Congressional Record-House: April 16

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Congressional Record-House: April 16 4226 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE: APRIL 16 . ' ~'.Ir. JONES of Arkansas. Thei·e are certain s:unendments to be The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Illinois move~ that tho offerecl which it will takE:' time to consider. The Senate seems re­ House resolve itself into Committee of the Whole Rouse on the luctant to proceed w1th the consid~ration of those amendments state of the Union for the consideration of the naval appropriation this afternoon. and I move to proceed to the. consideration of ex­ bill~ and, pending that, he asks unanimous consent that general ecuti-ve business. debate be continued .1 or fourteen hours, seven hours on a side, and The motion was agreed to; and the Senate proceeded to the con­ that the gent eman from Illinois, acting chairman of the commit­ sideration of executive business. Afte:r five minutes spent in ex­ tee, shall control one half of the time and the gentleomn from ecutive session the doors were reopened, and (at 4 o'clock and 45 New York shall control the other half of the time, w1th the right minutes p. m.) the Senate adjourned until to-morrow, Tuesday, to yield to othel" m"€'mbers of the minority: that when general de­ April 17, 1900, at 12 o·clock m. bate expires, or, if it shall be e-:thansted before the fourteen hours e.xpire, the bill shall then be considered under .the five-minute NOMINATION. rute. Executi't:e nomination reeeived by tlteSenate.April 1C, 1900. Mr. FOSS. Mr. Speaker, I will state that under this arrange­ ment I hope that general debate will be through by to-mo1Tow GOVERNOR OF PORTO RICO. eYening at 5 o'clock, 'because, although this side will have seven Charles H. Allen. of Massachusetts, to be the governor of Porto hours, I do not see where the speake1·s are to come irom. I think Rico, an original appointment, as provided for by an ad of Congress we shall be able to finish it by that time. entitled "An act temporarily to pr-0vide revenues and a civil gov­ Mr. CUM:\HNGS. Mr. Speaker, I am authorized to say that ernment for Porto Rico, and for other purposes," approved April the proposition is acceptable to the minority, w th the understand­ 12, 1900. ing that each member ot the minority has his hour, and members who desire time, consequently, will get theil" time irom the mi­ CONFIRMATIONS. nority members. Executi1:e nominations confir1ned by the Senate Ap1-il JC, 1900. Mr. CANNON. Mr. Speaker, J want to say a word. if I can have the attention of the gentleman from Illinois as well as the co~~suL. gentleman from New York. From glancing at the majority and Charles E. Barnes, of Illinois, to be consul of the United States minority report and the hUI itseJf I can see some very important at Cologne, Germany. questions to be determined in Committee of the Whole. 'lake the PRO.MOTIO~ IN THE NAVY. coast survey which is proposed by it, for instance, and the ques­ Ca.pt. Silas W. Terry, to be a rear-admiral in the Navy, from the tion in the minority report of an armor-plate factory, and the q ues­ 29th day of March, 1900. tion of the utilization of the navy-yards for construction of ships­ aU very important question&. Now, it St!ems to me it would be POSTMASTERS. better to have an hour on each side to cover at least these three Frank G. Penne11, to be postmaster at Mount Joy, in the county general question.s-an hour on ea.ch side of general debate upon of Lancaster and State of Pennsylvania. the particular measurE:'s when they are reuched. 'Villiam Krause. to be po~tmaster at Richland Center, in the Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. That is what l was going to county of Bucks and State of Pennsylvania. suggest. Henry D. Ruth, to be postmaster at Lansdale, in the county of Mr. CANNON. I suggm;t th~t we should have an hour on a Montgomery and State of Pennsylvania. side, with the assurance that where the debate is in ~ood faith Henry F. Hershey, to be po3tmaster at Steelton, in the county and upon the m.erits of the proposition it will be a little bit free of Dauphin and State of Pennsylvania. aud easy for time when these ·measures are reached. I shonld be Daniel G. Engle, to be postmaster at Marietta, in the county of glad myse~f to submit some remarks upon one of these matters, Lancaster and State of Pennsylvania. but I should rather not do it to empty benches, and would rather it would be a real