The newsaper of the Anti- Movement

The newsaper of the Anti-Apartheid Movement SWAPO calls for cancellation of uranium contract lop I 7i Labour must fulfil In this issue: .Angola victory UN reouinrOWwl vn U Nresl u i" -.....and SA liberation -.7,r HOW willeventsinAn~gola affect the course of the struggle THE British Government was brotherly association between HUGHES tep reports from Lu-faced with the choice of con- SWAPO and MPLA, makeheir anda and AAM Hon Secretary tinuiuitspresentdisastrousvictoryequallyacauseof ABDUL MINTY assessesthe policiesonSouthernAtrica,or rejoicingforus." 'f 't aan lad situation in which South Aric changing course and imple- "'The myth of the military noLI w finds ite cente pages. enenting the Labour Party's invincibility of South Africahas IIE IIll 1 nPl n programme,SWAPO (South beenbrokenonceandforall,he fae ,death 'J Braliy VWest African People's Organ- wenton TheVorsterregime had Britain votes isation) Administrative Secre- planned t smash through to tary Moses Garoeb said during a Luanda in i weeks - instead it visit tLondon in February. had been defeated \--1 territory, FRANK FHXOEY MP AaMteetingwithjunitor thura.areas,andtisinten okat te~ sgicac o fthe Fpreign Office Minister David sifica(tsnof Our struggle wilt E tnal s MP Moses Garoeb urged continue,' theGovernmenttoadoptthe MosesGaroebstressedthat L NEC a lls LabourPart'snewstatementn SWAPOhadalwayswelcomed Lb rN et1INfaibia() as ai from anyonet who offered it. for 'Namibia rethink thebasis ofits policy Buthesaidthatwhenit had' InparticularSWAPOasked askedBritainnottosupply THE NEC of the Labour Party i to cancel the BritishweaponstoSouthAfrica,Britain ascalled on the Government Atomic Energy Authority's con- andotherWesterncountrieshad to re-think its pol es on Namtor the purchase of uranium not listened. ibia (South West Africa) and to fromtheterritor. Swedeon,hesaid,wasan cancel. the important Ressing Thestatementcallsfortheexception among Western uranium contract JIM CHRYScncellation of the contract, and countries in that for several years TIE outlines Labour's new pofor an end to al econiic ties it had allocated funds in its ]icy statement, page 5 'sthNamibliasolongasitis budgetfdrtheSouthernAfrican 4 ilhgallyoccupiedbySouthliberationmovements.Recently A Africa Denmark,Finland,Holland.and Armed struggle The SWAPO delegation asked Norway had followed suit the Government to Implement He dismissed reports that events in Zi U N resolutions on the territory, Cuban troops might cross into and to stop the British firm Namibia as "wild speculation". THE guerrilla struggle is again Marconi from supplying South SWAPO had not invitd them to hotting up in Zilbabwe (RhodAfrica with military equipment cross the border. esia) MARGARET LING reports for use against SWA1'O guer- Atthesametimehesaidthat on carorit developments, page riflesa Cu ba had supported the Napi- 8 irr emet,~g i t also called it, attention to ibiatn liberation struggle the trial of leading, SWAPO throu~ghout the last 15 years, and 7>"' ienrbees on eharges underthe that it was SWAPO's right to Aaron Muchiniba, SWANNationalO r t Iif 1 White nerves TroismA( t,which opened in decide to accept aid from Windhoek onnFeb , 16, Heisonfe ofs APOmeerswhehave bei t sn At.hea onebruary16 anyonewhoofferedit heenchargedunadertheTerrorismActwith planning 'terrorist activities'. t aress conference held What mattered, Moses Ga- If they are convicted the six face a minimum five year prison sentence HOW is white morale standing during his visit Moses Garoeb roeb stressed, was the people of and a iaxinrum penalty of death welcomed the establishment of Southern Africa - people who Lip to 'sdefeat n thePeoplesRepublicofAngola hadfoughtfor13,14of15years N i1 . Angola? JOHN CLARKE desby-MPLA .'Forthefirsttime," he Heemphasisedthatthereason ew bill gi ves cribesthereality-shock that has said,"wearetohaveafree SWAPOwasfightingwassothat hit white South Africans, page eighbour alongour northern the people of Namibia could phony independence 10. be rsr' nh determinetheirownfuture. i s, and the long historyof THE South African Government South African GoVernment SA sportspolicy 4SAUT Librationl Comi ttee, isgoingaheadwithitsplansfor SouthAfricawillgiveup ,xped Sphony 'independence'forthe noneofitskeypowersoverthe sfraud re edom .. .TranskeiBantustan,withthe Transkeiwhenitbecomes'in- BLACK cricketers have abocemovement publicationofabillwhich dependent'in October1976, raged white South Africas atOAU Liberation Core- January meeting in Lourenco enables the Transkei to appoint and the area will remain totally tempt to window dress aparmityte congratulatedSWAPO Marques. diplomaticofficersandnego- dependent on the white theid in sport by refusing to (Souh West African People's In aresolution, the com tiate international agreements controlled economy acceptanythingshortoftotal Organisation) on the stepping mitted expressed "rejoicng" at The farcical nature of the bill The bill provides for 75 integration. CHRISDE BROGLIO up of the fight for an in- the "acceleration of the liber- is shown by the clause which paramount chiefs and chiefs ,ooksattheSoth l fricancrict de e dent, u tary Namibia ation process carried out by provides for the Transkei to ne- and 75 elected members in the authorities new sports poliy, (So th West Africa) at its ,SWAPO"'.... . gottate agreernpnts with the Traniket's Legislative Assembly. page 9.

ACTION NAMINAL AND INTERNATIONAL Britain Gosport OVER 70 people packed Gosport Town Hall on January 16 at a meeting addressed by Albie Sachs, South African lawyer and ex-political prisoner. The success of the meeting will revitalise Gosport and Portsmouth Anti-apartheid Group, whose members are planning to step up their activities. Gosport's Mayor, Councillor G. Hewitt, chaired the meeting, and among the audience were four clergymen, representatives from Liberal, Labour and Communist Party branches, a teacher who brought a group of sixth-form stydents and many interested individuals. Albie Sachs attacked British invfstment In South Africa, linking it with the cheap labour system of apartheid, and said the best way for the international community to oppose apartheid was to implement a full boycott of South Africa. A vote of thanks was given by Rev. John Hess, formerly a clergyman in South Africa. The film "End of Dialogue",was also shown. After the meeting, 50 people handed in their names to be kept in touch with future AA activities and a collection of £18 was taken East Lonaon A one-day conference on Southern Afica is being planned jointly by East AA Group and Walthamstow Constituency Labour Party, to take place on Saturday March 20, 10.30 am to 5 pm at the William Morris Hall, Somers Rd, Walthamstow, E17. An impressive programme of speakers has been arranged, including Peter Katjivivi (SWAPO) John Gaetsewe (SACTU) Ethel de Keyser, former Executive Secretary of the AAM, Hugh Lewin, ex-political prisoner and author of 'Bandiet' and Stan Newens MP. There will be a showing of the film "Last Grave at Dimbaza" The admission charge of 65p includes lynch. Contact: Dave Simmonds, 174 Romford Rd, London E7 (01-534-2263) Southampton SOUTHAMPTON Anti-Apartheid Group and students from Southampton University have got together to organise a Southern Africa Day on Saturday March 6. The event will be held in St Matthews Church Hall, St Mary's Road, admission 10p, from 11 am to 5.30 pm. The film "Vukani-Awake" and films on Angola and Namibia will be shown and speakers include John Sprack on . Ron Press on trade union work in South Africa and Paul Fauvet from the Angola Solidarity Committee Contact' David Hoadley, 82 Chrlton Rd, Southampton Sol AAM .local groups plan to step up action THE Anti-Apartheid Move and the way in which the AAM paper on this for discussion at ment took a new initiative to office can be of help to the next meeting. draw together the numerous groups. It was decided that at every local AA groups working Three major points emerged AAM National Committee throughout the country at a from the meeting. The groups meeting time would be set meeting on January 31. agreed that it would beuseful asidefor local group reports. It The meeting was, designed to the Movement to "hold was also agreed to hold a to give a platform to local regional conferencs of acti- meeting of local group. repregroup activists to discuss a- vists so that co- ordinated sentatives before every weekmong themselves, and with campaigning activity can be end National Committee AMM's staff and Executive assured, and so that activists meeting. Committee the progress being outside London can have the AAM's success depends on made in their areas, problems opportunity to meet and ex- the awareness and activity of encountered in campaigning press their views. Work has its members and for this work and activities and to already begun of planning reason such meetings are indebate current developments such a meeting in Scotland, valuable. So much so that it is in Southern Africa. hopefully in the summer, hoped that future meetings Valuable contributions were The structure and direction will be equally well-attended made by the activists on the in which groups were heeding and that the proposal for the Sales, content and structure of was discussed, and Man- holding of regional conferAA NEWS; on the nature and chester AA Group's repre- ences will meet with support activities of local AA groups; sentative agreed to write a and co- operation from all AAM members. . Luton A LETTER to the Foreign Secretiry, protesting at the recent visit to Britain by officers, has been sent by Luton Anti-Apartheid Group It accuses the Government also of "choosing the soft option of trading with South Africa." - Luton Trades Council, South, Bedfordshire Labojr Party and Luton Branch AUEW recently joined the Group's list of sponsore. Contact: Jayne Foster, Secretary Luton AG, 23 Elgar Path, Luton Sutton SUTTON Anti-Apartheid Group are calling on Sutton Council to refuse public halls and school premises for meetings of the National Front during the forthcoming Carshalton by-election. In a letter to Sutton's Chief Officer, the Group says that the racialist attitudes of the NF are an incitement to hatred and, if public' premises am given over for the promotion, this could stir up ill-feeling in a multiracial community like Sutton. Contact: Marguerite Simmons, c/o 16 Hadrian's Close, Rotfndshaw, Wallington, Surrey. Birmingham ACTIVITY continues at a high level in Birmingham, where membership of the Anti-Apartheid group steadily rises. Over 70 people attended a public meeting, held in the Kingsmead College and addressed by Father Adrian Hastings, who spoke on Angola. In the chair was Rev Albert Mosley, AA Group chairman. The group has also held a most successful jumble sale which raised £160 for clothing and other aid to Zimbabeweans. The film "Last Grave at Dimbaza" was shown to another large public meeting in Birmingh'am, organised by ASTON War on Want group. Camden A NEW and enthusiastic group has been formed in the large Camden, are, legular, gamu paigns are planned, beginning with a picket outside Camden Town Hall in mid-March in support of a resolution, being placed before the Council, that it should pressurise Midland B fik to withdraw loans toSouth Afhca. Help is also needed for collecting jumble for a forthcoming fund raising jumble sale; supporters will also be needed to man the stalls. Contact: Les Sheinman at 36a Glenloch Road, London NW3: Tel 794-1567.. " H-Haringey A fund-raising jumble sale will be held byllHaringey AntiApartheid Group on Saturday March 20 at 2 pm at Coleraine Park Junior School, Glendish Rd, Tottenham N17. Jumble and bric-a-brac welcome. "Namibia and Angola- South Africans Out" - was the theme of a public meeting, organised by the group, on February 17. The room at Crouch End Library we packed, to hear Polly Gaster (Angola Solidarity Committee) and Moses-Garoeb (SWAPO). Swakatra AT least ofne buygr was persuaded not to buy Swakara (karakul pelts) "from Namibia, after reading information distributed by the Nanibia Support Committee outside auctions held in London on February 3 Supporters of the committee picketed the sales - held by Hudson's Bay and Annings Ltd. and Eastwood and Holt Ltd. to draw attention to the near slave labour conditions of the black farmworkers who help to rear karakul sheep. Leaflets given out by demonstrators described how the workers l ived in corrugated iron shacks, often hundreds of miles from their wives and families, and earn as little as £4 a month. They quoted an International' Commission of Jurists report which stated: "The system of recruitment and exploitation of African workers operating in Namibia today is unique in its organised and efficient application of conditions that are. akin to slavery"' The South African sellers at the sales were Jess than friendly - and were kept at a distance by police. For more irfformation about the Swakara --industry and details of future action, contact: Namibia Support Committee, 21/25 Tabernacle St., London EC2. Play. boycott JOHN Osborne has refused to allow his play "Luther" to be performed in St. George's Cathedral, Cape Town. His London agents told the group which was planning to put on the play that none of John Osborne's plays were available for production in South Africa "under any circurmstances or conditions.' The group - an ecumenical community project called The Centre - had said that the production would be multiracial. But John Osborne said that he stood by his adherence to the cultural boycott of South Africa and would not-allow any of his plays to be performed there. Barclays EARLY in April Barclays will be holding its AGM. Barclays, as the largest bank in South Africa, has long been a target of antiapartheid groups But the recent publication of Barclays and South Africa has revealed important new information on the extent of the bank's support for minority rule. A group of anti-apartheid activists will thrfore be attending the AGM in order to question Anthony Tuke, Chairman of Bar lays, on the bank's role in helping to prop up the whiteSouth, Anyone interested in further detailsof the campaign, or in wishing to attend the ACM, contact the Haslemere Group, 467 Caledonian Rd, London N7. West Germany Nuclear deal LUTHERANS opposed West Germany's nuclear cooperation with South Africa at a Lutheran Church conference held in Frankfurt in January - Participants ' appealed to church leaders to do all they could "to prevent.the signing of the nuclear agreement between the Federal Republic of Germany and the Republic of South Africa." They expressed their support for the sland against militarism taken by the recent World Council of Churches Assembly in Nairobi. Ireland Prisoners THE Irish Anti-Apartheid Movement has launched a campaign for the release of all political prisoners in South Africa. At a press conference held on February 9 in Dublin to initiate the campaign, John Hosey, father of Sean Hosey who is currently serving a five-year sentence in Pretoria, reported on the coniditions under which his son is being held. The press conference was chaired by Robin Joseph, Hon. Secretary of ASTMS, the union of which Sean Htsey was a member. 