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Crustal Deformation Associated with the 1960 Earthquake Events in the South of Chile
Paper No. CDDFV CRUSTAL DEFORMATION ASSOCIATED WITH THE 1960 EARTHQUAKE EVENTS IN THE SOUTH OF CHILE Felipe Villalobos 1 ABSTRACT Large earthquakes can cause significant subsidence and uplifts of one or two meters. In the case of subsidence, coastal and fluvial retaining structures may therefore no longer be useful, for instance, against flooding caused by a tsunami. However, tectonic subsidence caused by large earthquakes is normally not considered in geotechnical designs. This paper describes and analyses the 1960 earthquakes that occurred in the south of Chile, along almost 1000 km between Concepción and the Taitao peninsula. Attention is paid to the 9.5 moment magnitude earthquake aftermath in the city of Valdivia, where a tsunami occurred followed by the overflow of the Riñihue Lake. Valdivia and its surrounding meadows were flooded due to a subsidence of approximately 2 m. The paper presents hypotheses which would explain why today the city is not flooded anymore. Answers can be found in the crustal deformation process occurring as a result of the subduction thrust. Various hypotheses show that the subduction mechanism in the south of Chile is different from that in the north. It is believed that there is also an elastic short-term effect which may explain an initial recovery and a viscoelastic long-term effect which may explain later recovery. Furthermore, measurements of crustal deformation suggest that a process of stress relaxation is still occurring almost 50 years after the main seismic event. Keywords: tectonic subsidence, 1960 earthquakes, Valdivia, crustal deformation, stress relaxation INTRODUCTION Tectonic subsidence or uplift is not considered in any design of onshore or near shore structures. -
Role of Point Sources on the Dissemination of Antibiotic Resistance in the Environment
ROLE OF POINT SOURCES ON THE DISSEMINATION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY IRENE BUENO PADILLA IN PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Randall S. Singer, Dominic A. Travis (Advisors) October 2018 Irene Bueno Padilla, October 2018© Acknowledgements I would like to first of all acknowledge my advisors, Drs. Randall S. Singer and Dominic A. Travis. Dominic, you have always been so supportive, even before the PhD when you guided me through my MPH and encouraged me to continue with a PhD. Thank you for all the valuable time you have spent with me and for all I have learned with you. Randy, thank you so much for believing and trusting in me to conduct an international project in Chile. Thank you both for so many learning opportunities, for allowing me to be creative while guiding me when I got off track. I would also like to thank my committee members (Drs. Claudia Muñoz-Zanzi, Tim J. Johnson, and Nick Phelps) for their patience and support throughout my PhD. I would also like to give special thanks to Jessica Williams-Nguyen, Haejin Hwang, André Nault, and Jan Sargeant for their contribution to the development of the two systematic reviews. Furthermore, I would like to thank Drs. Satoshi Ishii, Qian Zhang and especially Britta Wass and the rest of the Singer lab staff for their help with the molecular laboratory methods. I would really like to thank all the people in Chile that have made this work possible: Dr. -
Do Large Private Protected Areas Contribute to Sustainable Development? a Case Study from the Huilo Huilo Biological Reserve in Neltume, Chile
Research eco.mont – Volume 9, Number 1, January 2017 ISSN 2073-106X print version – ISSN 2073-1558 online version: http://epub.oeaw.ac.at/eco.mont 5 https://dx.doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-9-1s5 Do large private protected areas contribute to sustainable development? A case study from the Huilo Huilo Biological Reserve in Neltume, Chile Benedikt Hora Keywords: private protected areas, sustainable tourism, Chilean Andes, economic transition Abstract Profile This study explores the impacts perceived by the local population in Neltume, a Protected area small rural village in the mountains of southern Chile, after a private protected area, the Huilo Huilo Biological Reserve, was established. Since the 1990s, Neltume Huilo Huilo