DOCSLIB.ORG

Saving the States' Face: an Ethnography of the ASEAN

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Saving the States' Face: an Ethnography of the ASEAN The London School of Economics and Political Science Saving the States’ Face: An Ethnography of the ASEAN Secretariat and Diplomatic Field in Jakarta Deepak Nair A thesis submitted to the Department of International Relations of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy London, April 2015 1 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 107,529 words. 2 In memory of my brother, Rahul 3 Abstract Among the most enduring diplomatic projects in the postcolonial Third World, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations or ASEAN has for long inspired antipodal reviews ranging from the celebratory to the derisive among the scholars and practitioners of international relations. These judgments notwithstanding, the varied practices of ASEAN’s diplomacy have impressively grown in scope, ritual, and ambition in the years following the Cold War and well into the contemporary post- unipolar conjuncture where ASEAN has emerged as a default manager of a geopolitical landscape bookended by the material and symbolic power struggles of China and the United States in Asia Despite the abundance of writings on ASEAN and Asian security, much about its routine production and performance remain enigmatic. Little is know about the everyday practices that constitute this diplomatic activity; the quotidian administrative and ‘emotional labour’ nourishing its production; the sociological biographies of its practitioners and the endowments of class, language, and social capital shaping their shared dispositions; and the cultural idiom in which this diplomacy is produced and performed. This thesis is an attempt to study ASEAN’s diplomatic practice in action with an eye to answer these concerns by pursuing ethnographic fieldwork for 13 months in a site of ASEAN diplomacy par excellence. This site is the ASEAN Secretariat in South Jakarta and a field of multilateral diplomacy of Great and Middle Powers clustered around it in a city that has laid claim to becoming no less than “ASEAN’s diplomatic capital”. This thesis argues, first, that in contrast to pervasive understandings of its inconsequentiality, the ASEAN Secretariat plays a central role in sustaining ASEAN’s diplomatic project by a) coordinating its burgeoning apparatus of diplomatic interactions and activities, and b) by rendering its ‘emotional labour’ to save the figurative and embodied ‘face’ of ASEAN’s state representatives as they meet among themselves and with their vaunted foreign partners in routine interactions. Second, by analysing the everyday practices of Secretariat staff, ASEAN diplomats, and foreign diplomats based in Jakarta, this thesis draws on the sociology of Pierre Bourdieu and Erving Goffman to construct a wider argument about ASEAN’s diplomatic practice. It argues that ASEAN’s diplomacy is produced in everyday life not by prevailing representations of the ‘ASEAN Way’ but instead through a stock of historically structured, sociologically patterned, tacit and embodied group dispositions – a diplomatic habitus. ASEAN’s diplomatic habitus is organised around a perennial concern among its practitioners to save the physical and figurative ‘face’ of the state – instantiated by its representatives – to enable their performances of a mythic sovereign equality among each other and satisfy their demands for recognition from Great and Major powers, especially as they strive for ‘centrality’ in the performative games of Asian security. 4 CONTENTS CONTENTS ................................................................................................................... 5 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................ 9 Acronyms ..................................................................................................................... 12 List of Tables and Maps .............................................................................................. 14 CHAPTER 1 ............................................................................................................... 16 A SECRETARIAT IN THE SHADOW OF INCONSEQUENTIALITY ............ 16 1.1 A Diplomacy in Crisis ............................................................................... 16 1.2 An Inconsequential and ‘Invisible’ Secretariat ........................................ 23 1.3 The Construction of Inconsequentiality .................................................... 29 1.3.1 Privileged Actors: A Gaze on the Reified State ................................. 29 1.3.2. Privileged Questions: The Impact and Effects of Institutions ........... 30 1.3.3. Privileged Sites and Temporalities: The Grand over the Everyday .. 32 1.4 Opening up the Secretariat and ASEAN’s Diplomacy .............................. 34 1.5 Arguments ................................................................................................. 38 1.5.1 A Secretariat Producing and Performing ASEAN’s Diplomacy ........ 38 1.5.2 The ASEAN Way ............................................................................... 41 1.5.3 Limits .................................................................................................. 48 1.6 Key Concepts ............................................................................................. 