Determination of Venus' Interior Structure with Envision
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Mission to Jupiter
This book attempts to convey the creativity, Project A History of the Galileo Jupiter: To Mission The Galileo mission to Jupiter explored leadership, and vision that were necessary for the an exciting new frontier, had a major impact mission’s success. It is a book about dedicated people on planetary science, and provided invaluable and their scientific and engineering achievements. lessons for the design of spacecraft. This The Galileo mission faced many significant problems. mission amassed so many scientific firsts and Some of the most brilliant accomplishments and key discoveries that it can truly be called one of “work-arounds” of the Galileo staff occurred the most impressive feats of exploration of the precisely when these challenges arose. Throughout 20th century. In the words of John Casani, the the mission, engineers and scientists found ways to original project manager of the mission, “Galileo keep the spacecraft operational from a distance of was a way of demonstrating . just what U.S. nearly half a billion miles, enabling one of the most technology was capable of doing.” An engineer impressive voyages of scientific discovery. on the Galileo team expressed more personal * * * * * sentiments when she said, “I had never been a Michael Meltzer is an environmental part of something with such great scope . To scientist who has been writing about science know that the whole world was watching and and technology for nearly 30 years. His books hoping with us that this would work. We were and articles have investigated topics that include doing something for all mankind.” designing solar houses, preventing pollution in When Galileo lifted off from Kennedy electroplating shops, catching salmon with sonar and Space Center on 18 October 1989, it began an radar, and developing a sensor for examining Space interplanetary voyage that took it to Venus, to Michael Meltzer Michael Shuttle engines. -
IAC-04-Q.2.A.07 VENUS EXPRESS on the RIGHT TRACK
IAC-04-Q.2.a.07 VENUS EXPRESS ON THE RIGHT TRACK J. Fabrega & T. Schirmann (1); R. Schmidt & D. McCoy (2) (1) EADS Astrium, 31 Avenue des Cosmonautes, 31042 Toulouse Cedex 4, France (2) ESA/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands E-mail : [email protected] ASTRACT will allow meeting the challenge. Venus Express is on the right track!. On October 26th of next year, Venus Express spacecraft will depart from Baikonur on-board the Soyuz/Fregat Launch Vehicle. It will be the very first 1 INTRODUCTION European mission to the “morning star”, two years after the first European trip to Mars. Venus Express In the wee small hours of Christmas 2003, Mars will carry 7 science payloads dedicated to global Express was successfully inserted into Mars orbit. investigation of Venus atmosphere. Three Very first European spacecraft to ever orbit a planet, spectrometers covering wavelength range from UV it has been producing outstanding science results to IR, one plasma analyzer, one magnetometer, one since its arrival. imager and one radio-science experience, most of More than two years before Mars Express launch, them derived from similar instruments of Rosetta ESA asked for suggestions on how to reuse the and Mars Express, will map the whole atmosphere same platform. Guidelines were to use the same below 200 km, trying to solve some of Venus units and the same industrial teams, in order to be mysteries. After a 5 months journey, they will ready to fly in 2005. Out of 9 promising proposals, operate during at least 500 days, the nominal ESA selected Venus Express. -
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
Chapter 6 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Jim Taylor, Dennis K. Lee, and Shervin Shambayati 6.1 Mission Overview The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) [1, 2] has a suite of instruments making observations at Mars, and it provides data-relay services for Mars landers and rovers. MRO was launched on August 12, 2005. The orbiter successfully went into orbit around Mars on March 10, 2006 and began reducing its orbit altitude and circularizing the orbit in preparation for the science mission. The orbit changing was accomplished through a process called aerobraking, in preparation for the “science mission” starting in November 2006, followed by the “relay mission” starting in November 2008. MRO participated in the Mars Science Laboratory touchdown and surface mission that began in August 2012 (Chapter 7). MRO communications has operated in three different frequency bands: 1) Most telecom in both directions has been with the Deep Space Network (DSN) at X-band (~8 GHz), and this band will continue to provide operational commanding, telemetry transmission, and radiometric tracking. 2) During cruise, the functional characteristics of a separate Ka-band (~32 GHz) downlink system were verified in preparation for an operational demonstration during orbit operations. After a Ka-band hardware anomaly in cruise, the project has elected not to initiate the originally planned operational demonstration (with yet-to-be used redundant Ka-band hardware). 201 202 Chapter 6 3) A new-generation ultra-high frequency (UHF) (~400 MHz) system was verified with the Mars Exploration Rovers in preparation for the successful relay communications with the Phoenix lander in 2008 and the later Mars Science Laboratory relay operations. -
