Project Proposal to the Adaptation Fund
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PROJECT PROPOSAL TO THE ADAPTATION FUND PART I: PROJECT INFORMATION Project Category: Regular Country: Namibia Title of Project: Community-based integrated farming systems for climate change adaptation Type of Implementing Entity: National Implementing Entity (NIE) Implementing Entity: Desert Research Foundation of Namibia (DRFN) Executing Entity: Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST) Amount of Financing Requested: USD 5,000,000 1 This comprehensively expanded version of an earlier proposal will assist vulnerable small-scale communal farmers in two regions of Namibia to implement adaptation actions and practices that strengthen their resilience and that of their farming systems to climate variability and change. The two regions, Omusati and Omaheke region, were selected to be models for climate change adaptation for other regions of the country. The proposed 5-year project has a budget of USD 5,000,000 and will be executed by Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST) with the Desert Research Foundation of Namibia (DRFN) as the Implementing Entity. The project approaches adaptation of the agricultural and natural resource-based sector in Namibia to climate change in a comprehensive manner that increases production efficiency and brings value-added products to market effectively, by investing in techniques, technologies and in people. At the community level, cross-cutting concepts are integrated to make communal farming systems more adaptive to climate change and variability. The project is expected to benefit indirectly approximately 22,658 or 13.5% of the total population in the selected constituencies of which 46.5 % are women, and 40% children. The primary focus of the proposed project is to strengthen the adaptive capacities of vulnerable communities, including women- headed households, and enhance resilience of their farming system to climate variability. The proposed project has three major components that complement and strengthen each other: • Component 1 entails improved ecosystem management by implementing climate- smart management and rehabilitation techniques that improve the fodder flow and ecological services provided by natural rangelands, thus making local pastoral and dry-land cropping communities more resilient against climate variability and change. • Component 2 entails the implementation of climate-smart production, management and value-addition techniques in local and regional crop and animal (wild game and livestock) production systems and value chains, to enhance the adaptive capacity of communities vulnerable to climate variability and change along the whole value chain. • Component 3 aims to strengthen the knowledge and skills of vulnerable communities required to adapt and become more resilient to climate change and variability, and the (operational) capacity of institutions to deliver services effectively, by building their capacity along the whole value chain(s) that they are involved in, as well as improve the capacity of institutions serving the farming sector to provide more effective services. Special care is taken to include marginalised communities in these interventions. If these interventions are successful in helping local communities in the two model regions adapt to climate change successfully, they can be rolled out to other regions of Namibia with a fair chance of success. In terms of impact, the proposed project is categorised as Category B, meaning that there are hardly any adverse environmental or social impacts. The project is also congruent to national developmental strategies and policies, and is considered to meet all the major outcomes of the Results Framework and the Environmental, Social and Gender principles of the Adaptation Fund. Furthermore, the project takes the Sustainable Development Goals into consideration, in particular Goal 15, which pertains to “managed forests, combat desertification, halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss” and with special emphasis on Goal 5, regarding gender equality and empowerment of women-headed households. 2 Abbreviations and acronyms AF: Adaptation Fund AF RF: Adaptation Fund Results Framework AFOLU: Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Uses (sector) AMTA: Agricultural Marketing and Trade Agency of Namibia CA: Conservation Agriculture CPP-ISLM: Country Pilot Partnership for Integrated Sustainable Land Management DA: Designated Authority DAPEES: Directorate of Agricultural Production, Extension and Engineering Services DoF: Directorate of Forestry DRFN: Desert Research Foundation of Namibia EE: Executing Entity ESG: Environmental, social and gender FA: Farmers’ Academy GCM: Global Climate Model GDP: Gross domestic product IPCC: Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change IPM: Integrated pest management ISLM: Integrated Sustainable Land Management LEDA: Local Economic Development Agency MAWF: Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry MET: Ministry of Environment and Tourism NCA: Northern Communal Areas NDP: National Development Plan NGO: Non-governmental organization NIE: National Implementing Entity NPC: National Planning Commission NRMPS: Namibia National Rangeland Management Policy and Strategy 3 NTA: Namibia Training Authority NUST: Namibia University of Science and Technology PC: Project Component PL: Project Leader PSU: Projects Services Unit RC: Regional Council SMEs: Small and medium-sized enterprises SRM: Sustainable rangeland management UNFCCC: United Nations Framework on Climate Change Convention VCF: Veterinary Cordon Fence 4 Contents PART I: PROJECT INFORMATION ................................ ...........................................................1 1. Socio-economic, climatic and environmental background ............................... 9 2. Climate change models and scenarios ............................................................... 10 3. The climate change-induced problem ................................................................. 13 4. Project location ..................................................................................................... 16 A. Project objectives ........................................................................................................23 B. Project components and financing ............................................................................28 C. Projected calendar .......................................................................................................34 PART II: PROJECT JUSTIFICATION ...................................................................................... 35 A. Project components ....................................................................................................35 1. Component 1: Improve ecosystem management ............................................... 35 2. Component 2: Climate-Smart crop and animal production systems ................ 60 3. Component 3: Individual and Institutional capacity development .................... 82 B. Economic, social and environmental benefits ..........................................................92 C. Cost-effectiveness .....................................................................................................100 D. National sustainable development strategies ......................................................... 108 E. National technical standards .................................................................................... 111 G. Duplication with other funding sources ................................................................... 116 H. Learning and knowledge management .................................................................... 121 I. Consultative process ................................................................................................123 J. Sustainability of the project outcomes .................................................................... 136 K. Environmental and social impacts and risks ........................................................... 137 PART III: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS ................................................................. 145 A. Arrangements for project implementation ............................................................... 145 B. Financial and project risk management ................................................................... 149 C. Environmental and social risk management ........................................................... 151 D. Monitoring and evaluation ........................................................................................153 5 E. Results framework .....................................................................................................157 F. Alignment with the Results Framework of the Adaptation Fund ........................... 163 G. Detailed budget ..........................................................................................................166 H. Disbursement schedule ............................................................................................ 177 I. References .................................................................................................................179 PART IV: ENDORSEMENT BY GOVERNMENT AND CERTIFICATION BY THE IMPLEMENTING ENTITY ....................................................................................... 183 ANNEXURES ......................................................................................................................... 184 6 Tables Table 1: Adverse effects of climate change on crop and livestock