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Rapid Climate Vulnerability Assessment of Gangtok, Sikkim
February, 2018 RAPID CLIMATE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF GANGTOK, SIKKIM Developing Disaster Resilience Action Plan Through GIS & Prioritising Actions for Natural Disaster Risk Reduction in Urban Agglomerations of Shillong & Gangtok Gangtok City, Sikkim Gangtok, the capital city of Sikkim, is located in the eastern Himalayan range. The city is flanked on east and west by two streams, namely Roro Chu and Ranikhola, respectively, comprising 17 municipal wards. These two rivers divide the natural drainage into two parts, the eastern and western parts. Fig 1: Gangtok City map Gangtok City Characteristics Indicators Characteristics Classification of the city Hill Location 27°20’N 88°37’E Area 19.016 sq.km Climate Type Subtropical highland climate Temperature Average Annual Maximum Temperature - 27°C Average Annual Minimum Temperature - 19°C Rainfall Average annual : 3494 mm Height above Mean Sea Level 1,676 m above MSL Fig2: The main road connecting Gangtok to other cities Fig3: Gangtok M G Marg and towns Steep slopes, vulnerability to landslides, large forest cover and inadequate access to most areas characterize Gangtok. Unplanned urbanization and rapid construction on the hill slopes has increased the risk of environmental degradation in Gangtok. Hazard Exposure Sl. No Hazard Type Exposure 1 Flash Flood Y 2 Drought/ Heat Wave N 3 Earthquakes Y 4 Landslides Y 5 Forest Fires Y 6 Heavy Rainfall Y 7 Hailstorms/thundering Y Hazard Timeline Index Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Landslides Flash Flood Hailstorm/thundering Forest -
Probabilistic Travel Model of Gangtok City, Sikkim, India FINAL.Pdf
European Journal of Geography Volume 4, Issue2: 46-54, 2013 © Association of European Geographers ANALYSIS OF TOURISM ATTRACTIVENESS USING PROBABILISTIC TRAVEL MODEL: A STUDY ON GANGTOK AND ITS SURROUNDINGS Suman PAUL Krishnagar Govt. College, Department of Geography Nadia, West Bengal, India. Pin-741101 http://www.krishnagargovtcollege.org/ [email protected] Abstract: Tourism is now one of the largest industries in the world that has developed alongside the fascinating concept of eco-tourism. The concept of tourism could be traced back to ancient times when people travelled with a view to acquiring knowledge of unknown lands and people, for the development of trade and commerce, for religious preaching and also for the sheer adventure of discovery. In fact the system of tourism involves a combination of travel, destination and marketing, which lead to a process of its cultural dimension. Gangtok as a core centre of Sikkim has potential command area over different tourist spots in East Sikkim, which are directly linked by a network of roads centering Gangtok and are perfectly accessible for one-day trips. The tourist attractions of East Sikkim are clustered mostly in and around Gangtok, the state capital. This study shows the tourism infrastructure as well as seasonal arrival of tourists in the Gangtok city and to develop the probabilistic travel model on the basis of tourist perception which will help the tourism department for the further economic development of the area. KeyWords: Eco-tourism, command area, tourist attractions, probabilistic travel model 1. INTRODUCTION Tourism is now one of the largest industries in the world that has developed alongside the fascinating concept of eco-tourism. -
Status of Insectivorous Plants in Northeast India
Technical Refereed Contribution Status of insectivorous plants in northeast India Praveen Kumar Verma • Shifting Cultivation Division • Rain Forest Research Institute • Sotai Ali • Deovan • Post Box # 136 • Jorhat 785 001 (Assam) • India • [email protected] Jan Schlauer • Zwischenstr. 