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SS300.Mp3 This Is the Oral History Project, the Sanitation SS300.mp3 This is the oral history project, The Sanitation Strike Project. We are interviewing Dan Powell, who is Regional Director of COPE for Six Southern States. We are recording this November 19, 1971. The interviewers are Joan Beifuss and Carol Lynn Yellin. We are at Dan Powell’s home on Revere Road in Memphis. This is Carol Lynn Yellin. Carol Lynn Yellin: We have just been setting up the equipment. I think just for the record it would be interesting to note that once again, 20th century technology has failed us, and we are using Dan Powell’s own recording equipment. Joan Beifuss: I don’t know that that was technology that failed. Carol Lynn Yellin: Human error. Joan Beifuss: Dan, to start off, could you name the Six Southern States? Dan Powell: Yes. Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Tennessee, and Florida. Carol Lynn Yellin: And maybe my identification of COPE is certainly not enough. This is what the…? Dan Powell: Committee on Political Education of the AFL-CIO. Joan Beifuss: Do you want to in one sentence describe it’s function? Dan Powell: It’s function is to activate union members, working through city and state councils politically to activate these members politically. Carol Lynn Yellin: And, when did you come to Memphis? This would be, I think… Dan Powell: I came to Memphis, I think it was 1936. Carol Lynn Yellin: For goodness sakes. You’ve seen a lot. Dan Powell: Yeah. Joan Beifuss: Dan, when was COPE, what was the year that COPE began? Dan Powell: COPE was formed in 1955 at the (muffled) convention of the CIO and the AF of L. Joan Beifuss: Okay then, so… Dan Powell: Before that the CIO had an organization, which was called PAC, Political Action Committee. The AF of L had an organization, which was called LLPE, Labors League for Political Education. The two organizations merged, and COPE was the political arm that came out of the merger. Joan Beifuss: Was that when you started? Were you in political education when you started? Under some other name? Dan Powell: I started in 1945 with CIO, in PAC, Political Action Committee of the CIO. Joan Beifuss: And what were you doing the 10 years prior to that? Dan Powell: Ten years prior to that? Well, that’ll take you back to ‘35. Carol Lynn Yellin: What brought you to Memphis? Joan Beifuss: Yeah, I’m not asking your age, you noticed that? Dan Powell: All right. Joan Beifuss: You were in high school the 10 years prior to that. Dan Powell: No, no. I was born and reared in Goldsboro, North Carolina, a little town down in Eastern North Carolina, about 15,000 people. And, I went to the University of North Carolina. I left the university in 1931, right in the beginning of the Depression. Joan Beifuss: Had you graduated, or did you…? Dan Powell: No, I got suspended for gambling, playing poker, and being involved in campus politics, too. Carol Lynn Yellin: For goodness sakes. Joan Beifuss: What kind of campus politics. Dan Powell: North Carolina, the University of North Carolina was a very political institution. The president of our fraternity had been the campus political boss the year before, or two years before. And, there was a lot of fraternity politics involved. Carol Lynn Yellin: So, you got involved in political education right from the beginning. Dan Powell: Yeah. In other words, if the side that I was on politically had won in the last student body election, we would have had enough members of the council so that I wouldn’t have been suspended for playing poker. (laughing) Joan Beifuss: Well, so then what when you left the university? Dan Powell: When I left the university I sold magazines. I sold magazines over the country, all during the Depression. I covered about, oh 35 states, selling magazines. Joan Beifuss: Want to name the magazines? Dan Powell: Well, at first I sold Pictorial Review, and then I went with a publishing company that handled, a circulation company that handled all of the magazines. It was called American Circulation (muffled). Joan Beifuss: I thought maybe we could bring up Liberty and the Saturday Evening Post. Dan Powell: They were being published at that time, and we sold those, too. We had cards that had most of the magazines published were listed on this card. Carol Lynn Yellin: Well, what, the one other thing I think we haven’t covered, when you were at University of North Carolina, what was your field of study? Were you into political science or that sort of thing? Dan Powell: Well, I was going to major in journalism. I had worked on