'Irish AAM is to circulate a Declaration calling for the freeing of all prisoners of apartheid to be signed by members of Ireland's House of Assembly, the Oireachtas. It is also planning to mount an exhibition showing the conditions under which blacki live in SouthAfrica. In a statement announcing its campaign, the Movement says that South Africa's invasion of Angola mirrors "the ruthless suppression of all serious opposition to apartheid within its borders." It calls attention to the stream of detentions and gaolings of South Africans Cycling THE Irish Anti-apartheid Movement has protested against the inclusion of two cyclists in Eire's Olympic Games squad who had earlier been suspended because they took part in a South African road race South Africa has been expelled from the International Cycling Federation (UCI) and UCI has placed a ban on participation in South African events. The two cyclists, Pat McQuaid and Sean Kelly won an appeal against a ban placad on them after they competed in South Africa No action has been taken against cyclists from France, .Portugal, Italy and the US who also took part in the South African race. .Irish AAM has said that it feels very strongly that no cyclist should go to South Africa. It plans to protest to the Irish Cycling 'Federation, the Olympic Council or Iland and the Eire Government Questionnaire SEVERAL AA groups haye already returned the trade'union questionnaires sent out by Head Office in January,. Will secretaries of other group please do so as soon as possible, in order that an assessment of trade union 'activiy, ,in 'the regions can be made soon

Wilson condemns IN response to the row gener- byWelsh TUC leaders and ated by th Anti-Apartheid Cardiff City Councillors. In movement's- disclosure that a London they were wined and three-member delegation of dined by former Tory Minister Bantustan leaders was to visit Lord Barber, now at Standard Britain in January, the Labour Bank, by UKSATA Director Air Government has come out cle- Commodore Rump and by the arly in condemnation of the Department of Trade Notably Bantustan policy, absent from a lunch at the In a letter to theAnti-Apar- House of Commons were theid Movement on behalf of Liberal MPs whose party's view Prime Minister Wilson, his per- on the Bantustans is well sonal and political secretary known refers to "South Africa's policy Protests against the visit of aparthe d (of which the came from many Labour MPs Homelands policy forms a part) who also discussed it at a which HMG have clearly con- meeting of the parliamentary demned". LabourParty.The Labour In a recent statement Foreign Party's International CommitOffice Minister of State, David tee itself decided to send a Ennals, referring specifically to delegation to meet with David the Transkei Bantustan, which Ennals to express their concern is due to be granted its so-called at the visit. independence this October, The Anti-Apartheid Move said that rcognition of the ment has used the opportunity Transkei was"very unlikely", of the visit to Step up its _Within South Africa these campaign to expose the Bandevelopments are being inter- tuJstan fraud and against recogpreted as a major setback by the nition of the Transkei. pro-apartheid forces. An edi- Copies of the AAM document torial in the Johannesburg Star "The South African Bantuatan on February 9 referring to David Programme: Its Domestic and Ennal's statement _ urged a International Implications" change in British policy, which has been recently reproBut the failure of the Labour duced by the UN Unit on Government to cancel the visit, Apartheid were widely circushows that there are still power- lated ful influences within Britain in The apartheid regime will be support of the Bantustan po- using every possible informalicy. The Government remains tion opportunity during the next willing to defy OAU and UN fewTnonths to promote its Banresolutions by hosting such tustan policy. The visit to visits. It also remains unwilling Britain is only one Part of an to make a clear statement that internationally co- ordinateditwillrefusetorecognisethe campaignto winsupportintheTranskei. Western world for its policy of The three so-called leaders - Balkanizing and retribali7ing Chief Minister Tsiame Kenneth South Africa Mopeli, Chief Minister of Ba- From Britain Chief Mopeli sothocQwaQwa, Minister Stella flew to West Germany again in Nomzamo Sigcau, Transkei conditions of total secrecy in Minister of Interior and Walter order to avoid protests S.P. Khanye, Executive Coun- Apart from other visits South cillor in KwaZulu - were left in Africa is preparing a new film oo doubt that important sec- about the Transkei and arrantions of public opinion in ging excursions for foreign Britain see through the Ban- journalists and TV teams. tustan fraud. Their entire visit , Anti-Apartheid Movement was shrouded in secrecy with 'supporters are being urged to both the Foreign Office and step up their efforts to counter South Africa maintaining a this Soutl African propaganda discreet silence Whenever de- and to inform the public of the tails of their visit leaked out true nature of the apartheid they met opposition, regime and its Bantustan poIn Aberystwyth they enetered licy. their hotel through a backdoor The use by South Africa of because over 60 people were black faces to sell its evil picketing outside the main en- policies is not a new phentrance. The following day a omena but it is now being reception at Aberystwyth's Uni- attempted with more sophisti-versity College was cancelled cation after students and staff an- Local groups have been urged nuc that they would boy- to undertake initiatives cottit. throughoutthe country and at In (rdiff they visited the an international level a working Welsh Office where they were meeting of Western Europe AA confronted by student and groups is being held at the end other anti-apartheid demonstra- of February in Amsterdam to tors who subsequently chased discuss more effective cothem around the city until they ordination of initiatives left from Cardiff station. Further information on the A more formal protest against Bantustans and copies of the their visit to the Welsh Office document referred to above are was made by a deputation available from AAM, 89, Charwhich handed in a letter signed lotte Street, London WiP2DQ. Price 10p. 'No decision on Transkei -UK envoy OUR man in Cape Town, Sir . deliberately set out to reduce James Bottomley, sounded -their territory by making part of more like a spokesman for the it independent"' Vorster regime than for the He added that so far no British Labour Government decision had been taken on -when he met the press before whether Britain would returning to the UK in January. rcognise the Transkei. On the Bantustan policy he Britain's new ambassador to commented: "This is an unusual South Africa, Sir David Scitt, development. Few countries 'will arrive there early in March. 'Don't deal with homelands' -UN Committee chairman VORSTER'S Bantustan policy was condemned as "the real essence" of apartheid by Mme Jeanne Martin Cisse the new Chairman of the UN Special Committee Against Apartheid at a meeting in the House of Commons,on January 28. Over 80 people - MPs, diplomats from African and other countries, representatives of British organisations opposed to apartheid and pressmen attended the meeting, arranged by the Anti-Apartheid Movement. I Mme Cisse, who is also Guinea's ambassador to the UN, reminded the audience that the UN General Assembly has called on all governments and organisations not to deal with the Bntustans or to. accord them any form of recognition She said that the UN has made an exception of humanitarian assistance to the victims of apartheid in calling for sanctions against South Africa. But if was totally against any help' through the Pretoria regime or the Bantustan author-' ities On Angola Mme Cisse reported that the UN Special Committee was aware that there were differences of views, but that it felt that South African aggression should be treated as a separate matter because of its wider ramifications She said that unless strong action was taken against South Africa now, the struggle for liberation in NamibJa (South West Africa) and in South Africa would become more complicated During her visit Mine Cisse also met Foreign Office officials members of the Commonwealth Secretariat and Labour Party representatives, and spoke at a meeting of Oxford University Africa Society. From London she went to Cairo for consultations with the Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organisation and the Arab League on the possibilities of an effective oil embargo against South Africa. Her next stop was where she planned to hold talks with the Organisation of AllAfrican Trade Union Unity and the All-African Students' Union "WOMEN Under Apartheid" will be the subject of a major Anti-Apartheid Movement oneday conference in April. Speakers confirmed so far include Stephanie Sachs, former South African political prisoner; Margaret Jackson, MP for Lincoln and a Government junior whip; Pauline Webb, former vice-chairwoman of the World Council of Churches; Judith Hunt, National Women's Officer of AUEW-TASS; Penny Cooper of the National Union of Students national executive. The event will be held from 11 am on Saturday April 24 at the Central London Polytechnic lecture theatre, New Cavendish Street, London WI This will be the first time that . a conference has been wholly devoted to this ,particular aspect of oppression and it follows the enormous interest shown in Hilda Bernstein's book 'For Their Triumphs and For Their Tears: Women In Apartheid South Africa'. The conference will look at theid on a woman's working and.family life, in a country where" wives and children are termed as 'superflous appendages' and 'non-productive units'. The African woman is condemned to the lowest status in society, placed at the very bottom of the pile and oppressed and exploited by South African law and custom. But the conference will also reflect the courage and heroism of the women, such as Winnie )Mandela, Dorothy Nyembe, Lillian Ng'oyi, Mary Moodley and countless others who have joieed the political struggle for freedom, usually paying for it dearly through prison sentences, detentions without trial and bannings. Many of the women, who have been part of the continuing struggle, will be' present at the conference. And it will also point the way forward for British women to take up the campaign against apartheid and n solidarity with their South African sisters. A politics, trade unions, church life and women's groups, will lead the afternoon debate, which hopefully will produce a new and positive programme for British women to act against apartheid AAM supporters are asked to circulate information about the conference within their local trade union branches; political parties, churches, women s orgarsisations and groups, and to ,Wirge full support for this event A Conference registration form appears on the back page of this edition of AA NEWS. AAM calls meeting on UK investment THE Anti-Apartheid Movement is planning to hold a conference on British investment in South Africa on June 19. Delegates will be invited from trade unions, trades councils, CLPs and other sections of the Labour movement. Further details in future issues of AA NEWS British women against apartheid - new programme planned