Envision Conference
Image credit: JAXA/DART/Damia Bouic NASA/GSFC/U. Arizona http://envisionvenus.eu http:/bit.ly/venus2020 M5/EnVision Project Cosmic Vision mission timeline M3 M1 M2 M5 M4 Image credit: http://envisionvenus.eu ESA Science - adapted from Wikipedia M5/EnVision : timeline Apr. 2016: Release of call for M5 mission Oct. 2016: EnVision proposal submitted Jan. 2017: 1st programmatic evaluation rejected Feb. 2017: EnVision scientific & programmatic evaluation resumes May 2018: ESA selects 3 M5 mission concepts to study Jun. 2018: ESA Science Directorate forms Science Study Team (SST) Nov 2018: CDF study (Phase 0) completed / EnVision Mission Definition Review (MDR) 2019-2020: Industrial phase A study (2 independent ESA contractors) Image credit M5/EnVision Project Mar. 2020 : EnVision Mission Consolidation Review (MCR) Dec. 2020 : EnVision Assessment Study Report (Yellow Book) Feb. 2021 : EnVision Mission Selection Review (MSR) http://envisionvenus.eu Image credit ESA Three very different M5 finalists "A high-energy survey of the early Universe, an infrared observatory to study the formation of stars, planets and galaxies, and a Venus orbiter are to be considered for ESA’s fifth medium class mission in its Cosmic Vision science programme, with a planned launch date in 2032." Spectroscopy from 12 to 230 μ Soft X-ray, X-gamma rays LEO orbit Image credit M5/EnVision Project M5/SPICA Project http://envisionvenus.eu M5/Theseus Project DAY 1 You are warmly invited to join •EnVision mission overview the international conference •Surface to discuss the scientific Magellan heritage investigations of ESA's DAY 2 EnVision mission. •Interior structure (radial : tidal, viscosity, crust, lithosphere structure) The conference will welcome •Activity detection all presentations related to DAY 3 the mission’s payload an its •Atmosphere VEx, Akatsuki Heritage science investigations. -
Use of MESSENGER Radioscience Data to Improve Planetary Ephemeris and to Test General Relativity
A&A 561, A115 (2014) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201322124 & © ESO 2014 Astrophysics Use of MESSENGER radioscience data to improve planetary ephemeris and to test general relativity A. K. Verma1;2, A. Fienga3;4, J. Laskar4, H. Manche4, and M. Gastineau4 1 Observatoire de Besançon, UTINAM-CNRS UMR6213, 41bis avenue de l’Observatoire, 25000 Besançon, France e-mail: [email protected] 2 Centre National d’Études Spatiales, 18 avenue Édouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France 3 Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, GéoAzur-CNRS UMR7329, 250 avenue Albert Einstein, 06560 Valbonne, France 4 Astronomie et Systèmes Dynamiques, IMCCE-CNRS UMR8028, 77 Av. Denfert-Rochereau, 75014 Paris, France Received 24 June 2013 / Accepted 7 November 2013 ABSTRACT The current knowledge of Mercury’s orbit has mainly been gained by direct radar ranging obtained from the 60s to 1998 and by five Mercury flybys made with Mariner 10 in the 70s, and with MESSENGER made in 2008 and 2009. On March 18, 2011, MESSENGER became the first spacecraft to orbit Mercury. The radioscience observations acquired during the orbital phase of MESSENGER drastically improved our knowledge of the orbit of Mercury. An accurate MESSENGER orbit is obtained by fitting one-and-half years of tracking data using GINS orbit determination software. The systematic error in the Earth-Mercury geometric positions, also called range bias, obtained from GINS are then used to fit the INPOP dynamical modeling of the planet motions. An improved ephemeris of the planets is then obtained, INPOP13a, and used to perform general relativity tests of the parametrized post-Newtonian (PPN) formalism. -
SFSC Search Down to 4
C M Y K www.newssun.com EWS UN NHighlands County’s Hometown-S Newspaper Since 1927 Rivalry rout Deadly wreck in Polk Harris leads Lake 20-year-old woman from Lake Placid to shutout of AP Placid killed in Polk crash SPORTS, B1 PAGE A2 PAGE B14 Friday-Saturday, March 22-23, 2013 www.newssun.com Volume 94/Number 35 | 50 cents Forecast Fire destroys Partly sunny and portable at Fred pleasant High Low Wild Elementary Fire alarms “Myself, Mr. (Wally) 81 62 Cox and other administra- Complete Forecast went off at 2:40 tors were all called about PAGE A14 a.m. Wednesday 3 a.m.,” Waldron said Wednesday morning. Online By SAMANTHA GHOLAR Upon Waldron’s arrival, [email protected] the Sebring Fire SEBRING — Department along with Investigations into a fire DeSoto City Fire early Wednesday morning Department, West Sebring on the Fred Wild Volunteer Fire Department Question: Do you Elementary School cam- and Sebring Police pus are under way. Department were all on think the U.S. govern- The school’s fire alarms the scene. ment would ever News-Sun photo by KATARA SIMMONS Rhoda Ross reads to youngsters Linda Saraniti (from left), Chyanne Carroll and Camdon began going off at approx- State Fire Marshal seize money from pri- Carroll on Wednesday afternoon at the Lake Placid Public Library. Ross was reading from imately 2:40 a.m. and con- investigator Raymond vate bank accounts a children’s book she wrote and illustrated called ‘A Wildflower for all Seasons.’ tinued until about 3 a.m., Miles Davis was on the like is being consid- according to FWE scene for a large part of ered in Cyprus? Principal Laura Waldron. -
