,
104 CONGRESSIONAL· REGORD-SE·NA.TE. DECEMBER 1(i), ·.
By Mr. KNOX: Memorial of George J. Carney and others, of Cuban patriots in their struggle for freedom-to the Committee Lowell, Mass., praying for the removal of obstructions in the on Foreign Affairs. Merrimac River-to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. Also, petition of Caroline D. :Mowatt, for restoration of pen By Mr. LACEY: Petition of Nancy A. Killough for a pension sion-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By'Mr. CHARLES W. STONE: Resolutions of a meeting of By Mr. LOW: The Maritime Association of the Port of New citizens held at Grand Valley, Warren County, Pa., in favor of York, the Board of Marine Underwriters, insurance companies an amendment to the Constitution of the United States prohibit and owners, underwriters' agents, and masters of vessels engaged ing the use of public money for sectarian purposes, etc.-to the in the coasting trade along the Atlantic coast, together with those Committee on the Judiciary. of Bath, Belfast, and Rockland, Stat-e of Maine; Boston, Glouces Also, resolutions of a meeting of citizens of Seneca, VeTJ.angt> ter, Salem, and Taunton, of the State of Massachusetts; New County, Pa., in favor of an amendment to the Constitution of the London a.nd New Haven, of the State of Connecticut; Philadel United States prohibiting the use of public moriey for sectru:ian phia, Pa.; Jersey City, N.J.; Providence, R.I.; Baltimore, Md.; purposes, etc.-to the Committee on the Judiciary. Ocracoke and Beaufort, N. C.; Charleston, S. C.; Savannah and By Mr. WALKER of Massachusetts: Petition of the represtjnt Brunswick, Ga., respectfully represent to the Congress the im atives duly accredited by the mass meeting of the Armenian col portance of a harbor of refuge near Cape Lookout-to the Com ony of Worcester, Mass., urging that vigorous measures be mittee on Rivers and Harbors. recommended for putting a stop to the indiscriminate slaughter By Mr. MILLER of West Virginia: Petition for the relief of of Christians by the Turkish Government-to the Committee on John W. Trader-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Foreign Affairs. By Mr. MOODY: Petition of Austin Quinby and 25 others, sur Also, a memorial adopted by a meeting of Armenian citizens at vivors of the crew of the U. S. S. Kearsm·ge, requesting that the Worcester, Mass.-to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Congress of the United States turn over to the survivors of said ship all of its relics-to the Committee on Naval Affairs. • Also, petition of John M. Anderson, harbor master of Glouces ter, Mass., and 58 otherE, masters of vessels and merchants, re questing an appropriation by Congress to remove certain specified SENATE. obstructions to navigation in the harbor of Gloucester, Mass.-to TUESDAY, .Decem.ber 10, 1895~ the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. Also, petition of Albert H. Rogers and 342 other citizens of the Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. W. H. MILBURN, D. D. town of Marblehead, Mass., requesting an appropriation to The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and approved. build a sea wall on the southerly side of the isthmus connecting Marblehead Neck with the main body of the town, for the pro E:n;CUTIVE COMMUNICATION. tection of Marblehead Harbor-to the Committee on Rivers and The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communica Harbors. tion from the Secretary of War, transmitting, in response to a By Mr. MEIKLEJOHN: Memorial from citizens of Fremont, resolution of the 3d instant, the report of the Chief of Engineers Nebr., praying for the recognition by this Government of the bel on the project for further improvement of the harbor at Wilming ligerent rights of the Cubans-to the Committee on Foreign toll, CaL, proposed by W. H. H. Benyaurd, lieutenant-colonel, Affairs. · Corps of Engin-eers, United States Army; which, with the accom By Mr. MEREDITH: Petition of the heirs of William Ross, panying paper, was referred to the Committee on Commerce, and deceased; the heirs of Robert A. Smith, deceased; the heirs of ordered to be printed. E. V. Gordon, deceased; the estate of John W. Hawkins, deceased; the estate of Mary Gwinn, deceased; the estate of J. J. Curtis, REPORT OJ.': SUPERINTENDENT OF COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY. deceased, all of Culpeper County, Va., and the estate of Charity The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communica Sinclair, '""ther scheme of arbitration between the railroad companies of the Mr. MILLS introduced a bill (S. 686) to increase the pension of United States and their employees; which was read, and referred Francis M. Durham; which was read twice by its title, and, with to the Committee on the Judiciary, as follows: · the lltCCompanying paper, referred to the Committee on Pensions. • Whereas the past year has been characterized by disastrous railroad strikes, Mr. PUGH introduced a bill (S. 687) to · apply-the unexpended bringing untold losses to the business interest s of the land and great suffer balance of the amount heretofore appropriated for the relief of ing and losses to the employees upon the railroads, and WhereaB the country will continue to be liable to a recurrence of such the captain, owners, officers, and crew of the late United States losses and suffering so long as the nation is unprovided with some suitable private armed brig General .Armstrong, their heirs, executors, method of settling controversies between the railroad companies of the land administrators, agents, or assigns; which was read twice by its and their employees: Therefore be it ' Resolved by the legislature of the State of Minnesota, Tbat the Congress of title, and refened to the Committee on the Judiciary. the United States be. and the same are, respectfully requested by this memo Mr. PRITCHARD (by request) introduced a bill (S. 688) for rial to enact into a law the arbitration bill now before Congress and ~known as the relief of Thomas S. Lutterloh; which was read twice by its the Olney arbitration bill, or enact some other suitable and comprehensible law for the legal and prompt settlement of all controversies between the rail- title, and l'eferred to the Committee on Claims. roads of the country and their employees. · · Mr. TILLM-AN introduced a bill (S. 689) to equalize the sev The secretary· of state is hereby requested to forward copies of this memo eral States of the Union in the grant of lands for school purposes; rial and resolution to our Senators and Representatives in Congress. which was read twice by its title, and refened to the Committee Appro.ved March 2, 1895. on Public Lands. STATE OF MINNESOTA, Depa1·tment of State: Mr. WHITE introduced a bill (S. 690) for the relief of Fanny I h ereby certify that this is a true and correct copy of house file No. !60, B. Randolph and Dora L. Stark; which was read twice by its filed in this office- March 2, 1895. ALBERT BERG, Secretary of State. title, and referred to the Committee on Claims. Mr. BATE introduced a bill (S. 691) for the relief of Capt. W. Mr. CALL presented a petition, in the form of resolutions, M. Wallace; which was read twice by its title, and referred to adopted at a mass meeting called by the mayor of the city of West the Committee on Military Affairs. · Tampa, Fla.; a petition of Nassau Camp, No. 104, Union Con Mr. BURROWS introduced a bill (S. 692) for the relief of the federate Veterans, of Fernandina, Fla., and a petition of the city legal representatives of James and William Crooks, of Canada; council of St. Augustine, Fla., praying for a speedy recognition as which was read twice by its title, and, with the· accompanying belligerents of the Cuban patriots in their struggle for freedom; paper, refened to the Committee on Foreign Relations. - ,, which were refened to the Committee on Foreign Relations. He also introduced a bill (S. 693) granting a pension to Joseph Mr. SHERMAN. I present a petition of the National Wool U. H. Gill; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Growers' Association and others, with accompanying papers, Committ-ee on Pensions. · ' praying for prot-ective legislation for the sheep industry.· As it is He also introduced a bill (S. 694) for the relief of James R. D. ' the petition of an association of great national importance, I move Morrison and William H. Morrison, executor of William M. Morri- · t-hat it be printed and referred to the Committee on Finance. son and administrator of-Charles J. Morrison, deceased; which The motion was agreed to. · was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on · Mr. SHERMAN presented the petition of Francis A. Field, late Claims. captain, Eleventh United States Infantry, praying for the enact He also introduced a bill (S. 695) granting an increase of pen~ ment of legislation restoring him to the Army and placing -him on sion to Richard Dobson; which was read twice by its title, and ra. the retired list thereof; which was referred to the Commttee on fened to the Committee on Pensions. Military Affairs. He also introduced a bill (S. 696) granting a pension to Nancy Mr. HOAR. I present the petition of six clubs composed of J. Johnson; which was read twice by its title, and refened to the colored men in Massachusetts, signed by their officers, all of the Committee on Pensions. highest respectability, stating that in some parts of the country Mr. MORRILL introduced a bill (S. 697) for the reconstruction daily the lives of American citizens are taken, some-burned·alive, of the United States custom-house and post-office building at St. under circumstances of the grossest cruelty, without any trial by Albans, Vt., destroyed by-fire May 19, 1895; whicnwas read twice jury or other legal process. The petitioners desire, if there is not by its title, and referred to the Committee on Public Buildings . now power in Congress to suppress these crimes, that the Consti and ·Grounds. ' tution may be amended so that proper laws may be made. I move He also introduced a bill (S. 698) to provide for the erection of that 'the-petition be referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. an additional fireproof. building for the National Museum; which The motion was agreed to. was read twice by its title, and refened to the Committee on Pub lic Buildings and Grounds. REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. Mr. SHERMAN. I introduce, by request, a bill of which I do Mr. PEFFER, from the Committee to Examine the Several not approve. I ask that it be read twice by its title, and referred · Branches of the Civil Service, to whom was refened the bill (S. 2;36) to the Committee on Finance. to provide for proper-disposition of the remains of deceased mem The bill (S. 699) to aid in regulating the currency was read bers of the Senate and House of Representatives who die at the twice by its title, and, with the accompanying paper, referred to capital during the sessions of Congress, reported it without the Committee on Finance. amendment. Mr. SHERMAN (by request) introduced a bill (S. 700) for the He also, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom was referred relief of John E. Welch; which was·read twice by its title, andre the bill (S. 242) to require payment of pension money to wives in ferred to the Committee ·on Pensions. cases where male pensioners desert or abandon their families, or Mr. CAMERON introduced a bill (S. 701) for the relief of are habitual drunkards, or for any reason fail and neglect to sup Charles A. M. Mead; which was read twice by its title, and, with port their families, reported it without amendment, and submitted the accompanying paper, referred to the Committee on Military a report thereon. Affairs. He also, from the same committee, to whom was refened the He also introduced a bill (S. 702) granting a pension to Caroline bill (S. 480) granting a pension to William B. Matchett, reported Stockton Brown; which was read hvice by its title, and referred . it without amendment, and submitted a report thereon. to the Committee on Pensions. Mr. GALLINGER, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom He also introduced a bm (S. 703) for the relief of the widow of was refen·ed the bill (S. 142) granting a pension to Annie M. George 0. Foulk, deceased; which was read twice by its title, and, · Greene, reported it without amendment, and submitted a report with the accompanying paper, referred to the Committee on Naval thereon. Affairs. He also, from the same committee, to whom was 1·eferred the He also introduced a bill (S. 704) for the relief of George Rush bill (S. 138) granting an increase of pension to James H. Osgood, burger; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the reported it without amendment, and submitted a report thereon. Committee on Claims. · Mr. PEFFER introduced a bill (S. 705) granting a pension to BILLS INTRODUCED. Emily B. Muncey; which was read twice by its title, and refened Mr. HOAR introduced a bill (S. 682) fortherelief of the heirs of to the Committee on Pensions. Sterling T. Austin, deceased; which was read twice by its title, Mr. SEWELL introduced a bill (S. 706) for the relief of Eugenia and, with the accompanying papers, refened to the Committee on Wood; which was read twice by its title, and, with the accom Claims. panying paper, referred to the Committee on Pensions. Mr. PALMER introduced a bill (S. 683) granting restoration of He also introduced a bill (S. 707) to increase the pension of pension to Wall ace G. Bone; which was read twice by its title, and Brig. Gen. ·Charles A. Heckman; which was read twice by its referred to the Committee on Pensions. title, and, with the accompanying paper, refened to the Com He also introduced a bill (S. 684) granting an increase of pension mittee on Pensions. to Marion McKibben; whic-h was read twice by its title, and re- :Mr. McBRIDE introduced a bill (S. 708) to amend section 4 of ferred to the Committee on Pensions. · an act to provide for the adjustment of land grants made by Con :Mr. BLACKBURN introduced a bill (S. 685) granting a pen gress t0 aid in the construction of railroads, ancl for the forfeiture sion to Mrs. Alice Martin; which was read twice by its title, and of unearned lands, and for other purposes; which was read twice referred to the Committee on Pensions. by its title, and referred to the Committee on Public Lands. 106 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEMBER 10, - He also introduced a bill (S. 709) for the relief of W. L. Adams-, · He also introduced a bill (S. 733) for the relief of the heirs of of Oregon; which wa" read twice by its title, and referred to the S. H. Hill, deceased; which was read twice by its title, and re Committee on Claims. ferred to the Committee on Claims. He also introduced a bill (S. 710) granting a pension to Ada J. Mr. B~<\CON introduced a bill (S. 734) for ascertaining the feasi Schwatka, widow of the late Lieut. Fxederick Schwatka; which bility and probable cost of constructing a canal from the Tennes was read twice by its title, and xeferred to the Committee on see River, at or near the city of Chattanooga, in the State of Pensions. Tennessee, to the navigable waters of the Savannah River, in the He also introduced a bill.