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WWF-Turkiye, Ramsar Alanlari Degerlendirme Raporu

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WWF-Turkiye, Ramsar Alanlari Degerlendirme Raporu TÜRK ĐYE’DEK Đ RAMSAR ALANLARI DE ĞERLEND ĐRME RAPORU WWF-TÜRK ĐYE (DO ĞAL HAYATI KORUMA VAKFI ) 1 Bu rapor WWF-Türkiye (Do ğal Hayatı Koruma Vakfı) tarafından hazırlanmı ştır. Editör: Deniz Şilliler Tapan Metinler : Buket Bahar Dıvrak, WWF-Türkiye Ceren Ayas, WWF-Türkiye Galena Đş , WWF-Türkiye Damla Beton,ODTÜ Biyoloji Bölümü Đdil Çakıro ğlu, ODTÜ Biyoloji Bölümü Alan Çalı şması: Damla Beton Đdil Çakıro ğlu Türkiye’nin 12 Ramsar alanı De ğerlendirme Raporu 2008 yılında WWF-Türkiye (Do ğal Hayatı Koruma Vakfı) tarafından basılmı ştır. Metinlerin tamamı ve kısmi kullanımı için yukarıda belirtilen yayımcı ve telif hakkı sahibine referans verilmesi gerekmektedir. Raporda belirtilen görü şler yazara ait olup, WWF’nin görü şünü yansıtma zorunlulu ğunda de ğildir. 2008 WWF-Türkiye (Do ğal Hayatı Koruma Vakfı). Tüm hakkı saklıdır. 2 Đçindekiler Yönetici Özeti ............................................................................................................. 1 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................. 2 Ara ştırma Hakkında Genel Bilgiler ................................................................................... 3 Sulak Alanlarla Đlgili Genel Bilgiler ....................................................................................4 Dünyadaki Sulak Alanlar .................................................................................................... 6 Türkiye’deki Sulak Alanlar ................................................................................................. 7 Ramsar Sulak Alanlar Anla şması...................................................................................... 13 Ramsar Yönetim Planı Yakla şımı...................................................................................... 15 Türkiye’de Sulak Alan Yönetimi ...................................................................................... 19 Türkiye’nin 12 Ramsar Alanı Güncel Durum Manyas (Ku ş) Gölü ................................................................................................ 21 Burdur Gölü ........................................................................................................... 29 Sultan Sazlı ğı .......................................................................................................... 37 Seyfe Gölü ............................................................................................................... 46 Göksu Deltası .......................................................................................................... 51 Kızılırmak Deltası .................................................................................................. 61 Uluabat Gölü ........................................................................................................... 68 Akyatan Lagünü ..................................................................................................... 76 Gediz Deltası ........................................................................................................... 83 Yumurtalık Lagünü ............................................................................................... 95 Meke Maarı ........................................................................................................... 103 Kızören Obru ğu .................................................................................................... 106 Genel De ğerlendirme ve Yorumlar.................................................................................. 108 12 Ramsar Alanı Hakkında Kısa Bilgiler ....................................................................... 108 Brief Information on 12 Ramsar Sites ............................................................................ 113 Türkiye’deki Sulak Alanların Korunması ve Etkin Bir Su Yönetimi için Atılması Gereken Adımlar .............................................................................................................. 118 Towards a Sustainable and Effective Water Management in Turkey.......................... 119 WWF-Türkiye Daha Etkin Bir Su Yönetimi Đçin Ne Yapıyor...................................... 123 Kaynakça ........................................................................................................................... 