Pqiti'ApafliieiU1,rssrinraIcr, r7i~rra5e 'r as PC trial drags on DEFENCE counsel has asked for the discharge of five of the acused in the trial of 9 members of the South African black consciousness movement, and -for the dropping of all but one charge against the other four The trial reopened in Pretoria on February 2 All butone of the charges are based on writings and speeches in which the accused advocate black unity against the apartheid s stem. The other charge relates to pro-FRELIMO rallies in Durban and the segregated black University of the North, which four of the accused are alleged to have helped to organise in September 1974. The charges have been made under the Terrorism Act which carries a minimum penalty of five years imprisonment and a maximum of death According to defence counsel, all that the 147 documents submitted as evidence by the prosecution showed, is that the accused believed that if blacks stood united they could persuade South Afrhican whites to see reality and agree to ; full, democratic society The defence argued that many of the documents were "purely common or garden political sense", On the charge that the ac cused had stred up black hostility against whites, defence countel commented "To tell blacks that whites are treating them badly is telling them something they already know and could never be a proper subject for prosecution under the Terrorism Act." The nine have been held in custody since October 1974, for much of the time in solitary confinement They were returned to solitary for 28 days last December after an incident in which they refused to enter a van taking them to court in which the canvas flaps had been lowered, cutting off the air As a result of the incident one of the accused, former SASO (South African Students Organisation) President, Pandelani Nefolovhedwe. was convicted of assulting a police officer. Above: Mosiuoa Lekoa. Below: Saths Cooper Seven on trial for conspiracy SEVEN people charged under the Terrorism Act were greeted with clenched-fist' salutes and shouts of " from a packed public gallery when they appeared" in court in lohannesburg on January 26. The accused - six men and a woman - are connected with the National Youth Organisation, MAYOD The charges against them allege that they conspired to form underground ceIls to collect information about,places like power stations, irports, mlitary bases and electrical installations with the in tention of sabotaging them anc bringing about a revolutiotn against the Vorster Goern ment SA whites It is alo alleged that they made a study of the South African economy and the role that could be played by black workers in crippling the economy. Forty six alleged accomplices were listed in the charge sheet, five of whom are detamed under the Terrorism Act The organisations NAYO, Transvaal Youth Organlisation, Three more on THREE men from Johannesburg apleared briefly in a Johannesburg court on January 27 to facte charges under the Terrorism Act The three - Chtis Goddard, Natal Yout Organisation, Azanian Liberation Movement, African National Congress, SASO {South African Students Organisation) and BPC (Black People's Convention) are also listed as accomplices Six of the accused were remanded in custody until March 1, and the seventh, Pat Maisela, was sent for a setarate trial on February 27 Terror charges Johnny Ramaock and Weizman Hamilton, were alleged to have conspired to leave South Africa for political and military training They were released on bail. man the barricades in defence of race supremacy FACED, as a result of its invasion of Angola with its greatest foreign policy crisis since the second, world war, white South Africa has resorted to its traditional defene - the laager,. The Cabinet reshuffle announced by Vorster before the opening of the present session of Parliament reflected a shift tot e nght. Brought in from the back benches as Deputy Miitsir of Bantu Administration was Dr. A P, Treurnicht, a former chairman of the Broecderbond and on iptimate and supporter of Dr Albert Hertzog up to the time the latter left the Nationalist Party to form the reconstituted Nationalist Party ( HNP) to preserve pure . Treurnicht is a hard-I Ine verkrampte". In his recent book "Credo van 'n Afrikaner' he defended petty apartheid, arguing that if that were to go, greater apartheld would become senseless, He defended petty apartheid as being "almost Ike J ohing, it creates a distance between the individual and his, fellow man and thus naitasrit the sense of shame and shields the most ntimate" .'(on~ciously discriminate in favour of your own", he has said His appointment is not only a clever move by Vorster to nobble a right-wing critic, but equally a move to consolidate the whole right wing behind the Nationalist Party. Only a few weeks earlier Vorster had receiyed a letter from Dr Hertzog calling for an end to the Gov

Unanimous call for free elections by UN Security Council -UK backs one Naniba IN January !he Un Security Council passed a resolution calling for free elections in a unitary Namibia (South West Africa). FRANK HOOLEY IV explains the significance of tf "thirteenth resolution". ON January 30 the UN Securit Council passed the thirteenth i its series of resolutions o Namibia which stretch back t 1968. Just another one' WeJ not quite, for reasons which will try to spell out. The draft was sponsored b eight Council members cove ing every continent - Guyan and Panama for The America, Pakistan for Asia, Benin. Libya Tanzania for Africa, Rumani and for turope, Tb President of the UN Council fc Namibia made a statement t the Security Council and so di Moses Garoeb Administrativ Secretary of SWAPO The resolution 385 (1976) wa adopted unanimously - nc partucularly usual for resolu tions before the Security Cou cil- and this means that th Western world (in particular th United Kingdom, United State and France) are now formall and bindingly committed L certain vitally important princi pies concerning the future a Namibia The resolution runs to 1 operative paragraphs with som sub-sections and I will not try t paraphrase them all, but to pic out the significant points, ove and above the general con Cemnation of South Africa' ontimued illegal occupation o the Territory and racist policies 'Cancel THE Labour Party's NEC issued a special statement in February on Namibia (,South West Africa) in which it calls on the Government to end Britain's contract for the purchsase of uranum fromthe terriory. JIM CHRY STIE, the Party's International ffce,describes how the .statement calls for a r* appraisal of present Government policy MPLA'S successful struggle a gainst imperialism in Angolc mans that the spotlighst will fi creangy be on the liberatior struggles taking place ir Namijia (South West Africa iand Zimbabwe (Rhodesia), ant on the developing situation ir South Africa. This means that the Britisl Labour movement has to ap preciate the new situation ir Southern Africa, bring up-todate existing programmes anc policy and re-assess presen comnitments. It also means an assessrnent of present Gdvernment policy towards Southern Africa Ovei the last year the Labour Part, has had working a Study Group on Southern African trade ant investment. On the basis of its work the Labour Party's NEC issued a special statement in February on Namibia. A furthei lpolicy statement on South Afr1uo will be isued withi tby pext esyjo ,tof bs., are thefollowing 'undividedStatewithitsown the racialwar which is moving, The resolution demands "that national identity, and has ac- maybe slowly maybe more South Africa put an end forth- cepted SWAP (South West quickly than we think, to a with to its policy of Bantustans African People's Organisation) climax in Southern Africa. and the so-called homelands as thespokesman for that State. Many of us for the best part IP aimed at violating the national Itwillbevery hard to go back on of two decades have struggled ie unity and the territorial integ- that commitment whatever the to convince cynical and doubtrity of Namibia" bizarre twists and turns of ing governments that if they y It goes on to say"that it is Western policyin Southern continued to go along as squaln imperative that free elections Africa in the near future. id accomplices in apartheid and n under the supervision and con- But of course the critical racial oppression then cataso trol of the United Nations be compromise which led to the trophe was bound to come. li held for the whole of Namibia unanimous adoption of the We begged and urged that as one political entity" (my resolution - unlike the one last the ecoromic pressures which italics) year which was vetoed by the the Western world could easily y It demands that South Africa UK, USA and France combined have applied to the successive accept the principle of free - was the omission of any Nazi regimes in South Africa be a elections and rcognise "the determinationofa 'threattothe used to undermine apartheid territorial integrity and unity of peace" which would have led to They would not listen, and Namibia as a nation" theinvokingofsanctions ag- still will not. We have now seen a It tequires South Africa to ainst South Africa. Britain in the destruction of the Portue "abolish the application in particular strained her diplo- guese empire (with no help r Namibia of all racially discrim- macy to the limit to avoid any from the West) leaving a partial o inatory and politically repres- reference to Chapter VII of the power vacuum that threatens to d sive laws and practices, par- UN Charter with the aim, in the suck in the super powers, by e titularly bantustans and home- event'successful of securing a proxv if not directly. Smith in lands" and to "accord uncon- resolution all could support. Rhodesia hangs on by his toe s ditionally to all Naribians cur- It is some measure of the nails and Vorster is panicking It rently in exile for political weirdness of international dip- into 'the abandonment of his reasons full facilities for return lomacy that this omission' of tattered "detente" and girding to their country with out risk, of any reference to- a threat to the himself up for a brutal war. e arrest, detention, intimidation peace could be sustained while Western policy is now on a e or imprisonment". an international war was (and knife-edge and there is still the s Finally the Scurity Council still is) raging in the territory of gravest danger that in the y decided to remain seized of the Namibia's neighbour - a war in mnterests of "combatting como matter, to review the position which South Africa has been' munism" or "preventing Soviet - again by August 31 and "in the heavily involved and from penetration" or some such lunf event of non-compliance by which she has not yet fully acyWashington will throw in its South Africa" to meet "for the disengaged' lotwithVorsterandatimid 2 purpose of considering the ap- In terms of formal diplomacy Labour government in London e propriate measures to be taken the stance of the Western world will miserably tag along as it did o under the Charter" (a phrase, towards Namibia is now spelled so disastrously over Vietnam, k alas which has occurred in Out, a unified independent The crucial test may well lie r several resolutions in the pastl) nation State with a government in "The 13th Resolution" in it - he Western world has there- based on free elections is the the West has said the right 5 fore now committed itself pub-' goal Namibia however lies in things and committed itself to licly and formally to the recog- the shadow of Angola and will the right policy - will we now ntion of Namibia as a single soon itself bec ome the focus of have the guts to see it through uranium contractl Labour The statement reflects the In the new Namib a state- the Government to undertake considerable disquiet within the ment the Labour Party re-af- stronger collective action at the Labour Party regarding the Go- firms that its "first priority is UN. It has condemned the vernment's actions on Namibia one of giving support to the South African invasion of AnIn "Labour's Programme 1973", liberation movement of 'Nam- gola and stated that as the the Party stated that Labour ibia, SWAPO. Our role in the South African occupation of p~licy woUld put Britain "Cle- wider international sphere is to Namibia poses a threat to peace arly and unequivocally on the undertake actions which sup- In the area, Britain should side of those who are seeking port and help develop the support action in the Security liberation." struggles of the Namhibian Council under Chapter Seven, Yet the Labour Government people", With this base, the Article 39 of the UN Charter to has been equivocal in its sup- statement goes on to make make South Africa end this port for SWAPO (South West proposals for unilateral and threat and comply with UN African People's Organisation), collective action decisions. anddespite SWAPO protests, The new policy statement is a The Party further asked the last year Minister of State David considerable extension and Government to re-consider its Enuals MP met Bantustan lea- rounding out of "Labour's Pro- refusal to join the UN Council ders from Namibia. gramme 1973", It argues that for Namibia, and has stated that The Government has also there are a number of things the the Government should accept declared that South Africa's Labour Government could do the UN Decree of September t occupation of Namibia is not unilaterally. Whereas the 1973 1974, for the Protection of the 'illegal' but 'unlawful' and that statement was unclear on ques- Natural Resources, of Namibia. from the latter categorisation, tions of trade and investment All in all, the new Labour no consequences flow which with Namibia, the 1976 state- Party statement is arguing for a are harmful to British commer- ment argues that all British radical re-appraisal of existing cial interests in the area, companies operating in government policy. As the docThe Rossing uranium con- Namibia should with- ument concludes. 