(S. 711) to provide for the construction State of Georgia, by which there will be furnished adequate water of a public building at Salem, Oreg.; which was read twice by its communication by the shortest and most practicable xoute be title, and referred to the Committee on Public Buildings and tween the Atlantic Ocean and the navigable waters of the rivers Grounds. in the :Mississippi Valley; which was read twice by its title. He also introduced a bill (S. 712) to pay the claims of citizens Mr. BACON. I ask that the bill may lie on the table, in order of Oregon for supplies audited by Philo Callender, commissioner; that at some future time I may submit some remarks upon it. which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee The VICE-PRESIDENT. The bill will lie on the table for the on Military Affairs. present. . He also introduced a bill (S. 713) for the relief of the legal rep 1tfr. HARRIS introduced a bill (S. 736) for the relief of the resentatives of Chauncey M. Lockwood; which was read twice by heirs of Myra Clark Gaines; which was read twice by its title, its title, and referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post and referred to the Committee on Private Land Claims. Roads. Mr. SQUIRE introdu0ed a bill (S. 7R5) to reorganize and in He also introduced a bill (S. 714-) granting a pension to Benja crease the efficiency of the personnel of the Navy; to increase the min Franklin Dowell, of Oregon, for services with the Oregon Vol usefulness and numbers of the Corps of Naval Engineers; to induce unteers in the years 1853, 1854, 1855·, and 1856; which was read the scientific institutions to provide a naval engineering reserve twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Pensions. for time of war; to establish a naval engineering experimental sta He also introduced a bill (S. 715) for the relief of B. F .. Dowell; tion, and to encourage the study of the mechanic arts and sciences, which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee and particularly that of naval engineering in the technological on the Judiciary. colleges of the country; which was read twice by its title. Mr. GIBSON introduced a bill (S. 716) to correct the naval his tory of John C. Dull; which was read twice by its title, and re INCREASE OF NAVAL ENGINE.ERING EFFICIENCY. ferred to the Committee on Naval Affairs. Mr. SQIDRE. Mr. President, I desire to say a few words in Mr:NELSON introduced a bill (S. 717) for the e1·ection of a reference to the bill by way of explanation. It provides first for public building at Fergus Falls, Minn.; which was rea~ twice by an increase in the number of the Corps of Naval Engineers. On its title, and referred to the Committee on Public Buildings and this point we have the report of the Committee on Naval Affairs, Grounds. submitted April 20, 1892, in which they call attention to the fact He also introduced a bill (S. 718) subjecting national banks to that the Corps of N a;val Engineers then consisted of 189 persons the usury laws of the States where they are located; which was in all, and in the opinion of the committee at that time there were read twice by its title, and referred tOe the Committee on the required 303 officers for the Bureau of Engineering. The com Judiciary. mittee in the:i,r report state as follows: He also introduced a bill (S. 719) to restore a pension to Haniet It will be seen that the total number for supplying effectively the demands M. Knowlton; which was read twice by its title, and referred to of the Navy for sea and shore duty is 300, an increase of ill over the present the Committee on Pensions. list, a.'l stated above. In view of the increase in the number of war ships, completed and provided He also introduced a bill (S. 720) for the relief of settlers on sec for with modern, complicated machinery, propelled -almost entirely by steam ond indemnity lands of theNorthern Pacific Railway; which was power, your committee is of opinion that this number added to the Engineer read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Public Corps of the Navy is not only not excessive, but necessary to meet there Lands. . quirements of the service. Mr. FAULKNER (by request) introduced a bill (S. 721) to In the same report I notice a paragraph from the report of the amend the charter of the Eckington and Soldiers' Home Railway Chief of the Bureau of Steam Engineering, as follows: Company of the District of Columbia; which wa.s read twice by its There is still another and very important point that is generally overlooked 'title, and referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia. when considering the En~eer Corps of the Navy,a.nd that isthatitisapart He also introduced a bill (S. 722) for the relief of Mrs. Rhoda of the military organization and second to none in importance. In the naval battle of the future. the engineer l>taf! will have a difficult and impC>rtant part to Neal; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Com p erform, and if there isfailu1·e in the engine room no amount of skill and b1·avery mittee on Claims. on the bridge may S'l.tffice. to avert disaster. Celerity of movement has d.ecided He also introduced a bill (S. 723) for the relief of William M. many a naval battle and will decide many nwl·e, and the celerit'IJ of movem.ent of a modern ship depends directly on the skiU of her engineer officers. Coffman, a~ministrator of Samuel Coffman, deceased, late of Greenbrier County, W.Va.; which was read twice by its title, There are three or four other points to which I wish to refer and referred to the Committee on Claims. briefly. The bill proposes to give positive rank and title to the Mr. GEAR introduced a bill (S. 724) granting an increase of officers of the Corps of Engineers, or the Bureau of Engineering~ pension to Helen M. Mallery; which was read twice by its. title, ·as it is termed in the bill The thii·d point is that the command and referred to the Committee on Pensions. of the engineer force shall be under the authority of the com He also introduced a bill (S. 725) granting a pension to Anna C. manding officer of the ship. Fourth, the manner of selecting Garber~ which was read twice by itstitle,andreferredtotheCom cadets and filling vacancies in the Engineer Corps should be. mittee on Pensions. changed. This is the educational feature of the bill. Fifth, the Mr. VOORHEES introduced a bill (S. 726) granting an increase enlargement of the duties of the Engineer Corps of the Navy in of pension to Henry Slaughter; which was read twice by its title, accordance with modern requirements is provided for in the bill. and referred to the Committee on Pensions. Mr. President, by the courtesy of Rear-Admiral Beardslee, com He also introduced a bill (S. 727) granting increase of pensions manding the United States naval forces on the Pacific coast, I to soldiers who have lost an eye; which was read twice by its title, recently visited the flagship Philadelphia, and had great satisfac and refe1-red to the Committee on Pensions. tion in examining that splendid cruiser. Going through the ves Mr. HILL introduced a bill (S. 728) to compensate Elihu Root sel below the water line, I observed the vast amount of machinery, for services r ende:red by direction of the Attorney-General; which the complicated elements that enter into its construction, making was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on the the care of a modern vessel of war very important as regards the Judiciary. feature of steam engineering. · One passes through compartment He also introduced a bill (S. 729) for the relief of the heirs of after compartment, and is almost lost in bewilderment in the Henry Herrman; which was read twice by its title, and referred mazes of the complicated machinery around him. It occurred to to the Committee on Claims. me t hat not enough attention has been paid to the per sonnel of Mr. GALLINGER introduced a bill (S. 730) granting an increase the Navy as respects steam engineering. Truly, the propelling of pension to Mrs. Helen Morrell Carroll; which was read twice by power is the soul of the ship. Without it the ship ean not be its title, and referred to the Committee on Pensions. handled and is totally useless. This power is under the super He also introduced a bill (S. 731) in amendment of an act en vision of the engineer officers. Therefore it is needful to have a titled "An act granting p ensions to soldiers and sailors who are high order of personnel, a larger number of officers, and those of incapacitated for the performance of manuallabor, and providing great attainments and proficiency. for pensions to widows, minor children, and dependent parents;" If I am correctly informed, steam. pow.er as applied to the pxo which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee pulsion of ships of the Navy has originated so recently as since on Pensions. the year 1845. At first it was so little used that the smokestack Mr. MORGAN introduced a bill (S. 732) toregulatetheissueand ~as telescoped up in sections for occasional use. This fact will recording of the commissions of officers in several of the Depart indicate its then comparative unimportance. Since those days ments; which was read twice by its title, and, with the accom steam power has gradually gained in iniportance until it has be panying paper, referred to the Conunittee on Foreign Relations. come the sole propelling power, and sails are now entirely dls- 1895. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 107 carded in the "new Navy.' This fact was distinctly recognized This branch of the service, as I have stated, should be popularized in the British navy when Capt. (now Rear-Admiral, retired) P. H. in every suitable way. Colomb, royal navy, said: Then, again, I believe that some of the duties of the officers of What we have to do in the navy is really to welcome the coming, speed the this Department should be changed. For example,_! ·think that parting fPiest. The parting guest is the seamanship of the past, that which the purchases of coal to be tested for use on our war vessels should confined Itself to the management of the ship under sail alone. The coming be made through the Bureau of Engineering and not throUgh the guest is steam, mechanism, and forces of all kinds other than the winds. Now, instead of frankly going out, shaking hands, and bidding good-bye to Bureau of Equipment and Recruiting. The engineers .know, or the parting guest. and wishing him well, and going down to the steps to meet can ascertain, what E:hould-be tried in the way of coal, and what the new one and bring him in, we are holding on to the coat tails of the old kinds of coal are best adapted to the service. On the Pacific Coast one, and trying to shake hands with the coming guest with the left hand, or we have had occasion to criticise severely the fact that our Ameri perhaps with only one finger. can vessels of war have not been using the coal of the United In 1891, Assistant Secretary Soley, of the Navy, said to the grad States, but have been going to British Columbia for then· coal, uating class at the United States Naval Academy: very much to the disgust of otil' own American people on that To-day the steel ship, carrying thirty or forty separate engines, cut up into coast. We believe that suitable appliances should be prepared for innumerable compartments, li~hted by electricity and as fine and compli using American coal. If th~re is any trouble on account of what . cated in its interior details as tne works of a watch, requires for its manage is called the forced draft or the too free burning of the coal, then ment a far more advanced training. appliances should be arranged and regulated to use American coal, What was true a few years ago is still more impressive to-day, so that when vessels find themselves engaged at some time possibly when we have one great battle ship in commission, another neal'ly in the future with a foreign foe they can obtain their coals in completed, other battle ships in process of construction, besides the United States, and those coals will be suitable to use in their several torpedo boats of the highest type now contracted for, and furnaces. Why should we wait the advent of war before we adapt twelve others of ·the latter class included in the estimates of the our war ships to the supplies obtainable in time of war? There Department for the next fiscal year. fore I think this question is one of vital importance. I want to In order to provide additional engineer officers, many years ago see not only the question of experimental tests, .but the whole ! think it was in the year 1879-there was a provision of law enacted question of coal pm·chases referred to the Bureau of Engineering. authorizing the President to appoint 25 of the officers of this Bureau If necessary, this Bureau can adapt their furnaces and appliances to give instruction in engineering and marine architecture in the to suit the coal to be obtained on anypartof our extensive coasts. colleges and schools of the land. The State University of Wash But I have no doubt that much depends upon proper tact and ington has recently made application for such an officer, and I management in the use of coals in the fast-burning furnaces. The learn that the request has been up to the present time refused or whole responsibility for this should be thrown upon the Bureau of not acted upon, on the ground that there are not enough officers Engineers, where it properly belongs. to enable a sufficient number to be detailed for such duty, and How ridiculous for our Navy to depend upon foreign coal when that there is actually only one such officer now so employed in there are vast supplies of American coal within easy reach, suit the United States. There is no doubt of the fact that the great able for steam purposes, as proved by long use and experience! engineering schools of our principal universities, such as Yale, Then, too, Mr. P1·esident, we have all the electrical appliances Harvard, Cornell, andmanyothersthat I might mention, have been to be cared for. The officers of the Bureau of Steam Engineering increased in usefulness by reason of the detail of officers of the now have the work of caring for those appliances, putting them Engineer Corps of the Navy. in repair; and I believe the whole subject of electrical apparatus We are building in thls country vessels that were unknown to should come under the Bureau of Engineering, reorganized as former times, and we need adepts in the art of engineering and proposed in this bill. In