debate . .Mr. UNDERWOOD. Mr. Speaker, I desire to say something in HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. the line of what the gentleman from Uli.nois has jns.t said. The . armor-plate question bas harassed Congress in this general aspeet :MO:ND.AY, .April 16, 1900. for four or fi:ve years. As the gentleman from Illinois has said. if • k p b th Ch · R this cruestion is discussed in general debate, the probabilities are ~he House met at 1....9 o cloc m. rayer Y e ap1 am, ev. that thv~i:- who speak on the que8tion will speak to empty benches, HENRY N. COUDEN, D. D. because the moment we agree upon fourteen hours of general de- The Journal of the proceedings of Saturday was read and ap- Ibate on the bill the members drop out and attend to their busi- prove<l. ness in town. It is a live question, one tha.t ought to be settled POSTAL ECONOMIC BILL. now, one that is dealmg with the building of the United Btates Mr. :McPHERSON. Mr. ~peaker, on behalf of ~he. mmonty of Navy. The Naval Committea has never brought a more impor­ the Committee on the Post-Ofuce and Po.::;t-~oads, six m number, I tant question before this House. and it is a matter that ought to desire to file a min<;>ri~y report on _House bil~ 93~3, and I ask fur a. be settled and settled right. Therefore, I hope the chairman of reprint of the ma~ority report with the mmor1.ty report accom~ the committee will agree now that there shall be a liberal debate. panying it. There was an arrangement by which tJ:ie ~wo were Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. Along the line suggested by to be fi,ed together, but through forgetfulness the maJonty report the O'entleman from Illinois and the ~entleman from Alabama. I was on file a day before we knew about it. desi:'e to say to the House that the differences in the NavaJ Com- The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Iowa. asks unanimous mittee are merely questions of business judgment; and I think I consi:mt to file a minol'ity report from the Committee on the Post- am warranted in the statement that the discussion on general Office and Post-Roads on the Po~t-9ffice app_rop~1ation bill, to- debate on both sides of the House will be confined entirely, or gether with the reprint of the maJonty a;nd. mm~1·1ty report. practically so, to matters of difference bet,-...~een meml•ers of the Mr. McfHER:::30N. Not the app1:opr_iation bill, Mr. Speaker, committee. I have no desire myself to give the benefit of what but what is called 'the postal economic b1l~. real observation and investigation I h~ve made to empty benches The SPEAKER. Will ~he gentleman give the number o~ 1t? and I s:ncerely hope that the membe1s of the House will not pay Mr. McPtlERSON. Nme thousand three hundred and mnel;.y- us tne compliment. but will feel it incumbent on themselve to three. listen to this discussion. I am satisfie<l that no meml er on the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the re9.uest of the gen- other side des1res to bring general politics into this discussion. tleman from Iowa? [After a pause.] The Chau· hears none, and There are no politics in the Naval Committee; the matters of dif- it is so ordered. ference are simply questions of what is best for the American NAVAL APPROPRJATION BILL. people. Mr. FOSS. l\Ir. Speaker, I move that the House resolve itself Speaking for my~elf alone, I have absolutely no pride of opinion into Committee of the Whole on the state of the Union for the in regard to my individual views on this question. If the ma­ considerat1on of the naval appropriation bill, and pending that jority of my colleag-ues differ with me, I shall acquiesce with motion, I am instructed by the committee to ask that the general great pleasure in their judgment. But this is a matter which debate be limited to fourteen hours, seven hours upon aside; seven concerns the people, and, as suggested by the gentleman from hours to be controlled on that side by the gentleman from New Illinois, there are three matters of difference between us that the York (Mr. CUlllMD;Gsj, or, ifhe so elects. to be distl"ibuted by the HousP. a1 one can determine; and it would be absolute folly for us minority members of the committee, and the time on this side to to indulge in general debate here tor two days unless members of be controlled by the acting chairman of the committee. And, the House propose to remain and listen and take part in the dis­ fnrthermore, that upon the expiration of this time, or in case cussion.
