DOCSLIB.ORG

User Guide to the Magellan Synthetic Aperture Radar Images

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
User Guide to the Magellan Synthetic Aperture Radar Images https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950018567 2020-06-16T07:22:10+00:00Z User Guide to the Magellan Synthetic Aperture Radar Images Stephen D. Wall Shannon L. McConnell Craig E. Left Richard S. Austin Kathi K. Beratan Mark J. Rokey National Aeronautics and Jet Propulsion Laboratory Space Administration California Institute of Technology Scientific and Technical Pasadena, California Information Branch NASA Reference Publication 1356 March 1995 This publication was prepared at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Contents Iri Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 1 I_1 The Spacecraft ................................................................................................................................................................ 2 IB Mission Design ................................................................................................................................................................ 4 D Experiment Description ................................................................................................................................................ 15 B Mission Operations ....................................................................................................................................................... 17 [] Notable Events and Problems ...................................................................................................................................... 21 I Data Product Description ............................................................................................................................................. 37 El Ordering Products ........................................................................................................................................................ 64 Appendixes Irl Acronyms and Abbreviations ....................................................................................................................................... 65 I_1 References ..................................................................................................................................................................... 66 B Magellan Resources Document ................................................................................................................................... 67 _1 SIS Reverse Reference List .......................................................................................................................................... 101 U MIDR Browse Images .................................................................................................................................................. 136 Figures 2.1. The Magellan Spacecraft ................................................................................................................................................. 2 2.2. Spacecraft Coordinate System ........................................................................................................................................ 3 3.1. Magellan Coverage (All Cycles) ...................................................................................................................................... 5 3.2. Planning Chart for Cycles 1 and 2 ................................................................................................................................... 7 3.3. Planning Chart for Cycles 2 and 3 ................................................................................................................................. 11 3.4.Cursor for Use with Planning Charts ............................................................................................................................ 13 4.1. SAR Imaging Geometry ................................................................................................................................................. 16 5.1. Uplink and Downlink Processes .................................................................................................................................... 18 7.1. Magellan Image Products .............................................................................................................................................. 39 Tables 5.1. Upload Identifiers .......................................................................................................................................................... 19 5.2. Upload Number versus Orbit Number .......................................................................................................................... 19 6.1.A. Comments on Individual Swaths (Cycle 1) ................................................................................................................ 24 6.1.B. Comments on Individual Swaths (Cycle 2) ................................................................................................................ 28 6.1.C. Comments on Individual Swaths (Cycle 3) ................................................................................................................ 30 5.2. DMS Gaps ....................................................................................................................................................................... 35 6.3. Special Tests ................................................................................................................................................................... 36 7.1. Magellan SIS Documents ............................................................................................................................................... 43 7.2. Begin and End Latitudes for BIDRs ............................................................................................................................... 46 7.3. BIDR File Structure ......................................................................................................................................................... 47 7.4. Engineering F-MIDR Label Identifications ................................................................................................................... 47 7.5. CD-ROM File Structure .................................................................................................................................................. 