fact, the subject is one that should engage marine architecture. There is no way to obtain a suitable class the very early attention of the Senate. of men except by preparing them in the various educational I move that the bill be referred to the Committee· on Naval schools. Ships can be built, but men can not be built. When war Affairs, and trust we may receive a favorable and prompt report. comes, if it should come, unhappily, we will need proper men to The motion was agreed to. handle these great engines of war. The only way to have such men is to educate them in advance. I believe the provisions of INTRUDERS IN CHEROKE~ COUNTRY. the law of 1879 should be carried out, and that the schools and Mr. JONES of Arkansa-s introduced a joint resoh1tion (S. R.19) colleges of the land which apply for professors of steam engineer to authorize the Secretary of the Interior to suspend the removal ing and naval architecture should be accommodated by the detail of intruders from the Cherokee country until the further action of of officers for such purpose. But that is only one of the features Congress; which was read the :first time by its title. which contribute to the practical merit of this measure. . Mr. JONES of Arkansas. I ask for the present consideration of It is evident, too, that there is great danger of the breaking the joint resolution. Let it be read for information. down of those officers. They are employed in very difficult work. The joint resolution was read the second time at length, as To take care of all this valuable property.requires a highdegreeof follows: skill, and causes an immense strain upon the officers. It is well Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives, etc., That the Secre known that our battle ships cost about $4.,000,000 apiece, and they tary of the Interior is hereby authoriZed and directed to suspend action un are liable to have something out of order all the time. In fact, der the provisions of the act of Congress approved March 3, 1893 (27 Stats., one of the officers of this corps told me that there is usually some 641), ratifying the agreeJV:ent with the Cherokee Nation of December 19, 1891_, as to the actual removal from the Cherokee country of persons designatea thing out of order on a wa1· vessel all the time requiring the by the authorities as intruders until the appraisal of the value of the im attention of an expert. Oftentimes those officers have to submit provements of such persons shall have been completed and submitted to to very severe physical strains. They have to go down and work Congress by the Secretary of the Interior and until the further action of in the hold of the ship, where the temperature ranges from 150° to Congress. 170° Fahrenheit, and this causes great physical exhaustion. I The VICE-PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the present con believe that the number of engineer officers should be increased so sideration of the joint resolution introduced by the Senator from as to make provision for these breakdowns, and to enable a suffi Arkansas? cient number of officers to be employed on vessels to allow for There being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of the necessary changes in the supervisory watch. Whole, proceeded to consider the joint resolution. I am not undertaking to present this matter in full to-day. I Mr. HOAR. Has the joint resolution had the approbation, in wish merely to say enough to call the attention of the Senate to formally, of the members of the Committee on Indian Affairs? the subject. I believe that this branch of the service of the Navy Mr. JONES of Arkansas. It has been informally submitted to should be encouraged and dignified and rendered more attractive all the members of the committee who are present, so far as I and popular to the cadets and those naturally fitted to become know, and it meets the approval of all so far as I am informed. engineers, and for this and other reasons that the officers should Mr. GRAY. I hope the Senator from Arkansa-s will give us a be given positive rank and title, so that a mere officer of the deck, brief explanation of the object of the joint resolution. perhaps an ensign, can not control a commodore in the Bureau of Mr. JONES of Arkansas. In the last Indian appropriation act Engineering unless such officer shall be in command of the ship. there was a provision almost identical with the terms of the joint I think, too, that the manner of selecting cadets and filling vacan resolution. At the end of the provision a proviso was inserted, cies in the Engineer Corps should be changed so that Senators which I shall read, but I will read the whole paragraph: shall have the appointment of such cadets. Something must be The Secretary of the Interior is hereby authorized and directed to suspend done or the personnel of the engineering force in the Navy will action under the provisions of the act of Congress approved March 3, 1893, fall far below the proper standard. In fact, it may be considered (~ Stats., 641), ratifying the agreement with the Cherokee Nation of De relatively below it to-day, as shown by the report of the Naval cember 19, 1891, as to the actual removal from the Cherokee country of persons designated by the authorities as intruders until the appraisal of Committee in 1892. We have in commission in the Navy at this the value of the improvement.-, of such persons shall have been completed time 42 vessels, with 19 more vessels building, making in all 61. and approved by the Secretary of the Interior and submitted by him to It is useless to undertake to manage this vast interest without hav Congress, and the removal of such intruders shall not be made earlier than January 1, 1896: Provided, That whenever any intruder shall have been paid ing competent men, men thoro11ghly educated and prepared, and or tendered the appraised value of his improvements, if he does not imme a sufficient number of them to provide for the necessary changes. diately surrender possession of the same to the authorities of the Cherokeo 108 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEMBER 10, Nation he shall pay rent therefor at the rate usual in the country, but this ENFORCEMENT OF THE MONROE DOCTRINE. provision shall not be construed to extend the time for the removal of in truders according to the foregoing agreement beyond the 1st day of January, Mr. CULLOM. I ask that the joint resolution (S. R. 12) to en· 1.896. force the Monroe doctrine, which I introduced some days ago, and Under this provision it seemsto be absolutelynecessarythatthe which was laid on the table, may now be laid before the Senate. Secretary of the Interior shall remove these people from the Chero The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Chair lays before the Senate the kee country between now and the 1st day of January, 1896. Con joint resolution referred to by the Senator from illinois, which will gress appointed a commission during its last session,-generally be read. known as the Dawes Commission, which was sent among those The Secretary read the joint resolution, as follows: people, and was empowered to arrange with them for a-settlement Resolved, .etc. .; That the policy proclaimed by President Monroe in his mes of the questions that are pending. The Commission recommends sage of Decemoer 2, 1823, and smce known as the Monroe doctrine, is by prece certain action by Congress. I have the report of the Commission dent and tradition the recognized rightful policy of the United States, and that this Government will regard the establishment by any European J?OWer before me, and it is very clear and distinct in its recommendations. of any new colonial dependency, or of any protectorate over any existmg or This joint resolution simply provides for the maintenance of the future government, or the extension of any territorial possession, or the con condition of things existing now as to the people called intruders trol or ownership of any interoceanic canal on the continent of America as a until Congress shall take whatever action it chooses to take under dangerous menace to the welfare and prosperity of the United States. the recommendation of the Dawes Commission. There are sev Mr. CULLOM. After I shall have made the remarks which I eral thousand people who are claimed by the Cherokees to be in propose to submit on the joint resolution, unless some other Senator truders, who claim on their part that they are citizens under the desires to address himself to the subject, I shall ask that the joint laws of the country,and the object is simplytoprevent any action resolution be referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. from being taken for the present until these questions are settled Mr. President, the United States is not a government of con· under the law that is to be passed by Congre~s. quest or of usurpation. Our country is not a country of wars and Mr. SHERMAN. I shouldlike to have the joint resolution read warfare. O~r people are not bred to the business of human again. slaughter, nor educated in the·trade of blood. Our fathers taught The Secretary again read the joint resolution. us that the empire of happiness was not to be reached by grasp· The joint resolution was reported to the Senate without amend ing the territory of our neighbors, but rather that the peace and ment, ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third prosperity of our country and the highest enjoyment of our people time, and passed. · would be found in wisely caring for the magnificent inheritance THE INDIAN TERRITORY. which they transmitted to us. The title deeds to this vast estate came to us hallowed by the immortal farewell of Washington, . Mr. PLATT. I introduce a jointresolutionforreferenceevent and by the utterances of Jefferson and Madison, Adams and ually to the Committee on Indian Affairs, but I desire that it shall Monroe. be printed and lie on the table, as some Senators have suggested We find ourselves in possession of a land the greatest and best to me that they would like to make some remarks upon it before upon the earth; a dominion of which King Solomon in all his its reference, and perhaps I myself may desire to do so. glory never dreamed. Those of us who are "native and to the . The joint resolution (S. R. 20) concerning the condition of the manner born" love our country and our institutions with un Indian Territory as regards population, occupation of land, etc., bounded devotion; while our brothers from other lands who have ·was read the first time by its title and the second time at length, joined in citizenship with us here emulate the best of us in as follows: patriotism and Americanism. Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of To what purpose have we reached this high degree in the prog America in Cong1·ess assem,bled, That the condition of the Indian Territory as regards population, occupation of laJ:!d, and the absence of adequate gov ress of nations? Shall we see to it that our future shall advance ernment for the security of life and_property has so changed since the making as our past has done; that we take no step backward, but still of treaties with the Five Civilized Tribes that the United States is no lon~er keep up the march of the Republic? under either legal or moral obligation to guarantee or permit tribal Indian If we would do this in this world of competition and strife, and government in said.Territory, and should at once take such steps as may :t>e. necessary to protect the rights and liberties of all the inhabitants of said maintain our national honor, with our territo rial unity and in teg territories. rity, we must have some affirmative, distinctive idea or policy of The VICE-PRESIDENT. The joint resolution will lie on the such simple and unquestioned propriety that it shall receive the table. universal sanction of our people. It must possess such elements STATUE. OF GENERAL SIDELDS. of right and justice in itself and bear such interpretation in the relation it shall declare between the United States and other na Mr. CULLOM submitted the following concurrent resolution; tions that no serious objection can lie against it. By the adoption which was read: of such. a policy, and its public declaration by the Congress of the Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives concurring), That there United States, we ennoble what we all substantially approve as be printed and bOlmd in one volume. the proceedingos in Co~ess upon the acceptance of the statue of James Shields, 16,500 copies, of which 5,000 copies the Monroe doctrine;and it becomes at once and forever thereafter shall be for the use of the Senate and 10,000 for the use of the House of Repre the American doctrine. It becomes, indeed, the utterance of the sentatives, and 500each for use and distribution by the governors of Illinois, American people, as supreme and sacred in its authority as that Minnesota, and Missouri, and the Secretary of the Treasury is hereby directed other declaration, headed by John Hancock, which in 1776, in the to have printed an engraving of said statue to accomJ?any said proceedings, ' said engraving to be paid for out of the appropriatiOn for the Bureau of name and by the authority of the good people of the colonies, sol Engraving and Printing. • emnly published and declared ''that these united colonies are, and Mr. CULLOM. I suppose the resolution necessarily goes to the of right ought to be, free and independent States." · Committee on Printing. . Mr. President, in my judgment, in view of the history of the The VICE-PRESIDENT. Under the rule it must be so re- past, in view of the position which the United States maintains ferred. . .