49 1.6.1 Emotional Labour ............................................................................... 49 1.6.2 ASEAN’s Diplomatic Habitus ........................................................... 51 1.6.3. ‘Face’ and ‘Face-work’ ...................................................................... 57 1.7 Thesis Structure ......................................................................................... 58 CHAPTER 2 ............................................................................................................... 60 THEORY AND METHODOLOGY ........................................................................ 60 2.1. Introduction .............................................................................................. 60 2.2 Theories of Practice ................................................................................... 61 2.2.1 What is Practice? ................................................................................ 62 2.2.2 Why Privilege Practice? ..................................................................... 64 2.2.3 Theories of practice in this study: Bourdieu and Goffman ................ 69 2.3 An Ethnographic Methodology ................................................................ 78 2.3.1 What is Ethnography? ........................................................................ 78 2.3.2 Why Ethnography? ............................................................................ 80 2.3.3 Tensions .................................................................................................. 83 2.4 Ethnography in International Relations ..................................................... 85 2.5 Conclusion ................................................................................................. 90 5 CHAPTER 3 ............................................................................................................... 91 FIELDWORK IN A DIPLOMATIC FIELD .......................................................... 91 3.1 Introduction: Arriving at the Secretariat .................................................... 91 3.2 Seeking Access ......................................................................................... 95 3.2.1 Official Access ..................................................................................... 96 3.2.2 Knowledge of the Setting .................................................................... 99 3.3 A New Plan .............................................................................................. 100 3.3.1 Studying Up ........................................................................................ 100 3.3.2 Immersion by Other Means ................................................................ 101 3.3.3 Local affiliation .................................................................................. 103 3.4 Constructing a Field................................................................................. 104 3.5 Reaching Out ........................................................................................... 114 3.5.1 A Sliding Scale of Access and Anxiety .............................................. 115 3.5.2 Openness to Social Research .............................................................. 116 3.5.3 Impression Management ..................................................................... 121 3.6 Building Relationships ............................................................................ 124 3.6.1 Reciprocity and Exchange ................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Inquiry to Semanggi Tragedy's Significance On
    International Journal of Built Environment and Scientific Research Volume 02 Number 01 | June 2018 p-issn: 2581-1347 | e-issn: 2580-2607 | Pg. 01 - 14 ‘Tragedy’ and Space of Commemoration: An Inquiry to Semanggi Tragedy’s Significance on Jakarta’s Urban Space Feby Hendola1 1 Departement of Architecture, Faculty of Technology and Design, Universitas Pembangunan Jaya, Indonesia [email protected] ABSTRACT A City does not only exist with its physical feature but also with its intangible thing within it, including the people’s memory. Our memory, either it is delightful or unpleasant, plays a role in molding our perception about our environment. Meanwhile, we also tend to build something—to construct our environment—for commemorating significant events. Regarding this phenomenon, this paper aimed to understand how a tragic event affects urban space by examining conceptions of “tragedy” and “absential feature” and their relation to space of commemoration. As a reflection of the conceptual inquiry, this paper analyzed how Semanggi Tragedy, which had happened on 1998-1999, affected Jakarta’s urban space. The study showed that the tragedy brought ‘absence’ that urges people to create a tangible feature to response their grief, loss, and hopes. Semanggi’s physical development—as a way to move on—only emphasizes the ‘absence’ of the tragedy and does not stop people not to forget it. © 2018 IJBESR. All rights reserved. Keywords: absential feature, 1998 riots, semanggi tragedy, space of commemoration, urban conflicts 1. Introduction sense, to remember is not merely to be nostalgic but also to feel ‘emptiness’ that does and will A City does not only exist with its physical continually exist.
