Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals
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Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals Secretariat provided by the United Nations Environment Programme THIRTEENTH MEETING OF THE CMS SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL Nairobi, Kenya, 16-18 November 2005 CMS/ScC.13/Inf.7 DRAFT INTERNATIONAL SINGLE SPECIES ACTION PLAN FOR THE WHITE-HEADED DUCK Oxyura leucocephala (Introductory note prepared by the Secretariat) The Single Species Action Plan for the White-headed Duck Oxyura leucocephala has been initiated as a joint initiative of AEWA, CMS and the European Commission. As regards CMS, the CMS Scientific Council at its twelfth meeting (Glasgow, April 2004) has approved in principle the co-funding by the Convention of a project aimed at extending the geographic scope the existing European Action Plan for the species. Initially, the plan was foreseen to be a EU plan only, but with the support and the legal framework of CMS and AEWA it was extended to cover the global range of the species. The drafting of the plan was carried out by BirdLife International and has been compiled by experts on the species from several organisations: Baz Hughes (WWT, UK) & James Robinson (RSPB, UK), Andy Green (Biological Station Doñana, Spain) and David Li & Taej Mundkur (Wetlands International-Asia) This final version is the result of a wide consultation amongst Range States within the species’ range, and all suggested amendments received through the official comments were incorporated. Consultation process within the EU took place via the Ornis Committee (the EU body for coordination of the implementation of the EU Birds Directive), and the plan was approved by the EU within the framework of that Committee. The Technical Committee of AEWA reviewed the document at its 6th meeting in May 2005 and made several minor proposals, which were later included by the compilers. The present version has been endorsed by the 3rd Meeting of the Parties (MOP3) to AEWA (Dakar, October 2005) for implementation in the AEWA region. European Union International Single Species Action Plan for the Conservation of the White-headed Duck Oxyura leucocephala Final version, August 2005 Compiled by: Baz Hughes1, James Robinson1, Andy Green2, David Li3 & Taej Mundkur4 1 The Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust, Slimbridge, Glos. GL2 7BT, UK. 2 Estación Biológica de Doñana, Avenida de María Luisa s/n, Pabellón del Perú, 41013 Sevilla, Spain. 3 Wetlands International, 3A39, Block A, Kelana Centre Point, SS7/19, Petaling Jaya, 47301, Selangor, Malaysia. 4 Wetlands International, A-25, 2nd Floor, Defence Colony, New Delhi - 110 024, India. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. with contributions from: A. K. Yurlov, Abdul Aleem Chaudhry, Alain Auve, Alberto Madroño, Alex Filatov, Alexander Solokha, Alexander Yakovlev, Anatoli Ostachenko, Andrei Gavrilov, Andres Kalamees, Andrew Grieve, Antra Stipniece, Attila Sándor, Axel Bräunlich, Bahtiyar Kurt, Batdelger Dashnamjilyn, Behrouz Behrouzi-Rad, Bernard Deceuninck, Christian Perennou, D. Salmakeyev, David Hoccom, David Lacina, Derek Scott, Elchin Sultanov, Eldar Rustamov, Elena Kreuzberg-Mukhina, Eva Cepakova, Evgeniya Lanovenko, Fernando Ibáñez, Gerhard Adams, Goetz Eichhorn, Gordienko Nadejda Sergeevna, Gradimir Gradev, Guven Eken, Guy Kirwan, Hamid Amini, Hans-Günther Bauer, He Fenqi, Hermann Hötker, Hichem Azafzaf, Holger Schielzeth, Ingar Jostein Øien, Islom Abdusalamov, Jamie Skinner, Jean- Paul Jacob, Jean-Pierre Cantera, Jeff Gordon, Joerg Ratayczak, Joost van der Ven, Jordi Muntaner, José Luis Echevarrías, José Torres Esquivias, Kashif Sheikh, Konstantin Kreiser, Lars Lachmann, Lei Gang, Liutauras Raudonikis, Luba Balyan, Lucy Lovett, M. Zafar-ul Islam, Ma Ming, Manuela Nunes, Marc van Roomen, Marcello Grussu, Maria Panayotopoulou, Mario Giménez, Marko Tucakov, Martin Schneider- Jacoby, Matías García, Matthias Kestenholz, Michael Brombacher, Michael Dvorak, Micheál O'Briain, Mike Smart, Myrrhy Gauser, Nicky Petkov, Niels Gilissen, Nyamba Batbayar, Ohad Hatzofe, Oleg Dudkin, Oskars Keišs, Pablo Almaraz García, Patric Lorgé, Paul Isenmann, Pedro Geraldes, Rahat Jabeen, Rastislav Rybanic, Ruud van Beusekom, S. Gombobaatar, Sadegh Sadeghi Zadegan, Sergey Bukreev, Sergey Dereliev, Sergey Yerokhov, Silvio Stucki, Slobodan Puzovic, Thomas Heinicke, Tibor Mikuska, Timme Nyegaard, Torsten Larsson, Tseveenmyadag Natsagdorj, Verena Keller, Vítor Encarnação, Vladislav Vasilyev, Ward Hagemeijer, Werner Müller, Will Cresswell, Wim Van den Bossche, Yavar Shahbazi, Yehoshua Shkedy, Zulfiqar Ali. Milestones in the Production of the Plan First draft: June 