· . among the nations of the earth; and in close view of. the cur Mr. HARRIS. I rose for the purpose of asking the Senator if it rent events which bear upon our welfare and upon the peace must not under the law go to the Committee on Printing. of· the world, we can not longer delay the proclamation of the Mr. CULLOM. I so understand it. American policy, long known as the Monroe doctrine, without The VICE-PRESIDENT. The resolution will be referred to trifling with the interests which ar& committed to our charge. the Committee on Printing. · This much is due to ourselves, that by no laches on our part can it be truly said that we are too long sleeping upon our just rights. ARMENIAN OUTRAGES. And this, too, is due to Em·ope, that the Governments of the Old Mr. CALL submitted the following concurrent resolution; World may know that 75,000,000 American citizens, speaking through their representatives in Congress, are a unit in maintaining which was read: the American doctrine of James Monroe; and it is also due to the Resolved 'by the Senate (the HCYtt,Se of Representatives concurring), That hu manity and religion and the principleson which all civilization rests demand independent Governments of the other America lying to the south that the civilized Governments shall by peaceful negotiations, or if necessary of us, whose tenure of existence pmctically depends upon the hon by force of arms, prevent and suppress the crnelti~s and massacres inflicted esty of the United States in sustaining the doctrine of the message on the Armenian subjects of Turkey by the establishment of a government of their own people, with such guaranties by the civilized powers of its au of 1823. ' thority and permanence as shall be adequate to that end. · Mr. President, it may be said that the Monroe doctrine already stands in force as a recognized part of our American policy. That Mr. CALL. I ask that the resolution may lie on the table for is only true in a limited and qualified sense. It is a rule for the the present, and that it be printed. · Executive, for the President of the United States, until he shall see The VICE-PRESIDENT. The resolution will lie on the table tit, because of his own belief, to change it. :Any President may and be printed. abrogate or countermand it. We have already had two illustra HOUSE BILL REFERRED. tions of this. Mr. Calhoun, who was a member of the Cabinet of The bill (H. R. 803) to amend section 2601 of the Revised Statutes, President Monroe when the message was prepared, and who was relative to ports of entry, was read twice by its title. afterwards in the Senate, took occasion, twenty-five years later, to Mr. CULLOM. I ask that the bill may lie on the table for the greatly qualify, if not to entirely deny, the accepted meaning of present, so that I may call it up later and have it considered. the message of President Monroe. 1895. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-~ SENATE. · 109 And stilllat.er, John M. Clayton, Secretary of State under Presi southern border. is almost endless; yet other nations seem not to dent Taylor, inmakingwhatwascalled theClayton-Bulwertreaty, regard it as having any force in guiding the conduct of the Gov consented to the use of such uncertain language that, very soon ernment,· and hence they proceed to the accomplishment of their after it was Tatified, Great· Britain laid claim of dominion over purposes without much reference to it. certain of the territory which was covered by the treaty, and it In my judgment, the time has come when the nation should put required ten years of diplomatic negotiation before the United the question beyond cavil; the time has come when the nation, by States fnlly r egained what had been endangered by the action of its Congress, should declare the doctrine which has been so often tha Taylor Administration. declared by its Chief Executives and other representative men; the I m aintain, Mr. President, that this Government can notafford time has come when"'llore positive language should be used than to permit any uncertain or equivocal construction to be possible the old and oft-repeated declaration that "this Government can upon so important a subject. The Monroe doctrine is the motto not view with indjfference attempts of Em·opean Governments to which should be indelibly engraved upon theportalsofthe Depart colonize either in North, South, o1· Central America." ment of State. Instead of 1·emaining as an edict of the Executive, The nation has. played diplomacy long enough, and without it should bear the definite approval of Congress and become a much effect. Great Britain has been disregarding polite requel'?ts, fixed and permanent ordinance, giving notice to all the world protests, arguments, and suggestions that we can not "look that the United States will notviewwithfavortheerectionof any with indifference" upon her policy to reach out farther until she, more European colonies on these continents, nor anyextension of if let alone, will finally dominate Venezuela, and what else I am the European political system upon this hemisphere, nor any not now prepared to say. The time has come for a plain, posi European interposition in the affairs of the Spanish-American tive dechiration of the Monroe doctrine by Congress, and Republics. then, if necessary, plain, positive enforcement of it against all ·Mr. President, it has been seventy-two years since President comers. Monroe, in his message to the Congress of the United States, de Whatever European rights existed on this hemisphere in our clared the doctrine that- early history as to ownership of territory must not be disputed. This Government would consider any attempt on the part of European If there is dispute between nations as to boundary lines as they powera t o extend t heir systel? to 11:ny portion <;>f _t~s he~i s phere as danger were, then let those lines be agreed upon by arbitration or in ous to our peace and safety ,. * " and that 1t IS rmposs1ble that we should behold such interposition in any form with indifference. some way be fairly and honestly determined. The United States does not seek war with ~Y nation, small or great. The days of It has been a little longer since Mr. Canning, representing the wars between civilized nations are passed, certainly in relation to British Government, in writing to Mr. Rush, the American min ordinary matters of dispute. We do not attempt to interfere in ister at the Court of St. James, expressed a desire that Great matters touching interests or controversies in European coun Britain and the United States should come to an understanding tries, and we do not intend that European powers shall interfere with each other that they would oppose any attempt by European in political affairs in this Western Continent. powers to reduce or subjugate the Spanish-American colonies, or In the personal diary of John Quincy Adams, written when he any part of them, by cession or conquest. The suggestion of the was Secretary of State in President Monroe's Cabinet, he relates representative of the British Government looking to the recogni the particulars of a visit to him from Baron Tuyl, the Russian tion of the Spanish colonies in South and Central America more minister to this country. The question then at issue between the than seventy-two years ago, and suggesting that his Gover~ent United States, Great Britain, and Russia was as to the title to the and the Onited States Government should stand together agamst Northwestern Territory of North America, lying northward of the interference by the Alliance or other European power with the mouth of the Columbia River. Mr. Adams says (July 17, 1823): Spanish-American colonies, was followed soon thereafter by the I told him (Baron Tuyl) specially that we would contest the right of Russia proclamation of President 1\Ionroe. I desire to say, Mr. Presi to any territorial establishment on this continent, and that we would assume dent, that the history of the country and of those times comes distinctly the principle that the American continents are no longer subjects very n ear susta.ining the proposition that the represent~tive of for any new European colonial establishments. the British Government was the first man to suggest to this coun Charles Francis Adams says this is the first hint of the policy try the doctrine, to which the American people have adhered ever so well known afterwards .as the Monroe doctrine. A few days since, called the Monroe doctrine. The Government has not stood before this, however, Secretary Adams, in a letter to Mr. Rush, hy it with that const ancy and force due alike to the people and our minister to Great Britain, had said, in speaking of the inde the dignity of the nation. There has been a degree of weaB;ness pendent nations of South America and Mexico: and vacillation at times which have been observed by other nations, The American continents henceforth will no lon~er be subject to coloniza- and a consequent manifestation of disregard of what has long been tion. And the Pacific Ocean, in every part of it, will remain open to the navi known as the position of the United States. . gation of all nations, in like manner with the Atlantic. · The Clayton-Bulwer treaty, entered into between the United The reason for this assertion of the American position is found States and Great Britain in relation to a canal between the Atlan in the fact that Spain, supported by the Holy Alliance of European tic and Pacific oceans by way of the River SanJuan de Nicaragua, nations, was taking preliminary steps to regain by force her for etc., contained provisions which were in contravention of the Mon- · mer colonial possessions in South America and Mexico. ' All these roe doctrine, and which were repudiated by the Government since. colonies had cut loose from Spanish control, and all of them had Mr. Blaine, while- Secretary of State under Presidents Garfield organized independent Governments for themselves. This· was and Arthur, in his instructions to Mr. Lowell, our minister to the existing situation, and the United Stalies, through President Great Britain, sets forth with great force and clearness the par Monroe and Secretary John Quincy Adams, announced as its ticulars in which the treaty should be modified. He discussed the policy that no more European colonization would be permitted on treaty as it applied to the rights of parties co~nected with the pro this hemic:;phere. To understand how serious and important to posed canal, but the suggestions applied with equal force to the us and to the people of both North and South America this ulti sotmdness of the Monroe doctrine as relating to the acquisition of matum was, I will state the nature of the Holy Alliance, which territory on this hemisphere by Europe;tn powers. had offered support to Spain in her design to again oveiTun Mr. Frelinghuysen, our Secretary of State when Lord Granville America. favored the assumption of joint control or a protectorate by sev The Holy Alliance was a league concluded at Paris in 1815 be eral powers in case a canal should be constructed across the Isth tween the sovereigns of Russia, Austria, and Prussia, signed per mus, said in a letter to· the Brjtish minister. that the President sonally with their own hands without the intervention of their would not consent to or look with indifference upon such an in ministers. It was really a league or compact to maintain th& tervention in American affairs; that such a protectorate by. Euro power and influence of their existing dynasties, although they pean nations over the Isthmus transit would be in conflict with made pretension of other reasons. It was presented for accept the American doctrine many years asserted by distinguished citi ance to nearly all European powers. All accepted it except Great zens, believed in by the people, an.d approved by Great Britain, Britain. The strong opposition of the Duke of Wellington pre and that- vented its adoption by the British Government. That power had A protectorate over the proposed canal would ser:i~usly affect and threaten conquered and banished Napoleon, and, fresh from victory, they our political interests. felt equal to any emergency without invoking the aid of European Mr. President, John Quincy Adams, in his letter to Mr. Middle allies. ton, July 23,1823, in his usual direct and vigorous manner said, Among the curious and interesting facts of history is the part that- taken by Great Britain then, as compared with her position now. England was then as now the great commercial power of the world, The future peace of the world and the interests of Russia herself can not be promoted by Russian settlements upon any part of the American. continent. while Spain had degenerated to a second or third class power. With the exception of the British establishments north of the Uillted States, England was building up a very profitable commerce with the in the remainder of the American continents must henceforth be left to the man dependent States in South America which she did not wish inter agement of American hands. fered with by Spain or the Holy Alliance. So the British premier, · The literature in support of the Monroe doctrine, as applied to Mr. Canning, proposed tha.t~the United States and Great Britain the territory on this hemisphere and to interoceanic canals on our should join in a public declaration opposing the policy of the alli- 110 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DEOE~fBER 10, ance in regard to American affairs, which I have already referred It has been the history of the monarchical COlmtries of Europe to, and asserting that the two countries would not view with in for very many years that they have run races with each other in the difference any foreign intervention in the affairs of Spanish capture and dismemberment of the smaller governments of the American governments. The American minister, Mr. Rush, con world. They have reduced many of these to the condition of sented to join in the arrangement provided England would ac mere satrapies, called colonies, wholly subordinate to their Euro knowledge the independence of these newly formed Republics: but pean conquerors. The history of these outrageous acts of nearly the negotiations went no further. The English Government, how every Em·opean power of consequence is but a repetition, time ever, through Mr. Canning, infoTmed France that. Great Britain after time, of the story of usurpation, tyranny, and bloodshed. A would not permit any European interventio:a in Spanish-Ameri pretext is made, the inhabitants are driven off or enslaved, peace can affairs, whereupon France disavowed any intention of so in fully if possible, but with fire and sword if necessary; the coun terfering; Prince Polignac stating that it was utterly hopeless to try is occupied, and its whole material capabilities are made trib reduce Spanish-America to the state of its former relations with utary to the conquering nation. Taxe!3, duties, and imposts of Spa.in. the utmost severity are collected from the helpless inhabitants, and Here was a practical announcement by England equivalent in thenceforward there is no more consideration shown toward the meaning and almost in terms with the Monroe doctrine as pro colony than the lion shows the lamb. claimed by President Monroe a few weeks after, and with it a The only compassion or relenting which is ever manife ted is practical acquiel'cence by France, almost simultaneously. that which will encourage the suffering people to produce a President Monroe addressed letters to the venerable ex-Presi greater revenue· for their masters. A hundred and twenty years dents, Jefferson and Madison, asking their views and advice in ago that was the relation this country held toward the British regard to the situation which then confronted the Administration. Crown. Our people, our immediate ancestors, in their trade and Thomas Jefferson, at 80 years of age, writing from his retirement manufactures, were as completely subjugated by the laws of at Monticello in reply to President Monroe, on June 11, 1823, ex England, enforced by the war power, as if they were suffering pressed much i.J?.dignation at the course of Spain and her European imprisonment under the penal statutes. The commercial and allies in trying to dictate to the independent States of Southern manufacturing interests of the United States, or rather of the and Centi·al America as to their form of government. The Holy colonies, as they were known prior to our Revolution, were wholly Alliance did not include Great Britain- and absolutely at the mercy of the English Parliament. But~ In 1699 it was enacted by the Parliament- Said Jefferson- That no wool yarn or woolen manufactures of the American plantations its presumption in dictating to an independent nation the form of its gov sball.be shipped thence, or even laden, in order to be transported, on any pre ernment is so arrogant, so atrocious, that indignation, as well as moral senti tense whatever. ment, enlists all our partialities and prayers in favor of one and our equal In 1719 Parliament declared- execrations against the other. I had ever deemed it fundamental for the United States never to take active part in the quarrels of Euro:pe. Their The erecting of manufactories in the colonies tends to lessen their depen politica.l interests are entirely distinct from ours. Their mutual Jealousies, dence upon Great Britain. their balance of power, their complicat.ed alliances, their form and principles of government are all foreign to us. They are nations of eternal war. All In 1742 the British Board of Trade reported to Parliament that their energies are expended in the destruction of labor, property, and lives the Americans ?