Highveld Priority Area Air Quality Management Plan Executive Summary

HIGHVELD PRIORITY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The following individuals and groups made valuable input through their participation in the development of the Baseline Assessment, Problem Analysis and the Air Quality Management Plan for the Highveld Priority Area (HPA):

• The Department of Environmental Affairs, in particular Mr Peter Lukey, Dr. Thulie Mdluli, Ms Mathabo Phoshoko, Ms Bathabile Songxaba, Ms Humbu Mafumo and Mr Gift Molokwane; • The provincial environmental departments in the HPA, Gauteng Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, and the Mpumalanga Department of Economic Development, Environment and Tourism • The district, metropolitan and local municipalities in the HPA; • Stakeholders who participated in the Air Quality Officer’s Forum (AQOF) and Multi-Stakeholder Reference Group (MSRG) fora, including other government departments, private sector businesses and associations, and civil society organisations; • Individuals and organisations that provided data for the determination of the baseline assessment; • Individuals and organisations who participated in the research workshop and presented research results on Highveld air quality; • The modelling peer group, who provided input into model setup and parameterisation and aided in refining the model outputs, particularly Avishkar Ramandh of Sasol; • Those who submitted comments on the draft baseline assessment and Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP); • Participants in the Logical Framework Workshop (LFA); and • Industries who submitted industrial action plans.

HIGHVELD PRIORITY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

The Highveld area in South Africa is associated with poor air quality, and elevated concentrations of criteria pollutants occur due to the concentration of industrial and non-industrial sources (Held et al, 1996; DEAT, 2006). The Minister of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Martinus van Schalkwyk, therefore, declared the Highveld Priority Area (HPA) on 23 November 2007. The priority area covers 31 106 km2, including parts of Gauteng and Mpumalanga Provinces, with a single metropolitan municipality, three district municipalities, and nine local municipalities (Figure E1). As the area overlaps provincial boundaries, the Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) functions as the lead agent in the management of the priority area and is required in terms of Section 19(1) of the National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act (Act 39 of 2004) (AQA) to develop an Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP) for the priority area.

Figure E1: Locality map depicting the Highveld Priority Area (HPA), showing the three district municipalities, their constituent local municipalities and the single metropolitan municipality

The baseline assessment for the HPA provides a succinct presentation of the major issues to be addressed, specifically highlighting the geographical areas of concern within the HPA where dedicated Air Quality Management (AQM) interventions are to be focused. The constraints and developments in the abatement technology used and available, as well as the capacity of officials who will carry the majority of the responsibility for implementation of the AQMP have also been noted as part of the baseline assessment. These issues were carried forward as gaps and priorities into the AQMP development, of which the most significant aspect was the Logical Framework Approach (LFA) workshop. The LFA workshop scrutinised the air quality problems identified in the baseline assessment and developed problem and objective trees, and specific interventions. The

HIGHVELD PRIORITY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

workshop outcomes were taken into detailed strategy analysis and intervention development, and formed the initial draft of the AQMP.

The primary motivation of the priority area AQMP is to achieve and maintain compliance with the ambient air quality standards across the HPA, using the Constitutional principle of progressive realisation of air quality improvements. The AQMP for the HPA provides the framework for implementing departments and industry to include AQM in business planning to ensure effective implementation and monitoring.

The plan has been designed at a strategic level, indicating high-level tasks for responsible parties. The specific planning at an operational level, such as budgeting, human resource allocation, and detailed activity planning, has been excluded from the plan. This is to allow parties to tailor their implementation activities to their specific context, particularly organisational constraints, while still achieving the overall objective of the AQMP. The activities listed in the plan must be unpacked further by responsible parties into organisation-specific activity and intervention plans, and captured in the policy and strategic documents, such as business and investment plans, Integrated Development Plans (IDPs), and Environmental Implementation Plans (EIPs).

Summary of immediate objectives, outputs, verifiable indicators and means of verification

IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVE OUTPUT VERIFIABLE INDICATOR MEANS OF VERIFICATION

A. The Participation A.1. Efficient Efficient and effective Meeting Minutes. Objective and effective intergovernmental intergovernment coordination and al coordination cooperation. and cooperation

A.2. Efficient Efficient and effective Meeting Minutes and and effective public participation. stakeholder feedback. public participation

A.3. Project A project webpage Stakeholder feedback and website containing current and webpage hits. relevant information relating to the project as available through the department’s website.

A.4. Public Well-organised public Event report and feedback. outreach events events ensure broad- and workshops based public participation.

B. The Planning Objective B.1. Process A clear and unambiguous Implementation of the Plan plan on how Output B is to process plan results in the be generated. desired outcome.

B.2. Problem The causes of current and, The efficiency of the plan is Analysis potential, future poor air ensured through quality in the area are interventions that deal with clearly defined and the real causes of poor air

HIGHVELD PRIORITY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVE OUTPUT VERIFIABLE INDICATOR MEANS OF VERIFICATION

described. quality in the area.

B.3. Strategy All possible pollution The plan is directed by Analysis mitigation strategies are practical strategies that described and reviewed. ensure a high probability for success.

B.4. Intervention Interventions are clearly The plan describes Descriptions described that, once interventions that ensure a implemented, will have a high probability for success. measurable positive impact on ambient air quality in the area.

B.5. Draft A draft plan based on Draft plan published in the Priority Area Air current, accurate and Gazette for public comment. Quality relevant information, Management informed by best practice Plan in the field of air quality management and that provides a clear and practical plan to efficiently and effectively bring air quality in the area into sustainable compliance with National Ambient Air Quality Standards within agreed timeframes.

B.6. Priority A plan based on current, Plan published in the Area Air Quality accurate and relevant Gazette. Management information, informed by Plan best practice in the field of air quality management and that provides a clear and practical plan to efficiently and effectively bring air quality in the area into sustainable compliance with National Ambient Air Quality Standards within agreed timeframes.

C. The Capacity C.1. National Active involvement of Staff able to efficiently and Development Objective Priority Area departmental staff in the effectively manage future Management implementation of the priority areas Capacity project.

HIGHVELD PRIORITY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVE OUTPUT VERIFIABLE INDICATOR MEANS OF VERIFICATION

C.2. Assistance provided in the Implementation successfully Implementation initial plan implementation launched. Initiated phase.

