº 1.1 Textos usados en la fundamentación teórica del proyecto- 77 Figura Nº 1.2. Bovino costeño con cuernos -------------------------------------- 83 Figura Nº 1.3. Bovino Holstein Friesian ------------------------------------------- 83 Figura Nº 1.4. Bovino Brown Swiss ------------------------------------------------- 83 Figura Nº 1.5. Bovino Jersey --------------------------------------------------------- 83 Figura Nº 1.6. Bovino Ayrshire ------------------------------------------------------- 83 Figura Nº 1.7. Bovino Guernsey ----------------------------------------------------- 83 Figura Nº 1.8. Bovino Shorthorn ----------------------------------------------------- 84 Figura Nº 1.9. Bovino Shorthorn Lechero ----------------------------------------- 84 Figura Nº 1.10. Bovino Hereford ----------------------------------------------------- 84 Figura Nº 1.11. Bovino Angus -------------------------------------------------------- 84 Figura Nº 1.12. Bovino Charoláis ---------------------------------------------------- 84 Figura Nº 1.13. Bovino Normando -------------------------------------------------- 84 Figura Nº 1.14. Bovino Red Poll ----------------------------------------------------- 84 Figura Nº 1.15. Bovino Galloway ---------------------------------------------------- 84 Figura Nº 1.16. Bovino brahmán ----------------------------------------------------- 84 Figura Nº 1.17. Bovino Brangus ----------------------------------------------------- 84 Figura Nº 1.18. Bovino Bradford ----------------------------------------------------- 85 Figura Nº 1.19. Bovino Nelore -------------------------------------------------------- 85 Figura Nº 1.20. Sistema digestivo del bovino ------------------------------------ 19 Figura Nº 2.1. Solicitud para Análisis Bromatológico --------------------------- 86 Figura Nº 2.2. Resultado del análisis bromatológico --------------------------- 86 Figura Nº 2.3. Visita Instalaciones de la Asociación de Ganaderos ------- 86 Figura Nº 2.4. Fichas Técnicas – Balanceados Ganamilk para bovino--- 89 Figura Nº 2.5. Certificado de prueba de campo, por el ing. Andrés Cornejo realizada en predios los bosques --------------------------------------- 89 Figura Nº 2.6. Modelo de entrevistas realizadas
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