-ad begun to manufacture paper, which they said- of their people. Interferes with the profits made _by the British merchants. Again, on October 24, 1823,- Mr. Jefferson, in reply to a letter from President Monroe, uses the following most courageous and Parliament instituted an inquiry, through the colonial govern impressive language: · ors, in relation to the progress of American manufactures, which DEAR Sm: The question presented by the letter you have sent me is resulted in showing that leather, a little poor iron, and cloths for the most momentous which has ever been offered to my contemplation since domestic purposes were· manufactured, all of which was con that of independence. That made us a nation; this sets our compass and sidered to be- points the course which we are to steer through the ocean of time opening upon us. And never could we embark upon it under circumstances more Prejudicial to the trade and manufactories of Great Britain. auspicious. Our first and fundamental maxim should be, never to enta.ngle ourselves in In response to this same board of trade, Parliament had already, the broils of Europe. Our second, never to suffer Europe t;o intermeddle in 1732, prohibited the exportation from the colonies of such articles with cisatlantic affairs. America, North and South, has a set of interests distinct from those of Europe, and peculiarly her own. She should there of manufacture as interfered with like articles produced in Eng fore have a system of her own, separate and apart from that of Europe. land. In 1750 Parliament prohibited the erection of mills for roll While the last is laboring to become the domicile of despotism, our endeavor ing iron in the colonies, and also the making of steel, and if any should surely be to make our hemis.:phere that of freedom. One nation, most of all, could disturb us in this pnrsmt; she now offers to lead, aid, and accom such mills were found erected in any part of the colonies, the co pany us in it. Great Britain is the nation which can do us the most harm of lonial governors were required to treat them as nuisances, and to any one, or all, on earth; and with her on our side we need not fear the whole destroy them under severe penalties for disobedience. The navi world. gation laws prohibited the exportation of articles of colonial man Mr. Monroe's message of December 2, 1823, is as follows: ufacture, and forbade any foreign commodity imported except in The citizens of the United States cherish sentiments the most friendly in English ships. favor of the liberty and happiness of their fellow-men on the other side of the Among the numerous complaints against Great Britain recited Atlantic. In the wars of the European powers in matters relating to them selves we have never taken any part, nor does it comport with our policy so in our Declaration of Independence is this: "For cutting off our to do. It is only when om· rights are invaded or seriously menaced that we trade withallpartsof the world." And the same policy of repres resent injuries or make preparation for our defense. With the movements sion and subjugation has always been pursued by all the great on this hemisphere we are of necessity more intimately connected, and by causes which must be obvious to all enlightened and impartial observers. nations toward their colonies. The political system of the allied .:{>2Wers is essentially different in this re The action of England toward the American colonies was the spect from that of America. This difference proceeds from that which exists same as that of Spain, France, Holland, Denmark, and other Euro in their respective Governments. And to the defense of our own, which has been achiev-ed by the loss of so much blood and treasure and matured by the pean countries toward their colonial possessions. These remote wisdom of their most enlightened citizens, and under which we have enjoyed colonies made subordinate to the home governments are the fields unexampled felicity, this whole nation is devoted. We owe it, therefore, to whence the revenues of the nations are collected, and where every candor and to the amicable relations existing between the United States and those powers to declare that we should consider any attempt on their part sort of deviceis resorted to to keepthepeopledown,thatthehome to extend their system to any :portion of this hemisphere as dange1·ous to interests may be benefited. our peace and safety. With eXIBting colonies or dependencies of any Euro The United States is the first great nation which has declined to pean power we have not interfered, and shall not interfere. But with the establish any sort of protectorate or to maintain distant colonies. Governments who have declared their independence we have on great con "sideration and on just principles acknowledged we could not view any inter This is the first nation to follow a policy of absolute noninter position for the pm·pose of oppressing them or controlling in any other ference in the affairs of the other hemisphere. Whatever Euro manner their destiny by any European power in any other light thAn as a pean countries may do toward each other we leave to them to manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States. arrange among themselves. We draw the line exactly where it I can not do bette1· than to present here the eloquent words of existed at the time when President Monroe made his memorable Daniel Webster. Referring to this important state paper, inApril, declaration, and where we believe it should remain. We have no 1826, Mr. Webster, in the House of Representatives, said: concern with foreign usurpations in Europe, or in any of the coun I look on the message of Decem~er, 1823, a:; forming a bri~htpageinour his tries of the Eastern Hemisphere, where the welfare of the United tory. I will neither help to erase 1tor t ear 1tout; norshall1t be by any act of States is riot immediately affected. But we can not permit that mine blurred or blotted. It did honor to the sagaeity of the Government, and I will not diminish that honor. It elevat~d the hoJ?eS and ~ratified the patriot the possessions of the independent Governments of America, either ism of the people. Over those hopes I will not brmg a mildew; nor will I put North or South, shall, either by negotiation or conquest, become that gratified patriotism to shame. subject to European domination. We should definitely proclaim, Among the many considerations to which it is but just to refer, what we have by Executive authority announced, that any such not the least important is the penchant of each of the great powers act wi11 be regarded as endangeling our system and thl'eatening of Europe for the occupation and absorption of the territory of our just supremacy upon the Western Hemisphere. weak foreign nations whose productions are of importance to the The experiment of a republican form of government, now in its trade and commerce of the great powers. · second century~ is entitled to have, and should have on this conti· 1895. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. Ill nent, its full development and operation. The American Repub shut our eyes to the sad and miserable history of deceit, dishonesty, lic, as the pioneer, and as the typical Government, in which the and duplicity which characterized so many of their predecessors people are the real and ultimate sovereigns, is entitled to the right during the hundred and more years of our national existence. We to protect itself as against encroachments of adverse and foreign can not consent to leave open, even to the slightest possibility of powers in such way as is reasonable and just. misconception, the position of the United States. We cannot allow What authority entitles European nations to such a colonial that any European country, under the pretense of aggrandizing foothold on our borders? They have planted their flags on all the its citizens for alleged losses in speculative enterprises in the . scattering islands and in nearly every spot on earth where they territories of the struggling States of South America, shall could monopolize trade or control the strategic advantages of lo obtain an unrighteous sovereignty over any additional .American cation for their own interests. But it is our duty to be always soil. ready to meet any and all attempts they may make to approach I might read extracts by the hour from men like ex-President unpleasantly near the established danger line. We offer no ob Polk, Mr. Cass, who was Secretary of State under Mr. Buchanan, struction to their proper use of any transcontinental channel and perhaps a hundred others, avowing the same doctrine in those which may be constructed, but the control and sovereignty of days. Neither will the United States allow that, by diplomatic such highway can never be held by any foreign power. Prior to manipulation, with or without the concurrence of any weak South 1823 certain rights had accrued to foreign powers and dominion American government , any additional territory shall, by the as had been exercised by .them over certain tenitory on our borders, sumption of a disputed boundary line, ever become tributary but since that time we have not consented to any extension of to, or a part of, any European sovereignty. - such dominion. We have reached the time when it becomes our In addition to the urgent desire of Mr. Canning, as foreign sec bounuen duty to say to the world, with dignity and firmness, that retary of England, that the United States should join England in thus far, but no farther, shall foreign systems of government be an alliance for the compelling of a policy of noninterference by permitted to approach. Our policy is the American policy, our Europe with American territory, we have the eloquent words of doctrine is the protection of American interests, and our motto is another great English statesman in Parliament. Mr. Brougham, "America for Americans." afterwards Lord Brougham, said: • We do not claun that the world is ours, but w,e will insist on The question with regard to South America is now disposed of, or nearly so, our right to be consulted upon affairs pertaining to the American for an event has recently happened than which no event has dispersed continents. We do not, like Don Quixote, go prancing about the greater joy, exultation, and gratitude over a.ll the freemen of Europej that event, which is decisive of the subject in respect to South America, IS the world looking for adventures or seeking for some imprisoned message of the President of the United States to the Congress. princess or struggling nation to set free, but we acknowledge kinship in a degree with all the Republics of America, whose What was it? It was that there should not be any foreign inter independence, like ours, has long since been acknowledged and ference with the political condition of the South American and recognized by the powers of Europe. The United States can not Central American countries. And I may repeat here that France sit indifferently by when the territorial integrity of any of these also, in view of the possibility that Spanish aggrandizement in neighboring countries is questioned by a foreign nation. We America might disarrange the balance of power in Europe, was shall always be awake to any such attempt, and it is our business prompt to admit that the question was practically settled by the to see to it that their possessions are not curtailed materially from message of President Monroe. the just line established years ago by treaty stipulations. Any Of course there is little doubt that the policy then proposed to thing short of this derogates from our dignity and tends to weaken us by England was wholly due to the selfish wish that no other the influence which the United States, as the mistress of the European power than Great Britain should possess colonial pos Western World, should maintain in American affairs. sessions in America, but, nevertheless, the doctrine she advocated I desire to submit to the Senate a further reason (if any further then is pertinent and proper for us now when it has a direct appli reason be needed) why the United States should no longer delay cation to the present situation. in announcing and p1·oclaiming to the world by an authoritative So long as the United States continues to maintain the salutary statement from the legislative branch of the Government of its policy of noninterference with the complications and difficulties entire concurrence in the exposition of the American policy so of Europe, and steadfastly adheres to her wise and just support of clearly set forth by James Monroe. That reason is to be found in the Monroe doctrine, permitting no foreign nation to obtain addi the expressions of the press and the public men of England in re tional foothold upon either North or South America, we shall have cent times. I quote from a cable telegram from London, dated the undivided support of our people and demand the respect of November 15, 1895, as it appears in the Post of this city on that the world. The moment we waver and weaken in our position, date: that moment we invite trouble. The announcement of President Monroe has sufficed until now as a beacon upon our course, but it William T. Stead, editor of the Review of Reviews, having seen the interview with Senator LODGE, replied at length