EMISSION SOURCES

The total estimated annual emissions of fine particulate matter (PM10) on the HPA is 279 630 tons, of which approximately half is attributed to particulate entrainment on opencast mine haul roads (Table E1). The emission of PM10 from the primary metallurgical industry accounts for 17% of the total emission, with 12% of the total from power generation. By contrast, power generation contributes 73% of the total estimated oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emission of 978 781 tons per annum and 82% of the total estimated sulphur dioxide (SO2) emission of 1 633 655 tons per annum.

The emission inventory for industrial sources was relatively complete and included all industries on the HPA with scheduled processes in terms of the APPA. It is recognised that these sources comprise the major industrial sources, with non-registered sources being very small in comparison. In addition, specific methodologies were used for determining emissions from residential fuel burning, coal mining, transport, biomass burning and burning coal mines and smouldering coal dumps. Source categories where emissions could not be determined were landfills, incinerators, wastewater treatment works, tyre burning, biogenic sources, odour and agricultural dust. The issues relating to these emissions will be addressed through the implementation of the AQMP.

Industrial sources in total are by far the largest contributor of emissions in the HPA, accounting for 89% of PM10,

90% of NOx and 99% of SO2. Major industrial source contributors were grouped into the following categories:

• Power Generation • Coal Mining • Primary Metallurgical Operations • Secondary Metallurgical Operations • Brick Manufacturers • Petrochemical Industry • Ekurhuleni Industrial Sources (excluding the above) • Mpumalanga Industrial Sources (excluding the above)

Table E1: Total emission of PM10, NOx and SO2 from the different source types on the HPA (in tons per annum), and the percentage contribution for each source category

PM10 NOx SO2

Source category t/a % t/a % t/a %

Ekurhuleni MM Industrial (incl Kelvin) 8 909 3 15 636 2 25 772 2

Mpumalanga Industrial 684 0 590 0 5 941 0

Clay Brick Manufacturing 9 708 3 - 9 963 1

Power Generation 34 373 12 716 719 73 1 337 521 82

Primary Metallurgical 46 805 17 4 416 0 39 582 2

HIGHVELD PRIORITY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

PM10 NOx SO2

Source category t/a % t/a % t/a %

Secondary Metallurgical 3 060 1 229 0 3 223 0

Petrochemical 8 246 3 148 434 15 190 172 12

Mine Haul Roads 135 766 49 - -

Motor vehicles 5 402 2 83 607 9 10 059 1

Household Fuel Burning 17 239 6 5 600 1 -

Biomass Burning 9 438 3 3 550 0 -

TOTAL HPA 279 630 100 978 781 100 1 622 233 100

NB. SO2 percentage contributions aggregate is greater than 100 due to rounding of numbers.

Figure E2: Relative contribution by the respective sectors to the total emission of PM10 (top left), NOx (top right) and SO2 (bottom centre)

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY

Most of the HPA experiences relatively good air quality, but ambient air quality standards for SO2, PM10 and ozone (O3) concentrations are exceeded in nine extensive areas. These “hot spots” are illustrated in Figure E3 by the number of modelled exceedances of the 24-hour SO2 and PM10 standards, and are confirmed by ambient monitoring data (Table E2). The air quality hot spots result mostly from a combination of emissions from the

HIGHVELD PRIORITY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

different industrial sectors and residential fuel burning, with motor vehicle emissions, mining and cross-boundary transport of pollutants into the HPA adding to the base loading.

Available monitoring confirms that the areas of concern are in the vicinity of Witbank 2, Middelburg, Secunda, Ermelo, Standerton, Balfour, and Komati where exceedances of ambient SO2 and PM10 air quality standards occur (Table E2). Kendal 2 is specifically positioned to monitor power station impacts and it reflects emissions from Kendal power station under given meteorological conditions. The Kendal 2 station is strategically sited to measure emissions largely from the power station's activities for research purposes only.

Table E2: Exceedances at HPA sites based on current and new monitoring data

SO2 NO2 O3 PM10 24-hr (4); 1-hr (88) 8-hr (11) 24-hr (4) 1-hr (88)

Emalahleni LM Kendal 2 1 58 34; 343

Phola 0 3 7; 27

Witbank 37 9 9 4; 51

Witbank 2 17 25 1; 11

Steve Tshwete LM Columbus

Komati 2 26 1; 14

Hendrina 1 22 3 1; 2

Middelburg 71 60 7 1; 4

Middelburg 2 1 7 0; 1

Govan Mbeki LM Sasol Club 1 0 0; 25

Langverwacht 1 0 2; 78

Bosjesspruit 2; 27

Elandsfontein 0 73 3 4; 33

Leandra 6; 114

eMbalenhle 2 4 39 0; 1

Msukaligwa LM Camden 0 24 1 0; 4

Ermelo 1 73 22 21; 10

Pixley Ka Seme LM Amersfoort

Majuba 1 4; 87

Majuba 2

Verkykkop 0 46 0 1; 7

Lekwa Standerton 4 10 29 1; 6

Dipaleseng Balfour 29 8 0; 4

NB. - Row 1: The averaging period for the relevant pollutant’s standard is represented below the pollutant and following, the allowed frequency of exceedance in brackets - Stations in grey blocks represent new monitoring data for the period 2008-2009

HIGHVELD PRIORITY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

- Exceedances in bold are greater than the permitted frequency in the standard for the monitoring period. The permitted frequency of exceedance varies according to period for which data is presented at each monitoring site, and for Eskom and Sasol stations must be assessed against a cumulative permitted frequency of exceedance for 3 years of data

The effects of poor dispersion conditions in the winter, particularly when low-level emissions are trapped near the surface, are evident throughout the monitoring record for all pollutants, resulting in greater frequency of exceedances of the standards. PM10 displays this seasonal trend most strikingly, showing a sharp contrast between wintertime peaks and summer minimum values at monitoring sites. Seasonal trends are clearly observed for O3 in the monitoring record, as springtime peaks are easily identified. Monitoring data show carbon monoxide (CO) and benzene to be within acceptable limits at the new sites. Trends in pollutant concentrations, based on current data, cannot be conclusively identified, marred in particular by poor data collection.