Biological has experienced economic transition from the forestry sector to the development of special-interest tourism. This research aims to investigate how this transition affects the local population and tourism in the area. Methods used were secondary data Reserve review, participant observation, semi-structured interviews with key informants, and questionnaires with local householders, students and tourists. The results indicate Mountain range that this kind of private protected area plays an important role in local development. However, such developments could present a risk in the future because they create a Andes strong dependency for local inhabitants on just one economic activity. Country Chile Introduction nancially to implement a rainforest protection area where the forest was threatened by logging. Another Private actors have become increasingly prominent example is the Mbaracayú Natural Forest Reserve in in conserving naturally valuable areas. Their numbers Paraguay, which aims to protect the Atlantic Forest, are rising thanks in particular to neoliberal tendencies one of the five world biodiversity hotspots (Quintana in conservation which emphasize and strengthen the & Morse 2005). -
Invaders Without Frontiers: Cross-Border Invasions of Exotic Mammals
Biological Invasions 4: 157–173, 2002. © 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. Review Invaders without frontiers: cross-border invasions of exotic mammals Fabian M. Jaksic1,∗, J. Agust´ın Iriarte2, Jaime E. Jimenez´ 3 & David R. Mart´ınez4 1Center for Advanced Studies in Ecology & Biodiversity, Pontificia Universidad Catolica´ de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile; 2Servicio Agr´ıcola y Ganadero, Av. Bulnes 140, Santiago, Chile; 3Laboratorio de Ecolog´ıa, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 933, Osorno, Chile; 4Centro de Estudios Forestales y Ambientales, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 933, Osorno, Chile; ∗Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]; fax: +56-2-6862615) Received 31 August 2001; accepted in revised form 25 March 2002 Key words: American beaver, American mink, Argentina, Chile, European hare, European rabbit, exotic mammals, grey fox, muskrat, Patagonia, red deer, South America, wild boar Abstract We address cross-border mammal invasions between Chilean and Argentine Patagonia, providing a detailed history of the introductions, subsequent spread (and spread rate when documented), and current limits of mammal invasions. The eight species involved are the following: European hare (Lepus europaeus), European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), wild boar (Sus scrofa), and red deer (Cervus elaphus) were all introduced from Europe (Austria, France, Germany, and Spain) to either or both Chilean and Argentine Patagonia. American beaver (Castor canadensis) and muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) were introduced from Canada to Argentine Tierra del Fuego Island (shared with Chile). The American mink (Mustela vison) apparently was brought from the United States of America to both Chilean and Argentine Patagonia, independently. The native grey fox (Pseudalopex griseus) was introduced from Chilean to Argentine Tierra del Fuego. -
Una Región Que Se Proyecta En Turismo
1 Los Ríos Atrae, Turismo de Intereses Especiales 2 Attractions in Los Ríos: Special Interest Tourism 3 Registro de Propiedad Intelectual / Intellectual Property register Inscripción Nº 240973 1ª Edición / First Edition: 1500 copies Marzo 2014 / March 2014 Valdivia, Chile Todos los derechos reservados. Ninguna parte de esta publicación puede ser reproducida, almacenada en un sistema de recuperación o transmitida, en cualquier forma o por cualquier medio, sea electrónico, mecánico, fotocopia, grabación u otra forma, sin la previa autorización de los editores. All rights reserved. No part of this publication might be reproduced, stored in a database or transmitted electronically or by any other means; electronic or mechanical, photocopy, record or any other, without the prior permission of the publishers. Comité Editorial. Gobierno Regional de Los Ríos: Egon Montecinos, Intendente. Corporación Regional de Desarrollo Productivo de Los Ríos: Daniel Saldívar, Gerente. 4 Universidad Santo Tomás Valdivia: Laura Bertolotto, Rectora. 