to the statements made. England, he is now fully time for the representatives of the people to provide said, would never consent to any veto being placed on the freest possible against danger by unmistakable action. Let us put ourselves in expansion of the Pacific Ocean trade and settlements and the colonization of a position so that we can say, like Percy- the Western World. He insisted that it would be absurd to submit the Ven ezuelan question to arbitration, especially with the example of the termina Out of the nettle, danger, we can pluck the flower, safety. tion of the A labam a claims as an object lesson. In conclusion, he said he rec ogniZE:>d the fact that the Americans were quite in a frame of mind to invent Let us build so strongly and speak so plainly that the way of new doctrines if they found that the Monroe doctrine did not apply to Venezuela. the future Executives, prime ministers, and ambassadors of our Editorially discussing the interview with HENRY CABOT LODGE on the country shall be undoubted. Let it be so clear that no statesman Monroe doctrine. the London Chronicle says: of the future can find, as Mr. Calhoun did in the Senate, any "Mr. Chamberlain, secretary of state for the colonies, is not likely to ingenious theory to weaken its force and value. Let it be so cer attempt to play the role of Napoleon of Venezuela. Unless the United States tain and emphatic that no Secretary of State can hereafter become formally proclaims a protectorate over all of the South American Republics, we are bound to protect our citizens. Failing the establishment of such a a willing party to a treaty yielding a share of the control and protectorate, we do not see how loose policies like those of the Monroe doc supervision of any interoceanic canal to any European country, trine can stop us from protecting the lives a.nd property of English people in as in the Clayton-Bulwer treaty. And let it be so straight and the New World.. " practical that no American ambassador to the British court shall There are Governments there, and those Governments can prob feel at liberty to question the policy of his own Government or, ably protect their citizens without any protectorate being thrown possibly, to apologize for the Declaration of Independence and over them by the British Government or any other European the Monroe doctrine of 1823. power. Is it either politic or right that the press of Great Britain Mr. President, I desire now to call attention to one of the striking or of any other European country shall have any excuse for so facts of the situation which confronts the United States. Proba determining or interpreting what the American policy is and what bly very few of us have given careful attention to the vast extent it means? of the European dominion upon this hemisphere. We may have The people of the UnitedStateshavealready, so far as the Execu casually understood, as a fact of some significance, that the area tive could determine it, plainly proclaimed the Monroe doctrine. of the United States, including Alaska, approximates 3,600,000 All that is now demanded is the proclamation of the solemn and square miles, but have we at the same time understood that the deliberate concurrence of the Congress of the United States to Dominion of Canada contains a total area of about 3,400,000 square make it apparent to every European nation what are the will and miles? · , ' temper of the American people. The voice of the UnitedStates so Now, if we add to this the area of British Guiana, British Hon expressed will be as potent to settle the matter for future time as duras, Bermuda, and the British West India Islands, 130,000 if it were thundered from the top of Sinai; and whether or not square miles more, it will give a total of 3,530,000 square miles of this Congress passes a declaration proclaiming what the Monroe territory over which the Brit1sh flag :floats upon this hemisphere. doctrine is, the people of the United States will demand its enforce If we had not purchased Alaska a few years ago, and added ment as they understand it. thereby a half million square miles to our domain, we should now Conceding to the diplomatic authorities of all European coun fall many thousands of square miles short of the British posses· tries at this day a due regard for honesty and propriety, we can not sions in America. 112 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEl\IBER 1 o, H would be useless for me to attempt to detail to you the thou legislators of the United States to be on the alert for every indi sand ways in which this close p;roximity of so vast an area of cation of the growing power and increasing significance of every British territory affects our national well-being. Our entire foreign nation whose future situation may benefit or injure our northern boundary from Puget Sound to the Gulf of St. Law own country. We should conduct our foreign affaii·s so justly, rence bears the insignia of the British lion, and over the hundreds and with such reference to the progress of the world, that surprises of islands which compose the West Indian Archipelago the Brit will not affect us and that the troubles of other countr_ies will pass ish flag is flying. Not a sail of American commerce enters the us by. Gulf of Mexico except by the tacit consent of foreign powers. In this connection, I desire to call the attention of the Senate to With our 65,000,000 people, and their vigorous self-assertion, a conversation which I see quoted here as having taken place in there has been no danger that such consent would be withheld. China between Mr. Curtis, a very able correspondent, and Mr. Li Any foreign embargo upo:::t our free approach to the Mexican Gulf Hung Chang. Speaking to Mr. CuTtis about this Government, would be a blow which would recoil with deadly and terrific force Li Hung Chang said: upon those who attempted it. Its recoil would not stop with the Your Government and your people are very unwi<>e, if they are not think naked assertion of the Monroe doctrine, but an American policy ing of such things- • would develop into an imperial but honorable command of Referring to our naked condition of preparation for war American affairs. particularly sinee the events that have occurred in China during the last Look at the map. Between Canada and the United States there year. The Japanese are a very aggres<>ive people. They are a warlike exists but an imaginary boundary line. over which a mere step p eople. They like to fight, and they are proud and arrogant. They do not takes us in a moment from a republic to a monarchy. Between care for the United States except as a m arket for their silk and t ea , and if the Bahama Islands and the State of Florida a sail of only four or your Government ever interferes with their plans, either at home or in the Sandwich Islands, you will find that their friendship is only a pretense they five hours covers the distance. One can almost see the British keep up to encourage your trade. If President Cleveland had responded to flag from southern Florida. It floats over numbers of the smaller my appeal for intervention during the late war, Japan would have sent her islands and coral reefs and keys a few miles away from Key West. army and h er ships from our harbors over to your country and would have A cordon of islands under foreign control swings all the way round taken possession of your Pacific States. from a point 50 or 60 miles off Florida nearly to British Guiana, Mr. Curtis says he tried to explain the situation to Li Hung on the South American coast. Chang, but "the Viceroy sneered in a contemptuous manner," But I started to present the striking fact that a great foreign and said: power already possessed, at our very borders, a territorial area Japan has an army of over 200,000 soldiers, and the best guns in the world. nearly equal to ours. No matter whether that power is warlike or I suppose he realized that from China's experience in the late peaceful, it is here. Its presence is an actual fact, and our expe war. rience with it in the past has been, that so long as we could com She has a larger and better fleet of warships than the United States. She mand peace we could have peace. So long as we were able to has ten times a.s many torpedo boats as your Government, and her saHors protect our own interests, commercial and political, against ad know how to use them, while your sailors do not. You have only five ships on the Pacific Coast, wit h a coast line of 3,000 miles to protect, and several verse domination, so long those interests would continue and populous and wealthy cities that have no defenses whatever. You have no prosper. forts at San Francisco that could keep out the weakest gunboat in the navy All our diplomatic intercourse with the Government of Great of Japan, and a single ship of the Japanese navy could desti·oy every city on Britain during the years in which we have been at peace has nec Puget Sound without the slightest difficulty in a week. essarily been characterized by constant watchfulness upon our I refer to the interview, not that I indorse what Li Hung Chang part. At no time could we permit loose or unmeaning language says, but merely to call attention to the fact, known to everybody, in our diplomatic correspondence lest it should be taken advantage that on the Pacific Coast we are not prepared for defense against of. And for a good many years the nations of the world have been hostile fleets; and I may say that the situation on om· Atlantic chary about leaving any unoccupied territory, or any scattering Seaboard is not much better. islands, unprotected overnight, for fear the morning would find The growing indust1ial power of England in America is of quite them under the paw of the British lion. The United States does as great significance to us as her territorial expansion. The rail not covet what possessions England may have, and we have no ways of Canada, aided and sustained by government appropria desii·e to establish a protectorate over any others, but we are bound tions, have stimulated every branch of enterprise in that Dominion. to insist that the status quo of 1823 shall be held inviolate in so far The competition which has followed between Canada and the as the territorial limits of European establishments on this side of United States in regard to various great commercial and indus the Atlantic are concerned. trial undertakings has not been a subject of wholly unalloyed This Government has already indicated that the control of Cuba gratification to our people. It remains for us, as representatives by any other European power than Spain would be re~arded as .in of the people of the United States, to decide whether the great imical to our own welfare, and that the only alternative to wh1ch territory of Canada, with its sister colonies innumerable in the Americans would consent would be the absorption of Cuba by the West Indies and elsewhere surrounding and guarding our own ap United States. This policy regarding Cuba is probably well under proaches to the Gulf of Mexico and to the delta of the Mississippi, stood by the world, and it is, in fact, nothing more than a reite-r:a shall be deemed as demanding any further assertion of our own tion of the Monroe doctrine, as applied to conditions but slightly policy. To my mind, the point has been reached and passed when modified. The policy of the United States regarding Russian ter doubt should exist as to the complete maintenance of the Monroe ritory in America, as has been shown, was determined many years doctrine, broadly construed. Not only so, but the rapidly ap"' ago, and that was merely another expression of the Monroe doc proaching and pressing question is to be, and is now, what addi trine as adapted to the then existing conditions. tional declaration and assertion is demanded as a logical step in How much more important and significant to the United States the progress of the Republic. That is the question of this day, than in any of the exigencies noted where the Monroe doctrine or the problem of this age. . its equivalent has been asserted by our statesmen is the existing Mr. SQUIRE. Before the Senator from illinois takes his seat and now present condition in which our former rival competes I should like to ask him whether he deems the defenses on the with us for the control of North America? I do not mean by this Atlantic coast adequate to enable us to withstand any attempt, to say that British rivalry for territorial control of America has either to bombard our cities or to exact tribute, which may be again reached the physically aggressive stage, nor to say that such made by any foreign power having a respectable navy? rivalry will ever lead to the final arbitrament of ~he strongest bat Mr. CULLOM. I stated in the course of my remarks that the talion or the heaviest armament; but I want to show to the Senate Pacific coast is practically defenseless, and that the Atlantic coast and to the country what the map of the world presents before us, is not in a very much better condition. and to make apparent the magnitude of the English dominion Mr. HILL. I desire to inquire of the Senator from illinois around and about us. This great area of British territory may or what disposition he proposes shall be made of the resolution? may not be a menace to our country. As is sometimes said, that depends. One thing, however, is manifest-that the United States Mr. CULLOM. I stated at the outset of my remarks that unless must look after the United States. We are old enough and strong some Senator desired to discuss the resolution I should ask that it enough to stand alone, to walk alone, and to hold our ground be referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. amongst the nations of the earth. Mr. HILL. I would suggest that the resolution lie on the table Shall we do it? Shall we always be ready and prepared to meet for a day or two. great questions when they arise; to take every precaut~on against Mr. CULLOM. I am entirely content that that course shall be surprise, and to bear always the American standard at the fore? pursued. The distinguished Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. LODGE] in the The VICE-PRESIDENT. The resolution will lie on the table last Congress addressed the Senate and called to our attention as for the present, in the absence of objection. among the possibilities and even among the probabilities the speedy Mr. COCKRELL. I move that the Senate adjourn. advancement of Japan to the rank of a great power militant. The The motion was agreed to; and (at 1 o'clock and 50 minutes distinguished Senator, as a wise statesman, in his remarks justi p.m.) the Senate adjourned until to-morrow, Wednesday, Decem fies the belief which I ente1·tain, that it is the bounden duty of the ber 11, 1895, at 12 o'clock meridian. 