HIGHVELD PRIORITY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Figure E3: Modelled frequency of exceedance of 24-hour ambient SO2 and PM10 standards in the HPA, indicating the modelled air quality hotspot areas

Exceedances of ambient air quality standards present situations where potential impacts on human health can occur. Ambient monitoring and dispersion modelling have identified nine areas on the HPA where ambient concentrations of PM10, SO2 or NO2 exceed, or are predicted to exceed, the ambient standards. Pixley ka Seme is discussed as a hotspot however, only exceedances of O3 have been confirmed through monitoring and this is regarded as a regional-scale problem. Exposure may be high where these exceedances coincide with populated areas and the risks to human health may be significant.

The air quality hot spots on the HPA are summarised in Table E3 with an indication of the pollutants of concern.

Table E3: HPA air quality hotspots

Hotspot PM10 SO2 NO2

Emalahleni  

Kriel 

Steve Tshwete   

Ermelo  

Secunda   

Ekurhuleni  

Lekwa  

Balfour 

Delmas 

It is important to note that all residential areas where wood and coal are combusted experience high concentrations of particulates and CO, particularly those that are densely populated. Here, exposure can be particularly high. Due to the relatively local scale of their air pollution problem, they may not fall directly into one of the identified hot spot areas in Table E3. They are equally as important in terms of AQM.

High ambient ozone concentrations are a regional-scale problem with the 8-hour ambient standard frequently exceeded over much of the HPA. Ozone is not a source-specific pollutant, but its formation depends on the ideal ratios of NOx and volatile organic compounds (VOC), together with incident ultra-violet radiation from the sun. Both NOx and VOC are emitted by different sources on the HPA.

AIR POLLUTION AND HEALTH

Mortality outcomes have been calculated for South African urban areas (Norman et al, 2007a). This study estimates that outdoor air pollution caused 3.7% of total mortality from cardiopulmonary disease in adults aged 30 years and older, 5.1% of mortality attributable to cancers of the trachea, bronchus, and lung in adults, and 1.1% of mortality from acute respiratory infections in children under 5 years of age.

Indoor air quality is affected by outdoor ambient air quality issues through outside ventilation, such as windows and doors, as well as specific indoor sources, particularly domestic fuel burning. Exposure to indoor air pollution was associated with a number of health outcomes, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, tuberculosis, cataracts, asthma, birth defects, and acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) among children younger than 5 years (Norman et al, 2007b). ALRIs were the leading cause of death of children under 5 years worldwide, and similarly, fourth highest in South African children.

HIGHVELD PRIORITY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The total ALRI burden on children under 5 years was 24% in 2000, attributable to indoor air pollution from household fuel use (Norman et al, 2007b). Similarly for COPD, the female population experienced more than double the male attributable burden. Lung cancer burden was relatively minor from indoor air pollution as a result of household fuel use. Indoor air pollution from household fuel use was responsible for 2 489 deaths, or 0.5% of the total health burden on the individual, and resulted in the loss of 60 934 disability adjusted life years, or 0.4% of the total burden (Norman et al, 2007b).

ABATEMENT TECHNOLOGY PROBLEMS

Table E4: Summary of technology challenges and developments in key HPA sectors

Challenges Developments

Industrial • Management of fugitive and non-point • Listed Activity minimum emission standards and sources sources Atmospheric Emission Licence (AEL) conditions • SO2 and NO2 emission management may begin to address current shortcomings in and control abatement • Environmental and technical constraints on abatement choices

Clay brick • Poor uptake of Tunnel kiln technology • Tunnel kiln technology is promoted in new, manufacturing • Lack of abatement on clamp kilns, regulated operations particularly of PM and CO emissions

Opencast coal • Control of PM from mine haul roads • Water spraying is a cheap and effective means mining of control, which needs to be consistently applied across mines in the HPA

Domestic fuel • Poor uptake of technology due to • Rollout of awareness and technology promotion burning economic circumstances activities is increasing • Pace of settlement growth • The DEA is developing a strategy to address this problem

Motor vehicle • Slow infiltration of new technology • Vehicle emission standards continue to improve emissions vehicles • Drive towards cleaner fuels and low emission • Growth in vehicle parc vehicles is increasing • Diffuse VOC emissions from filling • Vapour recovery units can address re-fuelling stations and fuel storage facilities emissions

HIGHVELD PRIORITY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT CAPACITY

Table E5: Summary of capacity challenges in the HPA

Level of capacity

Human resources and skills 2 municipalities are not confident to implement the AQA 5 municipalities have not made Air Quality Officer (AQO) appointments 12 municipalities and both provincial departments have identified capacity building needs, ranging from technical to legal to general AQM training and assistance

Monitoring 6 municipalities indicated that no ambient air quality monitoring takes place Existing monitoring initiatives are not integrated, there is no standardised monitoring, reporting and quality control approach No in-house technical skills for maintenance and operation of stations

Emission inventory 12 municipalities and 1 provincial department have undertaken an emission inventory exercise The HPA project has produced a relatively comprehensive emission inventory, this needs to be completed and maintained

AEL preparation 2 district municipalities and 1 provincial department have not initiated steps to prepare for the delegation of the AEL function with the repeal of the Atmospheric Pollution Prevention Act (APPA)

AQMP OVERALL OBJECTIVE

The overall objective for the HPA AQMP has been developed through multi-stakeholder interactions and is informed by policy and developments in AQM in South Africa. The overall objective is:

Ambient air quality in the HPA complies with all national ambient air quality standards

Seven goals of the AQMP each address different aspects of addressing the identified problems and meeting the overall objective, these are:

Goal 1: By 2015, organisational capacity in government is optimised to efficiently and effectively maintain, monitor and enforce compliance with ambient air quality standards

To achieve the goal, it is necessary to focus on institutional arrangements, resource availability, cooperation and collaboration, and maximisation of regulatory and management tools. The goal addresses capacity development in the AQMP, looking at the necessary structures, systems, skills, incentives, inter-relationships and strategy.

Goal 2: By 2020, industrial emissions are equitably reduced to achieve compliance with ambient air quality standards and dust fallout limit values

The goal will be achieved through a combination of emission determination and reduction, technological improvement, improved resource allocation and information provision. The use of regulatory tools and best practice principles is also provided for. Political and social awareness, alternative energy and energy efficiency, fugitive dust emissions and greenhouse gas emission reduction are also promoted as aspects towards achieving the goal. The maintenance of vehicles and equipment on sites and industrial plants addressed. Spontaneous combustion is addressed as a contribution from the industrial mining sector.