'The main tract continues, despite firm draw from the territory, strands of Labour policy are the Party commitments to the con- The statement re-affirms exis- economic disengagement of trary, and as a number of ting Party policy to amend or Britain from Namibia, respect members of the Study Group terminate the 1968 Atomic En- for the 1971 Opinion 'of the have pointed out, at the UN erig Authority-Rio Tinto-Zinc International Court, support for Britam has not exactly fulfilled contract, so that Britair does UN policies andsolidaritywithPartypolicy. , not receiveuraniumfromNam- the developing liberation Despite some changes in ibia. Information b'efoie the struggle of the Namibian I policy from the previous Con- Study Group suggested that the striggle." The new statement servative Government the La- British Government had not has been welcomed by SWAPO. bour Party's view in the Nam- made any very serious high- But statements in and of ibia statement was that "Bri- level' representations to other themselves change little, and tain, whilst rejecting South potential uranium suppliers, so the Labour Party will be Judged African policy in theory has the Labour Party statement has in the coming period by its supported Pretoria by economic called for these talks to begin attitude tofthe liberationandpoliticallinks." immediately strugglesin. Namibia, ZimThe Party has also called for babwe and South Africa,. HumanRights meeting FROM Jandary 5-10, some 300 delegates, mainly international lawyers, diplomats, members of UN specialised agencies and some church, representatives, gathered in , for aninternational Conference on Namibia and Human Rights. The conference was held at the invitation of President Leopold Senghor of Senegal and was organised by the Strasbourg-based International Institute for Human Rights in collaboration with the International Commission of Jurists. 'The unofficial initiator of the conference was Commissioner for Namibia, Sean MacBride, Opening the Conference President Senghor, one of the first African Presidents to respond to South Africa's "dialogue" overtures, called upon the international community at large to "exercise its responsibilities" to ensure independence for Namibia under existing UN resolutions. Zambian Foreign Minister Rupiah Banda re-assured SWAPO of Zambian support. SWAPO President, Sam Nuiom, himself led a strong delegation to the conference. Once the conference had divided into two working commissions, he warned the conference against becoming too involved with nicetites of international law. Through SWAPO, he said, the people of Namibia were involved in a struggle for liberation, and SWAPO saw the Dakar Conference as assisting in the liberation process, not hindering it through legal technicalities In the end the two commissions one dealing with "Human Rights in Namibia present and future" endorsed a 25-point "Declaration of Dakar" and "Programme of Action". The Declaration confirms SWAPO as the sole authentic representative of the Namibian people, and endorses the validity of their armed struggle Despfite the undoubted value of the "Declaration" and the Programme of Action" and despite the raising of the level of consciousness among menhers of the international legal fraternity, it is perhaps on the diplomatic level that the Dakar Conference will have been of most value. For it was in Dakar that much of the strategy to be used in the ensuing months at the United Nations was planned the tenuous support of the US, France and the UK has been won for a resolution demanding free elections in Namibia to be supervised and controlled by the United Nations, ard also condemning South Africa's militarisation of Namibia for its own purposes in Angola. How far the Western powers will be prepared to push South Africa if no indication of free elections are evident by August 31, 1976 is a matter for conjecture But at least the Dakar Conference will once again have shown South Africa that -the world stands united in its condemnation of the lack of human rights and selfdetermination in Namibia. David de Beer "

South Africanaggress s dei AAM warns against new Western initiative in support of white minorities AS ANTI-APARTHEID NEWS goes to press events are moving fast and the white minority regimes in Southern Africa are facing a new crisis. AAM Hon. Secretary ABDUL MINTY reports on recent developments anti warns that powerful forces are operating in favour of white Southern Africa in the west. SOUTH Africa's intervention. in -Angola has turned out to have been a major blunder It has now reportedly withdrawn to the southern border of Angola and dug itself in along a line from the Atlantic coast to central Africa creating a barrier at least 30 miles inside Angola, As the MPLA advanced southwards South African forces began to retaliate by mining roads and fields in order to obstruct their advance but it retreated to avoid any direct confrontation Since the Angolan situation is const antly changing it is difficult to make any reliable forecast about whether South Africa will withdraw from Angolan territory or stand firm and fight to retain control over the butter area Taking ac, count of what has happened so far it is not ikely-that the South Africans will be ready to start a major war which it cannot possibly win. It is bound to look for a way out At the beginning of February, in an interview with the Washington Post, the Soiuth African Defence Minister admitted that between 40005000 troops were operating in the operational zone at that time Other western sources placed the figure as high as 10,000 South African troops. The Minister pointed out that their initial intervention was so successful that South African forces went deep into Angolan territory -as far as 500 miles He explained South Africa's defeat by pointing to superior military equipment in the hands of the MPLA forces and their Cuban allies. Defence Minister Botha emphasised that whilst the South Africans did pull back nearer to the border we were not routed as some of your papers said'. Routed or not the South African objective of des troying the influence and authority of MPLA in Angola has failed No one denies that, Within South Africa, very little has' been reported about the situation in Angola- even less has been said about the reverses suffered by South Africa But the call-up of reservists and other war-time measeres instituted by the regime conveyed to the domestic population the deep invohvem ent the country in a nearb, war The Western press tomnled on the need of the Pretoria regime to withhold -nformation about Angola fhio' the' white population ooecause of the effect it would have on their morale. What they did not mention, and of greater significance, is the effect on the morale of the oppressed African, Indian and Coloured people. Nowhere has South Africa's defeat been celebrated with as much joy as by the black people in' that country. Any strengthening of the resolve of the black population to resist the apartheid system can have very serious consequences on the ability of the Preotria regime to maintain internal security: that is South Africa's major pre-occupation One of the reasons for intervening in Angola was to destroy the influence of SWAPO and put an end to the growing success of its military forces iq Namibia. Instead, SWAPO has been able to intensify its operations and claim new victories - and an independent Angola is bound to support the liberation struggle of the Namibian people Another major objective was to utilise the Angolan situation to 'cement closer military relations , with the major Nato powers and particularly the United States. It is now beyond doubt that the Ford Administration would have liked to intervene much more directly in order to counteract the influence of MPLA but waSe unable to carry out all its plans due to the refusal of the Senate and Congress t6 sanction such action. Since US and South African objectives were the same there is little doubt as to the likelihood of advance planning by the two-powers to intervene in various ways in Angola in order to destroy the MPLA government Despite this unity of purpose it proved impossible to carry out that objective for several reasons. Both the South African regime and the mass media in the west has, with remarkable dedication, concentrated on pointing -to the "communist danger" posed by the presence of Cuban soldiers and Soviet equipment being "provided to the MPLA at its own request to help counter South Africa's invasion of Angola. This theme has also been picked up by various western politicians who have also been quick to describe the MPLA victory as constituting a new danger to western security. It is common knowledge that none of the major "free, world" powers gave any assistance whatsoever to the African liberation movements engaged in the struggle against colonialism and. race rule. Indeed, their record is one of full support for Portuguese colonialism Secondly, as the liberation movements and African leaders such as President Nyerere of Tanzania point out, the socialist countries have for many years provided assistance to the African liberation movements. It is somewhat remarkable then that so much is being made of the "threat of communism" at this particular moment. Clearly any outside military intervention in newly independent African states is to be deplored In the case of Angola it is important to trace the background. According to the London-Times of 22 Tanuary 1976 South African troops were operating in Angolan territory as early as June 1975. By September there were more reports about South African intervention and by October the evidence was so overwhelming that no one doubted it The South African forces had over-run vast areas of Angola according to De-fence Minister Botha himself - and this left MPLA with no choice but to seek external assistance from its friends in order to stop South Africa's invasion of Angola. It is also important to note that South Africa's invasion took place well before November 11th when Angola was still a Portuguese colony despite this clear case of South African aggression and not withstanding requests to the British and other western governments to protest at South Africas aggression, no such protests were forthcoming. South Africa was encouraged by this inaction on the part of the major western powers In this context it is useful to examine the- policy of the western powers in June 1975 when the Security Council debated Namibia. In that debate the President of SWAPO, Mr Sam Nujoma, informed the. Council of the growing militarisation of Namibia and the establishment of major bases in that territory: he called for a mandatory arms embargo ag ainst South Africa The nonaligned members, including Sweden, supported the resolution which determined that the situation in Namibia amounted to a threat tO the peace and required mandatory action under Ch VII of the UN Charter. They also ca led for the arms embargo to be made mandatory. * In a submission made on behalf of the AAM we informed the Council about _the expansion of military bases in Namibia add said that "they are major bases equipped for attacks against African States to the north". We also referred to a statement made by Angola's Minister of the Interior in April 1975: "South Africa has installed near our district one of the most modern bases in Africa in which rocket launchers have been installed -- all pointing in the direction of our country." None of this information was disputed by any of the major western powers yet they decided to vote against the resolution by using once again the Triple Veto in order to block a mandatory arms embargo being implemented against South Africa. It is important to note this debate and the policy of the major western powers not to condemn South Afriqa's rapid militarisation, its a tion in establishing . major military bases in Namibia long before Angola's independence in November last, and the silence at " its intervention in Angola. Had the Security Council adopted that resolution in June 1975 and warned South Africa about the dangers of its military ambitions in that region it is possible that the rulers in Pretoria would have been less ready to intervene in Angola. In the light of South Africa's experience in Angola the defence authorities have drafted an amendment to the Defence Act so that members of the defence force will be liable for war service anywhere "south of the equator" This means that the authorities will no longer need the written consent of its armed forces for them to serve outside South Africa, though Namibia has always been considered as part of South Africa. It will also remove the difficulty experience by South African armed units operating in Rhodesia for they will no longer have to go through the tedious process of describing it as a 'police operation'. South Africa is thus preparing itself to strike far and deep into neighbouring African States It is therefore important not to underestimate South Africa's threat to the rest of Africa simply because its initial obje(tives in Angola have hot been achieved. The rulers in Pretoria are openly stating that one of the reasons for, amending the Defence Act is to facilitate the crossing of neighbouring borders by its armed forces under the new 'hot pursuit' policy. Following the recent suMmit meeting of the four Afri can Presidents in Mozambique, President Nyerere des cribed these developments as constituting a seiiots challenge to Africa and warned South Africa not to under estimate the strength of the four countries. That meeting also agreed on the need to intensify the armed struggle in Zimbabwe. The Smith regime and some of its friends abroad are clearly worried about the growing resistance to the illegal regime from its oppressed African population. In the recent past with most of the attention being concentrated on the Angolan situation, very little has been-reported about the increasing number ofprovocative actions by the illegal Smith regime against the territorial integrity of Mozambique. Despite warnings from President Machel those acts of aggression persist. If they do not cease soon there is likely to be a serious confrontation on the Rhodesian-Mozambique border. In view of the increasing insfability of the Rhodesian regime South Africa may once again consider sending its armed units to helpdefend the Smith regime, despite the clear dangers of such a policy. Part