5 Editor y Coordinador General: Eduardo Javier López, Jefe Carrera de Diseño, Santo Tomás Valdivia. Dirección de Arte: Néstor Gutiérrez, Docente y Diseñador, Santo Tomás Valdivia. Textos: Natalie Faure, Periodista. Traducción: Ian Scott. Los Ríos Atrae, Turismo de Intereses Especiales Fotógrafo: Miguel Ángel Bustos. Agradecimientos fotográficos: Sernatur, Gobierno Regional de Los Ríos y ProChile. Attractions in Los Ríos: Special Interest Tourism Libro financiado por el Gobierno Regional de Los Ríos, a través de la Corporación Regional de Desarrollo Productivo de Los Ríos. Concurso adjudicado por la Universidad Santo Tomás Valdivia, desarrollado por Carrera de Diseño Gráfico del Instituto Profesional Santo Tomás de Valdivia. This book is financed by the Rios Regional government, through the Corporation of Regional Development. -
Redalyc.Southern Chile, Trout and Salmon Country: Invasion Patterns
Revista Chilena de Historia Natural ISSN: 0716-078X [email protected] Sociedad de Biología de Chile Chile SOTO, DORIS; ARISMENDI, IVÁN; GONZÁLEZ, JORGE; SANZANA, JOSÉ; JARA, FERNANDO; JARA, CARLOS; GUZMAN, ERWIN; LARA, ANTONIO Southern Chile, trout and salmon country: invasion patterns and threats for native species Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, vol. 79, núm. 1, 2006, pp. 97-117 Sociedad de Biología de Chile Santiago, Chile Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=369944277009 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative TROUT AND SALMON IN SOUTHERN CHILERevista Chilena de Historia Natural97 79: 97-117, 2006 Southern Chile, trout and salmon country: invasion patterns and threats for native species Sur de Chile, país de truchas y salmones: patrones de invasión y amenazas para las especies nativas DORIS SOTO1,2,*, IVÁN ARISMENDI1, JORGE GONZÁLEZ1, JOSÉ SANZANA1, FERNANDO JARA3, CARLOS JARA4, ERWIN GUZMAN1 & ANTONIO LARA5 1 Núcleo Milenio FORECOS, Laboratorio Ecología Acuática, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 1327, Puerto Montt, Chile 2 Present address: Inland Water Resources and Aquaculture Service (FIRI), Fisheries Department, FAO of UN, Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100, Rome, Italy 3 Universidad San Sebastián, Casilla 40-D, Puerto Montt, Chile 4 Instituto de Zoología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 653, Valdivia, Chile 5 Núcleo Milenio FORECOS, Instituto de Silvicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 653, Valdivia, Chile; *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT In order to evaluate the present distribution patterns of salmonids and their potential effects on native fish, we sampled 11 large lakes and 105 streams, encompassing a total of 13 main hydrographic watersheds of southern Chile (39o to 52o S). -
Bertrand Et Al., 2008A; Bertrand and Fagel, 2008)
1 Bulk organic geochemistry of sediments from Puyehue Lake and its watershed (Chile, 2 40°S): Implications for paleoenvironmental reconstructions 3 4 Sébastien Bertrand1,*, Mieke Sterken2, Lourdes Vargas-Ramirez3, Marc De Batist4, Wim 5 Vyverman2, Gilles Lepoint5, and Nathalie Fagel6 6 7 1 Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 360 Woods Hole Road, 8 MA02536, Woods Hole, USA. Tel: 1-508-289-3410, Fax: 1-508-457-2193 9 2 Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, University of Ghent, Krijgslaan 281 S8, 9000 Gent, Belgium 10 3 Instituto de Investigaciones Geológicas y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, 11 Bolivia 12 4 Renard Centre of Marine Geology, University of Ghent, Krijgslaan 281 S8, 9000 Gent, Belgium 13 5 Oceanology Laboratory, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium 14 6 Clays and Paleoclimate Research Unit, Sedimentary Geochemistry, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium 15 16 *Corresponding author: [email protected] 17 18 Abstract (376 words) 19 Since the last deglaciation, the mid-latitudes of the southern Hemisphere have 20 undergone considerable environmental changes. In order to better understand the response of 21 continental ecosystems to paleoclimate changes in southern South America, we investigated 22 the sedimentary record of Puyehue Lake, located in the western piedmont of the Andes in 23 south-central Chile (40°S). We analyzed the elemental (C, N) and stable isotopic (δ13C, δ15N) 24 composition of the sedimentary organic matter preserved in the lake and its watershed to 25 estimate the relative changes in the sources of sedimentary organic carbon through space and 26 time. -