11 • 60594 Frankfurt/Main • Germany • [email protected] Krishna Kumar Rawat • CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute • Rana Pratap Marg • Lucknow -226 001 (U.P) • India Krishna Giri • Shifting Cultivation Division • Rain Forest Research Institute • Sotai Ali • Deovan • Post Box #136 • Jorhat 785 001 (Assam) • India Keywords: Biogeography, India, diversity, Red List data. Introduction There are approximately 700 identified species of carnivorous plants placed in 15 genera of nine families of dicotyledonous plants (Albert et al. 1992; Ellison & Gotellli 2001; Fleischmann 2012; Rice 2006) (Table 1). In India, a total of five genera of carnivorous plants are reported with 44 species; viz. Utricularia (38 species), Drosera (3), Nepenthes (1), Pinguicula (1), and Aldrovanda (1) (Santapau & Henry 1976; Anonymous 1988; Singh & Sanjappa 2011; Zaman et al. 2011; Kamble et al. 2012). Inter- estingly, northeastern India is the home of all five insectivorous genera, namely Nepenthes (com- monly known as tropical pitcher plant), Drosera (sundew), Utricularia (bladderwort), Aldrovanda (waterwheel plant), and Pinguicula (butterwort) with a total of 21 species. The area also hosts the “ancestral false carnivorous” plant Plumbago zelayanica, often known as murderous plant. Climate Lowland to mid-altitude areas are characterized by subtropical climate (Table 2) with maximum temperatures and maximum precipitation (monsoon) in summer, i.e., May to September (in some places the highest temperatures are reached already in April), and average temperatures usually not dropping below 0°C in winter. -
Old Laws of Sikkim
OLD LAWS OF SIKKIM SIKKIM CODE Volume V PUBLISHED BY: LAW DEPARTMENT, GOVERNMENT OF SIKKIM, GANGTOK Price: SI.No. Notification No.& Date Year Subject Page No. 1 Notification No.6072/0. 1926 Maintenance of road reserve on either side of all 1 dated 10.5.1926 the estate bridle paths in Sikkim. 2 Notifiction No.6161/G. 1926 Rules to be observed in case of settlement in 1-2 dated 10.5.1926 Forest lands. Prohibition of washing of millet, cloths in the 3 Notice No. 850/J. 1927 3 ridge dated 15.6.1927 compound water. 4 Notifiction No. 5660-20/G. 1927 Refund of fine and fees. 3 dated 27.6.1927 5 Notification No. 6309/G. 1927 Prohibition for extraction of wax or honey from 4 dated 18.7.1927 the hives of wild bees. 6 Notification NO.11130/G. 1927 Collection of seedling of Chanp, Piple etc,for 4 dated 12.12.1927 roadside plantation. 7 Notification No.297/G. 1928 Rules for Importation of Cigarettes etc. 5 dated 9.4.1928 8 Notice No.436/J. 1928 Exemption from payment of Court fee/stamps 5-6 dated 25.5.1928 etc., for Monasteries. 9 Notification No.1816/G. 1928 Settlements of raiyats on Forest Lands. 6-7 dated 5.6.1928 10 Notification NO.1978/G. 1928 Direction to Landlords to submit monthly grazing 7 dated 7.6.1928 and forest account direct to the office. 11 Notification No.2022/G. 1928 Rules regulating marking of trees, poles, etc in 8-9 Khasmahal Forest by the landlord and dated 11.6.1928 - Managers of Estates in Sikkim. -
2000 in the Land of Five Treasures of Snow
SIKKIM : THE LAND OF FIVE TREASURES OF THE SNOWS To breathe the air of Sikkim free, To wander by her purling rills, And seek the beauty of her hills, The blueness of her sky. C. McCauley, Lay of Lachen The Sikkim region of the Himalaya is so small that originally it was classified as part of Nepal Himalaya in the 1860s in a study conducted by Sir Sydney Burrard, the Surveyor-General of India from 1910 to 1919. This diminutive state to the north of Darjeeling, the famous hill town in West Bengal, stretches for about 110 km from north to south, and for 65 km from east to west. The Kangchenjunga (now also known as the Khangchendzonga), at 8,586 m the third highest peak in the world, is situated here. The original inhabitants of Sikkim were the Lepchas whose language and physical features tend to identify them as the ancient tribe that is believed to have migrated from southern Tibet during the 15th century. Very few Lepchas remain today, and the population largely consists of the Nepalis who arrived in Sikkim during the early 20th century in search of livelihood. Sikkim was an independent kingdom until a series of events caused the British to take full control of the region in 1861. In the early 19th century, the East India Company settled a dispute between Sikkim and Nepal in favour of the former, in the process assuming certain protective rights and gaining control over the Sikkimese army. In 1834, the East India Company helped the Chogyal of Sikkim in repulsing the Nepalese army, and as a gesture of goodwill, the Chogyal presented it with the present day Darjeeling and the Singalila ridge, a small track immediately surrounding it. -