48 7.6. Cycle-1 Cn-MIDRs by Compact Disk .............................................................................................................................. 51 7.7. Cycle-1 F-MIDRs by Compact Disk ................................................................................................................................. 52 7.8. Cycle-2 Cn-MIDRs by Compact Disk .............................................................................................................................. 56 7.9. Cycle-2 F-MIDRs by Compact Disk ................................................................................................................................. 57 7.10. Cycle-3 Cn-MIDRs by Compact Disk ............................................................................................................................ 58 7.11. Cycle-3 F-MIDRs by Compact Disk ............................................................................................................................... 59 7.12. Magellan Data Product List ......................................................................................................................................... 60 Introduction The Magellan mission acquired a data set impressive not ring during the mission that may enhance or affect interpre- only because it contains new data to be used by the scien- tation of the data. In Section 6, special tests of different ac- tific community for analysis of Venus, but also for its sheer quisition modes, performed as precursors to subsequent size. As such, the newcomer is faced with the formidable cycle operations, are described with pointers to the data ac- task of understanding how the data set is structured before quired, regardless of whether or not the modes were used beginning any investigation of the information contained in in subsequent cycles. Spacecraft anomalies --including the the data set. As with most planetary missions, along with well-publicized "walkabouts" -- which had an effect on this acquisition of data have come a myriad of acronyms, the data are also described in this section. Section 6 also in- procedures, programs, and documents, which contain some cludes a table of lower-level comments on each orbit's data. information useful to the researcher and much that, while it Section 7 provides information on the actual planetary cov- was necessary to the operation of Magellan, may be of little erage obtained and describes each product type. Some of interest to the postmission researcher. the more highly processed products, such as the Stanford- produced Surface Characteristics Data Records and the U.S. It has been the desire of the Magellan operations personnel Geological Survey's F-Maps, have not yet been completed to make the task of getting acquainted with this data set and are only generally described here, but the basic SAR, as painless as possible. The first and most time-consuming altimetry, and radiometry products are treated in detail. Fi- part of that task is being
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mission to Jupiter
    This book attempts to convey the creativity, Project A History of the Galileo Jupiter: To Mission The Galileo mission to Jupiter explored leadership, and vision that were necessary for the an exciting new frontier, had a major impact mission’s success. It is a book about dedicated people on planetary science, and provided invaluable and their scientific and engineering achievements. lessons for the design of spacecraft. This The Galileo mission faced many significant problems. mission amassed so many scientific firsts and Some of the most brilliant accomplishments and key discoveries that it can truly be called one of “work-arounds” of the Galileo staff occurred the most impressive feats of exploration of the precisely when these challenges arose. Throughout 20th century. In the words of John Casani, the the mission, engineers and scientists found ways to original project manager of the mission, “Galileo keep the spacecraft operational from a distance of was a way of demonstrating . just what U.S. nearly half a billion miles, enabling one of the most technology was capable of doing.” An engineer impressive voyages of scientific discovery. on the Galileo team expressed more personal * * * * * sentiments when she said, “I had never been a Michael Meltzer is an environmental part of something with such great scope . To scientist who has been writing about science know that the whole world was watching and and technology for nearly 30 years. His books hoping with us that this would work. We were and articles have investigated topics that include doing something for all mankind.” designing solar houses, preventing pollution in When Galileo lifted off from Kennedy electroplating shops, catching salmon with sonar and Space Center on 18 October 1989, it began an radar, and developing a sensor for examining Space interplanetary voyage that took it to Venus, to Michael Meltzer Michael Shuttle engines.
    [Show full text]
  • IAC-04-Q.2.A.07 VENUS EXPRESS on the RIGHT TRACK
    IAC-04-Q.2.a.07 VENUS EXPRESS ON THE RIGHT TRACK J. Fabrega & T. Schirmann (1); R. Schmidt & D. McCoy (2) (1) EADS Astrium, 31 Avenue des Cosmonautes, 31042 Toulouse Cedex 4, France (2) ESA/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands E-mail : [email protected] ASTRACT will allow meeting the challenge. Venus Express is on the right track!. On October 26th of next year, Venus Express spacecraft will depart from Baikonur on-board the Soyuz/Fregat Launch Vehicle. It will be the very first 1 INTRODUCTION European mission to the “morning star”, two years after the first European trip to Mars. Venus Express In the wee small hours of Christmas 2003, Mars will carry 7 science payloads dedicated to global Express was successfully inserted into Mars orbit. investigation of Venus atmosphere. Three Very first European spacecraft to ever orbit a planet, spectrometers covering wavelength range from UV it has been producing outstanding science results to IR, one plasma analyzer, one magnetometer, one since its arrival. imager and one radio-science experience, most of More than two years before Mars Express launch, them derived from similar instruments of Rosetta ESA asked for suggestions on how to reuse the and Mars Express, will map the whole atmosphere same platform. Guidelines were to use the same below 200 km, trying to solve some of Venus units and the same industrial teams, in order to be mysteries. After a 5 months journey, they will ready to fly in 2005. Out of 9 promising proposals, operate during at least 500 days, the nominal ESA selected Venus Express.