Recommended publications
  • Book Reviews
    BOOK REVIEWS Eric Axelson. Vasco da Gamma: The Diary of His ices will discover it to be an enjoyable, accessible, Travels Through African Waters, 1497-1499. and engaging account. It is certainly a good buy Somerset West, South Africa: Stephan Phillips for most research or university libraries. (Pty) Ltd., 1998. vii + 102, notes, appendices, bibliography, maps, illustrations. ISBN 0-620- M.A. Hennessy 22388-x. Kingston, Ontario Eric Axelson, former head of the Department of History at the University of Cape Town, is to be L.M.E. Shaw. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance commended for producing a richly illustrated and and the English Merchants in Portugal, 1654- comprehensive new translation of this diary. 1810. Aldershot, Hants. & Brookfield, VT: Translations or the Portuguese original have been Ashgate Publishing, 1998. xii + 233 pp., maps, published previously in 1898,1947 and 1954. The photoplates, appendices, bibliography, index. US last of these, African Explorers (Oxford, 1954), $76.95, cloth; ISBN 1-84014-651-6. was also edited by Axelson, but it did not address the voyage from the coast of Mozambique to This work marks a further contribution by Dr. India and back. That shortfall has been avoided in Shaw to Anglo-Portuguese history in the seven• this valuable new edition, which also contains teenth and eighteenth centuries, significantly other useful features. developing her earlier studies, among them her The anonymous diary commences with da notable investigation into the serious effects of the Gamma's ship leaving Portugal and ceases some• inquisition on Portuguese mercantile wealth and where off Gabon - Axelson addresses why this is resources.
    [Show full text]
  • NL-ARMS O;Cer Education
    NL-ARMS Netherlands Annual Review of Military Studies 2003 O;cer Education The Road to Athens! Harry Kirkels Wim Klinkert René Moelker (eds.) The cover image of this edition of NL-ARMS is a photograph of a fragment of the uni- que ‘eye tiles’, discovered during a restoration of the Castle of Breda, the home of the RNLMA. They are thought to have constituted the entire floor space of the Grand North Gallery in the Palace of Henry III (1483-1538). They are attributed to the famous Antwerp artist Guido de Savino (?-1541). The eyes are believed to symbolize vigilance and just government. NL-Arms is published under the auspices of the Dean of the Royal Netherlands Military Academy (RNLMA (KMA)). For more information about NL-ARMS and/or additional copies contact the editors, or the Academy Research Centre of the RNLMA (KMA), at adress below: Royal Netherlands Military Academy (KMA) - Academy Research Centre P.O. Box 90.002 4800 PA Breda Phone: +31 76 527 3319 Fax: +31 76 527 3322 NL-ARMS 1997 The Bosnian Experience J.L.M. Soeters, J.H. Rovers [eds.] 1998 The Commander’s Responsibility in Difficult Circumstances A.L.W. Vogelaar, K.F. Muusse, J.H. Rovers [eds.] 1999 Information Operations J.M.J. Bosch, H.A.M. Luiijf, A.R. Mollema [eds.] 2000 Information in Context H.P.M. Jägers, H.F.M. Kirkels, M.V. Metselaar, G.C.A. Steenbakkers [eds.] 2001 Issued together with Volume 2000 2002 Civil-Military Cooperation: A Marriage of Reason M.T.I. Bollen, R.V.