HIGHVELD PRIORITY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Goal 3: By 2020, air quality in all low-income settlements is in full compliance with ambient air quality standards

Effective interventions, research, awareness raising and education are major aspects in achieving the goal. Technological improvements are also critical, together with addressing the social and economic drivers of poor environmental practices.

Goal 4: By 2020, all vehicles comply with the requirements of the National Vehicle Emission Strategy

This goal focuses on the implementation of the National Vehicle Emission Strategy, as it will provide direction on emission reduction, technological improvement, and a conducive regulatory environment. Emission testing is recognised as a major driver for current reductions in vehicle emissions, which can be instituted by provincial and local authorities.

Goal 5: By 2020, a measurable increase in awareness and knowledge of air quality exists

Achieving the goal is linked to access to information, resources, improving governance and authorities’ capacity, and promoting air quality issues amongst stakeholders.

Goal 6: By 2020, biomass burning and agricultural emissions will be 30% less than current

Management and regulatory tools are keys to achieving the goal, together with improved individual practices such as reduction of polluting inputs, awareness of unsuitable conditions and use of control measures.

Goal 7: By 2020, emissions from waste management are 40% less than current

In achieving the goal, it is necessary to improve waste processing, promote best practice principles and technological improvements, and address planning and delivery shortcomings, and improve regulatory control of all aspects of waste management.

In the Implementation Plan, each of the seven goals is sub-divided into logical and related objectives. In turn, activities are allocated to the respective objectives and time frames and responsibilities are allocated accordingly. The timeframes are: Short-term (1-2 years); Medium-term (3-5 years); Long-term (>5 years), and the responsibilities are allocated to the principal implementing entity (P), entities providing input (I) and entities with an oversight role only (O). Indicators to measure progress with implementation of the activities for the respective objectives are also assigned.

HIGHVELD PRIORITY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. By 2015, organisational capacity in government is optimised to efficiently and effectively maintain, monitor and enforce compliance with ambient air quality standards

OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES TIMEFRAME RESPONSIBILITY INDICATOR

1) Goals and Use HPA AQMP to Short, on-going P - DEA, MDEDET, • Business plans objectives of inform business GDARD, include HPA HPA AQMP are planning for air quality municipalities AQMP goal and implemented function objectives through respective business plans Draft municipal-level Short P - DEA • HPA AQMP AQMP case study using I - MDEDET, GDARD, incorporated HPA implementation municipalities within IDP/ EIPs plan • Council resolution passed adopting municipal AQMPs Adopt HPA AQMP as Short P - MDEDET, part of IDPs and EIPs GDARD, municipalities

2) Air quality Consultation between Short P - MDEDET, • AQM function function is local, district and GDARD, affected allocation or assigned to the provincial authorities to municipalities delegation made most appropriate identify the most for every section of appropriate sphere for municipality municipalities AQM function on behalf • Functional and provinces of each municipality analysis conducted and assignment made Create database of Short P - DEA AQM functional I - Provincial analyses conducted environmental authorities, municipalities

Conduct functional Short P - MDEDET, analysis or Section GDARD, affected 77/78 Municipal municipalities Systems Act analysis to O - MDEDET, determine suitable GDARD, DEA section/department for AQM and assign function accordingly

3) Institutional Revise organograms to Short P - affected • AQO appointed arrangements create air quality municipalities • AQM accommodate structure and responsibilities AQM function designation, where allocated to needed personnel

HIGHVELD PRIORITY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES TIMEFRAME RESPONSIBILITY INDICATOR

• Staff appointed to Optimise air quality Short P - affected fill AQM posts in resource availability municipalities organogram • AQM scarce skills retention policy Fill AQM posts with Short P - affected developed appropriately skilled municipalities staff

Develop/ revise Short P - MDEDET, retention policies to GDARD, retain scarce AQM skills municipalities

4) Cooperative Establish statutory inter- Short, on-going P - DEA, MDEDET, • Cooperation governance and governmental GDARD, mechanism collaboration cooperation mechanism municipalities established and occurs between to harmonise AQM regular meetings well- and poorly- decision making (under held skilled AQM IGRFA) e.g. joint • Forum established sections licensing tribunal and regular meetings held • Reports made to Provide guidance and Short, on-going P - DEA, provinces, HPA Standing assistance in AQM to municipalities Committee provincial and local authorities

Establish inter- Short, on-going P - MDEDET, governmental forum to GDARD coordinate air quality O - DEA governance in the HPA I - municipalities and reporting mechanism for the Standing Committee

5) Personnel are Cooperatively develop Short P - DEA • Training guideline equipped to training guideline I - MDEDET, GDARD, developed document to identify municipalities perform AQM • Skills gap analysis skills training needs for conducted function and use AQM • Skills development AQM tools plans effectively implemented Conduct AQM skills gap Short P - MDEDET, • Standard courses analysis to identify GDARD, used for training areas of capacity municipalities • Consultation with development for tertiary and other assigned training institutions sections/departments to develop

HIGHVELD PRIORITY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES TIMEFRAME RESPONSIBILITY INDICATOR

Develop skills Short P - MDEDET, standard and development plans to GDARD, specialised AQM address identified gaps municipalities courses • AQM research needs identified Implement skills Short, on-going P - MDEDET, and development plans GDARD, communicated municipalities

Engage with tertiary Short, on-going P - DEA institutions to offer I - MDEDET, GDARD, standardised, accredited municipalities AQM courses (undergraduate and post-graduate level) and other training institutions to offer specialised accredited AQM training short courses

Coordinate officials’ Short, on-going P - DEA, MDEDET, schedules to enable GDARD, attendance of courses municipalities

Engage with NACA on Short P - DEA sponsorship of AQM I - MDEDET, GDARD, capacity development municipalities

Determine areas of Short P - DEA research needed in I - MDEDET, GDARD, AQM and communicate municipalities, to relevant research research institutions institutions

6) Financial Develop AQM Short P - MDEDET, • AQM resources are implementation plan and GDARD, implementation available for air budget to give effect to municipalities plan and budget quality adopted HPA AQMP developed and governance and include in IDP/ EIP included in IDP/ EIP • Consultation Engage with D-COGTA Short P - DEA, meetings held with and SALGA to address municipalities D-COGTA and specific financial and SALGA performance management needs of priority areas