    [Show full text]
  • Envision Conference
    Image credit: JAXA/DART/Damia Bouic NASA/GSFC/U. Arizona http://envisionvenus.eu http:/bit.ly/venus2020 M5/EnVision Project Cosmic Vision mission timeline M3 M1 M2 M5 M4 Image credit: http://envisionvenus.eu ESA Science - adapted from Wikipedia M5/EnVision : timeline Apr. 2016: Release of call for M5 mission Oct. 2016: EnVision proposal submitted Jan. 2017: 1st programmatic evaluation rejected Feb. 2017: EnVision scientific & programmatic evaluation resumes May 2018: ESA selects 3 M5 mission concepts to study Jun. 2018: ESA Science Directorate forms Science Study Team (SST) Nov 2018: CDF study (Phase 0) completed / EnVision Mission Definition Review (MDR) 2019-2020: Industrial phase A study (2 independent ESA contractors) Image credit M5/EnVision Project Mar. 2020 : EnVision Mission Consolidation Review (MCR) Dec. 2020 : EnVision Assessment Study Report (Yellow Book) Feb. 2021 : EnVision Mission Selection Review (MSR) http://envisionvenus.eu Image credit ESA Three very different M5 finalists "A high-energy survey of the early Universe, an infrared observatory to study the formation of stars, planets and galaxies, and a Venus orbiter are to be considered for ESA’s fifth medium class mission in its Cosmic Vision science programme, with a planned launch date in 2032." Spectroscopy from 12 to 230 μ Soft X-ray, X-gamma rays LEO orbit Image credit M5/EnVision Project M5/SPICA Project http://envisionvenus.eu M5/Theseus Project DAY 1 You are warmly invited to join •EnVision mission overview the international conference •Surface to discuss the scientific Magellan heritage investigations of ESA's DAY 2 EnVision mission. •Interior structure (radial : tidal, viscosity, crust, lithosphere structure) The conference will welcome •Activity detection all presentations related to DAY 3 the mission’s payload an its •Atmosphere VEx, Akatsuki Heritage science investigations.
    [Show full text]
  • SFSC Search Down to 4
    C M Y K www.newssun.com EWS UN NHighlands County’s Hometown-S Newspaper Since 1927 Rivalry rout Deadly wreck in Polk Harris leads Lake 20-year-old woman from Lake Placid to shutout of AP Placid killed in Polk crash SPORTS, B1 PAGE A2 PAGE B14 Friday-Saturday, March 22-23, 2013 www.newssun.com Volume 94/Number 35 | 50 cents Forecast Fire destroys Partly sunny and portable at Fred pleasant High Low Wild Elementary Fire alarms “Myself, Mr. (Wally) 81 62 Cox and other administra- Complete Forecast went off at 2:40 tors were all called about PAGE A14 a.m. Wednesday 3 a.m.,” Waldron said Wednesday morning. Online By SAMANTHA GHOLAR Upon Waldron’s arrival, [email protected] the Sebring Fire SEBRING — Department along with Investigations into a fire DeSoto City Fire early Wednesday morning Department, West Sebring on the Fred Wild Volunteer Fire Department Question: Do you Elementary School cam- and Sebring Police pus are under way. Department were all on think the U.S. govern- The school’s fire alarms the scene. ment would ever News-Sun photo by KATARA SIMMONS Rhoda Ross reads to youngsters Linda Saraniti (from left), Chyanne Carroll and Camdon began going off at approx- State Fire Marshal seize money from pri- Carroll on Wednesday afternoon at the Lake Placid Public Library. Ross was reading from imately 2:40 a.m. and con- investigator Raymond vate bank accounts a children’s book she wrote and illustrated called ‘A Wildflower for all Seasons.’ tinued until about 3 a.m., Miles Davis was on the like is being consid- according to FWE scene for a large part of ered in Cyprus? Principal Laura Waldron.