    [Show full text]
  • Ramtorenschip 2E Klasse “Buffel”
    Ramtorenschip 2e klasse “Buffel” Aanvullende Informatie voor rondleiders & surveillanten op het museumschip “Buffel” 1-8-2020 Hellevoetsluis Samengesteld door E.Wijbrands ([email protected]) (Mei 2014) INHOUDSOPGAVE: 1 1……………………………………………………………………..Algemeen 2……………………………………………………………………..Trottman anker 3……………………………………………………………………..Bewapening 4……………………………………………………………………..Naval Hammocks (Hangmat) 5……………………………………………………………………..Zr.Ms.Schorpioen 6……………………………………………………………………..Zr.Ms.Prins Hendrik der Nederlanden 7……………………………………………………………………..Stoomschepen voor de Marine 8……………………………………………………………………..De eerste Nederlandse pantserschepen 9……………………………………………………………………..De kwaliteit van de pantserschepen 10……………………………………………………………………De techniek (ijzer en klinknagels) 11……………………………………………………………………De rol van de Marine 12……………………………………………………………………Zr. Ms. Koning der Nederlanden 13……………………………………………………………………Marine opleiding en opleidingfaciliteiten 14……………………………………………………………………Lifejacket History 15……………………………………………………………………Zeemijl 16……………………………………………………………………Knoop (snelheid) 17……………………………………………………………………Log (Scheepvaart) 18……………………………………………………………………Positie bepaling op gegist bestek 19……………………………………………………………………Positiebepaling met navigatie-instrumenten 20……………………………………………………………………Octant en Sextant 21……………………………………………………………………Tijdmeting 22……………………………………………………………………Dieptelood of Peillood 23……………………………………………………………………Kompas 24……………………………………………………………………Kompasroos 25……………………………………………………………………Koers uitzetten (navigatie in de 19e eeuw) 26……………………………………………………………………Meterologie
    [Show full text]
  • Recovery of Acetylcholinesterase at Intact Neuromuscular Junctions After in Viva Inactivation with Di-Isopropylfluorophosphate’
    0270.8474/85/0504-0951$02.00/O The Journal of Neuroscience Copyright 0 Society for Neuroscience Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 951-955 Printed in U.S.A. April 1985 Recovery of Acetylcholinesterase at Intact Neuromuscular Junctions After In Viva Inactivation with Di-isopropylfluorophosphate’ HEDWIG KASPRZAK* AND MIRIAM M. SALPETER* * Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska 99701 and *Section of Neurobiology and Behavior, and School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 Abstract Materials and Methods Recovery of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) at endplates of Animal preparations for inactivating esterases. We used the sternomas- toid muscle of the albino mouse (obtained from Blue Spruce Farms). Receptor mouse sternomastoid muscle was studied after inactivation and esterase inactivation was performed as previously described by Fertuck with di-isopropylfluorophosphate in viva. A short incubation et al. (1975) Fertuck and Salpeter (1976) and Salpeter et al. (1979). Animals with a-bungarotoxin was used to prevent muscle necrosis were anesthetized with Nembutal (50 mg in 10% alcohol/kg of body weight). which usually occurs after esterase inactivation. Under these The muscle was exposed and the nerve was stimulated with a suction conditions there was no delay in AChE recovery, unlike what electrode while muscle contractions were monitored with a needle electrode we had previously seen in necrotic muscle. However, even attached to an isotonic transducer. The exposed muscle was first bathed in in non-necrotic muscle, the overall recovery of AChE at the ol-BTX (lo+ M in Krebs’ Ringer Solution) until the receptors were completely postjunctional membrane was very slow, with a half-life of inactivated as judged by the fact that the muscle was unable to produce a about 20 days.
    [Show full text]
  • Van De Nederlandse Vereniging Voor 5 Zeegeschiedenis
    • r VAN DE NEDERLANDSE VERENIGING VOOR 5 ZEEGESCHIEDENIS MEDEDELINGEN VAN DE NEDERLANDSE VERENIGING VOOR ZEEGESCHIEDENIS No. 29 REDAKTIE Drs. L. M. Akveld, Dr. J. R. Bruijn oktober 1974 Nederlandse Vereniging voor Zeegeschiedenis Redaktie: INHOUD Pag- Sekretariaat van de Nederlandse Vereniging voor Zeegeschiedenis: BIJ EEN AFSCHEID 4 ARTIKELEN Contributie: minimum ƒ 20, — per jaar (leden buiten Nederland woonachtig ƒ 25,— per jaar), te voldoen op postgirorekening 390150 t.n.v. Penningmeester van de Nederlandse Bruggen, B.E. van, Aspecten van de bouw van oorlogsschepen in de Republiek tijdens de Vereniging voor Zeegeschiedenis, Rotterdam. achttiende eeuw (II) 5 Newton, L.W., Caribbean contraband and Spanish retaliation. The Count of Clavijo and Losse nummers van de Mededelingen bij het Sekretariaat verkrijgbaar: no. 1 t/m 11 a Dutch interlopers, 1725- 1727 22 f3, —, no. 12 t/m 15 h ƒ 4, 50, no. 16 t/m 19 h ƒ 6,25, no. 20 t/m 27 h ƒ 8,—, no. 28 t/m 29 & f 11,— per stuk; de cumulatieve index op no. 1-27 ü ƒ.5,—. Lap, B.C.W., Ramtorenschip 2e klasse ’’Buffel”: toekomstig museumschip? 28 Vraag (H.A. van Foreest) 35 De redaktie is niet verplicht ongevraagd toegezonden boeken te doen bespreken. COLLECTIES Het Museum voor de IJsselmeerpolders in 1973 36 LITERATUUR Boekbesprekingen St. John Wilkes, B., Handboek voor onderwater-archeologie (F.J. Meijer) 38 Altonaer Museum in Hamburg, Jahrbuch 1973 (R.E.J. Weber) 38 Bosscher, Ph.M. e.a., Het hart van Nederland. Steden en dorpen rond de Zuiderzee (W.J. van Hoboken) 39 Akveld, L.M.