HIGHVELD PRIORITY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES TIMEFRAME RESPONSIBILITY INDICATOR

7) All AELAs and Responsible personnel Short P - AELAs • AEL training AQOs have undergo AEL training completed extensive • AEL system practical established experience in air AEL system is Short P - AELAs • APPA Registration quality established by AELAs I - DEA Certificates governance converted to AELs • Air quality noted in Convert APPA Short - medium P - AELAs Environmental Registration Certificates I - DEA Impact to AELs Assessment (EIA) process • Industrial plant Contribute to EIA Short, on-going P - MDEDET, comply with AEL decision-making and GDARD, conditions environmental municipalities • Emission reporting authorisations through regulation commenting on air published quality impact • Emission reports assessments submitted regularly • Mechanism Conduct regular Short, on-going P - MDEDET, developed for inspections to monitor GDARD, recognition of plant performance and municipalities good performance compliance I - DEA • Presentations made and discussion held on Develop and publish Short P - DEA AQM activities emission reporting I - MDEDET, GDARD regulation for reporting to authorities

Enforce emission Short, on-going P - AELAs reporting regulation

Acknowledge good Medium, P - MDEDET, performance/compliance on-going GDARD e.g. annual awards I - DEA, municipalities

Carry out enforcement Short, on-going P - AELAs action on all non- I - Other non-AELA compliant incidences municipalities

Use established inter- Short, on-going P - MDEDET, governmental GDARD, governance forum as an municipalities experience-sharing I/O - DEA platform

HIGHVELD PRIORITY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES TIMEFRAME RESPONSIBILITY INDICATOR

8) Development Include air quality in Short, on-going P - MDEDET, • Air quality criteria planning in the environmental decision- GDARD, are included in HPA recognises making tools for land municipalities planning decision- the objectives of use planning making and the AQMP discussed in policy • Status quo case Align and integrate Short, on-going P - MDEDET, study prepared municipal and provincial GDARD, AQMPs and other municipalities environmental planning tools with the IDP/ EIP in the HPA

Draft status quo Short P - DEA assessment case study I - MDEDET, GDARD, for use in AQMPs and municipalities other planning tools

Develop HPA pilot for Short P - DEA national AQMP support programme

9) Use of air quality Develop monitoring Short P - DEA, • Improved data management station purchase and I - MDEDET, GDARD, availability at tools such as operation guideline, EMM stations ambient including capacity • Publicly available monitoring, development activities data has emission undergone quality inventories, assurance dispersion Conduct quality control Short, on-going P - DEA, MDEDET, and control and is modelling, etc. and assurance on all GDARD, EMM up-to-date are optimised data to assist • Annual monitoring and expanded compliance monitoring and emission reports are available Upload monitoring data Short, on-going P - DEA, MDEDET, • Annual reports are to SAAQIS routinely GDARD, EMM presented at Air Quality Governance Compile annual reports Short, on-going P - DEA, MDEDET, Lekgotla on monitored data, for GDARD, EMM • Updated HPA technical and AQM emission database purposes is available • Emission database is 80 % Improve HPA emission Short P - DEA complete data base to make it I - MDEDET, GDARD, • Scenario current and municipalities modelling is representative carried out for

HIGHVELD PRIORITY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES TIMEFRAME RESPONSIBILITY INDICATOR

Maintain the database Short, on-going P - DEA HPA to ensure it remains I - MDEDET, GDARD, current and municipalities representative

Compile annual reports Short, on-going P - DEA on emissions data, for I - MDEDET, GDARD, technical and AQM municipalities, purposes Industries

Configure HPA Short P - DEA dispersion model I - Industries

Use HPA dispersion Short, on-going P - DEA model to assist planning I - MDEDET, GDARD, and decision making municipalities

10) Progress on the Establish a Standing Short, on-going P - DEA • Standing implementation Committee with I - MDEDET, GDARD, Committee of the HPA governance municipalities established and AQMP is stakeholders to assess operational monitored and report on progress • Progress reports with the HPA AQMP on AQMP implementation implementation available

Develop progress Short, on-going P - DEA, MDEDET, reports regularly GDARD, municipalities

2. By 2020, industrial emissions are equitably reduced to achieve compliance with ambient air quality standards and dust fallout limit values

OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES TIMEFRAME RESPONSIBILITY INDICATOR

1) Emissions are Establish and maintain Short, P - Industries • Site emission quantified from a site emission on-going inventories all sources inventory that includes completed all point and diffuse • Emission reports sources for all available significant pollutants

HIGHVELD PRIORITY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES TIMEFRAME RESPONSIBILITY INDICATOR

Submit emission Short, on-going P - Industries inventory report as per O - AELAs emission reporting regulation

2) Gaseous and Determine equitable Short P - DEA, AELAs, • AELs issued with particulate emission reduction for Industries emission emissions are specific industries: I - Other non-AELA reductions reduced municipalities • Emission • Identify significant reduction emitters in HPA measures • Submit AIR’s using implemented by a regulated industries modelling • Maintenance plans approach implemented • Determine • Reduced equitable emission disruptions to plant reduction using operations

AIR submissions • and industrial action plans (Appendix 6) • Issue AELs with emission reduction requirements and industrial action plan commitments

Develop and implement Short P - Industries maintenance plan for each plant

Schedule and conduct On-going P - Industries repairs to coincide with plant offline times

Incorporate equipment On-going P - Industries changes into maintenance schedule

Operate plants with Short, on-going P - Industries minimum disruption e.g. back-up plan for energy consumption/ generation

HIGHVELD PRIORITY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES TIMEFRAME RESPONSIBILITY INDICATOR

3) Fugitive Develop fugitive Short P - Industries • Fugitive emission emissions are emission management I - DEA, AELAs management plan minimised plan developed and implemented • Reduction in Implement appropriate Short, P - Industries fugitive emissions interventions e.g. LDAR on-going O - DEA, AELAs programme

4) Emissions from Develop and implement Short, on-going P - Industries • Dust reduction dust-generating dust reduction O - DEA, AELAs programme activities are programmes in line with implemented reduced industry best practice, • Fleet maintenance considering technology carried out and management • Alternate haulage interventions and waste management investigated Investigate feasibility of Medium P - Industries using alternative means for haulage e.g. conveyer, rail