2005 presented to EC Ornis Committee Scientific Working group for comments Final draft: August 2005 Geographical Scope This International Single Species Action Plan requires implementation in the following countries regularly supporting White-headed Duck: Afghanistan, Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, China, France, Georgia, Greece, Iraq, Islamic Republic of Iran, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Morocco, Pakistan, Romania, Russian Federation, Spain, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. It should be implemented in the following countries where the introduced North American Ruddy Duck Oxyura jamaicensis occurs: Algeria, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Implementation is also required in any other countries within the range of the White-headed Duck where the Ruddy Duck is found in captivity. Reviews This International Single Species Action Plan should be revised in 2015. An emergency review will be undertaken if there are sudden major changes liable to affect the population. Credits The compilers wish to thank the following people who provided data and support during the production of this International Single Species Action Plan: Lieuwe Haanstra, Sergey Dereliev, Simon Delany, Szabolcs Nagy, and Umberto Gallo-Orsi. Recommended citation: Hughes, B., Robinson, J.A., Green, A.J., Li, Z.W.D. & Mundkur, T. (Compilers). 2005. International Single Species Action Plan for the White-headed Duck Oxyura leucocephala. CONTENTS Executive Summary...........................................................................................................................................1 1. Biological assessment ....................................................................................................................................3 2. Available key knowledge.............................................................................................................................10 3. Threats..........................................................................................................................................................13 3.1. Description of Threats ...........................................................................................................................13 4. Policies and legislation relevant for management .......................................................................................21 4.1. International Conservation and Legal Status .........................................................................................21 4.2. Member States/Contracting Parties Obligations....................................................................................22 4.3. National Policies, Legislation and Ongoing Activities..........................................................................24 4.4. Site (and Habitat) Protection and Research...........................................................................................29 4.5. Recent Conservation Measures and Attitude Towards the Species.......................................................30 5. Framework for action...................................................................................................................................40 5.1 White-headed Duck Action Plan Goal, Purpose, and Results ................................................................40 6. Activities by country....................................................................................................................................43 6.1 General Activities - White-headed Duck Range States..........................................................................43 6.2 General Activities – Ruddy Duck Range States .....................................................................................45 6.3 General Activities – Knowledge gaps ....................................................................................................46 7. References and the most relevant literature .................................................................................................47 8. Annexes........................................................................................................................................................51 Executive Summary The White-headed Duck Oxyura leucocephala is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. It is also listed on Annex I of the European Union Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds (79/409/EEC) (Birds Directive), on Appendix II of the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Bern Convention), on Appendix I of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn Convention), and Appendix II of the Convention