    [Show full text]
  • Military Diplomacy and Its Role in the Foreign Policy of Nepal
    Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive DSpace Repository Theses and Dissertations 1. Thesis and Dissertation Collection, all items 2019-12 MILITARY DIPLOMACY AND ITS ROLE IN THE FOREIGN POLICY OF NEPAL Rawal, Pankaj Monterey, CA; Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/64054 Downloaded from NPS Archive: Calhoun NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS MILITARY DIPLOMACY AND ITS ROLE IN THE FOREIGN POLICY OF NEPAL by Pankaj Rawal December 2019 Thesis Advisor: Anshu N. Chatterjee Second Reader: Carolyn C. Halladay Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited. THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Form Approved OMB REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington, DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED (Leave blank) December 2019 Master’s thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS MILITARY DIPLOMACY AND ITS ROLE IN THE FOREIGN POLICY OF NEPAL 6. AUTHOR(S) Pankaj Rawal 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING Naval Postgraduate School ORGANIZATION REPORT Monterey, CA 93943-5000 NUMBER 9.
    [Show full text]
  • Lee Tao Dana
    Lee Tao Dana Phone: _+660800498548 Email: [email protected] ​ Citizenship: USA SUMMARY OF EXPERIENCE ● Experienced Basketball Coach in USA and Internationally ● General Manager, International Professional Basketball ● Special Assistant, National Basketball Association ● Assistant Coach, National Basketball Association Development League ● College/University/High School Basketball Coach ● Television Basketball Analyst and Play-by-Play Announcer ● Game Day Operations for National Basketball Association Development League ● Motivational Speaker EXPERIENCE Head Coach and General Manager Thang Long Warriors Vietnam Basketball Association (VBA) Hanoi, Vietnam, 2017 to Present Head Coach Dunkin’ Raptors Thailand Basketball Super League (TBSL) Bangkok, Thailand, 2016-2017 Head Men's Basketball Coach/Coordinator for Bachelor Degree Program Webster University Bangkok, Thailand, 2013-2016 Basketball Television Analyst and Play-by-Play Announcer FOX Sports Asia, ASEAN Basketball League (ABL) Bangkok, Thailand, 2012-2014 Assistant Basketball Coach Idaho Stampede (Utah Stars) National Basketball Association Development League (D-League) USA 2009 to 2011 Motivational Speaker Worldwide, 2002 to Present OTHER EXPERIENCE Special Assistant Golden State Warriors (National Basketball Association) Oakland, California, USA Basketball Coach Santa Rosa Junior College Santa Rosa, California, USA Basketball Coach Foothill College Los Altos, California, USA International Basketball Camps and Clinics Coach China, Japan, South Korea, USA, Vietnam OTHER Basketball
    [Show full text]
  • Administrative Stay Memorandum
    Case 1:20-cv-01437-CKK Document 33-1 Filed 07/20/20 Page 1 of 18 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA ____________________________________ ) MOHAMED SOLTAN, ) ) Civil Action No.: 20-cv-1437 (CKK) Plaintiff, ) ) ) v. ) ) HAZEM ABDEL AZIZ EL BEBLAWI, ) ) Defendant. ) ____________________________________) PLAINTIFF’S MEMORANDUM IN SUPPORT OF HIS MOTION FOR ADMINISTRATIVE STAY OF PROCEEDINGS FOR THE COURT TO ASSESS THE STATUS OF DEFENDANT BEBLAWI’S CLAIM OF DIPLOMATIC IMMUNITY Eric L. Lewis (D.C. Bar #394643) Waleed Nassar (D.C. Bar #992659) Jeffrey D. Robinson (D.C. Bar #376037) Aisha E. Bembry (D.C. Bar #4889500) LEWIS BAACH KAUFMANN MIDDLEMISS PLLC 1101 New York Ave., N.W, Suite 1000 Washington, D.C. 20005 (202) 833‐ 8900 (voice) (202) 466‐5738 (facsimile) Counsel for Plaintiff Mohamed Soltan Case 1:20-cv-01437-CKK Document 33-1 Filed 07/20/20 Page 2 of 18 TABLE OF AUTHORIES Agreement between the United States of America and the United Nations regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, Art. V, Section 15, November 21, 1947, 61 Stat. 3416 https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%2011/volume-11-I-147-English.pdf. ..........................................................................................................................................................7 Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund, Art. IX, Section. 8, July 22, 1944, 60 Stat. 1401, https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/aa/index.htm ..........................1 IMF Executive Directors and Voting Power, https://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/memdir/eds.aspx ...................................................................8 IMF Members’ Quotas and Voting Power, and IMF Board of Governors. https://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/memdir/members.aspx ..........................................................8 IMF Organization Chart, https://www.imf.org/external/np/obp/orgcht.htm ...................................8 Office of Foreign Missions, U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • HC-125-(S)-09: Domestic Employees Prenotification Secretariat
