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Adaptation Technology Prioritization

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Adaptation Technology Prioritization GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA MINISTRY OF NATURE PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT ADAPTATION TECHNOLOGY PRIORITIZATION December, 2015 Supported by: TECHNOLOGY NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT ADAPTATION TECHNOLOGY PRIORITIZATION National TNA Coordinator: Aram Gabrielyan, UNFCCC National Focal Point Expert Team Leader: Vardan Melikyan Contributing Experts: Arevik Hovsepyan, Water Sector Samvel Avetisyan, Agriculture Sector DISCLAIMER This publication is an output of the Technology Needs Assessment project, funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and implemented by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the UNEP DTU Partnership (UDP) in collaboration with Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UNEP DTU Partnership, UNEP or Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok. We regret any errors or omissions that may have been unwittingly made. This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non‐profit services without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. No use of this publication may be made for resale or any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the UNEP DTU Partnership. i FOREWORD The impact of Armenia on global climatic system is not significant, our share in global emissions is only 0.014%. Highlighting the need of countries to combine their efforts in contending against climate, Armenia as a developing country, has obligation in limiting greenhouse gas emissions. The quantitative indicators of these contributions are summarized in the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) of Armenia, which, as a result of comprehensive consultations, have been approved by both the Government of the Republic of Armenia and the civil society of Armenia and has been presented to the attention of Parties of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). This document represents the official long‐term Concept of our country aimed at implementation of the obligation under UNFCCC, and in addition to mentioned mitigation measures also includes climate change adaptation measures, as well as a component on transfer and development of technologies. We consider the on‐going UNEP/DTU TNA project as priority on mentioned technological mechanism, which will develop the path that will ensure continuous selection and implementation of modern and accessible technologies in Armenia, based on examples of several selected mitigation and adaptation projects. TNA project is also important for building of capacities on development and transfer of technologies, thus the results of its first phase are positive and promising. First Deputy Minister of Nature Protection of RA Simon PAPYAN ii List of abbreviations and acronyms ADB Asian Development Bank AMD Armenian Dram ANAU Armenian National Agrarian University ArmCTCN Armenian Climate Technology Centre and Network AWSC Armenian Water and Sewerage Company BSEC Black Sea Economic Cooperation CARD Center for Agribusiness and Rural Development CIS Commonwealth of Independent States CJSC Closed joint‐stock company CPS Country Partnership Strategy CTCN Climate Technology Centre and Network DTU Technical University of Denmark EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EIF Enterprise Incubator Foundation ENPARD European Neighbourhood Programme for Agriculture and Rural Development EPIU Environmental Project Implementation Unit EU European Union GDP Gross domestic product GEF Global Environment Facility GHG Greenhouse gas GIZ German Corporation for International Cooperation GWP Global Water Partnership HHMP Hazardous hydro‐meteorological phenomena HPP Hydropower plant IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development IDA International Development Association IFC International Finance Corporation INDC Intended Nationally Determined Contributions IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change LLC Limited liability company LSGB Local Self‐Governance Bodies MNP Ministry of Nature Protection MoA Ministry of Agriculture MoH Ministry of Health MSW Municipal solid waste MTAES Ministry of Territorial Administration and Emergency Situations NGO Non‐governmental organization OECD Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development RA Republic of Armenia SDP Sustainable Development Program GEF SGP The GEF Small Grants Programme iii SME DNC Small and Medium Enterprises Development National Center SNCO State non‐commercial organization TNA Technology Need Assessment TNC Third National Communication UDP UNEP DTU Partnership UMCOR United Methodist Committee on Relief UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNECE United Nations Economic Commission of Europe UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organizations USAID United States Agency of International Development USD United States Dollar WUA Water user associations WB World Bank WFD EU Water Framework Directive WTO World Trade Organization WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant iv List of figures Figure 1. Air temperature deviation from 1961‐1990 average. ............................................................. 5 Figure 2. 1935‐ 2011 average summer temperatures. ......................................................................... 10 Figure 3. 1935‐ 2011 average winter temperatures. ............................................................................ 1 0 Figure 4. Deviation of annual average precipitation in the territory of Armenia from the average of 1961‐1990. ............................................................................................................................................ 11 Figure 5. Number of extreme hydro‐meteorological events in 1980‐2012. ......................................... 11 Figure 6. Projected changes in river flows in Armenia for 2030, 2070 and 2100. ................................ 12 Figure 7. GDP dynamics of Armenia for 1990‐2012 compared to 1990, % .......................................... 15 Figure 8. Total primary energy consumption in Armenia, 2012 ........................................................... 16 Figure 9. Power production of Armenia, 1988‐2012 ............................................................................ 17 Figure 10. Dynamics of industrial production for 1990‐2012 compared to 1990 level, % ................... 18 Figure 11. Structure of industrial output by types of economic activity, 2012 .................................... 18 Figure 12. Structure of processing industry, 2012 ................................................................................ 18 Figure 13. Areas of agricultural land by crops, 1990‐2012 ................................................................... 19 Figure 14. TNA National Coordination and Participation, Institutional Structure of the Project ......... 28 Figure 15. Scheme of cooperation and creation of the database on TNA. ........................................... 29 Figure 16. Organic carbon content in 0‐25 cm soil layer ...................................................................... 3 4 Figure 17. Vulnerability of Armenian provinces to hazardous hydrometeorological phenomena ...... 35 v List of Tables Table 1. Projected changes in aggregate river flows. ............................................................................. 7 Table 2. Projected impact of climate change on crop yields in 2040‐2050. ........................................... 7 Table 3. Changes in annual and seasonal precipitation in the territory of Armenia compared to the average of 1961‐1990, mm ................................................................................................................... 12 Table 4. Additional water demand for crop production by irrigation zone .......................................... 13 Table 5. Main macroeconomic indicators of Armenia, 1995‐2012 ...................................................... 15 Table 6. Structure of the GDP of Armenia for 1990‐2012, % ................................................................ 16 Table 7. Energy consumption in Armenia for 1990‐2012, PJ ................................................................ 16 Table 8. Numbers of livestock and poultry, thousand heads ............................................................... 19 Table 9. Production of main types of agricultural output, thousand ton ............................................. 19 Table 10. Assessment of sectors ........................................................................................................... 22 Table 11. Irrigated land and volume of supplied water in 2008‐2012. ................................................ 24 Table 12. Composition of the Working Group of Interagency Council for coordination of requirements and provisions of UN Framework Convention on Climate Change ............................... 26 Table 13. List of TNA Project Stakeholders. .......................................................................................... 30 Table 14. Needs to overcome gaps, barriers, and constraints for addressing climate change‐related issues ..................................................................................................................................................... 32 Table 15. Additional water demand for crop production by irrigation zone .......................................
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