GRAIL Twins Toast New Year from Lunar Orbit
Jet JANUARY Propulsion 2012 Laboratory VOLUME 42 NUMBER 1 GRAIL twins toast new year from Three-month ‘formation flying’ mission will By Mark Whalen lunar orbit study the moon from crust to core Above: The GRAIL team celebrates with cake and apple cider. Right: Celebrating said. “So it does take a lot of planning, a lot of test- the other spacecraft will accelerate towards that moun- GRAIL-A’s Jan. 1 lunar orbit insertion are, from left, Maria Zuber, GRAIL principal ing and then a lot of small maneuvers in order to get tain to measure it. The change in the distance between investigator, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Charles Elachi, JPL director; ready to set up to get into this big maneuver when we the two is noted, from which gravity can be inferred. Jim Green, NASA director of planetary science. go into orbit around the moon.” One of the things that make GRAIL unique, Hoffman JPL’s Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) A series of engine burns is planned to circularize said, is that it’s the first formation flying of two spacecraft mission celebrated the new year with successful main the twins’ orbit, reducing their orbital period to a little around any body other than Earth. “That’s one of the engine burns to place its twin spacecraft in a perfectly more than two hours before beginning the mission’s biggest challenges we have, and it’s what makes this an synchronized orbit around the moon. 82-day science phase. “If these all go as planned, we exciting mission,” he said. -
Investigating Mineral Stability Under Venus Conditions: a Focus on the Venus Radar Anomalies Erika Kohler University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 5-2016 Investigating Mineral Stability under Venus Conditions: A Focus on the Venus Radar Anomalies Erika Kohler University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Geochemistry Commons, Mineral Physics Commons, and the The unS and the Solar System Commons Recommended Citation Kohler, Erika, "Investigating Mineral Stability under Venus Conditions: A Focus on the Venus Radar Anomalies" (2016). Theses and Dissertations. 1473. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/1473 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Investigating Mineral Stability under Venus Conditions: A Focus on the Venus Radar Anomalies A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Space and Planetary Sciences by Erika Kohler University of Oklahoma Bachelors of Science in Meteorology, 2010 May 2016 University of Arkansas This dissertation is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council. ____________________________ Dr. Claud H. Sandberg Lacy Dissertation Director Committee Co-Chair ____________________________ ___________________________ Dr. Vincent Chevrier Dr. Larry Roe Committee Co-chair Committee Member ____________________________ ___________________________ Dr. John Dixon Dr. Richard Ulrich Committee Member Committee Member Abstract Radar studies of the surface of Venus have identified regions with high radar reflectivity concentrated in the Venusian highlands: between 2.5 and 4.75 km above a planetary radius of 6051 km, though it varies with latitude. -
Venus in Two Acts Saidiya Hartman
Venus in Two Acts Saidiya Hartman Small Axe, Number 26 (Volume 12, Number 2), June 2008, pp. 1-14 (Article) Published by Duke University Press For additional information about this article https://muse.jhu.edu/article/241115 Access provided by University Of Maryland @ College Park (13 Mar 2017 20:04 GMT) Venus in Two Acts Saidiya Hartman ABSTR A CT : This essay examines the ubiquitous presence of Venus in the archive of Atlantic slavery and wrestles with the impossibility of discovering anything about her that hasn’t already been stated. As an emblematic figure of the enslaved woman in the Atlantic world, Venus makes plain the convergence of terror and pleasure in the libidinal economy of slavery and, as well, the intimacy of history with the scandal and excess of literature. In writing at the limit of the unspeak- able and the unknown, the essay mimes the violence of the archive and attempts to redress it by describing as fully as possible the conditions that determine the appearance of Venus and that dictate her silence. In this incarnation, she appears in the archive of slavery as a dead girl named in a legal indict- ment against a slave ship captain tried for the murder of two Negro girls. But we could have as easily encountered her in a ship’s ledger in the tally of debits; or in an overseer’s journal—“last night I laid with Dido on the ground”; or as an amorous bed-fellow with a purse so elastic “that it will contain the largest thing any gentleman can present her with” in Harris’s List of Covent- Garden Ladies; or as the paramour in the narrative of a mercenary soldier in Surinam; or as a brothel owner in a traveler’s account of the prostitutes of Barbados; or as a minor character in a nineteenth-century pornographic novel.1 Variously named Harriot, Phibba, Sara, Joanna, Rachel, Linda, and Sally, she is found everywhere in the Atlantic world. -