1895; CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE; 113 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVEG. The Clerk read as follows: Mr. BURRELL asks unanimous consent to withdraw from the House files, without leaving copies, the papers in the claim of Mrs. Fannie Pemberto14 TUESDAY, December 10, 1895. no adverse report having been made thereon. The House met at 12 o'clock m. Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. There being no objection, leave was granted. HENRY M. COUDEN. MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE. The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and approved. A message from the Senate, by Mr. PLATT, one of its clerks, WAR CLAIMS. announced that the Senate had passed joint resoh~tions of the following titles, in which the concurrence of the House of Repre· The SPEAKER laid before the House a letter from the assistant sentatives was requested: . . clerk of the Court of Claims, tr"ansmitting a copy of the findings Joint resolution (S. R.17) providing for certain surveys in the filed by the court in the case of Samuel W. Prior, administrator, State of Florida; and . . vs. The United States; which was referred to the Committee on Joint resolution (S. R.13) granting the State of Pennsylvania War Claiirul, and ordered to be printed. permission to use the United States court-house at Scranton, Pa., MARINE HOSPITAL SERVICE. and at Williamsport, Pa. The SPEAKER also laid before the House a letter from the .ADJOURNMENT. Supervising Surgeon-General of the Marine-Hospital Service of Mr. DINGLEY. Mr. Speaker, I move that when the House ad the United States for the fiscal year 1894; which was referred to journs to-day it adjourn to meet on Thursday next. In making the Committee on Merchant M~rine and Fisheries. this motion I desire to say that when the House adjourned yester WA.R CLAIMS. day until to-day the expectation was that the report of the Secre The SPEAKER also laid ·before the House a letter from the tary of the Treasury would be sent in at this time, but I am assistant clerk of the Court of Claims, transmitting a copy of the informed that it is not expected until Thursday. However, if any findings of the court in the cases of W. W. Perkins, administrator, gentleman has information that the report will be ready to be and sundry other cases, vs. The United States; which was referred presented to-morrow I will withdraw the motion, for I suppose it to the Committee on War Claims, and ordered to be printed. is the desire of the House that this ini.portant report should be The· SPEAKER also laid before the House a letter from the laid before it at the earliest possible moment. [A pause.] As I assistant clerk of the Court of Claims, transmitting a copy of the get no response, I now renew my motion that when the House ad findings of fact in the case of John H. Caldwell, James Carroll, John journs to-day it adjourn to meet on Thursday next. R. Hornbaker·, and W. H. Grimes, ad.J:llinistrators, vs. The United The motion wa.s agreed to. States; which was referred to the Committee on War Claims, and THE BATTLE SHII' TEXAS. ordered to be printed. Mr. FISCHER. Mr. Speaker, I offer the resolution which I send CLAIM OF THE CHEROKEE NATION. to the Clerk's desk and ask for it.'• present consideration. The SPEAKER also laid before the House a letter from the The resolution was read, as follows: Resolved, That the Committee on Naval Affairs, when appointed, be directed Attorney-General of the United States reviewing and reporting to investigate the reports that the battle ship Texas is faulty in construction. upon certain conclusions of law reached by the Department of The committee is authorized and directed to inquire into all matters pertain the Interior in an account of moneys due the Cherokee Nation; ing to the plans, construction, cost, and seaworthiness of said ship. which was referred to the Committee on Appropriations, and The SPEAKER. ThegentlemanfromNewYork·[Mr. FISCHER] ordered to be printed. asks unanimous consent for the present consideration of the reso WAR CLAIMS. lution just read. Is there objection? The SPEAKER also laid before the House a letter from the Mr. CRISP. Mr. Speaker, I think that ought to be referred to assistant clerk of the Court of Claims, transmitting a copy of the the Committee on Naval Affairs. finding filed by the court in the cases of J. L. Cochran, adminis The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Georgia [Mr. CRISP] trator, Timothy Foley, and Mrs. Sarah Tow~ey, administratrix, objects. · vs. The United State~; which was referred to the Committee on OCCUPANCY OF FEDERAL COURT ROOM, SCRANTON, PA. War Claims, and ordE:red to be printed. Mr. SCRANTON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent for The SPEAKER also laid before the House a letter from the the present consideration of the joint resolution which I send to assistant clerk of the Court of Claims, transmitting a copy of the the Clerk's desk. · findings of fact in the case of David Maberry, jr., vs. The United The joint resolution was read, as follows: States; which was referred to the Committee on War Claims, and Joint resolution granting permission to the Pennsylvania superior court to ordered to be printed. occupy the Federal court room in Scranton. The SPEAKER also laid before the House a letter from the Whereas by an act of assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, ap assistant clerk of the Court of Claims, transmitting a copy of the proved June 24,1895, an intermediate court of appeals was established, known and styled as the superior court of Pennsylvan1a; and findings of fact in the case of William T. Robertson, administra Whereas by the third section of said act, it is provided that one session of tor of Ira A. Sprouse, deceased, vs. The United States; which was said court shall be held at Scranton and one at Williamsport in each year; referred to the Committee on War Claims, and ordered to be and · Whereas it is further provided ,in said act that the commissioners of each of printed. said eounties shall provide a suitable place for the meeting and business of said LEAVE OF ABSENCE. court at each of said places, to wit, Scranton and Williamsport, the expense thereof to be paid by the State of Pennsylvania; and By unanimous consent, leave of absence was granted as follows: · Whereas the commissioners of said counties can not furnish a suitable place To Mr. McRAE, indefinitely, on accotmt of sickness in his for the meeting and business of said superior court without adequate time for that purpose, and said county commissioners are desirous of obtaining the family. use of the United States court room at Scranton during the month of January ToMr.SULLOWAY,fortendays,onaccountofimportantbusiness. in each year for five years, and at Williamsport in the month of February in To Mr. GARDNER, indefinitely, on account of death in his each year for five years, paying therefor an adequate rental; and family. Whereas during the sessions of the circuit and district courts of the United States at Scranton and Williamsport the commissioners of the counties of To Mr. BROWN, for this day, on account of important business. Lackawanna and Lycoming have furnished a room and facilities for the meet ing of the circuit court when the district court was in session and are willing WITHDRAW A.L OF PAPERS. to do so in the future when so requested: Now, therefore, be it Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of Mr. HANLY, by unanimous consent, obtained leave to withdraw Ame1·ica in Congress assentbled, 'I'hat full permission be, and the same is hereby, from the files of the House, without leaving copies, papers in the granted to the State of Pennsylvania and to the superior court of said State case of Charles W. Sentman, no adve1·se report having been made. to occupy the Unit.ed States court room and the rooms connected therewith at Scranton, in the county of Lackawanna, during the month of Jannary,and Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I made objection yesterday to the at Williamsport, in the county of Lycoming, durin~ the month of J<'ebruary, request of the gentleman from illinois [Mr. BURRELL] to with in each year for the period of five years from the trme such occupation shall draw papers in a certain case. I have since ascertained that a belrin, to wit, January, 1800, for the purpose of holding the sessions of said court therein, and that during said period concurrent jurisdiction so far as is favorable report has been made on the case, and no unfavorable necessary over said property be, and the same is hereby, ceded to the State report. · I therefore renew the request of the gentleman from illi of Pennsylvania for said purposes so that the sessions of said com·ts in said nois to withdraw those papers without leaving copies. buildings and rooms may be, durmg1 said period, fully legalized: Provided, That the commissioners of £>ach of said counties of Lackawanna and Lycom Mr. BURRELL. Mr. Speaker, this claim has been pending ing shall pay to the United States each the sun1 of $100 per annum for the llSe in the last four Congresses, in each of whic.h a favorable report of said rooms for the time aforesaid: And provided [u1·the1·, That said rooms has been made. The object of withdrawing the papers at this . shall be kept in good repair at the expense of the State of Pennsylvania, and tha.t said commissioners shall further provide necessary H~ht and heat for time is to submit the claim to the Auditor of the War Department, said rooms at their own expense, and at the end of said penod of five years by whom, we think, it can be settled without troubling Congress the use of said rooms shall be relinquished to the United States by the said further. - State of Pennsylvania and the said superior court in as ~ood condition as be The SPEAKER. The Clerk will read the request in the form fore the occupancy of said rooms ~ said com·t: Provided turthe1·, That the now submitted. ~~~~i:i ~h~~ :~adi~~~o~f: olth~ou'i:ilet~~:~ Wlth the sessions of XXVIII-8 114 CONGRESSIONAL _RECORD - HOUSE. DECEMBER 10, Mr. SCRANTON. Mr. Speaker, I ask to have -read also the Whereas said Bayard is fru·ther r ep ~-· ~ ed by the press of this country to have said in a public speech delivered in Edinburgh, Scotland, on the 7th day amendments which I have sent to the desk. of November, 1895, "In my own eountry I have witnessed the insatiable The amendments were read, as follows: growth of a form of socialism styled protection, which has done more to cor rupt public life, to banish men of independent mind from public councils, In line 9, strike out the words "time such occupation shall begin, to wit" and to lower the tone of national representation than any other single cause. and insert "first day of." Protection now controlling the soverei~ power of taxation has been per· Strike out the preamble. verted from its proper function of creatmg revenue to support the Govern In line 19 after the word "each," strike out the words "the sum of one ment into an engine of selfish profit allied with combinations called trn&~s. hundred dC:llars per annum, and insert "the sum of five hundred dollars, to It thus has sapped tpe popular ~ons<:ien~ ~~~~o~:. !~u~onii~!n~; a!~g~~n1:!·e~ ~~ a privileged question. - lent people; nu~n who sought t o have their own way. It took a real man to The SPEAKER. The Chair will hear the gentleman from cavern t.i::e people of the United Sta.tes;" and Georgia upon the point of order. 1895. CONGRESSIONAL 'RECORD-HOUSE. 115 Mr. CRISP. Mr. Speaker, I did not hear distinctly the resolu Massachusetts rises in his place and presents a resolution with a tion which accompanied the preamble. Will the Chair kindly pl"eamble, the recitations of which declare that he impeaches a. direct the reading of the resolution? mgh civil officer of the United States. The resolution, which of The SPEAKER. The Clerk will again read the resolution. course is the gist of the matter, directs a committee of the House The resolution was again read. to inquh-e whether or not it is a suitable case for impeachment. Mr. CRISP. Mr. Speaker, at the first session of the Forty In a case identical with that, in the Forty-eighth Congress, the eighth Congress a ruling was made by the Speaker which seems first case referred to, the Speaker held that it was not privileged, to cover this question. While it is held that propositions to im and the effect of that ruling, the Speaker will bear in mind, is not peach the civil officers of the United Btates are privileged under to deprive the House of an opportunity of preferring articles of the Constitution, yet the ruling in the Forty-eighth Congress, impeachment, it is not to limit, it is not to embarrass the House which seems to cover this case, is to the effect that a reference to in the exercise of that constitutional right, but the effect of it is a committee of charges or allegations against a civil officer, with simply that the resolution shall go to a committee which can ex instructions to that committee to ascertain and report articles of amine it and report whether or not articles of impeachment shall be impeachment, or otherwise, as may be necessary, does not con preferred; in other words, it gives to the House the judgment of stitute a privileged question. Mr. Springer presented, as a ques a committee rather than of an individual member as to whether tion of privilege, the petition of Richard W. Webb, a citizen of articles of impeachment should be preferred. the Territory of New Mexico, relating to the impeachment of Now, Mr. Speaker, if it should be held that on a resolution like Samuel Axt.ell, the chief justice of the Territory, and with it a this the gentleman presenting it can address the House for one resolution- hour as a p1·ivileged question, the Chair will at once see the em That the petition of Richard W. Webb and accompanying statement of barrassment that might arise and must arise, whereas if the de charges agamst Samuel B. Axtell, the chief justice of the supreme court of cision of the Speaker of the Forty-eighth Congress is adopted in the Territory of New :Mexico and judge of the First judicial district thereof, be referred to the Committee on the Judiciary and printed, and that the the case to which I referred and the resolution is referred to the Committee on the Judiciary be directed to inquire and ascertain whether the Committee on the Judiciary, that committee can examine andre allegations conta.ined in the foregoing charges and specifications are true, port to the House whether or not other steps should be taken in and whether the conduct of the said chief justice or judge has been such as to r ender him unfit to discharge the duties of the office of chief justice or the case. judge as aforesaid, and report thereon to the House such action. to be taken I have not had time to carefully examine the case referred to by impeachment or otherwise, as they may advise; and in making such exam by