125 3 TÜRK ĐYE’N ĐN RAMSAR ALANLARI DE ĞERLEND ĐRME RAPORU Yönetici Özeti ‘Türkiye’nin Ramsar Alanları De ğerlendirme Raporu’, ülkemizde Ramsar Alanı olarak tescillenmi ş 12 sulak alanın güncel durumunu de ğerlendirmek ve aynı zamanda sulak alanların i şlev ve de ğerleri, ülkemizde sulak alan yönetimi ve sorunlar hakkında genel bilgi vermek amacıyla WWF-Türkiye (Do ğal Hayatı Koruma Vakfı) tarafından hazırlanmı ştır. Raporda; Türkiye’nin uluslararası Ramsar Sözle şmesi gere ğince koruma altına aldı ğı Gediz Deltası, Manyas (Ku ş) Gölü, Burdur Gölü, Sultansazlı ğı, Seyfe Gölü, Göksu Deltası, Kızılırmak Deltası, Uluabat Gölü, Akyatan Lagünü, Yumurtalık Lagünü, Meke Gölü ve Kızören Obru ğu’nda resmi kurumlar ve yöre halkıyla yapılan görü şmeler ve alanlarla ilgili derlenen bilgiler yer almaktadır. Türkiye’de, son 40 yılda 1 milyon 300 bin hektar sulak alan kuruma ve kirlenme gibi nedenlerle ekolojik ve ekonomik i şlevini yitirmi ştir. Bugüne kadar izlenen yanlı ş yönetim ve kullanım uygulamalarına, küresel iklim de ğişikli ğinin etkileri de eklenince ülkemizde bulunan yakla şık 1,2 milyon hektar sulak alanın gelece ğinin güvende oldu ğu söylemek oldukça zordur. Sultansazlı ğı’nda bilinçsiz ve a şırı tarımsal su çekimi nedeniyle bugün gelinen noktada sazlıkları besleyen neredeyse su kayna ğı kalmamı ş; bölgenin iklimi sertle şmi ş ve sulak alana ba ğlı ekonomik faaliyetler gün geçtikçe azalmaktadır. Yumurtalık Lagünü’ne barajlardan dolayı su giri şi azalmakta; Gediz Deltası sanayi kaynaklı atık sularla her geçen gün daha da kirlenmektedir. Uluabat Gölü tarımsal, endüstriyel ve evsel kullanım kıskacı altındayken di ğer tarafta Kızören Obru ğu’nda su seviyesi yakla şık 20 m dü şmü ştür. Türkiye’nin en büyük lagünü olan ve en büyük kumulları barındıran Akyatan Lagünü’ne drenaj kanallarıyla tarım ilacı, gübre ve alüvyon ta şınmı ş durumdadır . Ramsar Sekreteryası, 2008 yılının temasını insan ve sulak alan arasındaki ili şkinin altını çizmek amacıyla ‘Sa ğlıklı Sulak Alanlar, Sa ğlıklı Đnsanlar’ olarak belirlemi ştir. Sa ğlıklı sulak alanlar; sa ğladıkları hayati öneme sahip i şlev ve de ğerlerle do ğrudan insan ya şamını ve kalitesini etkilemektedir. Amerika Birle şik Devletleri’nde yapılan ara ştırmalar bazı sulak alanların bozulmadan bırakılmasının (ta şkın kontrolü, kirlili ğin önlenmesi, iklimin düzenlenmesi, yeraltı suyunun beslenmesi vb), kalkınma amacıyla kurutulmasından 150 kat daha fazla de ğer ta şıdı ğını göstermektedir. Resmi temsilcilik i şlemleri Çevre ve Orman Bakanlı ğı, Do ğa Koruma ve Milli Parklar Genel Müdürlü ğü tarafından yürütülen Uluslararası Ramsar Sözle şmesi kapsamında; WWF-Türkiye Sivil Toplum Kurulu şları Odak Noktası olarak belirlenmi ştir. WWF-Türkiye bugüne kadar ülkemizdeki 12 sulak alanın Ramsar Alanı ilan edilmesine katkı koymu ş ve sulak alanlarımızın korunması, akılcı kullanımı ve yönetimi konusundaki çalı şmalarla öncülük etmi ştir. Halihazırda WWF-Türkiye sulak alanlardaki çalışmalarını Tuz Gölü, Ere ğli Sazlıkları, Bafa Gölü, E ğirdir Gölü, Uluabat Gölü, Fırtına Deresi’nde sürdürmektedir. “Türkiye’nin 12 Ramsar Alanı De ğerlendirme Raporu”; 12 alanda, dört aylık bir sürede hızlı bir de ğerlendirme yapılarak hazırlanmı ştır. De ğerlendirme kapsamında; alanlarla ilgili geçmi ş ve güncel çalı şmalar incelenmi ş, ayrıca yapılan arazi çalı şmaları ile bu alanların kuraklıktan nasıl etkilendi ği, alandaki farklı kullanımlar ve yereldeki insanların konuya bakı şı ele alınmı ştır. Bu rapor, Türkiye’de Ramsar Sözle şmesi tarafından koruma altına alınmı ş sulak 4 alanların durumunu tespit etmenin yanı sıra, iyi bir su yönetimi stratejisi olu şturmanın ne kadar acil bir ihtiyaç oldu ğunu ortaya koymaktır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Türkiye’nin Ramsar Alanları, Ramsar Sözle şmesi, sulak alan yönetim planlaması, Türkiye’de su kaynaklarının durumu, Gediz Deltası, Manyas (Ku ş) Gölü, Burdur Gölü, Sultansazlı ğı, Seyfe Gölü, Göksu Deltası, Kızılırmak Deltası, Uluabat Gölü, Akyatan Lagünü, Yumurtalık Lagünü, Meke Gölü, Kızören Obru ğu. Executive Summary ‘Turkey’s 12 Ramsar Sites Assessment Report’, prepared by WWF-Turkey serves for providing general information on wetlands in Turkey as well as contemporary situation of 12 Ramsar Sites located in Turkey. Generated from public institutions, local stakeholders and secondary resources out of a wide literature review; the report covers detailed information on Gediz Delta, Manyas (Ku ş) Lake, Burdur Lake, Sultan Marshes, Seyfe Lake, Göksu Delta, Kızılırmak Delta, Uluabat Lake, Akyatan Lagoon, Yumurtalık Lagoon, Meke Lake and Kızören Katavothre together with the state of wetlands in the world and in Turkey, Ramsar Wetland Convention, management plan approach and management of water resources in Turkey. 1.300.000 hectares of wetland had lost its ecological and economic functions in Turkey in the last 40 years. We are destroying our wetlands in an irreversable manner day by day. It can be put forward that the state of wetlands is not clear cut bearing in mind the managerial and implementation mis-use together with the impact of climate change. Today, it is not possible to talk about the availability of water in Sultan Marshes which in turn effects the climate of the region and have a negative
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