    [Show full text]
  • GRAIL Twins Toast New Year from Lunar Orbit
    Jet JANUARY Propulsion 2012 Laboratory VOLUME 42 NUMBER 1 GRAIL twins toast new year from Three-month ‘formation flying’ mission will By Mark Whalen lunar orbit study the moon from crust to core Above: The GRAIL team celebrates with cake and apple cider. Right: Celebrating said. “So it does take a lot of planning, a lot of test- the other spacecraft will accelerate towards that moun- GRAIL-A’s Jan. 1 lunar orbit insertion are, from left, Maria Zuber, GRAIL principal ing and then a lot of small maneuvers in order to get tain to measure it. The change in the distance between investigator, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Charles Elachi, JPL director; ready to set up to get into this big maneuver when we the two is noted, from which gravity can be inferred. Jim Green, NASA director of planetary science. go into orbit around the moon.” One of the things that make GRAIL unique, Hoffman JPL’s Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) A series of engine burns is planned to circularize said, is that it’s the first formation flying of two spacecraft mission celebrated the new year with successful main the twins’ orbit, reducing their orbital period to a little around any body other than Earth. “That’s one of the engine burns to place its twin spacecraft in a perfectly more than two hours before beginning the mission’s biggest challenges we have, and it’s what makes this an synchronized orbit around the moon. 82-day science phase. “If these all go as planned, we exciting mission,” he said.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigating Mineral Stability Under Venus Conditions: a Focus on the Venus Radar Anomalies Erika Kohler University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
    University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 5-2016 Investigating Mineral Stability under Venus Conditions: A Focus on the Venus Radar Anomalies Erika Kohler University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Geochemistry Commons, Mineral Physics Commons, and the The unS and the Solar System Commons Recommended Citation Kohler, Erika, "Investigating Mineral Stability under Venus Conditions: A Focus on the Venus Radar Anomalies" (2016). Theses and Dissertations. 1473. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/1473 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Investigating Mineral Stability under Venus Conditions: A Focus on the Venus Radar Anomalies A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Space and Planetary Sciences by Erika Kohler University of Oklahoma Bachelors of Science in Meteorology, 2010 May 2016 University of Arkansas This dissertation is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council. ____________________________ Dr. Claud H. Sandberg Lacy Dissertation Director Committee Co-Chair ____________________________ ___________________________ Dr. Vincent Chevrier Dr. Larry Roe Committee Co-chair Committee Member ____________________________ ___________________________ Dr. John Dixon Dr. Richard Ulrich Committee Member Committee Member Abstract Radar studies of the surface of Venus have identified regions with high radar reflectivity concentrated in the Venusian highlands: between 2.5 and 4.75 km above a planetary radius of 6051 km, though it varies with latitude.
    [Show full text]
  • Cassini RADAR Sequence Planning and Instrument Performance Richard D
    IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING, VOL. 47, NO. 6, JUNE 2009 1777 Cassini RADAR Sequence Planning and Instrument Performance Richard D. West, Yanhua Anderson, Rudy Boehmer, Leonardo Borgarelli, Philip Callahan, Charles Elachi, Yonggyu Gim, Gary Hamilton, Scott Hensley, Michael A. Janssen, William T. K. Johnson, Kathleen Kelleher, Ralph Lorenz, Steve Ostro, Member, IEEE, Ladislav Roth, Scott Shaffer, Bryan Stiles, Steve Wall, Lauren C. Wye, and Howard A. Zebker, Fellow, IEEE Abstract—The Cassini RADAR is a multimode instrument used the European Space Agency, and the Italian Space Agency to map the surface of Titan, the atmosphere of Saturn, the Saturn (ASI). Scientists and engineers from 17 different countries ring system, and to explore the properties of the icy satellites. have worked on the Cassini spacecraft and the Huygens probe. Four different active mode bandwidths and a passive radiometer The spacecraft was launched on October 15, 1997, and then mode provide a wide range of flexibility in taking measurements. The scatterometer mode is used for real aperture imaging of embarked on a seven-year cruise out to Saturn with flybys of Titan, high-altitude (around 20 000 km) synthetic aperture imag- Venus, the Earth, and Jupiter. The spacecraft entered Saturn ing of Titan and Iapetus, and long range (up to 700 000 km) orbit on July 1, 2004 with a successful orbit insertion burn. detection of disk integrated albedos for satellites in the Saturn This marked the start of an intensive four-year primary mis- system. Two SAR modes are used for high- and medium-resolution sion full of remote sensing observations by a dozen instru- (300–1000 m) imaging of Titan’s surface during close flybys.