Plan and carry out regular fleet Short, on-going P - Industries maintenance

Investigate Medium P - Industries opportunities to market waste as raw material inputs to other industries e.g. discard coal

5) Greenhouse gas Include greenhouse gas Short P - Industries • Site greenhouse emissions are emissions in site gas emission reduced emission inventory inventories compiled • Energy efficiency Develop and implement Short P - Industries plans implemented a site energy efficiency I - DEA, MDEDET, plan GDARD, municipalities

Consider climate Short, on-going P - Industries change implications in AQM decision-making

HIGHVELD PRIORITY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES TIMEFRAME RESPONSIBILITY INDICATOR

Investigate Short - medium P - Industries opportunities for co- generation e.g. off-gas as an energy source

Investigate feasibility of Short - medium P - Industries renewable energy

6) Incidences of Promote research Short P - DEA • Research needs spontaneous needs regarding I - MDEDET, GDARD, communicated combustion are spontaneous municipalities • Consultation with reduced combustion DMR on abandoned mines • Reduced Communicate the need Short P - DEA incidences of to determine spontaneous abandoned mine combustion ownership to facilitate rehabilitation and/or closure

Promote the need for Short P - DEA compliance monitoring of abandoned mines

Implement and enforce Short P - DEA discard dump management regulations

Improve supply and Medium P - Industries demand forecasting to reduce coal stockpile size and limit coal stockpile retention time

7) Abatement Install and/or maintain Short - long P - Industries • Air pollution technology is appropriate air pollution abatement appropriate and abatement technology technology operational compliant with installed requirements of AEL • Equipment and achieving Section operated optimally 21 emission standards • Individual technology benchmarks Train operators to On-going P - Industries completed ensure optimal operation of abatement equipment

HIGHVELD PRIORITY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES TIMEFRAME RESPONSIBILITY INDICATOR

Promote individual Medium P - DEA benchmarking of abatement technology

Motivate for and Medium P - DEA, Industries, undertake research to Research institutions improve abatement technology and reduce retrofitting costs

8) Industrial AQM Establish sector Short P - Industries • Sector fora decision making information sharing fora established is robust and • Sector best well-informed, Compile best practice Short - medium P - DEA practice guidelines with necessary documents for the I - AELAs available information sectors • Benchmarking available promoted

Conduct international Medium P - Industries benchmarking within the O - DEA sectors

Make sector emission Medium P - DEA performance I - Industries information available for company benchmarking

Make best practice Medium P - DEA information available on SAAQIS

9) Clean Incorporate cleaner Short P - AELAs • AEL includes technologies and technology I - DEA clean technology processes are considerations into AEL recommendations implemented • Clean technology feasibility studies Investigate feasibility of Medium P - Industries conducted introducing clean • Clean technology technologies on plant- options specific basis implemented

Implement feasible Medium - long P - Industries technology options on plant-specific basis

HIGHVELD PRIORITY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES TIMEFRAME RESPONSIBILITY INDICATOR

Investigate regulatory Medium P - DEA, MDEDET, mechanisms to facilitate GDARD introduction of new technology

Investigate feasibility of Medium P - Industries switching to clean fuels at times of poor dispersion

Investigate alternative Medium P - Industries design and process options to improve plume dispersion

Implement feasible Medium - long P - Industries alternative design and process options

10) Adequate Revise organograms to Short P - Industries • AQM personnel resources are create air quality designated available for structure and • Abatement and AQM in industry designation, where measurement needed financial planning complete

Optimise environmental Short P - Industries management resource availability to accommodate air quality function

Fill AQM posts with Short P - Industries appropriately skilled staff, where needed

Input into financial Short P - Industries planning to implement emission abatement and measurement requirements of AEL and Section 21 emission standards

Investigate the possible Medium P - Industries use of offset I - DEA, AELAs programmes to reduce financial investments

HIGHVELD PRIORITY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES TIMEFRAME RESPONSIBILITY INDICATOR

11) Ambient air Conduct ambient air Short, on-going P - Industries • Ambient air quality quality standard quality monitoring in O - AELAs and dust fallout and dust fallout accordance with AEL I - DEA monitoring carried limit value requirements out exceedances as • Monitoring results a result of reported and industrial Conduct dust fallout Short, on-going P - Industries available on emissions are monitoring in O - AELAs SAAQIS assessed accordance with I - DEA • AIRs updated to legislative requirements, include monitoring and consider advances results in monitoring technology

Report ambient Short, on-going P - Industries monitoring results, to O - DEA, AELAs relevant AQO and publish on SAAQIS

Update AIR Short, on-going P - Industries submissions O - DEA, AELAs

12) A line of Conduct quarterly Short, on-going P - Industries • Quarterly communication consultative community meetings held exists between meetings between industry industry and and communities communities

3. By 2020, air quality in all low income settlements is in full compliance with ambient air quality standards

OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES TIMEFRAME RESPONSIBILITY INDICATOR

1) Implementation Promote the objectives Medium, P - MDEDET, • Planning of dense of the strategy of the strategy in dense on-going GDARD low income for dense low low income settlements I - DEA, municipalities settlements income on the HPA considers the settlements objectives of the strategy

2) Clean fuels and Coordinate BnM roll-out Short, on-going P - MDEDET, • BnM technology are in HPA PM10 “hotspot” GDARD demonstrations used that are settlements I - DEA, held across HPA affordable and municipalities, DoE, • Mechanisms to easily available industries provide clean

HIGHVELD PRIORITY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES TIMEFRAME RESPONSIBILITY INDICATOR

Communicate the air Short, on-going P - DEA energy are quality benefits of I - MDEDET, GDARD, investigated subsidy provision for municipalities clean combustion technology (stoves) and clean fuels (anthracite coal, gas) to implementing stakeholders

Motivate for other Short, on-going P - DEA regulatory and financial I - MDEDET, GDARD, mechanisms to improve municipalities affordability of clean energy

Communicate the Short, on-going P - DEA benefit of accessing I - MDEDET, GDARD, CDM funding for fuel municipalities switching projects in HPA

3) Service delivery Communicate the air Short, on-going P - DEA, MDEDET, • Benefits of service to low income quality benefits of GDARD, provision are residential areas improved service municipalities understood in is improved delivery to relevant relevant departments, departments particularly: • Electrification program is revised • Electrification to address • Road surfacing identified air quality • Refuse removal hot spots as • Greening priority