Distribution Patterns of Flora and Fauna in Southern Chilean Coastal Rain
Biodivers Conserv (2007) 16:2627–2648 DOI 10.1007/s10531-006-9073-2 ORIGINAL PAPER Distribution patterns of flora and fauna in southern Chilean Coastal rain forests: Integrating Natural History and GIS Cecilia Smith-Ramı´rez Æ Iva´n Dı´az Æ Patricio Pliscoff Æ Claudio Valdovinos Æ Marco A. Me´ndez Æ Juan Larraı´n Æ Horacio Samaniego Received: 17 August 2005 / Accepted: 19 May 2006 / Published online: 27 October 2006 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2006 Abstract Knowledge of species richness centers is necessary for the design of conservation areas. In this study, we present a GIS analysis of two years of field data on animal and plant diversity distributions in evergreen, coastal rain forests of southern Chile (39°30¢–41°25¢ S). Despite their high endemism, these forests have remained largely unprotected. Field records were complemented with data from museum collections and scientific literature. We used selected environmental vari- ables (evapotranspiration, altitude) and, in some cases, forest types as predictors of species distributions. Our study focused on the distribution of forest bryophytes, vascular plants, soil invertebrates, amphibians and birds. We generated distribu- tional maps for each taxa based on their field records in the study area, comple- C. Smith-Ramı´rez (&) Center for Advanced Studies in Ecology and Biodiversity (CASEB), P. Universidad Cato´ lica and Fundacio´ n Senda Darwin (FSD), 1220, Valdivia, Chile e-mail: [email protected] I. Dı´az Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida and FSD, Gainesville, FL, USA P. Pliscoff FSD, Roman Dı´az 390, dpto. 902, Providencia, Santiago, Chile C. -
Assessing the Effect of Fish Size on Species Distribution Model Performance in Southern Chilean Rivers
Assessing the effect of fish size on species distribution model performance in southern Chilean rivers Daniel Zamorano1,2, Fabio A. Labra1,3, Marcelo Villarroel2, Shaw Lacy4, Luca Mao5,6, Marcelo A. Olivares7,8 and Matías Peredo-Parada2 1 Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile 2 Plataforma de Investigación en Ecohidrología y Ecohidráulica Limitada, Santiago, Chile 3 Programa de Doctorado en Conservación y Gestión de la Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile 4 The School for Field Studies, Center for Climate Studies, Puerto Natales, Chile 5 Instituto de Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile 6 School of Geography, College of Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom 7 Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile 8 Centro de Energía, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile ABSTRACT Despite its theoretical relationship, the effect of body size on the performance of species distribution models (SDM) has only been assessed in a few studies, and to date, the evidence shows unclear results. In this context, Chilean fishes provide an ideal case to evaluate this relationship due to their short size (fishes between 5 cm and 40 cm) and conservation status, providing evidence for species at the lower end of the worldwide fish size distribution and representing a relevant management tool for species conservation. We assessed the effect of body size on the performance of SDM in nine Chilean river fishes, considering the number of records, performance metrics, and predictor importance. The study was developed in the Bueno and Valdivia basins of southern Chile. -
Fly Fishing Package Final