the gentleman from Massachusetts. I have it before me, and ination and investigation the said committee have power to send for persons I do not see just now the distinction between that case and the or papers. case to which I have referred. In the first case it was distinctly Mr. Kasson made the point of order that a question of privilege held that the matter was not privileged. In this case the Speaker was not presented by the said memorial and resolution. held the resolution to be privileged. There must be some distin'c The Speaker sustained the point of order, on the ground that tion between the two, but exactly what it is, as I say, I have not the resolution proposed an investigation of certain charges set had opportunity to examine and discover; but it seems to me that · f01-th in said memorial and accompanying papers against the said the resolution offered by the gentleman from Massachusetts is Axtell, and did not specifically propose articles of impeachment. exactly similar to the resolution offered by the gentleman from That seems to be on all fours with the resolution introduced by Illinois rMr ~ Sp1inger], and on that the Speaker held the point of the gentleman from Massachusetts. order wen taken. It seems to me, therefore, in this case, as a mat The SPEAKER. The Chair will hear the gentleman from Mas ter of practice, if there be any doubt, it is better to resolve the sachusetts. donbt in favor of reference without debate to a standing committee Mr. BARRETT. Mr. Speaker, the reference made by the gen of the House in order that the House may be informed, after some tleman from Georgia I have before me, and I believe it has been sort of an investigation, whether there is anything on which arti correctly stated by h~m; but I propose to show by a subsequent cles of impeachment may be sustained if preferred. decision of the same Speaker that the resolution which I have of Mr. BARRETT. Mr. Speaker, I should like to suggest to the fered is a matter of privilege. honorable gentleman from Georgia that this is not a question of The resolution to which the gentleman has referred was intro political policy. It is a question of conforming to the rules and duced on the 4th day of February, 1884. It was based upon a precedents of the House. petition signed by certain citizens of the Territory of New Mex I have shown to him that the resolution to which he refers con ico, and, containing as it did no specific charges of impeachment, tains no charge of impeachment by any member of the House, but the Speaker ruled that it was not a question of privilege. But on is simply a petition from certain citizens of New Mexico. I have the 2d day of December, 1884, being ten months subsequent to the shown to him that, on a subsequent day, by the decision of the matter to which he has referred, the same Speaker, Mr. Carlisle, same Speaker, being Mr. Carlisle, of Kentucky, on a resolution in of Kentucky, being in the chair, Mr. Follett, of Ohio, offered a exactlythe same form in substance as the resolution which Ihave resolution beginning in the exact phraseology of the resolution presented, when a point of order against its being a question of which I have offered, to wit: privilege was made, l\Ir. Carlisle, then Speaker, declared it to be I do impeach Lot Wright, United States marshal of the southern district of a question of privilege. The distinction is very clear. Ohio, of high crimes and misdemeanors. In the first case to which the gentleman refers no member of The resolution then recited the misdemeanors wmch were al the House made a charge of impeachment; in the second, which leged to have been committed by the said Lot Wright, and con I have cited, Mr. Follett of Ohio did make a charge of impeach cluded in a resolution almost identical with the one which I have ment, and that language I have literally followed in the resolu presented, to wit, that an investigation of the truth or falsity of tion which I have submitted. these charges be made by a subcommittee of the Committee on - The SPEAKER. It seems to the Chair that there is a great Expenditures in the Department of Justice, with the authority to distinction between the two cases. The Chai-r has examined the send for persons and papers, and to report to the House. decision of the Speaker of the House made on the 2d day of De..; Upon that resolution, according to the Journal: cember, 1884, and sees no reason why he should not adopt that Mr. Keifer made the point of order that the said resolutions were not in opinion. The Chair therefore oven-ules the point of order. order, being a proposition to investi~ate certain charges against an officer of Mr. BARRETT. Mr. Speaker, beforeproceedingtoconsider the the United States, and did not specifically propose articles of impeachment resolution I should like to ask the gentleman from Georgia whether a193-inst said officer. · he desires any time for debate. and see if an arrangement can be Upon which the Speaker overruled the point of order- made in this case, so that a vote can be taken at a certain time. Upon the ground t~t under the established practice of the House all propo Mr. CRISP. I beg pardon? sitions to impeach a public officer who is impeachable under the Constltutino Mr. BARRETT. I desire, Mr. Speaker, to ask the gentleman are privileged, and as the proposition submitted by :Mr. Follett did specific ally contain a proposition to impeach an officer so impeachable, it came within from Georgia whether he desires to debate the resolution which the established rule and practice of the House. I have offered and, in case he does, to see whether an arrange ment can be made by which a vote can be taken at a specified I submit, Mr. Speaker, that the precedent cited by the gentle time. man from Georgia does not apply to this case, for this reason: Mr. CRISP. Why, of course, it will depend upon what the gen The case to which he refers was the introduction of a petition, tleman from Massachusetts may state as to whether time will be upon which no charge of impeachment was made by a member of desiTed. I think the resolution ought to be referred to the com the House. The resolution which I have presented, following ex mittee having charge of these matters. actly the precedent of December 2, 1884, does make such an im Mr. BARRETT. It is not my purpose, Mr. Speaker, to detain peachment in the words: this House many moments in the consideration of the resolution I do impeach Thomas F . Bayard, ambassador of the United States at the which I have presented. In common, I think I may say, with Court of Great Britain, etc. every right-minded citizen of the United States, I have read with I believe, Mr. Speaker, that the point of order should be over feelings of humiliation the reported insults and excesses in lan ruled. guage committed toward this Government and this people by the Mr. CRISP. Mr. Speaker, this presents averyimportant ques present ambassador of the United States at the Court of Great tion, important as a matter of _practice. The gentleman from Britain. 116 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. J?ECEMBER 10, The resolution offered by my colleague [Mr. McCALL] recites in and narrow feeling in his proud and lofty attachment to the Republic whose commission he bears. epitome not only the more extended report which I have had read, Mr. President, I have discharged an exceedingly unpleasant duty, the most but also another statement made by the ambassador, in which he unpieasant of my public life. But I have looked upon 1t a.q a duty, and it was refers to the American people as an unruly and turbulent people, not to be shunned. And, sir, however unimportaut may be the opinion of so humble an individual as myself, I now onlywish.tha.t I might be heard b~ needing the strong hand of a certain man, to wit, Mr. Grover every independent freeman m the United States, by the British m.ini<;ter and Cleveland, to keep them in submission. the·British King, and by every minister and every crowned head in Europe, I am, however, pleased to see, Mr. Speaker, that Mr. Cleveland whi1e standing here in my place I pronounce my rebuke, as solemnly and as does not accord with that view of his duty. Having left this Con dectsi:vely as 1 can, upon this first instance in which an American minister has t>een sent abroad as the representative of his party and not as the repre gress and the people of the United States during the past four sentative of his country. days without the restraint of his overruling hand, he does not, f Applause.] I assume, believethat thestatementmade by his ambassador is in :Mr. COOPERof Florida. Will the gentleman from Massachu any way correct. [Laughter.] setts permit me one question? . But, Mr. Speaker, this statement of the ambassador which I Ml·. BARRETT. lean notconsentto be interrupted, but when have had read is in violation of diplomatic usage, is in violation I have finished the course of my remarks-- of the printed instructions given to him by the Department of Mr. COOPER of Florida. My inquiry is pertinent to this ques State when he left these shores, and is in violation of every pa tiou, and I will not detain the gentleman a moment. triotic impulse which a man who takes the commission of this . The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Florida will be in order. country in his hands is in honor bound to respect. · Mr. COOPER of Florida. I understood the gentleman to yield. The question may be raised on the other side as to a precedent The SPEA~ER. The gentleman. from Florida has no right to for this proposed action. interrupt a member without his consent. I reply, Mr. Speaker, that in all the · history of this country Mr. COOPER of Florida. I have not undertaken to do it. there is no precedent. There is no precedent, because no minister The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Massachusetts will pro- of this country in a foreign land, up to the current political year, ceed. . has ever felt called upon, before a foreign audience and under a M:t:. COOPER ·of Florida. If the gentleman will not permit foreign flag, to insult the nation whose commission he bore. [Ap- me-- plause on the Republican side.] · · , · ' Mr ..BARRETT. Mr. Speaker, those were the words of Daniel There is, however, Mr. Speaker, one precedent, which, while Webster, uttered in the secrecy of an executive session of the Sen not exactly fitting to this case, does apply in principle so effect ate of the United States. ively that I shall refer to it on this occasion. The importance of that discussion was so great that by the vote Going back some sixty years, we find that during the Admin of the Senate the proceedings were made public. istration of Andrew Jackson; after a prolo~ged controversy in Though the feeling in the Senate in thof)e days was much stronger regard to the composition of the Cabinet as it then existed, the than now that the Executive prerogative should be respected, nev previous Secretary of State, Mr. Martin Van B~ren, was nomi ertheless in a Senate so composed, and in spite of personal ap nated by the President to the Senate as our :minister to England. peals made to Senators to allow the nomination to be confirmed, When that nomination came up in the Senate a long arid bitter Mr. Van Buren, because of a statement which was not one-tenth debate occurred upon it. It touched so closely the springs of so open to objection as the one which Mr. Bayard is reported to American diplomatic principles that, sometime subsequent thereto, have made, was·rejected. The Senate refused to confirm his nomi the debate (which had occurred in executive session of the Sen nation on the ground outlined by Mr. Webster. ate) was made public. · Now, Mr. Speaker, I will ask you how much time I have left. The charge alleged against Mr. Van Buren was that as Secre The SPEAKER. Fifty minutes. tary of State, in dispatching Mr. McLane as minister to Great Mr. BARRETT. As there are other gentlemen on this side of Britain, he had given him certain objectionable instructions to the House to .whom I desire to yield a portion of my time. in this be used in 'his negotiations with the British foreign office. · The matter, realizing too fully my own inexperience and lack of gist of the instructions, to which objection was made, was that the knowledge of the course of debate on this floor, I now yield the minister should call the attention of the British foreign office to the floor, reserving the remainder of my time. fact that, by the Presidential election of 1828, the Administration . Mr. COOPER of Florida. . Will the gentleman, before yielding of this Government had passed from one political party to another, the floor, permit me a question? and, there having been cqntroversy in the previous Administra The SPEAKER. The Chair recognizes the gentleman from tion of Mr. Adams in regard to certain diplomatic matters relat Florida for the purpose of asking a question. ing to our trade \vith the West India Islands, Mr. McLane was Mr. COOPER of Florida. Will thegentlemanfrom Massachu authorized by the instructions given by Mr. Van Buren, as Secre setts now permit me to ask-- tary of State, to call the attention of the British foreign office to Mr. BARRETT. If the gentleman desires to debate this reso the fact of the change of Administration here, and to suggest that lution, I will refer him to the gentleman from Georgia, who will negotiations theretofore interrupted might with propriety be re have his own time, and will doubtless ~llow the gentleman a part sumed, because the Administration of Mr. Jackson, which the of it. minister rep1·esented, did not indorse the position taken by the Mr. COOPER of Florida. I do not wish to debate the resolu previous Administration of Mr. Adams. tion, but to ask a question. The gentleman from Massachusetts You will bear in mind, Mr. Speaker, that in that case the in has gotten up here and made an attack upon a distinguished citizen structions were those of a Secretary of State to a minister. They of the United States; and he has read a record here. He said that were given by the Secretary of State of the United States to a when he had finished his remarks he would respond to a question. minister to Great Britain. They directed him to call attention to I do not wonder that the gentleman is afraid to answer questions. an undisputed fact. They merely recited something that was as [Applause on the Democratic side.] well known as the rising and the setting of the sun. Mr. BARRETT. Mr. Speaker, if the gentleman wishes to ask But, inasmuch as our minister was thereby authorized to make, me a question, and not to take up my time in debate, I shall be in his negotiations with the British foreign office, some reference glad to answer him. to the internal affairs of this country and to the changes by which Mr. COOPER of Florida. Then I ask the gentleman whether, one political party had been raised in the public estimation and aft