Participate in Short P - DEA, MDEDET, development of GDARD, prioritisation municipalities methodology for electricity provision

Engage Eskom to Short, on-going P - DEA, MDEDET, electrify areas of poor GDARD air quality in hotspots as a priority

HIGHVELD PRIORITY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES TIMEFRAME RESPONSIBILITY INDICATOR

4) Adequate Identify and Short, on-going P - DEA • Research on scientific, health communicate research I - MDEDET, GDARD, domestic fuel and economic needs to research municipalities burning and information is institutions and related topics available on organisations to conducted domestic fuel motivate research on • Research burning and air domestic fuel use, outcomes on quality particularly emission domestic fuel reduction measures burning and related topics available on Develop linkage Short, on-going P - DEA SAAQIS between HPA website I - MDEDET, GDARD, and SAAQIS database municipalities, of available information research institutions, industries

5) Low-income and Participate in the Short P - DEA, DoHousing, • Low cost housing informal revision of low cost MDEDET, GDARD, design principles households are housing design municipalities consider energy energy efficient principles efficiency

Communicate the air Short P - DEA quality benefits of large- scale subsidised solar water heating and other energy efficient fittings

Communicate the Short P - DEA benefit of accessing CDM funding for energy efficiency projects in HPA

6) Social upliftment Promote air quality- Short, on-going P - DEA, MDEDET, • Corporate and development related corporate social GDARD, investment occurs has air quality investment in low municipalities in low income benefits income communities in communities in hot hot spot areas spot areas

HIGHVELD PRIORITY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

4. By 2020, all vehicles comply with the requirements of the National Vehicle Emission Strategy

OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES TIMEFRAME RESPONSIBILITY INDICATOR

1) Regulations for Implement Short - medium P - DEA, DoT, DoE • National vehicle motor vehicle requirements of the emission strategy emission national vehicle implemented reduction is in emission strategy place

2) Emission testing Develop emission Short P - relevant • Emission testing capacity is testing regulation municipalities regulated and extended implemented • Emission testing Acquire emission Short P - relevant report compiled testing equipment municipalities

Conduct training Short P - relevant programme for testing municipalities personnel I - MDEDET, GDARD, EMM, other municipalities with testing function

Conduct regular Short, on-going P - relevant inspections municipalities

Compile report on Short, on-going P - relevant emission testing municipalities activities and effectiveness

5. By 2020, a measurable increase in awareness and knowledge of air quality exists

OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES TIMEFRAME RESPONSIBILITY INDICATOR

1) Air quality Simplify technical Short, on-going P - DEA, MDEDET, • Air quality information is reports and GDARD, information is easily accessible management plans for municipalities available in hard to all public consumption copy and stakeholders electronic formats • Air quality Disseminate On-going P - DEA, MDEDET, information is information in areas GDARD, available in official accessible to all municipalities languages stakeholders (e.g. • Simplified community libraries in technical the HPA) information is

HIGHVELD PRIORITY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES TIMEFRAME RESPONSIBILITY INDICATOR

Use media to share Short, on-going P - DEA, MDEDET, available information on air GDARD, quality municipalities

Use organisations’ Short, on-going P - DEA, MDEDET, websites for GDARD, distribution of municipalities information

Develop educational Short P - DEA material on air quality impacts in relevant official languages aimed at individuals, communities and government officials

2) Air quality Conduct educational Short, on-going P - MDEDET, • Educational information is campaigns within all GDARD, campaigns communicated to HPA communities municipalities conducted across all stakeholders HPA • Stakeholder fora Conduct educational Short, on-going P - DEA, MDEDET, established awareness EMM • Training and programmes at awareness-raising schools which host courses held for monitoring stations community leaders and councillors • Air quality criteria Establish a community Short P - MDEDET, considered in forum/fora (NGOs, GDARD, development CBOs and FBOs) to municipalities planning policy address stakeholder and initiatives education, awareness • Use of fire danger and capacity building index promoted • Reduction in incidents of Organise seminars, Short P - DEA, MDEDET, burning (controlled workshops and training GDARD, and uncontrolled) courses for community municipalities leaders and councillors on air quality issues

Conduct air quality Short P - DEA, MDEDET, awareness raising GDARD, activities accompanied municipalities by elected officials

HIGHVELD PRIORITY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES TIMEFRAME RESPONSIBILITY INDICATOR

Increase awareness of Short P - MDEDET, development planners GDARD, to consider air quality municipalities criteria in planning decision-making

Conduct awareness- Short, on-going P - DEA, DoA, raising activities and MDEDET, GDARD, educational municipalities programmes on correct use of fire and vegetation management

Publicise the existing Short P - MDEDET, fire danger index as GDARD, part of AQM municipalities

Promote the “Follow Short P - DEA the smoke” campaign I - MDEDET, GDARD, municipalities

3) Research is Consult communities, Short, on-going P - Research • Community considerate of local leaders, institutions knowledge is stakeholders in community included in air the area of study organisations etc as quality studies part of research process

Incorporate indigenous Short, on-going P - MDEDET, information/ knowledge GDARD, into air quality studies municipalities, research institutions

4) Opportunities for Use stakeholder fora Short, on-going P - Municipalities • Community public to provide communication participation and communication platform involvement in platform to established air quality communities • Community are decision-making able to access are readily AQM officials in available Publish contact details Short P - Municipalities emergencies of relevant AQOs in communities

HIGHVELD PRIORITY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES TIMEFRAME RESPONSIBILITY INDICATOR

Investigate feasibility Short P - DEA, MDEDET, of establishing a toll GDARD free number for air quality incidents for the HPA

6. By 2020, biomass burning and agricultural emissions will be 30% less than current

OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES TIMEFRAME RESPONSIBILITY INDICATOR

1) Emissions from Develop emission Short P - DEA • Current emission biomass burning estimate for biomass I - DoA, DoAFF estimate available and agricultural burning (natural and for biomass activities on the controlled) burning and HPA are agriculture quantified Maintain information on On-going P - DEA fires on HPA using AFIS and other resources