A Detailed Report on Implementation of Catchment Area Treatment Plan of Teesta Stage-V Hydro-Electric Power Project (510Mw) Sikkim
A DETAILED REPORT ON IMPLEMENTATION OF CATCHMENT AREA TREATMEN PLAN OF TEESTA STAGE-V HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PROJECT (510MW) SIKKIM - 2007 FOREST, ENVIRONMENT & WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT GOVERNMENT OF SIKKIM GANGTOK A DETAILED REPORT ON IMPLEMENTATION OF CATCHMENT AREA TREATMENT PLAN OF TEESTA STAGE-V HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PROJECT (510MW) SIKKIM FOREST, ENVIRONMENT & WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT GOVERNMENT OF SIKKIM GANGTOK BRIEF ABOUT THE ENVIRONMENT CONSERVATION OF TEESTA STAGE-V CATCHMENT. In the Eastern end of the mighty Himalayas flanked by Bhutan, Nepal and Tibet on its end lays a tiny enchanting state ‘Sikkim’. It nestles under the protective shadow of its guardian deity, the Mount Kanchendzonga. Sikkim has witnessed a tremendous development in the recent past year under the dynamic leadership of Honorable Chief Minister Dr.Pawan Chamling. Tourism and Power are the two thrust sectors which has prompted Sikkim further in the road of civilization. The establishment of National Hydro Project (NHPC) Stage-V at Dikchu itself speaks volume about an exemplary progress. Infact, an initiative to treat the land in North and East districts is yet another remarkable feather in its cap. The project Catchment Area Treatment (CAT) pertains to treat the lands by various means of action such as training of Jhoras, establishing nurseries and running a plantation drive. Catchment Area Treatment (CAT) was initially started in the year 2000-01 within a primary vision to control the landslides and to maintain an ecological equilibrium in the catchment areas with a gestation period of nine years. Forests, Environment & Wildlife Management Department, Government of Sikkim has been tasked with a responsibility of nodal agency to implement catchment area treatment programme by three circle of six divisions viz, Territorial, Social Forestry followed by Land Use & Environment Circle. -
2018 in Shadow on Kanchenjunga
1 In Shadow of Kangchenjunga HARISH KAPADIA Kangchenjunga is the third highest peak in the world. It rises almost 12000 ft (3700 m) from Zemu glacier to its 28,165 ft (8585 m) summit. The Zemu glacier extends almost up to the eastern base of Kangchenjunga from where, in a stupendous steep wall, the summit rises. The massif is almost north to south in orientation, thus the east wall faces the sun directly, from early morning. The sun, rising from Bhutan in the east, disappears by about 3.00 p.m. behind the summit of the Kangchenjunga. The long shadow of Kangchenjunga descends on the Zemu glacier and it darkens as the time passes. Campers at Green Lake on the Zemu glacier would be in virtual darkness by this hour. As the sun sets on the western horizon behind the peak, unseen from the Zemu glacier, the fading glow towards the east is the only indication that dusk is approaching. Thus one almost feels what Doug Freshfield described as the eastern sunset. We spent on the whole an enjoyable evening, and witnessed a sublime sunset and afterglow. The sunsets in the high Himalaya, though less vivid than those I saw afterwards in the Bay of Bengal, were often singularly beautiful. The colours were tender and exquisitely graduated; pools of green and gold sky were ringed round with ruddier tints of the melting vapours. We noticed more than once a peculiarity, referred to elsewhere in India by Sir J. Hooker, the false sunset in the East, where a glow, as strong as that when sunset and sunrise fade into one another on the northern horizon in the Highlands in June, would shoe above the mountain tops, while zodiacal rays, or appearance resembling them – thin bars of light - shot across the zenith, uniting what appeared as separate sources of illumination. -