    [Show full text]
  • THE BULLETIN Volume Seventeen 1873 1 LIVERPOOL NAUTICAL
    LIVERPOOL ~AI_ l Tl('AL RESEARCH SOCIETY THE BULLETIN Volume Seventeen 1873 1 LIVERPOOL NAUTICAL RESEARCH SOCIETY BULLETIN The Liverpool Museums \villiam Brown Street Liverpool 3. Hon.Secretary - M.K.Stammers, B.A. Editor -N. R. Pugh There is a pleasure 1n the pathless woods, There is rapture on the lonely shore; There is society, where none intrudes, By the deep sea, and music in its roar. Byron. Vol.XVII No.1 January-i'-iarch 1973 Sl\1-1 J .M. BROVJN - MARINE ARTIST (1873-1965) Fifty years ago a \'/ell known marine artist, Sam J .M. Brown, resided in Belgrave S trcet, Lis card, vlallasey. Of his work, there are still originals and reproductions about, nnd fortunately Liverpool Huseums have some attractive specimens. It happened that the writer once had tea with the family, being in 1925 a school friend of Edwin Brown, the artist's only son. Edwin later became a successful poultry farmer but was not endowed with his father's artistic talents. - 1 - Sam Brown painted for Lamport and Holt, Blue Funnel, Booth, Yeoward Lines etc., in advertising and calendar work. He made several sea voyages to gain atmosphere far his pictures, even to the River Amazon. In local waters his favourite type seemed to be topsail schooners, often used as comparisons to the lordly liners of the above mentioned fleets. About 1930, the Browns moved to NalpD.S, Cheshire, and though Sam exhibited a beautiful picture of swans at the Liver Sketching Club's autumn exhibition one year, no further ship portraiture appeared. In November 1972, I was privileged to attend an exhibition of Murine paintings, on the opening day at the Boydell Galler­ ies, Castle Street .
    [Show full text]
  • WILKINSON, Richard PRG 295/2 Special List Series 2 View No. 1
    ________________________________________________________________________ WILKINSON, Richard PRG 295/2 Special List Series 2 View No. 1 Alcaeus Hooper - schooner 2 Americana - schooner (1892) 3 Ba - barque 4 Barossa 5 Boieldieu 6 Brooklands - schooner (1859) 7 Castle Holme 8 China ex Alma (1855) 9 Corfe Castle (1901) 10 Corfe Castle (camouflaged) 11 Dagmar - brigantine 12 Delaware Sun - schooner 13 Dimsdale 14 Edinburgh Castle 15 Edinburgh Cattle 16 Elisabeth R- barquentine (1892) 17 Englishman - schooner 18 E.R.Sterling - barquentine 19 Forest Friend - barquentine 20 Friedrich der Grosse (1896) 21 Ganymede (1868) 22 Garthpool 23 Grace Harwar 24 Grantully Castle 25 Grantully Castle 26 Harvest King - schooner (1879) 27 Herzogin Cecilie 28 Hesperus (1873) 29 H.F.Bolt - ketch 30 Hougoumont 31 Hougoumont 32 Hydaspes 33 Joseph Conrad ex Georg Stage 34 Joseph Conrad ex Georg Stage 35 Kildonan Caste 36 Kildonan Caste (camouflaged) 37 Kinfauns Castle 38 Kinfauns Castle (camouflaged) 39 Kobenhavn 40 Lady Jocelyn 41 Lawhill 42 Liverpool - ship PRG 295/2 Special list Page 1 of 3 ________________________________________________________________________ 43 Loch Tay 44 Loch Torridon (1881) 45 Lucky Change - schooner 46 Magdalene Vinnen 47 Mary & Gertrude - schooner (1867) 48 Medic (1898) 49 Passat 50 Ponape - barque 51 Ponape - barque 52 Preussen - ship 53 Royal Tar 54 Success 55 Thistle 56 Thomas W. Lawson - schooner 57 Viking 58 Walmer Castle 59 Walmer Castle (camouflaged) 60 Werner Vinnen 61 Westfield - barquentine 62 William Cundall - brigantine
    [Show full text]
  • Motorship May 2020 USE.Indd
