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Res Publica XVIII Res Publica - Journal of Undergraduate Research Volume 18 Issue 1 Article 1 April 2013 Res Publica XVIII Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/respublica Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation (2013) "Res Publica XVIII," Res Publica - Journal of Undergraduate Research: Vol. 18 Available at: https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/respublica/vol18/iss1/1 This Prefatory Notes is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Commons @ IWU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this material in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This material has been accepted for inclusion by editorial board of Res Publica and the Political Science Department at Illinois Wesleyan University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ©Copyright is owned by the author of this document. Res Publica XVIII Abstract Complete copy of the 2013 volume of Res Publica. This prefatory notes is available in Res Publica - Journal of Undergraduate Research: https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/respublica/vol18/iss1/1 RES PUBLICA Volume XVIII 2013 Res Publica is a publication of Pi Sigma Alpha, the Political Science Honor Society. It is funded by the Illinois Wesleyan University Student Senate. Editors: Zoe Gross Yelei Kong Associate Editors: Abby Carter Ryan Winter RES PUBLICA i TABLE OF CONTENTS Letter from the Department Chair ii Editors’ Introduction iii Authors’ Biographies iv Power and Fear: Explaining the Authoritarian Personality 1 Ryan Winter Why They Rise Up, or Not: A Study of Linguistic Minorities and Ethnic-National Mobilization 7 Yelei Kong It’s My Party System and I’ll Institutionalize If I Want to: Party System Institutionalization in Young Democracies 23 Zoe Gross Bubble Pop: An Analysis of Asian Pop Culture and Soft Power Potential 43 Nick Desideri Promoting Democracy in Ethnically Divided Societies: The Benefits of Combining Partition and Power-Sharing 63 Abigail Carter A Step toward Understanding Trust in the Government 85 Ted Delicath ii RES PUBLICA LETTER FROM THE DEPARTMENT CHAIR Welcome to Res Publica Volume XVIII! This year’s editors Zoe Gross and Yelei Kong use the trope of the chess game to draw attention to the competitive, strategic and rule-bound aspects of the study of politics. The papers collected here each in their own way show just how apt the metaphor is. Politics is about power, Abby Carter and Nick Desideri remind us, and the powerful compete mightily for control over government and resources. Multicultural states, divided into national majorities and national minorities, often succumb to the temptation of partition when the option of sharing power appears either unthinkable or inconvenient. Abby’s paper argues that the partition strategy yields diminishing democratic returns, while Nick argues that the South Koreans are playing the international reputation game more effectively than the Japanese. One rule of the political chessboard is that trust in government and civic worth vary inversely. When trust is low, elites are tempted to use policy-based or identity-based appeals strategically as instruments to solidify their authority. In the process they can feed nationalistic and authoritarian conceptions of worth. Ted Delicath shows how policy entrepreneurs build their careers around specific programs; he maps the skewed pattern of overall trust in government which results. Ryan Winter delineates the ways authoritarians build images of worth around fear. The two final papers, written by the co-editors, focus precisely on the degree of institutionalization in the competitive political game played between parties and ethnic groups. They highlight that the game of politics is not always routinized in a rule-bound way. Zoe emphasizes that while party systems can lend stability to democracy, elite leaders are faced with difficult trade-offs when deciding to enter any particular set of rules. Yelei develops his own indice of ethnic conflict to determine what prompts linguistic minorities to adopt a strategy of mobilizing a movement calling for more group autonomy. All in all, the papers offer strong corroboration of the department’s pride in its students’ capacities as knowledge producers. If obtaining a political science degree can be framed as a kind of chess game, these students have obtained a checkmate. Jim Simeone RES PUBLICA iii EDITORS’ INTRODUCTION “I therefore call any Republic a State ruled by laws, under whatever kind of administration there might be, because only then does the public interest govern, and is res publica a reality” – Rousseau, Of the Social Contract It has been a great privilege and honor to serve as the editors of Res Publica XVIII. Over the past semester, we have reviewed outstanding submissions from many of our peers and classmates. Although the