Princess Pema Tsedeun of Sikkim (1924-2008) Founder Member, Namgyal Institute of Tibetology 1
BULLETIN OF TIBETOLOGY 195 PRINCESS PEMA TSEDEUN OF SIKKIM (1924-2008) 1 FOUNDER MEMBER, NAMGYAL INSTITUTE OF TIBETOLOGY ANNA BALIKCI -DENJONGPA Namgyal Institute of Tibetology Princess of Sikkim, Pema Tsedeun Yapshi Pheunkhang Lacham Kusho, passed away in Calcutta on December 2, 2008 at the age of 84. Princess Pema Tsedeun was born on September 6, 1924 in Darjeeling, the daughter of Sir Tashi Namgyal, K.C.S.I., K.C.I.E. (1893-1963), the eleventh Chogyal of Sikkim, and Maharani Kunzang Dechen Tshomo Namgyal, the elder daughter of Rakashar Depon Tenzing Namgyal, a General in the Tibetan Army. She was born in a world when the Himalayan Kingdom of Sikkim, established by her ancestors in the 1640s, was still a protectorate of the British Empire, and when Tibet was still ruled by the 13 th Dalai Lama. Educated at St-Joseph’s Convent in Kalimpong, she married Sey Kusho Gompo Tsering Yapshi Pheunkhang (1918-1973) of the family of the 11 th Dalai Lama in October 1941. Her husband was the Governor of Gyantse and his 1 Reproduced from Now! 20 December 2008 with some modifications. 196 ANNA BALIKCI -DENJONGPA father Sawang Chenpo Yabshi Pheuntsog khangsar Kung, was the oldest of the four Ministers of Tibet. She travelled to her husband’s house in Lhasa on horseback, retreating to her palanquin when going through towns. Together, they had three daughters and a son. Lacham Kusho once related to me the circumstances of her marriage: When I got married, my father didn’t interfere. Marriage was up to me. The Pheunkhang family wanted a Sikkimese princess for their eldest son. -
The PLATEAU – North Sikkim
JAPANESE ALPINE NEWS 2013 ● HARISH KAPADIA THE PLATEAU Mountains of Sikkim – China Border This was my fifth visit to the mountains of Sikkim. As a young student I was part of the training course of the Himalayan Mountaineering Institute in 1964. The mountains of west Sikkim, like Kabru, Rathong, Pandim and host of others were attractive to my young eyes. I returned in 1976. No sooner Sikkim became a state on India two us, Zerksis Boga and I obtained permits and roamed the valleys for more than a month in the northwest Sikkim, covering Zemu glacier, Lhonak valley Muguthang, Lugnak la, Sebu la and returned via the Lachung valley. I returned a few times to Darjeeling and Sikkim valleys visiting the Singalila ridge, lakes of lower Sikkim and surroundings of Gangtok and Kalimpong. If you stretch the area to the south, I made several visits to Darjeeling and nearby hills over the years. Moreover in Sikkim the approach to different valleys is so varied that it gives a feeling of trekking in different Himalayan zones. 1 High Himalayan Unknown Valleys, by Harish Kapadia, p.156. (Indus Books, New Delhi, 2001). Also Himalayan Journal, Vol.35, p.181 57 ● JAPANESE ALPINE NEWS 2013 In no other country on earth can one find such a variety of micro-climates within such a short distance as Sikkim, declared the eminent English botanist and explorer Joseph Hooker in his Himalayan Journals (1854), which documented his work collecting and classifying thousands of plants in the Himalaya in the mid-19th century. In the shadow of the Himalayas, by John Claude White, 1883 – 1908. -
North Eastern Region NW-2 National Waterway 2 NSDP Net State Domestic Product
Development and Growth in Northeast India The Natural Resources Water and Environment Nexus Strategy Report Strategy Report DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH IN NORTHEAST INDIA The Natural Resources, Water, and Environment Nexus Report No. 36397-IN Development and Growth in Northeast India The Natural Resources, Water, and Environment Nexus Strategy Report June 2007 South Asia Region Sustainable Development Department Environment & Water Resource Management Unit Document of the World Bank © 2007 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 First published, 2007 Produced by: Roots Advertising Services Pvt Ltd B-4/26, Safdarjung Enclave New Delhi - 110029, India Tel.: 26166493, 26104751 Fax: 26178688 E-mail: [email protected] Photo Credits: Biswasjyoti Das and Karin Kemper Printed at: PS Press Services Pvt. Ltd., India The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The report has been discussed with the Government of India, but does not necessarily bear their approval for all its contents, especially where the authors have stated their judgements/opinions/policy recommendations. This report has received funding from the UK Department for International Development, although the views expressed within do not necessarily reflect their official policy. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgement on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. -