    MAY 2020 Vol. 101 Issue 1181 New lube injector TC special Modular solutions Wärtsilä ammonia HJL innovation ABB Turbo references From engines to vessels Kaj Portin interview ALSO IN THIS ISSUE: WinGD’s Andreas Schmid | Dutch H2SHIPS interview | Ropax design | FuelSave targets 2-strokes A smarter perspective on marine propulsion Sustainable solutions driving engine efficiency and performance to deliver a low carbon future. wingd.com 356210_WinGD_SmarterPerspective_TheMotorship_May_210x214_Af.indd 1 22/04/2020 16:01 Replace Gear Pumps and Screw Pumps 1:1* With KRAL Pumps. Advice from pump specialists. Highest level of quality. Upgrade your possibilities. Download pump exchange list. *Due to various arrangements our pumps allow for the most part exchanging without changes to the piping in system. without changes the most part exchanging for our pumps allow arrangements *Due to various K20r2a0l -M05a_yK 2R0A2L0..iinndddd 1 1 19.0250.2/0250/2 0028:02 8 :1490:44 CONTENTS MAY 2020 10 FEATURES 20 10 The MIDAS touch Modular approaches off er advantages NEWS 4 40 but defi nitions of modularity vary upon whether you are addressing engine 24 Wärtsilä 2-stroke optimisation REGULARS designers, system integrators or class Wärtsilä has launched a two-stroke engine society engineers, Stevie Knight discovers. optimisation technology for selected Wärtsilä RT-fl ex and earlier deliveries of X-type two- 8 14 Step change stroke engines after successfully trialling the Leader Briefi ng Hans Jensen Lubricators’ new lubrication technology. The Fuel Effi ciency Boost improves Carlo Cecchi of Yaskawa/ system for two-stroke engines eliminates The Switch off ers a the need for cylinder lubrication pumps and 26 Japanese ammonia consortium personal perspective off ers a signifi cant reduction in CLOC rates.
    [Show full text]
  • Download File
    Inclusive National Belonging Intercultural Performances in the “World-Open” Germany Bruce Snedegar Burnside Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy under the Executive Committee of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2020 © 2020 Bruce Snedegar Burnside All Rights Reserved Abstract Inclusive National Belonging Intercultural Performances in the “World-Open” Germany Bruce Snedegar Burnside This dissertation explores what it means to belong in Berlin and Germany following a significant change in the citizenship laws in 2000, which legally reoriented the law away from a “German” legal identity rooted in blood-descent belonging to a more territorially-based conception. The primary goal is to understand attempts at performing inclusive belonging by the state and other actors, with mostly those of “foreign heritage” at the center, and these attempts’ pitfalls, opportunities, challenges, and strange encounters. It presents qualitative case studies to draw attention to interculturality and its related concepts as they manifest in a variety of contexts. This study presents a performance analysis of a ceremony at a major national museum project and utilizes a discursive analysis of the national and international media surrounding a unique controversy about soccer and Islam. The study moves to a peripheral neighborhood in Berlin and a marginal subject, a migration background Gymnasium student, who featured prominently in an expose about failing schools, using interviews and a text analysis to present competing narratives. Finally it examines the intimate, local view of a self-described “intercultural” after- school center aimed at migration-background girls, drawing extensively on ethnographic interviews and media generated by the girls.These qualitative encounters help illuminate how an abstract and often vague set of concepts within the intercultural paradigm becomes tactile when encountering those for whom it was intended.