of South Africa's new strategy of crossing borders upto the equator in 'hot pursuit' of guerrillas will probably involve retaliatory air and rocket attacks against those countries which support the liberation movements. The consideration by the Pretoria regime that events in neighbouring countries affect its own security and its readiness to intervene in any state up to the equator poses very real dangers for the peace and security of Africa South Africa's Director-General of Resources, Major General Neil Webster said in February that the present low-intensity war on the country's borders is expected to escalate to a war of mid-intensity He went on to say: "South Africans, like the Israelis, must get used to the idea of living with a warlike situation for some years". He also added that experience gained in Angola by the army and air force was invaluable because an operational situation was the finest training ground. There is no doubt about South Africa' firatrx inifn- tions in Africa because of itr and aggressive is considered number one ers can view of Sou is not adequatf in the west and with which peu quarters equate intervention in the assistance, MPLA by Cubs, Union. Had it South African ii destroy the si unlikely that it been necessary seek help from As to the futu re Luand, governm feel secure with heavily militare for attack from Namibia and he long as that territorial integr cannot devote a to the great te building and r and will-need t( lant. There can for any of Si neighbours as Pretoria regime gressive and cot pand its militai first need is thee for an end to, intervention it) ther by its regula cenaries or o South Africa nut to dismantle A] installations ins withdraw its ill0 of the internatioi The ability of world to ensut Africa complies national deman ho.,f~ t- 0- w, m iviarcn I st, Page 7 tated in Angola IsMPLA aims to unite Angolans in task of national reconstruction Ia - and it is powers exercise direct pressts expansionist ure upon the Pretoria regime. posture that it The prospects of any serious to be Africa's western action along these nem l: this Afri- lines seems more remote than Uifa Africa's role ever before and therefore intely understood creased assistance has to be d thus the ease given to the African liberation ople in certain struggle. e outh Africa's the Situation in Southern i Angola with Africa has never been as grave rmvided to the a threat to world peace as it is and the Soviet today: the threat which South not been for Africa presents to Africa is intervention to undoubtedly increasing in the ltA it is very lights of the changing situ-. it would have ation in that region: the for MPLA to greatest danger will be for the outside. United States and other westeof Angola the ern powers to stand with South inst can never Africa in defence-of the aparbI South Africa theid system against the forces sed and posed of Atrican freedom w(its bases in The white power system in. eewher. As Southern Africa is in serious treat to its crisis: the regimes in Salisbury f persists' it and Pretoria have never been ciltits resources under so much pressure.-They ak of nation ar capable of acting disasreconstruction trously in a desperate attempt hremain vigi- to hold on to the old order 0e no peace but even more dangerous is fauth Africa's the likelihood of certain Wesmg as the tern powers preparing for in-remains ag- tervention to help defend ,tinues to ex- South Africa and preserve its SPower The interests! n e to work Britain can quite easily inS6uth African tervene since it can claim that Angola whe- Rhodesia is still its colony. Yforces, mer- Whether such action would be itler agents. aimed at assisting the African ist be pressed liberation struggle is quesD its military tionable - it could easily be Namibia and turned into an operation to wloccupation stop it spreading, to South I territory Africa. -There is no doubt f the outside about the powerful forces that South ojerating in favour of South ewith inter- Africain theWest; it is atimeis restson for maximumvigilance"oe, lanc BOB HUGHES NP visited Angola in February to atteni an international solidarity conference in Luanda. In thi article he looks at questions of vital concern to supporter of the liberation struggle in Southern Africa, and conclui that MPLA has the' experience to build a democratic Angola free of all Outside interference. WENT to Angola in earl, February to represent th( Anti-Apartheid Movement a the Afro-Asian People's Solid arity Organisation conference held in Luanda to demonstrate solidarity with MPLA and thE people of Angola. The confer ence called for the recognitior of the Popular Republic ol Angola as the legitimate Government of the country. Since that time MPLA has been recognised by the malority of African States, and Angola has been admitted as a full member of the OAU I am sure that the conference itself was of help to a movement which has been denigrated in the Western press and media as a puppet of Soviet-Cuban domination To regard MPLA in this light is to insult the leadership amd membership which struggled before and during the military phase to free Angola from Portuguese colonialism. To do this is to neglect the ideology of a movement which has developed its strategy for times of peace from its experiences of guerrila warfare. I am of course here expressing my own views of the situation. It does seem to me that having appreciated during the guerrilla phase of operations, that such a, struggre could not succeed without the support of the non-combatant population that MPLA have projected this into peacetime policies. Civil war always leaves a bitterness in its aftermath This is bound to be accentuated when there is tribal background to the struggle of recent times. It would be idealistic to imagFne that thoughout the whole country the mass of the population was ideologically committed to MPLA. I believe that MPLA is sincere in its desire to be a genuine instrument of national reconstruction and reconcilation, and understands that in peace as in war, the civilian economic revolution cannot succeed unless the people accept its general aims. This I see as the genesis and purpose of 'People's Power' It is a real attempt to involve the people of Angol a in decision making. There is a real'understanding that solutions to economic difficulties cannot be imposed from a rigid centralised bureaucracy on an urban or peasant populati on.. We cannot ignore the difficulties ahead. There is bound to be a susnicion amrnp uoD Hughes MP in Luanda in Ja peasants whose tribal loyaltie are strong and where thesw have been exploited by move ments claiming to speak an( fight in their name. My discussion with the MPLA leadership convince me that these problems are well recognised and that every effort will be made to overcome them.with patience If they are to succeed they will need all the help and assistance which can be provided from whatever source it can be obtained. How much support MIPLA will receive will very largely depend on the view taken of the presence of Russian advisors and Cuban troops. It would be a mistake not to recognise that this has been a cause of concern on a broad front. Some supporters of the Anti-Apartheid Movement share this worry about outside intervention in what can legitimately be seen as an African domestic matter. How should we look at this new factor? Outside intervention has been a feature of the liberation struggle in all of the former Portuguese colonies, During the 1960s there was well documented evidence that NATO weapons and equipment wee being used in defiance of the supply conditions Faced with this, both Rusia and China made available equiPment and training personnel to the liberation movements. No one was naive enough to think that the struggle for decolonisation could be left to the sole effort of Africans outnumbered by highly trained troops and faced with UK groups ON February 4 people around Britain took part in the mass leafletting campaign organised by the Angola Solidarity Committee to mark the fifteenth anniversary of the beginning of MPILA's armed liberation struggle, Around 110.000 leaflets were given out, on the theme of "What's Going on In Angola?- ThVe demand for " l 7 such cost in human life, that African nationalists will accept any form of external control, President Neto, in a major speech made this absolutely clear when he said, "I repeat r hereweAngolansloveindefpendence,welovethedemocracywewererobbed of Iduring colonialism. Neither one nor the other will, be RN69111 possibleifweagreeblindlyto follow the policy of other countries. We are aware of this." Since my return, I have repeatedly been asked to explain the view of MPLA in relation to the presence of Cuban personnel. It has brought home to me the major nuary Propaganda victory of South Africa They have -succeeded superior equipment. It cannot to a very large measure in be denied, however, that Cu, cloaking their invasion by ban regular troops are a new invoking- an anti-Communist factor. response. The question has been The cause of freedom and asked, "Why were these democracy cannot be furbrought in and for what pur- thered by sustaining an aparpose?'" There are two answers theid regime which itself deto this It has now been nies fundamental human revealed that vast sums of rights within its own borders. money and equipment were The UN and international legal being provided by the Am- opinion have clearly demons erican CIA, and this provoked trated the illegality of the a counter-response" by the South Afican occupation of Soviet Union in the first Namibia (South West Africa). instance Secondly the inva- The pursuance of such a sion of Angola by South P9icy can lead to only one African troops, which went far inevitable conclusion, a Vietbeyond even the defence of nam situation. I know of no the Cunene Dam project one who contemplates this meant that MPL4 forces were with anything but sadness. unable by theehselves to Recent signs show that the counter those equipped with South African Government rehighly sophis ticated weapons, grets its action in Angola, even All sources of information only if it regrets it did not now agree that the MPLA succeed in securing its objecinvited Cuban assistance in tive. the face of this threat to its If our primary purpose of very existence. Jose Eduardo ending apartheid -in South dos Santos, Foreign Minister Africa is to succeed, we must of the Angolan People's'Re- be wary of those who seek to public, told me, and has since justify the regime's existence confirmed this to the foreign in terms of a bulwark against press, that there is no inten- Communism. This bogy will tion to proceed beyond the continue to be used and used internationally recognised with increasing frequency. ' borders of Angola It is their Our air is clear. We are not clear desire, shared by Cuba, in favour of puppet Governthat as soon as South Africa ments in Africa either of East withdraws from Angolan soil or West. But that is not the and there is a reasonable choice we seek for those still guarantee of no further incur- bereft of any choice because .sion of its troops, that outside of the force of arms. Our troops will leave Angola. objective is to enable the What supporters of the peoples of Southern Africa to cause of African liberation make a free choice of governmust do, is to keep in per- nients who will truly reflect spective the African view- their aspirations and will depoint, It is inconceivable that velop the riches oftheir counhaving.fought so long ard at tries for the commonweal. call to back MPLA them was such that printing costs were the only factor limiting the distribution of twice as many, but the problem of cost was exacerbated by the theft of 40,000 leaflets from the building of the Mozambique and Cuine Information Centre office. Nearly 40.000 leaflets were allocated in different areas of Inln - le-'. Mi nrl .-4 4 .... were used in Scotland, Wales, Ulster, Manchester, Birmingham, Wolverhapton, Coventry, East Angola, Brighton, Newcastle, Bradford, kiver pool and so on. The response has been good, and the ASC is now dealing with increasing numbers of requests for further information, literature nd speakers Fighting stps up in Zimbabwe AFTER a few months lull the armea struggle in the eastern part of Zimbabwe (Rhodesia) has been steadily building up again. By the middleof February. more than 50 fr edom fighters and sin members of the security forces were claimed by the regime to have been killed since the New Year in clashes in the "operational areas". Largegroups ot guerrillas ap pear to have been involved, and battles have taken place on the eastern border with Mozambique, far to the south of previous engagements Ip the north-east A[number of statemerts and official communiques have been issued since the New Year, claiming the following casualties January 14: Four guerrillas, one of whom was a woman killed lanuary 15: Five Rhodesian servicemen injured whentheir security forces vehicle detonated a landmine in the north-east part of the country January 23. A white Soldier, Rifleman mohannes Kriek, was announced to have died as the result of "an accidental gunshot wound received hile on operations" January 27 Four guerrillas killed, three Rhodesian servicemen injured bruary 2. Eight guerrillas killed, an African policeman, Constable Nyakudya of the BSAP, killed. and three other members of the security forces and a tsetse control employee inured February 6 Brian Regenass, a Police Reservist, died "after an accident somewhere near the Moz'ambique border' Feebruary 7. 