    [Show full text]
  • Styles of Deformation in Ishtar Terra and Their Implications
    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 97, NO. El0, PAGES 16,085-16,120, OCTOBER 25, 1992 Stylesof Deformationin IshtarTerra and Their Implications Wn.T.TAMM. KAU•A,• DOAN•L. BINDSCHAD•-R,l ROBERT E. GPaM•,2'3 VICKIL. HANSEN,2KARl M. ROBERTS,4AND SUZANNE E. SMREr,AR s IshtarTerra, the highest region on Venus, appears to havecharacteristics of both plume uplifts and convergent belts.Magellan imagery over longitudes 330ø-30øE indicates a great variety of tectonicand volcanic activity, with largevariations within distances of onlya few 100km. Themost prominent terrain types are the volcanic plains of Lakshmiand the mountain belts of Maxwell,Freyja, and Danu. Thebelts appear to havemarked variations in age. Thereare also extensive regions of tesserain boththe upland and outboard plateaus, some rather featureless smoothscarps, flanking basins of complexextensional tectonics, and regions of gravitationalor impactmodifica- tion.Parts of Ishtarare the locations of contemporaryvigorous tectonics and past extensive volcanism. Ishtar appearsto be the consequence of a history of several100 m.y., in whichthere have been marked changes in kinematic patternsand in whichactivity at any stage has been strongly influenced by the past. Ishtar demonstrates three general propertiesof Venus:(1) erosionaldegradation is absent,leading to preservationof patternsresulting from past activity;(2) manysurface features are the responses ofa competentlayer less than 10 km thick to flowsof 100km orbroaderscale; and (3) thesebroader scale flows are controlled mainly by heterogeneities inthe mantle. Ishtar Terra doesnot appear to bethe result of a compressionconveyed by anEarthlike lithosphere. But there is stilldoubt as to whetherIshtar is predominantlythe consequence of a mantleupflow or downflow.Upflow is favoredby the extensivevolcanic plain of Lakshmiand the high geoid: topography ratio; downflow is favoredby the intense deformationof themountain belts and the absence of majorrifts.
    [Show full text]
  • Magellan Health, Inc. 4800 N
    29MAR201601032835 MAGELLAN HEALTH, INC. 4800 N. Scottsdale Road, Suite 4400 Scottsdale, Arizona 85251 MagellanHealth.com April 9, 2018 Dear Shareholder: You are cordially invited to attend the 2018 annual meeting of shareholders of Magellan Health, Inc., to be held on Thursday, May 24, 2018 at 7:30 a.m., local time, at Magellan Offices, G-2 Auditorium Level, 4800 N. Scottsdale Road, Scottsdale, Arizona 85251. This year, three (3) directors are nominated for election to our board of directors. At the meeting, shareholders will be asked to: (i) elect three (3) directors to serve until our 2019 annual meeting; (ii) approve, in an advisory vote, the compensation of our named executive officers; (iii) approve an amendment to our 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan to increase by 300,000 the number of shares available for issuance under the plan; (iv) ratify the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as our independent auditor for fiscal year 2018; and (v) transact such other business as may properly come before the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof. The accompanying proxy statement provides a detailed description of these proposals. We urge you to read the accompanying materials so that you may be informed about the business to be addressed at the annual meeting. It is important that your shares be represented at the annual meeting. Accordingly, we ask you, whether or not you plan to attend the annual meeting, to complete, sign and date a proxy and submit it to us promptly or to otherwise vote in accordance with the instructions on your proxy card or other notice.