    [Show full text]
  • Wolf Pack Operations in the North Atlantic, 10 February-22 March 1944
    Failure at Sea: Wolf Pack Operations in the North Atlantic, 10 February-22 March 1944 David Syrett Despite the turning point in the Atlantic campaign in May 1943, the great strategic objective during the first months of 1944 for German U-boats still remained to try to cut the transatlantic supply lines between North America and Great Britain. If this could be done, German planners reasoned, the Allies would be incapable of mounting an invasion of northwestern Europe in the spring of 1944.1 The U-boats in 1943 thus undertook large- scale attacks on convoys in the North Atlantic in an attempt to sever the Allies' maritime supply routes. In a series of convoy battles in which the submarines suffered heavy losses but sunk few Allied ships, the Germans were decisively defeated and the U-boats were forced to withdraw from the mid-Atlantic convoy routes.2 This was a major defeat and ended any realistic chance the Germans had of cutting the transatlantic convoy routes. The defeat of the U-boats in 1943 was due to Allied superiority in tactics, weapon systems, and above all in communications intelligence.3 Not only were the locations of U-boats betrayed by communications intelligence but, by the beginning of 1944, the Allies had the resources in the form of both carrier-borne and land-based aircraft, as well as surface escorts, to operate with overpowering force against the Germans in any part of the North Atlantic.4 Moreover, these surface escorts and aircraft were equipped with the latest and most sophisticated types of detection devices and weapons.5 To make matters worse for the Germans, they did not at the time fully understand the reasons for the defeat of their U-boats in the mid-North Atlantic in 1943.6 Nor at the beginning of 1944 did they know that an Allied invasion of northwestern Europe was imminent and that it would most likely occur in the spring of 1944.7 Hence, they saw no real strategic alternative other than to continue the U-boat offensive against Allied convoys despite the losses they had sustained in the previous months.
    [Show full text]
  • University Microfilms
    INFORMATION TO USERS This dissertation w s s produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand marki!^ or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document phorographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was posable to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting tiiru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin phoroing at the upper left hand comer of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography of Child Study for the Years 1908-1909
    UNITED STATES BUREAU OF EDUCATION BULLETIN, 1911, NO. 11 WHOLE NUMBER 457 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF CHILD STUDY FOR THE YEARS 1908-1909. By LOUIS N. WILSON, LIBRARIAN OF CLARK UNIVERSITY WORCESTER, MASS. WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1911 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF EDUCATION. - ■ : . - ' ' - - 1906. No. 1. The Education Bill oi 1906 for England and Wales, as it passed the House of | Commons. By Anna Tolman Smith, of the Bureau of Education. 2d edition^ 1907. pp. 48. No. 2. German views of American education, with particular reference to industrial development. Collated from the Reports of the Royal Prussian Industrial Com¬ mission of 1904. By William N. Hailmann, Professor of the History and Philoso- i phy of Education, Chicago Normal School. 2d edition, 1907. pp. 55. No. 3. State school systems: Legislation and judicial decisions relating to public j education, October 1, 1904, to October 1, 1906. By Edward C. Elliott, Professor , of Education in the University of Wisconsin. 2d edition, revised, 1907. pp. 156. 1907. | No. 1. The continuation school in the United States. By Arthur J. Jones, Fellow \ in Education, Teachers College, Columbia University, pp. 157. j No. 2. Agricultural education, including nature study and school gardens. By James Ralph Jewell, sometime Fellow of Clark University. 2d edition, revised, 1908. pp. 148. No. 3. The auxiliary schools of Germany. Six lectures by B. Maennel, Rector of Mittelschule in Halle. Translated by Fletcher Bascom Dresslar, Associate Pro¬ fessor of the Science and Art of Teaching, University of California, pp. 137. No. 4. The elimination of pupils from school. By Edward L. Thorndike, Professor of Educational Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, pp.
    [Show full text]