18 guerrillas killed February 9 Three guerrillas and two policemen, Patrol Officer Bruce Baker and Constable David Twav enga, killed February 12 Five guerrillas and an African district assistant Mr Fararira Mukdokwi, killed February 15: Nine guerrillas and one white serviceman killed It was announced at the end of January that additional territoral troops were to be called up at short notice to maintain the army s military strength at its pre-Christmas levels lI a radio and television broadcast shortly afterwards, Ian Smith stated that in his view, the current wave of attacks would DPP considers. ads for Smith. mercenaries FOREIGN' Secretary James recruitment of British mercenCallaghan has referred adver- aries to fight in Zimbabwe tisements placed in British (Rhodesia). newspapers for mercenaries to The Labour weekly Tribune fight for the Smith regime in replied to one of -the ads Rhodesia to-the Director of placed in the 'SundayPeople Public Prosecutions. and News oftheWord - and He has also written to the was sent a document headed Newspaper Proprietors' "Rhodesian Army: Application Association expressing concern Form for European members" about the advertisements (Jan-Feb AA NEWS) The initiatives fol lowed The advertisements were incluestions asked by Labour MNP serted by an organisation Bob Hughes, who called for calling itself Southern Placegovernment action to stop the ment Services Sham refugees settled in southern Angola A Sority guard's best friend-these two are members of one of Rhodesia's proliferating private armies, up to coordinate the citys Their military-type twelve civil defence zones. The and discipline are con centre, whose location is a far superior So the o caretully guarded secret mai- night watchmen still U tai s a day and night radio and shops and factories in telephone watch over the city Afica. Rhodesian securil and is in constant contact with aire also prepared to pr units in the field. A further 100 variety of undercover "I male and female volunteers are services , such as plain being called for to bring total investigators to infiltrate civil defence strength up to 400. ies and businesses to f Salisbury Fire Brigade has strikes and industrial trained 43 volunteers as standby- These proliferating firefghters,, while others are armies work closely w becoming proficient in first aid BSAP and the Special B Units in Salisbury Central north-easternzonsewerecalled Margare AAM calls for ban on THE Anti-Apartheid Movement hours to nake the recruit ent has called for an immediate ban of mercenaries in Britain illegal on the recruitment of mercen- His stement folJowed the aries to fight in Angola Government s announcement At its National Committee of the setting up of a committee meeting on January 31 the of three Privy Councillors, Movement asked the Govern- under Lord Diplock to inquirt " meet to take prompt action to whether "sufficient control alstop British mercenaries leaving ready exists over the recruitfor. Ang-la, ment of British citizens as Iln the House of Commons the mercenaries Ant-i artheid Movement s Bob Hughes said that there Iie-Chairman Bob Hughes would be disappointment in M' asked ii It were not Brita in and in Africa that the los o to put an Act through setting, up of the committee tie I, ,use ciiommonsl in 24 would lead to delays in acti Taning sidered Id-style sed by South ty firms ovide a back-up clothes 'factororestall unrest, private ith the ranch. It Ling mercenaries vating pressure to stop mercenaries being recruited A call for an irnmediate ban on the recruitment and dispatching of mercenaries to Angola was one of the main points of an appeal issued by a major international conference held in support of the people of Angola in Luanda in February The conference asked all supporters of rteal Angolan independence to launch campaigns aimed at stopping the recuiting of mercenaries going to A.ngola, the ,evtedig, of THE Vorster regime, which Antono Felicio. the local claims to be providing food, FNLA commander, and other shelter and medical assistance armedI FNLA officers and men, for several thousand Angolan sailed with her refugees who have fled south Following negotiations with towards the Namibian border, the South Africans, those rehas been expending much fugees - about half who energy in publicising the hu- could prove their Portuguese manitarian aspects of its ref- nationality or descent wereugeereliefwork allowedto disembarkfromthe Repeated approaches have ships and taken to Windhoek, been made to the UN Secre- from where they were flown to tary General, Dr Kurt Wald- Lisbon The rest were taken helm, to lend assistance, and north in Hercules C-135 transeven to persuade him to per- port planes and Mlaced in sonally inspect the refugee refugee camps controlled by camps, which have been set the South African Defence up in Namibia and southern Forces in occupied Angolan Angola. Such a step by the UN territory adjacent to the Namwould he tantamount to tacit ibian border recognition of South Africa's The camps also contain right to occupy the territory UNITA and FNLA supporters Meanwhile, attention has who fled south from Huambo been diverted away from the and other towns, a total of fact that a large number of the several thousand people in all refugees are in fact FNLA Backed up by mercenaries and militants who fled south to the South African army them Namibia direct from the field selves, the camps would apof battle, manyof them by pear to possessstrategiposea tentialforoperations against On January 12 the Cypriot- the advancing forces of the registered ,cargo Ship, "Silver MPLA Sky", carrying 1500 Angolan In a telegram to Mr, Calrefugees, dropped anchor out- laghan, the Foreign Secretary, side Walvis Bay harbour in SWAPO has warned that BriNamibia. She was followed by tish and othyermercenaries are a second freighter, the "Rio being takas to bsases n norVogua", and a large number of thsern Namibila for special fishing smacks and other "training and orientaton" by boats all crammed with fugi- officersfromtheSouthAfritives. canarmyDanielhipenda, The "Silver Sky:' had dock d the FNLA leader who led the at the port of Mocamedet on South African and mercenary the southern Angolan coast, to column northwards into An-s offload a cargo of wheat. gola in October last year,. is When fightingbroke out reported to be activelyretween the FNLA and UNITA cruiting in northern Namibia. factions in the Mocamses Reviving the ofd idea of a area, she was commandeered white settler "buffer satet" ins by the FNLA and ordered to southern Angola, in a different sail south to Walvis Bay form, South Africa now appear to be planning an Ovambo Bantustan which would straddie the Namibia-Angola hor der. In addition to an estimated 20,000 South Africn military arid other aid to FNLA troops on the Namibian side andUNITAandmilitarvisupport alone, it is clearthatthefortheSouth Africanapartheid OvamboandKavango tribalIIreld authorities now possess their n Ireland the Irish AM Is own soldiers in addition to asking for an mmediate tribal police and that these tigation into a newspaper ePot have been actively deployed stating that former mercenary in the border area. leader Michael Hoate has vis- Training Programmes to inited Ireland to buy ships for Use crease the sizeand strength of in Angola. ' the homeland armed forces The Movement says that if and police have been anthe report proves to he true, the nounced, and the possibilities Fire Government must take for issuing arms to Ovamb action to stop mercenaries citi/enshye been dis ie-d ortiing to lreland it) future,

Anti-Apartheid News March 1U9 i, Age i Cricket plan falls flat multi -racial cricKet or any other sport at club level. He goes on to say that "the men on the new cricket body are living in a fantasy world if they believe the Government will allow them to implement something which is against sports policy" Segregated The first venture planned by the cricket authorities was a match between the Derrick Rohins XI and a multi-racial team representing the three cricket bodies. Difficulties arose wh n it was established that the seating of spectators would be segregated, This was followed by the with-drawal of support by the President of the African Crickgt Board, Moses Nyangiwe, who complained that he had not been consulted about - the match. The death blow to the venturi, which was aimed at creating an image of respectability for South African cricket, was struck by the cricketers belonging to the nonracial South African Cricket Board of Control, Who refused invitations to play. All the leading Black cricketers from the Transvaal, Natal and the Cape Province announced they would not accept invitations. It appears that the new President of SACBOC Varachia misjudged the mood and growing militancy of Black sportsmen when he agreed to the deal with the racist South African Cricket Association. The former President of SACBOC Hassan Howa who has opposed any deals with the Racists unless all racial barriers were removed, seems to be coming out on top with the support of all the leading black cricketers 'who have shown clearly by their refusal to be used in a "showpiece" match that they will settle for nothing less than non-racial sport, as advocated by the South African NonRacial Olympic Committee The conclusion that must be drawn from this attempt at multi-racialism is that sport being an integral part of society will only evolve along nonracial lines 'in South Africa when the country has been liberated from its racist masters., Chris de Broglio 'Expel South Africa from Olympics'- SANROC SANROC delegates Samba Ramsamy and Chris de Broglio attended the Olympic session in Innsbruck to lobby members of the International Olympic Committee on the South African question. In spite of consistent efforts by the racists to have their case reopened, 1C President Lord Killanin and the large majority of IOC members are not prepared to reconsider the expulslon of South Africa SANROC delegates in their discussions with IOC members FIFA looks at THE International Football Federation (FIFA) has iannounced that it will send a team to South Africa to investigate apartheid in soccer. The delegation will, visit South Africa March 14-19 and will report back to FIFA's Executive Committee, which will. in -suggested that the matter should wait until 1984 when a truly National Olympic Committee will come forward to seek membership. This suggestion was very badly received by Mclldowrie the representative of the racist South African Olympic Coimittee, who was telling delegates that .Africans don't care much for sport, preferring tribal dancing, With that kind of argument we doubt that the South African representative will impress many IOC members. soccer Apartheid turn report to the next FIFA Congress to be held in Montreal FIFA passed a resolution making countries whose Governments enforced racial discr mination ineligible for membership in 1972, and South Africa has already been suspended from the Federation. THE Anti-Apartheid Movement's ' new document on British Leyland in South Africa is now reaching many Leyland workers and shop stewards, as well as leading trade union figures and MPs. Over 30 copies have been sold at the Cowley planf' alone and others are circulating among the influential Leyland Shop Stewards Combine. The document - "British Leyland and the Metal and Allied Workers : Memo to the British Labour Movement" - reveals the extent to which this now state-owned company is harassing a well supported African union. Although the Metal and Allied Workers Union is now two years old, and claims 100 per cent membership at the Mobeni plant near Durban, Leyland stubbornly refuses to recognise it, insisting-instead on pushing tame government- sponsored liaison committees. This is in direct conflict with the Government's own recommendations in 1974 that British firms in South Africa should help and not hinder African trade unions. In its assessment, of the situation, the Movement links Leyland's employment practices with the fact that the company is still pouring massive investments into South Africa and points out that the supply of cheap, unorganised black labour makes South Africa a most profitable area, AAM believes that the experience of British Leylard's operations confirms once more the case for the ending of British investment in apartheid and, as an initial step, is calling for a halt to the new programme of investment. In a letter to the AntiApartheid Movement, Jack Jones, General Secretary of the Transport and General Workers Union, promises that the TGWU will "do what we can to press the matter with Leylands", A number of representations by MPs have been made to the relevant British ministers. Late in January, Eric Varley, Secretary of State-for Industry, announced that he had asked British Leyland for a review of the company's 'industrial relations progress' in South Africa and for its view of the possibilities for the future. He also annunced that a senior industrial relations official from the company would be visiting South Africa shortly to talk to the governmeet Leyland management and employees' 'to explore the possibilities for future advance.' In a letter to Judith Hart MP, Peter Shore, Secretary of Trade, said: "I am, of course, concerned that all British firms whether in public or private ownership should use their influence to proribte the- adoption of enlightened employment practices Iby their South African' affiliates, "including of course the recommendations on industrial relations in paragraph 7 of the code of practice." The document on British Leyland is available, price lOp plus stamp, from the Anti Apartheid Movement, ' 89 Charlotte Street, London W1P 2DQ. Tel: 01-580 5311. No visa for Oxfam worker AN Oxfam worker, Andrew Clark, has been refused a visa to enter South Africa. The decision not to allow him entry is reported to have been made by the South African Cabinet. He planned