selection process was difficult, we feel as the selected papers show that commitment to academia is shared between all members of the political science department. This year’s journal is unique in that it showcases works from not only senior seminars, but also from other classes, which demonstrate the breadth of political science research. We believe that publication in Res Publica is the final piece in the research puzzle. Res Publica features work from students who strive to take the next step in the scholarly cycle, to go beyond due dates and course grades, and to share their work with the political science community. Res Publica is something to be proud of. As one of the very few undergraduate political science journals in the country, Res Publica represents 18 years of tradition and hard work from Illinois Wesleyan students. It demonstrates both the intellectual capabilities of its authors, and the quality of instruction and guidance from faculty members of the department. Thanks to continued support from Pi Sigma Alpha, we are again able to share Res Publica with graduate programs and law schools across the country. Creation of such a publication would not have been possible without the hard work of Abby Carter and Ryan Winter, associate editors of Res Publica. Their time, patience, and ideas were invaluable contributions. A special thanks to Karl Winter, a freshman IWU art minor, for his design of this year’s cover. Furthermore, we would like to thank all of the professors in the Political Science Department. Without their support and guidance during the Res Publica process and over the past four years, we would not be able to deliver this journal to your hands. Thank you for reading! We hope you enjoy Res Publica. Zoe Gross and Yelei Kong iv RES PUBLICA AUTHORS’ BIOGRAPHIES Ryan Winter is a junior at Illinois Wesleyan University with majors in Political Science and History. In his time at IWU, Ryan has been a mentor for the Engaging Diversity program, a political science research assistant, and has spent two years as a long and triple jumper on the track and field team. Ryan spent the spring semester of 2013 volunteering as an intern for Tari Renner’s mayoral campaign in Bloomington. As a recipient of Illinois Wesleyan University’s Eckley Summer Fellowship, Ryan looks forward to spending the summer conducting research on the role of religion in European radical right populist parties, under the guidance of Professor Kathleen Montgomery. Yelei Kong is a senior Political Science major with a minor in International Studies, Western European Studies. He is the 2012-13 John and Erma Stutzman Peace Fellow, a member of Pi Sigma Alpha, the political science honor society, and has been involved with the student organization Scholars at Risk. He spent his sophomore year in Milan, Italy. After returning to IWU, he has interned with the Bloomington City Government and Ronda Glenn law offices. He also spent his summers working with NGOs and consulting firms. He will be attending law school at Columbia University in the fall. Zoe Gross is a senior Political Science major. She is a research assistant for the Political Science department and the president of Mortar Board and Pi Sigma Alpha honor societies. Throughout her four years at Illinois Wesleyan University, she served as president of her sorority, Sigma Kappa, and has also been a member of College Democrats, Phi Beta Kappa, and served on the steering committee of the Central Illinois ACLU. Zoe’s most influential experience at IWU was serving as the assistant coordinator for the Action Research Center during the summer of 2012, where she studied Bloomington’s food deserts and became more entrenched in the community. After graduation, she will be attending Washington University School of Law. Nick Desideri is a junior Political Science and International Studies double major. He spent spring semester 2012 at Georgetown University interning for the Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies and is currently spending his spring semester 2013 abroad at the Tecnológico de Moneterrey in Mexico City. An avid pop culture and pop music nerd, he enjoys researching how culture impacts international relations. He hopes to parlay his experience as an editor of The Argus and his love of writing into a career in government or media. Though he would eventually like to attend graduate school in the States, he plans on spending time in China after graduation to continue working on his Chinese language skills. RES PUBLICA v Abigail Carter is a senior with majors in Political Science and History. She is co-president of Phi Alpha Theta, vice-president of Best Buddies, a research assistant for the Political Science department, and a member of Kappa Kappa Gamma Fraternity. Abby has interned at the McLean County State’s Attorney’s office and Bloomington Legal Services.
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