Government of Sikkim Office of the District Collector South District Namchi
GOVERNMENT OF SIKKIM OFFICE OF THE DISTRICT COLLECTOR SOUTH DISTRICT NAMCHI COI APPLICATION STATUS AS ON 26-July-2018 ApplicationDate : 28/12/2017 00:00AM COIFormNo Applicant Name Father/Husband Name Block Status Status Date 25969 PRATAP SINGH TAMANG KARNA BAHADUR DOROP Application Received 28/12/2017 TAMANG 25971 PHURBA TAMANG KARNA BAHADUR DOROP Application Received 28/12/2017 TAMANG 25968 SARDA KHANAL RAM PRASAD BRAHMAN NAGI Application Received 28/12/2017 25972 SABNAM SHERPA PREM TSHERING PERBING Application Received 28/12/2017 SHERPA ApplicationDate : 27/12/2017 00:00AM COIFormNo Applicant Name Father/Husband Name Block Status Status Date 25956 REJITA RAI (RAJALIM) KISHOR RAI SALGHARI Application Received 27/12/2017 25955 BISHNU DOLMA TAMANG BUDHA DORJEE DHARGOAN Application Received 27/12/2017 TAMANG 25950 KARMA ONGYAL BHUTIA NORBU TSHERING THANGSING Application Received 27/12/2017 BHUTIA 25959 JIT BAHADUR TAMANG RAN BAHADUR TAMANG DOROP Application Received 27/12/2017 25958 MICKLE TAMANG RAM KUMAR TAMANG DOROP Application Received 27/12/2017 25949 DIVEYA RAI AMBER BAHADUR RAI KAMAREY Application Received 27/12/2017 25961 BIJAY MANGER KAMAL DAS MANGER DHARGOAN Application Received 27/12/2017 25960 NIRMAL TAMANG AMBER BAHADUR DOROP Application Received 27/12/2017 TAMANG 25957 PRALAD TAMANG RAM KUMAR TAMANG DOROP Application Received 27/12/2017 25966 WANGDUP DORJEE RAJEN TAMANG BOOMTAR Application Received 27/12/2017 TAMANG 25948 DAL BAHADUR LIMBOO KHARKA BAHADUR TINGMO Certificate Printed 12/01/2018 LIMBOO COI APPLICATION STATUS -
And Blue Sheep (Pseudois Nayaur) Populations in the Kangchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA), Nepal
Survey of Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) and Blue Sheep (Pseudois nayaur) populations in the Kangchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA), Nepal. Final report Submitted to Snow Leopard Trust USA, Seattle By Janak Raj Khatiwada, MSc Principal Investigator Mukesh K. Chalise, PhD, Randall C. Kyes, PhD Participating Investigators February 2007 Executive summary This study was carried out in the Kangchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA), Eastern Nepal from Feb - Nov 2007. We used the Snow Leopard Information Management System, SLIMS (second order survey technique) to determine the relative abundance of snow leopard in the upper part of KCA. Altogether, 36 transects (total length of 15.21 km) were laid down in the major three blocks of KCA. 104 Signs (77 scrapes, 20 feces, 2 Scent mark, 3 Pugmarks and 2 hairs) were recorded. Fixed-point count method was applied for blue sheep from appropriate vantage points. We counted total individual in each herd using 8×42 binocular and 15-60× spotting scope. A total of 43 herds and 1102 individuals were observed in the area. The standard SLIMS questionnaire was conducted to find out relevant information on livestock depredation patterns. Out of 35 households surveyed in KCA, 48% of herders lost livestock due to snow leopards. A total of 21 animals were reportedly lost due to snow leopards from August to September 2007. INTRODUCTION The Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) is an endangered species lives in the mountains of the Central Asia and the Himalayas, often in very high altitudes with extremely low winter temperatures and far away from sheltering forests (Nowel and Jackson, 1996). In Nepal it inhabits the main Himalayan chain along the Tibetan border (HMG Nepal, 2005).