FUTANGUE HOTEL & SPA FLY FISHING PROGRAM CHILE´S LAKES & VOLCANOES EXPLORE THE PATAGONIAN ANDES IN FUTANGUE PARK GET READY for a journey through breathtaking natural landscapes, covered by vast expanses of pristine forests and majestic mountains. Venture among beautiful lakes, turquoise waterfalls, and spectacular lava fields. This remote and once impenetrable land now has a network of exclusive hiking trails, allowing visitors to enjoy nature like nowhere else in Patagonia. A NEW DESTINATION BETWEEN PUCON AND PUERTO VARAS MAGNIFICENT LOCATION FUTANGUE IS A PRIVATE NATURE RESERVE in the Chilean Northern Patagonia among the foothills of the Andes Mountains in the Los Ríos Region. The park is on the shores of one of Chile´s largest and most beautiful lakes - Lake Ranco, and is near to Puyehue National Park, with it´s stunning volcanic scenery. The area is also known for having some of the best-preserved examples of the Valdivian Rainforest, one of the most important biodiversity hotspots on the planet. Chile Argentina Ruta T-85, KM 22, N GETTING TO Riñinahue, Lago Ranco. Temuco 40°19’56.24”S FUTANGUE PARK Airport 72°13’38.14”O Araucanía Pucon Villarrica Airport Pichoy Valdivia Los Lagos Flights from Santiago to airports in: Reumen Lago Ranco Río Bueno Osorno Airport Cañal Bajo Temuco Villa La Angostura (ZCO) Valdivia (Araucanía) San Carlos de (ZAL) 1:20 hrs. Puerto Varas Bariloche (Pichoy) 1:25 hrs. Airport Osorno El Tepual Puerto Montt (ZOS) Pacific Ocean Puerto (Cañal Bajo) Montt 1:35 hrs. (PMC) Transfer time to the hotel from: (El Tepual) 1:40 hrs. -
HUILO HUILO BIOLOGICAL RESERVE Enjoy Life at a More Natural Pace, and Remember, Your Visit Helps Preserve the Natural, and Cultural Heritage of the South of Chile
WHAT TO KNOW BEFORE YOU TRAVEL HUILO HUILO BIOLOGICAL RESERVE Enjoy life at a more natural pace, and remember, your visit helps preserve the natural, and cultural heritage of the South of Chile. 1 2 CONTENT What is the Huilo Huilo Biological Reserve? ................................................... 4 Ecosystem; flora and fauna .......................................................................... 5 Rainfall and temperature table ........................................................................... 7 How is Huilo Huilo a sustainable reserve? ......................................................... 8 The Huilo Huilo Foundation ............................................................................. 10 Acknowledgements ..................................................................................... 13 How to get there .......................................................................................... 14 General Map of the Huilo Huilo Biological Reserve............................................... 15 Detailed map of the Reserve............................................................................ 18 Guest Information ........................................................................................... 20 Appropriate clothing and equipment ................................................................... 24 Guest Services at Huilo Huilo .......................................................................... 26 Day Visits ..................................................................................................... -
Total Solar Eclipse
Total Solar Eclipse DECEMBER 14, 2020 | COLICO, CHILE WHY WE LOVE At the point where Patagonia begins, there is a swath of land THIS TRIP! stretching 200 miles that will stop you in your tracks. There are volcanos and ancient forests dotted with crystal blue lakes, fjords, waterfalls and natural hot springs−and in 2020—the total solar eclipse. Named for its main defining feature the Chile’s Lakes District is the getaway choice for Chileans and in-the-know adventure-enthusiasts from around the world. Besides many opportunities for adventure activities on both water and land, you’ll learn about the rich local culture, both from the indigenous Mapuche and the more recent German settlers. See this area through the historical lens of the Mapuche legends, cuisine and handicrafts for an important perspective on Chilean culture. START / END WHERE Temuco / Temuco Colico WHEN TO GO OVERNIGHT Dec. 12th – Dec 16th 2020 Private home or Outpost SOLAR ECLIPSE As if near-summer Patagonian days could not be more perfect, on December 14, 2020, parts of Chile will once again be plunged into daytime darkness as the moon passes between the earth and the sun, fully blotting it out in a solar total eclipse. The path of the lunar shadow on this date will be a narrow 90-km band, and our viewing spots at Lago Colico are perfect for appreciating totality in the minute-or-so surrounding the greatest eclipse time at 1:13 PM. Photographers, eclipse chasers and sky-lovers won’t want to miss this infrequent event made all the more special by the glittering lakes and native forests that surround it.