Cassini RADAR Sequence Planning and Instrument Performance Richard D
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING, VOL. 47, NO. 6, JUNE 2009 1777 Cassini RADAR Sequence Planning and Instrument Performance Richard D. West, Yanhua Anderson, Rudy Boehmer, Leonardo Borgarelli, Philip Callahan, Charles Elachi, Yonggyu Gim, Gary Hamilton, Scott Hensley, Michael A. Janssen, William T. K. Johnson, Kathleen Kelleher, Ralph Lorenz, Steve Ostro, Member, IEEE, Ladislav Roth, Scott Shaffer, Bryan Stiles, Steve Wall, Lauren C. Wye, and Howard A. Zebker, Fellow, IEEE Abstract—The Cassini RADAR is a multimode instrument used the European Space Agency, and the Italian Space Agency to map the surface of Titan, the atmosphere of Saturn, the Saturn (ASI). Scientists and engineers from 17 different countries ring system, and to explore the properties of the icy satellites. have worked on the Cassini spacecraft and the Huygens probe. Four different active mode bandwidths and a passive radiometer The spacecraft was launched on October 15, 1997, and then mode provide a wide range of flexibility in taking measurements. The scatterometer mode is used for real aperture imaging of embarked on a seven-year cruise out to Saturn with flybys of Titan, high-altitude (around 20 000 km) synthetic aperture imag- Venus, the Earth, and Jupiter. The spacecraft entered Saturn ing of Titan and Iapetus, and long range (up to 700 000 km) orbit on July 1, 2004 with a successful orbit insertion burn. detection of disk integrated albedos for satellites in the Saturn This marked the start of an intensive four-year primary mis- system. Two SAR modes are used for high- and medium-resolution sion full of remote sensing observations by a dozen instru- (300–1000 m) imaging of Titan’s surface during close flybys. -
What's Mars Solar Conjunction, and Why Does It Matter? 24 August 2019, by Andrew Good
What's Mars solar conjunction, and why does it matter? 24 August 2019, by Andrew Good spacecraft for conjunction for months. They'll still be collecting science data at Mars, and some will attempt to send that data home. But we won't be commanding the spacecraft out of concern that they could act on a corrupted command." When is this taking place? Solar conjunction occurs every two years. This time, the hold on issuing commands—called a "command moratorium"—will run from Aug. 28 to Sept. 7, 2019. Some missions will have stopped commanding their spacecraft earlier in preparation This animation illustrates Mars solar conjunction, a for the moratorium. period when Mars is on the opposite side of the Sun from Earth. During this time, the Sun can interrupt radio What happens to the spacecraft? transmissions to spacecraft on and around the Red Planet. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech Although some instruments aboard spacecraft—especially cameras that generate large amounts of data—will be inactive, all of NASA's Mars spacecraft will continue their science; they'll The daily chatter between antennas here on Earth just have much simpler "to-do" lists than they and those on NASA spacecraft at Mars is about to normally would carry out. get much quieter for a few weeks. On the surface of Mars, the Curiosity rover will stop That's because Mars and Earth will be on opposite driving, while the InSight lander won't move its sides of the Sun, a period known as Mars solar robotic arm. Above Mars, both the Odyssey orbiter conjunction. -
Magellan Health, Inc. 4800 N
29MAR201601032835 MAGELLAN HEALTH, INC. 4800 N. Scottsdale Road, Suite 4400 Scottsdale, Arizona 85251 MagellanHealth.com April 9, 2018 Dear Shareholder: You are cordially invited to attend the 2018 annual meeting of shareholders of Magellan Health, Inc., to be held on Thursday, May 24, 2018 at 7:30 a.m., local time, at Magellan Offices, G-2 Auditorium Level, 4800 N. Scottsdale Road, Scottsdale, Arizona 85251. This year, three (3) directors are nominated for election to our board of directors. At the meeting, shareholders will be asked to: (i) elect three (3) directors to serve until our 2019 annual meeting; (ii) approve, in an advisory vote, the compensation of our named executive officers; (iii) approve an amendment to our 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan to increase by 300,000 the number of shares available for issuance under the plan; (iv) ratify the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as our independent auditor for fiscal year 2018; and (v) transact such other business as may properly come before the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof. The accompanying proxy statement provides a detailed description of these proposals. We urge you to read the accompanying materials so that you may be informed about the business to be addressed at the annual meeting. It is important that your shares be represented at the annual meeting. Accordingly, we ask you, whether or not you plan to attend the annual meeting, to complete, sign and date a proxy and submit it to us promptly or to otherwise vote in accordance with the instructions on your proxy card or other notice.