to work on a pilot community development project in the KwaZula Bantustan and was to examine the prospects for further Oxfam projects in the South African BAhtustais.' ' t " ...... AAM needs more cash WE all know how prices creep up a bit on this todayand a bit on that tomorrow - until suddenly we realise that some basic requirement is costing twice as much as it was costing a year or two ago The AntiApartheid Movement has been going through the same experience. It has affected all the equipment we use to keep going as an organisation and all the methods by which we communicate For example, it used to cost about £200 to print an isue of AA NEWS and £140 to send it out bypost These figures are now £400 and £300 per issue. Our office rent was £750 pa not long ago. Now it is £1500. The rates on our office will probably be over £1000 this year, compared with about £300 three years ago. The latest blow is the increased cost of telephone calls - one of the basic tools of our jobs. The cost of each unit has gone up overnight from 1 8 to 3p, which puts over £100 onto a typical quarter's telephone bill I Of course, at the same time as the Movement is fac ing these problems, each one of our members faces similar difficulties and it is far from easy for members to increase their contributions. What, then, is the answer? Is the Movement doomed to a period of retrenchment and contraction? Must we reduce our staff, stop publishing a newspaper, bring out fewer posters and pamphlets? The answer has got to be "No". Events in Southern Africa are moving towards the final confrontation between apartheid and liberation. Our task has never been more complex, more arduous or more important. The problem is not insoluble. but only the efforts of our members can solve it Many of us can afford to give a little more, A standing order for 50p a month from- every member would transform our financial position overnight. But more important still is the potential which could be realised if every member would play his or her part in the important political task of raising funds For every member of AAM, there are probably a hundred sympathisers, "who would be willing to give us something if only someone asked them. Every time a sympathiser is persuaded to give a donation, that sympathiser is converted into an active supporter. There is no more valuable channel into which the energies of our members and local committees can be directed. As yet, we have scarcelybegun totapourpotential resources. Fund raising must be on the agenda of every local committee meeting. It must be on the agenda every time individual members. get together to talk about the Movement. We must show that we have got what it takes to come through the hard times Tonry Oosd, T'reasdrer, UK union backs- black Leyland workers

Angola losses shake morale among white South Africans White hefbbs start to tremble FOR a long time white South Africans have been told that they must be prepared to fight - but now, for the first time in' this century, they are suffering serious casualties. A SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT examines how morale in the white langer is standing up to the new reality. ON page 6 of the April, 1973 issue of Patrys - a children's educational magazine published, by Vorster's own Afrikaner Nationalist Party in South Africa - is a short story with the title "Brotherly Love". The illustration shows a heavily armed white South African soldier shooting a black man dead. In the story, the black man is identified as a "terrorist" trained by Moscow. Incredibly brave young white South Africans, although wounded, drive the "terrorist" off, in an object-lesson in noble antiCommunist heroics for the young readers of Patrys - all of them white, " all " of them . The scene of such white valour? In the.' very first sentence, it is stated to be on the Zambesi - in Rhodesia, 300 miles from the nearest South African border. Thus are young white South Africans officially indoctrinated into believing they are members of a white super-race with every right to invade other peoples' countries and murder their citizens But now the chickens are coming home to roost - with a vengeance. Perhaps Vorster and his friends began to believe their own lies. Perhaps South Africa's blinkered, brainwashed white youth really did think it was invincible. Whatever the reason, the South African government last year committed up to 10,000 white troops in Angola, with the spurious reason that it was genuinely concerned about black self-determination One must charitably assume that at least some of white South Africa's young soldiers acquitted themselves bravely in the face of danger - because even newspapers friendly to South Africa have noted that South Africa's soldiers have mainly been firing artillery over the heads of the UNITA blacks who were actually doing the fighting. Even the South African press (Sunday Times, January 18) admits that in 28 months, just 37 white soldiers have been killed in Namibia and Angola put together. And two-thirds of those were inexperienced parttime soldiers. But it is the reactions of the ordinary white South African to this unprecedently low casualty figure thaf is the most extraordinary - and highly significant - aspect of the whole warmongering South African misadventure. For the fact is that for a nation which buries its Prime Ministers in "Heroes' Acre" in the Pretoria cemetery, which has bragged that should it ever be threatened by blacks it would - in the words of a warns the journal. But no - the Bible shows that the right attitude is to. continue to work and remain alert as nobody but God knows the true h6ur. "Even the eleventh hour is part of the day", says the church, "even if it is late". half of one per cent in Angola has been amazing. Parents who have presumably been only too anxious to encourage in their sons the attitudes of murderous exemplified by Vorster's Patrys magazine have been "nearly having heart attacks" on receipt of official telegrams. Loud complaints have been made about not getting telegrams, but reading about a son's death in the newspapers instead. There was even a complaint about "insufficient troops" at a military funeral. But the most astonishing aspect, as reflected in much of the South African press, is the lie-styl is not so weurea ssthey the obsessioi with the size of nextof-kin pensions paid to the widows and dependents of white soldiers killed in action. And it is here where the whole sordid hypocrisy of apartheid bursts through the surface. It seems that Citizen Force (conscript) soldiers, who have suffered most of the casualties i;. Angola, get a lower pension than Permanent Force men, As the South African Financial Mail puts it, the widow of a Citizen Force hero, with three children, gets 'a ltgnp sum ot E225 and "only" about El10 per month, which the Mail describes as "obviously hopelessly inadequate.. Yet this monthly income of in effect, some £35 per month per person - this "hopelessly inadequate" sum is six times as much as the "living" income of the average black person in git South Africa, according to recent figures produced by a top South African economist, Professor Sadie of . Under apartheid, a dead white is worth six times as much as a live black. Yet there is not the "And when white South Africa does resist, there will be joined a desperate battle, more un -compromising, more bitter than any struggle that Africa - if not the world - has ever known" - from the official booklet "The Case fo ,Separate development" issued by South Africa House, London, 1966. slightest sign that such crucial Tealities have yet peifetrated the white South African consciousness. The allegedly "liberal" Johannesburg "Star", for instance, has been describing the black guerrillas fighting in their Vorster plans new Security Commission THE South African government has announced two new security measures. The first is a parliamentary Commission on Internal Security. - Based on a recommendation of the Schlebusch Commission, which in 1972-4 investigated NUSAS, the Christian Institute, the South African Institute of Race Relations, and the University Christian Movement, the Commission will be a sort of improved and permanent commission, comprised of MPs, with wide powers to "investigate" (harrass, intimidate and smear) individuals and organisations on any matter relating to "internal security". The press has already, drawn the inevitable comparison between this new body and the McCarthy hearings in the fifties. But the parallel is not helpful. The new South African body will, like its US forerunner, play upon anti-Communist fears and phobias, and use the trick of guilt-by-association to smear government opponents and intimidate others. But this will all he done in a to harrass white critics country already labouring under a great load of repressive legislation, and it must be assumed to have some different purpose from acts such as the Terrorism Act which enable the police to detain people without trial indefinitely, and torture them if they choose. Probably the aim is to create a body which will pillory white critics (as distinct from black opponents, who fall outside the parliamentary sphere). Radical white students, the dissenting clergy, pacifists and others who question the methods of white domination are liable to be the main targets. Their connections with communism will in 99 per cent of cases be tenuous or non-existent. But with the tide beginning to run against the apartheid regime, it is apparently determined to squash the voices of dissent. One of the problems the Schlebusch Commission faced was in getting some reluctant witnesses to talk. (Dr. Beyers Naude, for example, was fined R50 for refusing to testify). Such people will in future be liable to a fine of up'to R600 or 6 months' jail. Those summoned before the secret sittings of the commission will have to answer the questions put to them, and do so without the benefit of a lawyer's help. Penalties for false testimony will range up to a R1,200 fine or one year's imprisonment. The government need not publish the Commission's findings. In short, what is proposed is a secret trial by politicians, with the characterassasination of the accused a foregone conclusion. The other measure announced at the beginning of the new parliamentary session is an amendment to the Suppression of Communism Act to extend its powers for the maintenance of the 'security of the state' and protection of 'public order'. At the time of writing details had not yet been revealed, and it is difficult to imagine precisely how the cornerstone of the South African government's repressive legislation requires embellishment after 26 years of usage refined by experience in the courts. own country for their freedom, as "terrorists"' But the "Star" did the world one good service. For it was this newspaper which soberly documented the hysteria which burst on the white police and militia of the southern Transvaal on New Year's Eve, when a white worker in Magaliesberg, 30 miles from Johannesburg, produced a totally unsubstantiated story of seeing four or five black "terrorists" in the area. The steely-eyed, cool-nerved white hero image which the South African government has been at such pains to sell to the world was nowhere in evidence, according to the reports of white South Africans themTelves Instead, the police stampeded around with all the aplomb of panic-stricken elephants - and with about as much tact. Journalists in the area were insolently ordered out, and the poqblic kept in a state of ignorance which fanned the panic. Eventually, one fact did emerge - a couple of early revellers had been letting* off fire- crackers in th area, shortly before the police were called in' one of the facfs about military training in South Africa is that whenever white soldiers shoot at practice targets depicting life-size humans, those humans always represent black men, a Freudian parallel, perhaps, with the racially bloodthirsty pages of "educational" childrens' magazines such as Patrys. But ever since the first white South Africans faced armed blacks en masse, back in the days of the Congo 'Rebellion, stories have come back of the traumatic, expermience this has been - a trauma which can seriously affect the white ability to fight. The same stories are drifting back today from Angola. After decades of using the black man as a target, the black targets are beginning to fire back And the pampered, racist whites of South Africa may be finding themselves psychologically unable to face up to the shock. A fact which yet may turn out to be the death- knell of apartheid and of its creators