    [Show full text]
  • Determination of Venus' Interior Structure with Envision
    remote sensing Technical Note Determination of Venus’ Interior Structure with EnVision Pascal Rosenblatt 1,*, Caroline Dumoulin 1 , Jean-Charles Marty 2 and Antonio Genova 3 1 Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique, UMR-CNRS6112, Université de Nantes, 44300 Nantes, France; [email protected] 2 CNES, Space Geodesy Office, 31401 Toulouse, France; [email protected] 3 Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The Venusian geological features are poorly gravity-resolved, and the state of the core is not well constrained, preventing an understanding of Venus’ cooling history. The EnVision candidate mission to the ESA’s Cosmic Vision Programme consists of a low-altitude orbiter to investigate geological and atmospheric processes. The gravity experiment aboard this mission aims to determine Venus’ geophysical parameters to fully characterize its internal structure. By analyzing the radio- tracking data that will be acquired through daily operations over six Venusian days (four Earth’s years), we will derive a highly accurate gravity field (spatial resolution better than ~170 km), allowing detection of lateral variations of the lithosphere and crust properties beneath most of the geological ◦ features. The expected 0.3% error on the Love number k2, 0.1 error on the tidal phase lag and 1.4% error on the moment of inertia are fundamental to constrain the core size and state as well as the mantle viscosity. Keywords: planetary interior structure; gravity field determination; deep space mission Citation: Rosenblatt, P.; Dumoulin, C.; Marty, J.-C.; Genova, A.
    [Show full text]
  • The Photometric and Spectral Properties of Vestoids: Preparations for the Dawn Encounter at Vesta
    42nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2011) 2036.pdf The Photometric and Spectral Properties of Vestoids: Preparations for the Dawn Encounter at Vesta. M. D. Hicks1, B. J. Buratti1, V. Reddy2, K. J. Lawrence1, 1Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Inst. of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr. 183-401, Pasadena, CA 91109, [email protected]. 2University of N. Dakota. Introduction: The Dawn Mission is part of surface phase functions for constructing mosaics and NASA’s Discovery Program. Launched in 2007, the for deriving accurate instrument integration times can spacecraft will begin the first detailed study of a Main be derived [1]. Belt asteroid, 4 Vesta, in August 2011 and continue its Table 1 - – Future observational circumstances for high orbital mission for nine months. The main goals of phase V-type asteroids before Dawn Vesta encounter. Dawn’s in-depth study are to understand the evolution of this protoplanet and the role of water in its history; Object a Hv Bright- Phase Nights (AU) est angles to derive Vesta’s bulk properties; to model its surface (º) composition and geologic landforms, and to under- 1998 VO33 1.25 13.1 2/6/11 25-96 52 stand its relationship with the terrestrial HED mete- 1981 Midas 1.78 15.5 2/16/11 46-75 32 2003 YT1 1.11 16.2 5/09/11 67-101 47 orites and the near-Earth vestoids, both of which are 1992 FE 0.93 16.4 5/25/11 62-97 41 believed to originate on Vesta. In preparation for the encounter in August, an observing campaign to study Observations of 4055 Magellan in 2010.
    [Show full text]
  • Volcanism and Tectonism in Rusalka Planitia and Atla Regio, Venus; M
    LPSC xn/ 767 VOLCANISM AND TECTONISM IN RUSALKA PLANITIA AND ATLA REGIO, VENUS; M. G. Lancaster and J. E. Guest (University of London Observatory, University College London, London, NW7 2QS, U. K.). In order to investigate the relationships between volcanism and tectonism in Rusalka Planitia and Atla Regio, the geology of four adjacent Cycle 1 Magellan ClMIDRs has been mapped (C100N180, C115N180, C115N197, and C100N197). These cover nearly 12 x 106 km2 between latitudes 7.6 S and 22.6 N, and longitudes 171.4 to 206.2 E. This region was chosen because it contains nearly all the types of volcanic and tectonic features observed on Venus, and covers plains as well as highlands. The western half of the region comprises most of the volcanic plains of Rusalka Planitia, which are characterized by a large-scale pervasive fabric of NW-SE trending sinuous ridges that resemble lunar and martian wrinkle ridges [I]. A NW-SE to N-S trending deformation belt occupies the SW comer of C100N180, and contains several coronae including Eigin Corona (5.0 S, 175.0 E). The belt is the source for large, radar-bright, plains forming, flood lava flow fields. A similar collection of corona-like centers and deformation belts composed largely of ridges, is found in the NE comer of C115N197, where an extensive collection of lava flow fields is also present. Other smaller regions of radar-bright lava lie scattered across the plains. A number of N-S to NNW-SSE trending ridge belts occupy the north-central part of these plains.
    [Show full text]