Develop emission Short P - DEA estimate for agriculture: I - DoA, GDARD

• Pesticides • Odour-related pollutants • Dust

2) Management Promote grass cutting Short, on-going P - DEA, DoA, DoT • Reduction in alternatives to and baling in I - MDEDET, GDARD burning in burning are agricultural, protected agricultural, available and road reserve areas, protected and road to be used as a reserve areas resource e.g. fodder, compost, smokeless fuel

Motivate for research Short P - DEA, DoA on veld management practices/ strategies for alternatives to burning and on the relationship between fire and environmental factors

HIGHVELD PRIORITY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES TIMEFRAME RESPONSIBILITY INDICATOR

3) Legal Optimise the use of Short P - DEA, DoA • Regulation requirements existing regulatory tools restricting burning discourage to prevent agricultural is promulgated vegetation burning in poor burning conditions

Motivate for specific Short - medium P - DEA, DoAFF conditions for creating fire breaks in Veld and Forest Fires Act

Motivate for regulation Medium P - DEA, DoA, DoAFF of burning in sensitive ecosystems and surrounding areas

4) Dust Cooperatively Short P - DEA, SAWS, DoA • Feasibility report entrainment, investigate the prepared on odour, and feasibility of the agricultural pesticide development and forecast available emissions are publication of weather reduced forecasts for optimum ploughing time and spraying of pesticides

7. By 2020, emissions from waste management are 40% less than current

OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES TIMEFRAME RESPONSIBILITY INDICATOR

1) Emissions from Develop and maintain Short P - DEA • Emission estimates waste emission estimate for available for waste management landfills, waste water management activities on the treatment works and facilities HPA are incinerators • Greenhouse gas quantified emission estimates available Include Greenhouse Short P - DEA gas emissions in emission inventory

2) Management of Develop emission On-going P - Operating Entities • Emission reduction waste reduction plan for all O - DEA, AELAs plans developed processing sites process and fugitive and implemented considers air sources

HIGHVELD PRIORITY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES TIMEFRAME RESPONSIBILITY INDICATOR

pollutant and Implement emission Short, on-going P - Operating Entities greenhouse gas reduction and O - DEA, AELAs emission maintenance plan for all reductions emission sources resulting from waste management activities

Investigate feasibility of Short - medium P - Operating Entities methane extraction for energy generation

Promote the use of best Medium P - DEA, MDEDET, available technology in GDARD, waste management municipalities

3) Emissions from Motivate for regular Short P - Municipalities • Waste burning is burning of waste collection of waste from regulated are reduced skips

Apply/ develop Short - medium P - MDEDET, regulatory tools to GDARD, control waste burning municipalities I - DEA

Motivate for Short - Medium P - MDEDET, enforcement action on GDARD, incidences of waste municipalities burning

CO-BENEFITS FROM PROJECTS BY OTHER GOVERNANCE DEPARTMENTS

As part of the AQMP development, work by stakeholders not directly related to air quality but having co-benefits for improved air quality in the HPA has been included. The projects listed are under development, have been implemented, or are proposed following consultation, and possible collaboration.

Table E6: Collaborative working and support projects

IMPLEMENTING AGENT PROJECT

Department of Health • Implementation of the guideline on indoor air pollution

• Cooperatively develop healthcare admission methodology to include air pollution exposure parameters

HIGHVELD PRIORITY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

IMPLEMENTING AGENT PROJECT

Department of Transport • Motivate for the inclusion of emission testing as part of roadworthiness

certification

Department of Energy • Revision of fuel specifications as part of National Vehicle Emissions

Strategy

Department of Energy, • Develop promotional material and tools to inform energy efficient and Eskom alternative energy choices

Department of Education • Promote revision of school curriculum to include AQM

• Distribute DEA air quality educational material to educators in the HPA

• Promote AQM as a career path at schools and tertiary institutions

Department of Justice • Motivate for stricter enforcement action through prosecution and stiff

penalties for arson offenders

Department of Agriculture • Promote research on improving farming techniques and good agricultural practices e.g. minimum tillage, application of pesticides

• Promote best practice for the conversion of animal waste to manure and fertiliser

Department of Water • Compile best practice documents for the waste management sector Affairs and DEA

• Develop promotional material on air quality benefits of household waste minimisation

MONITORING

Monitoring the progress of the implementation of the AQMP is a key factor in maintaining momentum for the rollout of interventions and provides a means to update key stakeholders. Working groups are the preferred mechanism for monitoring, as they are the primary means for initiation of implementation. The outcomes of the meetings will be taken forward into the annual evaluation exercise.

HIGHVELD PRIORITY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

RESPONSIBILITY DEA, Working Groups

METHOD Progress meeting/Level of completion of interventions

TIMEFRAME 6 months

EVALUATION

On-going evaluation is an essential element of AQMP implementation as it allows for a thorough assessment of the AQMP. Evaluation is an internal mechanism to measure the performance of the AQMP implementation. Annual evaluation of the AQMP is suggested as a minimum timeframe and is ideally incorporated into the annual performance review mechanisms.

AQMP evaluation comprises an internal evaluation of the final AQMP, and an on-going evaluation, which addresses implementation outcomes. This component is regarded as a limited peer review mechanism, as the MSRG has technical and management background in AQM and is able to refine the AQMP. An evaluation checklist is provided in DEA’s AQMP Manual, which deals with all aspects that require assessment.

Indicators have been developed for the AQMP implementation plan. These are ideally incorporated into the annual reports to be submitted to the Minister, as indicated in Section 17 of the AQA. These reports, together with the regular progress reports proposed in the implementation, will be incorporated into the National AQO’s Annual Report, which is submitted to the Minister as well, and available to all stakeholders.

REVIEW

AQMP review comprises internal and external review components, and addresses further developments in the science as well as management of air quality.

With regards to the formal review of the AQMP and the implementation, a review period of every five years is recommended in the DEA Manual. The definition of the review period is subject to funding and political cycles, as well as implementation outcomes.

The process of five-yearly review is anticipated to be initiated through an internal review mechanism and incorporate the annual evaluation exercise, effectively assessing the five-year performance of the AQMP, and leading to revision of the AQMP.

RESPONSIBILITY DEA, Working Groups, MSRG

METHOD Compilation of annual evaluations

TIMEFRAME 5 years

The full Highveld Priority Area Air Quality Management Plan is available on the SAQQIS website (http://www.saaqis.org.za).

HIGHVELD PRIORITY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

NOTES

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