newspapers prior to going to the university. Joan Beifuss: Where did you work on newspapers? Dan Powell: I worked on the local paper, the Goldsboro News-Argus. Then I went to a Presbyterian junior college in Maxton, and I handled the news bureau down there. The summer after I graduated I ran a weekly newspaper at Maxton called, the Scottish Chief. Then, before that, while I was in Goldsboro I served as correspondent for the Raleigh News & Observer, and also for the United Press, in Goldsboro. Carol Lynn Yellin: Your family, is North Carolina, I mean had your family been in North Carolina for some time, or? Are you an old tarheel from way back? Dan Powell: Well, the Powells were very a prolific family from the time of Jamestown on, and they lived in North Carolina for a good many years, and also Virginia, South Carolina. Powell is a very old name in this history. I was at Jamestown a few summers back, and in one of the graveyards there I found 3 different sets of Powells. Carol Lynn Yellin: Is that right? Dan Powell: Yeah. Carol Lynn Yellin: Well, were you the first in your family then to get into labor? I think maybe that’s the next thing that I want to know, is as I have said, how did a nice North Carolina boy like you get into this business? Dan Powell: Well, after I settled in Memphis while I was selling magazines, I was about to burn out. After 4 years in that job you will. And then, too, I was getting along where it was hard to convince women that I was working my way through college. I had slowly outgrown the college. Look, so I settled in Memphis, and shortly after I settled here I went to work on the Press-Scimitar, and we organized a guild down there. Joan Beifuss: As a reporter, Dan? Dan Powell: No, I was working in advertising. By that time I had learned the best way in the world to starve to death on a newspaper was in the reportorial end. The money was in the advertising end. That was, of course, before the guild. After the guild came in, why wages went up. But, we organized the guild on the press, and that’s when I first became a member of the union. Carol Lynn Yellin: So your first involvement was the newspaper guild? Dan Powell: Right. Joan Beifuss: What year would that be, like ‘36? Dan Powell: This was about ‘37 or ‘38. Carol Lynn Yellin: And when the guild was organized, was it throughout the newspaper? Did it include editorial? Dan Powell: It included editorial, advertising, and business office. It did not include circulation. Carol Lynn Yellin: And, had they already had the typographical union? Dan Powell: Oh yeah. The typographical union was already there. Carol Lynn Yellin: They couldn’t have put out the newspaper unless they had had the typographical. Dan Powell: Well, they could have. The paper was organized. The mechanical end of the paper was well organized. They had the typographical unit, the press room, the stereo typists, and then the circulation department had a circulation union. The guild was actually the last newspaper union to come into the Press-Scimitar. Joan Beifuss: As a matter of fact I think I remember Bill Ross saying that the typographer’s union here was one of the very early unions in the South. Dan Powell: Yeah. Joan Beifuss: Extremely early. Dan Powell: Well, the typographical union is one of the oldest in the printing trade, and one of the oldest in the South. Incidentally, the typographical union has probably furnished more leadership for the labor movement in the South than almost any other union that I can think of. Joan Beifuss: Well, then in general in the South, are the newspapers, is the guild in most of the newspapers in the larger cities in the South? Dan Powell: No, the guild is -- the editorial end of the business is not as widely organized as the mechanical end. Joan Beifuss: It’s still not? Dan Powell: No. In Tennessee, for example, we had the guild, and off-hand I would say outside of Memphis the guild is in Chattanooga at the Chattanooga Times, and in Knoxville on the Knoxville papers, I believe on both papers there; and, outside of that I don’t think there is another guild in the state. Joan Beifuss: Not in Nashville? Dan Powell: No, neither paper in Nashville is organized, no. Joan Beifuss: Neither paper in Nashville? Dan Powell: Sometimes you find that the paper, the editorial that is the most liberal, is not the most liberal when it comes to permitting their staff to be organized. Joan Beifuss: Well now, when you were organizing, who was the publisher/editor here at the Press-Scimitar in ‘37? Dan Powell: Ed Meeman was the editor.
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