EKN *Network THE ,NUS-AAM student network's Southern Africa week of action, February 9-13, focussed attention on the campaign for disinvestment by colleges and universities from companies which profit from operations in Southern Africa. In colleges all over the country, statements calling for the .sale of shares in such firms were submitted to governing bodies and the issue of disinvestment has become the centre of attention. * At Aberdeen University, where a proposition drawn up by the local ELTSA (End Loans to South Africa) group asked the governing body to withdraw from companies involved in South Africa, the University Court resolved to hold on to its shares by one vote. An especially good response to the campaign came in universities which have sizeable holdings in firms with Southern African links, but where students have only now started campaigning against them. Bath BATH University students held a week of action on Southern Africa, February 16-20. It included street theatre outside a meeting of the University t' Council on the issue of disinvestment from companies with Southern African operations on February 20. Students from Bath and Bristol . Uniyersity picketed a meeting held by the p0ro-white South African Friends of the Springbok at Dragelda Hotel, Bristol on January 27. Slough AN -Anti-Apartheid Group has been formed at Sloughl Polytechnic and it is now planning an educational * programme shoiving the real nature of apartheid. The group is also campaigning for the banning of Barclays Bank from campus. Oxford OXFORD Polytechnic students held two very successful meetings during their' Southern Africa Week, February 9-13, with films and speakers. They have launched a fundraising drive for the Namibia education appeal. Interest and activity on Southern Africa at the Poly is currently running at a high level. Wales A meeting of NIS-AAM activists in Wales on January 31 decided to' hold a one-day conference on Southern Africa at the end of March , Meetings on Southern Africa -were held, February 9-13, at Bangor, -Lampeter, Wrexham and Aberystwyth. UCL ROTHMAN'S cigarettes will no longer be sold in University College of London's Students' Union, as a result of a student campaign to boycott South African goods. UCL students have' also organised a write-in to-Midland Bank asking them to make no further loans to the South African Government or state ctsrporations. They sold 50 copies of the last issue of AA NEWS. Loughborough 'LOUGHBOROUGH University students are to submit a motion calling on the university to disinvest from firms involved in Southern Africa to the next general meeting of their Students' Unior They held a two-day campaign on Southern Africa, February 18-19 during which they mounted a picket of Barclays Bank and held a mass leafletting drive NUS Scotland SCOTTISH students' international Week of Action, January 24-31, stimulatedinterest and activity on Southern Africa among students in Aberdeen, Glasgow, Edinburgh and Dundee. A meeting of Scottish NUS-AAM network activities on February 7 decided to hold a week of meetings and exhibitions on Namibia (South West Africa) in April. Aberdeen ABERDEEN University activists are organising a weekend school on 'communications skills'on internationalaffairs. at the beginning of the summer term. They are planning to cam-' paign against links between the International Festival of Youth Orchestras, 'staged annually in Aberdeen, and South Africa, They will do this jointly with Aberdeen's local Anti- Apartheid Group. Aberdeen students are also campaigning for disinvestment by the University from companies with interest in Southern Africa. Dundee DUNDEE students held a picket of an office where emigration to South Africa was being promoted on'February 4. During the picket 3000 leaflets telling people why they should not emigrate were distributed. Students also picketed a meeting of the pro-white Solth Afican Springbok Association at Angus Hotel on February 24. Edinburgh FORMER South African detainee Joyce Sikakane spoke at a very successful meeting held by Edinburgh University students on February 12. Edinburgh students are now planning to hold a seminar on South Africa on February 28 and an open meeting at the International Centre, 44 Lauriston Place at 7.30 pm on March 2' Glasgow GLASGOW students held a picket of a meeting of the Friends of the Springbok outside Glasgow's Albany Hotel on February 22. Balfour STUDENTS at Balfour Univer-, sity have launched a campaign for the boycott of Cape Fruit. They have also held a series of well-attended meetings on the situation in Angola, which condemned South Aprica's intervention there. Edgehill OTHER colleges and universities where Southern Africa campaigns are underway include Edgehill College, Bath University and Kingsway Polytechnic. - Classrooms of Resistance compiled by Chris Searle. Available from - Writers and Readers Publishing Co-operative, 14 Talacre Road, London NW5 3PE, 85p BRITISH schoolteachers have '- found that school students in this country react with sympathy and understanding to information about life in South Africa. In his newly published collection of children's work called "Classrooms of Resistance" Chris Searle includes' extracts from class work done following No more British mercenaries Dear Editor, I AM at a loss to understand why the British Government allows people to recruit mercenaries to fight in Angola. Recent events have shown that people recruited for this sordid enterprise (who may'be unermployed and desperate) are used as dupes by groups of international crooks. Bt more important -- what about the people of Angola, who have been massacred by those mercenaries? People who fight from a political commitment are in a different category. But it is Urgent that the traffic in met- the Carletonville shootings in 1973. This piece about a black family was written by a girl aged 13: "Yes, the law of the land, the law of South Africa, The law that sent my father to gaol. We were just an ordinary family living in a tin shack Money was something we either had very little of or none Papa washed streets for little more than nothing. "But his luck turned one day when he found a ten dollar bill in the rubbish. He nicked cenaries should be stopped. They are fighting for money, and sell themsplves to the: higsest bidder. Let's campaign to get the-recruiting stopped. W.E. Ross Why should Cubans intervene? Dear Editor IF it was wrong --and it was for the Americans to intervene in Vietnam; if it is wrong - and it is w- for the South Africans to intervene in Angola - why is it fight for the, Russians and Cubans to do so - and with the implied support of the AntiApartheid News? Yours sincerely, Harold Smith it up real quick addpuiin his pocket. He came home all smiles and *flowers He had food like we had never seen before in his bag. He told us about his good luck. "Just then a cop knocked the door down We all ran behind Mana, trembling He poked his gunr in Papa's chest and told him to get his hands.up. "The cop got Papa in the waiting car. The car sped off leavihg us to gape through the doorway with the door lying on the floor "A week, later we were told Papa had been seen when he had found the note and had been in prison for stealing. Now we wait for the day they will let him go." At a South London school recently a fift year girl wrote a poem called "A South African Man's Lament" after seeing the film "Last Grave at Dimbaza" Here are two verses: "We are oppressed, we are not free, The white man uses me. I am not recognised as a man I am just a South African can. "I have a pass to show my class. I have not the right to walk at night. I cannot strike, it is not my right I have not the right to state my plight to the outside world. As Chris Searle says, the Sympathies of the children go out in their writing directly to the oppressed, "breaking through the false barriers of race and nationalism, reaching the black South African with empathy and understanding " I Jan Marsh The Zulu by Mertens and Schoeman. Published by MacDonald and James, C6.95 THIS glossy- book with its beautiful photographs of Zulu life is. regrettably, the usual .South African prescription of whites writing about blacks (one wonders how South Africa's whites would react if in that country blacks wrote all the books about whites) As a treatise on Zulu customs and history, the book has value, although it is patronising enough in places to be suitable as a white South African propaganda tool, as it almost seems to approve of the cultural atavism which is one of thp most evil effects of apartheid. But it does have one clear merit. While the South African Government's paid liars are still telling the world that when the whites settledat the Cape in the 17th century, the blacks were still north of the Limpopo, this South African book proves yet again that the blacks had already settled South Africa and with some sophistication. John Lawrence Dawood Seedat rHE South African Liberation Movement has learned with regret of the death of Dawood Seedat on January 17 in Durban after a long illness. Dawood Seedat belonged to a generation of political leaders like H.A. Naidoo, G.M. Naicker and a host of others who transformed the narrow and chauvinistic outlook of the Indian community into political militancy and unity of action with their fellow African and Coloured peoples. He was constantly in and out of gaol and restriction, and always in the forefront of campaigns to mobilise the Natal Indian community against apartheid. In 1956 he was indicted together with 155 leading members of the Congress Movement and the 'South Party on a charge of high treason With the quashing of the first indictment in Pretoria in 1958 he was released. He was detained during -the 1960 State of Emergency following the shootings at Sharpeville. He spent his last day in defiance of racism. He resfused to move from his two rooms and a kitchen in terms of the Group Areas -Act which' declared the area 'white'. . He leaves a militant wife, Fatima, eight children and four grandchildren. The South African liberation movement has lost a great fighter. We dip our banner in his honour, Paul Joseph RMVEWS _RS

APARTHEID A Threat toPeaceSouth Africa's dfefence policy and its links with NATO powers by Abdul S. Minty, Hon. Secretary of the Anti- Apartheid 0lovement 12pp aplendices, Price:25p Also new from the Anti-Apartheid Movement: British Leylaisd and the Metal Allied Workers Union of South Africa Memo to the British Labour Movement - Price: flOp Raymond Suttner: Speech from the Dock Price: 5p TheSmithRegime andthe Death Sentence Price: lOp SSoth Africa's Invasion of Angola: The Facts Price: 10p "South African invaders out of Angola" parssers Price: "p '"South African troops out of Angola" car stickers Price: 2p "Apartheid invaders out of Angola" lapel badges Price: Ip SThle Bantustan Programme of the South African Governm'ent its domestic and international implications Prie SIp Membership leaflet AAM, 89 Charlotte St., London WIP 2DQ. Tel. 01-580 5311 WORKERS IN CHAINS explains the policies SACTU (South African Congress of Trade Trade Unions) 19pp Price: 15p BASEBETSI MEKOTING describes the conditions of black minsworkers in-South Africa 24pp Price: 20p Published by SACTU, 49 Rathbone Street, London WIA 4NL WANTED!. Volunteers to work on a resular basis let one or two evenings a week) in tihe AAPi office. We especially needI " shortIa"nd/typists " librarian or someone witri similarskillsto help file *information " acdtlressocraphi operator Write or phoone: AAM, 89 Charlotte St., London W1. -Ol -580-5311 ZIMBASW1E SOLIDARITY D)AY MEETING AND DANCE Africa Centre, King Street, W.C.2 March 20 Meeting 6.30-8 pm Dance 8pm - 2.30 am Disc. Tickets £1 from N Khezwana; 7 Countess Rd, NW5. Tel. 01-485 0286 2lossfied JULIUS FIRST, old friend and comrade, happy 80th birthday Paul and Adelaide Joseph and their girls THIRD World Film Festival. Sunday March 7 2 30 pm at International Students House, I Park Crescent, London Wl. Showings of Ramparts of Clay, Home, Emitai, Borom Sarat and Fighting For Our Lives Admission 75p Food available. Haslemere Group, 467 Caledonian Road. London N7 9BE Tel. 01-405- 7277 SANITY, the paper of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) keeps you in touch with the arms race, the threat of war and hopes for peace El a year from CND, Easthourne House, Bullards Place, London El OPT. CHALLENGE, monthly paper of the Young Communist League. Price 8p. Subscription £1.30 for 12 issues. Send to 28 Bedford Street. LondonWC2. PEACE NEWS - for nonviolent struggles and making alternati ves. Information, analysis , strategies for social chanige. -E1 75 for six months subscription, 5op for trial five issues From 8 Elm Avenue, Nottingham. Labour's independent monthly - LABOUR LEADER - for Socialism and the Labour Party, Annual subscription £1.30: send for a sample copy from ILP, 49 Top Moor Side, Leeds LS11 9EW. -.. SHARPEVILLE Anniversary Meeting Sunday March 21, 8 pm at Westway Luncheon Club, W.10 (next to Ladbroke Grove tube station) WOMEN UNDER APARTHEID Speakers: Hilda Bernsteain and Shanti Naidoo. West London Anti- Apartheid Group. PHOTO CRAFT 4 Heath Street London N.W.3 Photographic daalers and photographers ANTI- APARTHEID NEWS and regular information on antiaparthieid activities. Nlame - - 7.. - -.. - ...... - .... - ...... -=.. -i Address------Telephone ------Minimum membership fee: £3; students/apprentices £2; pensioners 50p Overseas: Surface mail/Europe £3; Airmail £6 Affiliation: national organisations, £10; regional organisations, £5; localorganisations, f3 Subsc iption to AA NEWS: UK and rest of Europe £175; Outside Europe, surface mail £1.75: airmail £3.75 The Anti-Apartheid Movement, 89 Charlotte St LondoWiP 2DQ. Tel.01- 5805311 Giro 52 513 0004 Sell Anti-Apartheid News Send me_.. -.copies U~p-to 9 copies 10p per copy,.-aepi aimi xr) Over 9 copies 71/sp per copy, plus postage Special discount ree for okshops: 6/,p per copy, plus postage NAME ADDRESS AAM, 89 Charlotte St., London WIP 2D0. Tel. 01-580-5311 WOMEN UNDER APARTHEID One-day conference Saturday April 24 Central London Polytechnic, New Cavendish St., London W1 The first ever conference spotlighting the oppression of black women in South Africa and discussing w/ays in which British women can oppose apartheid. Speakers will include: Shanti Naidoo and Stephanie Sachs, both former South African political prisoners; Pauline Webb, former Vice-Chairman World Couneil of Churches; Margaret Jackson MP, junior ticivernmeng Whip; Judith Hunt, National Wlomen's Officer AUEW-TASS. REGISTRATION FORM - WOMEN UNDER APARTHEID Please send conference papers and details to: Name ...... A ddress ...... Organisation ...... Number attending ...... Enclosed is registration fee of ...... (50p per person) Please return to: AAM, 89 Charlotte St., London WIP 2D.