    UNITED STATES MISSION TO THE UNITED NATIONS NEW YORK October 23, 2009 HC-125(S)-09 The United States Mission to the United Nations presents its compliments to the United Nations Secretariat and has the honor to refer to the standards applicable to the employment of personal workers, attendants, and any other domestic workers employed by United Nations officials who are in the United States in nonimmigrant G-5 visa status. The United States Mission wishes to emphasize the importance to the United States Government of providing fair treatment to domestic workers who come to the United States to work for members of the diplomatic community and to request that the United Nations Secretary-General take any and all measures necessary to ensure that the officials of the Organization employing such workers respect the laws relating to the treatment to be accorded domestic workers. This note supersedes previous notes on this subject. New Domestic Worker Visa Eligibility Requirements The United States Mission wishes to inform the United Nations Secretariat of two new requirements it is implementing in connection with the employment of domestic workers by United Nations officials that pertain to the visa eligibility of prospective domestic workers. The United States Mission currently requires that it be notified at the time of the arrival in and departure from the United States of all domestic workers. DIPLOMATIC NOTE -2- Effective November 15, 2009, the United States Mission will also require that it be provided with notification of any prospective domestic worker before the worker applies for a visa. This “pre-notification” requires that the Visa Committee of the United Nations Office of Human Resources Management submit a completed “Pre-Notification of a Domestic Worker” form (“Pre-Notification Form”) addressed to [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • WHY WE DO WHAT WE DO Contents Chairman’S Note
    ISSUE 5 SPIRIT WHY WE DO WHAT WE DO Contents Chairman’s Note 03 Chairman’s Note 44 Fantasy on Ice Vision 2030 promised that sport could be used professional training of coaches and other sport 45 Star Performance as a strategy for nation building. Up until that specialists contributing to athlete development 04 Journeys Through Sport 46 Synchronous Motion point in our history, we were asking “how can in Singapore. 06 Celebrate Living With ActiveHealth 47 Flying on Water we get people to play more sport?” Vision 07 Doing Burpees for Good 48 A Better Pedal 2030 changed that question to “how can sport Another example, is the Singapore Sport 08 Everyone Can Play! 50 Matching Effort with Ability change our aspirations and our strategies to Science Symposium – a new national event 10 October Is Tennis Month 51 Rulers on Court help us live better lives?” to share the best practices on activating 11 Unbeatable Spirit Makes History 52 Victory Through Sudden Death! sport science for better results by Singapore 12 Singapore Football Week Kicks Off! 54 Sailing Towards Gold The how has become increasingly clear Sport Institute and the National Youth Sports 13 Showing Solidarity for Persons with Disabilities through the Vision 2030 recommendations. Institute. As more coaches learn and adopt 56 Bountiful Harvest of 50 14 Knowledge Sharing Strengthens Some 680,000 people took part in our annual the best that science has to offer, we can look Sport Ecosystem 58 Always Looking Ahead celebration of National Day through sport, forward to greater success at the major games 15 Twins Win Bronze at 60 A Regular Straight Arrow GetActive! Singapore.
    [Show full text]
  • Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University Ogneviuk
    Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University ISSUED Administrated by Scientific board of Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University ____ 20__ ______ ., record № ______________ Head of Scientific board, rector Ogneviuk V. O. ____________________________ Education professional programme 291.00.02 Regional studying Department: 29 International relations Speciality: 291 International relations, public communications and regional studying Qualification: bachelor of International relations, public communications and regional studying Implemented from __.__20__ (order of __.__20__ No.____) Kyiv, 2017 APPROVAL FORM of education professional programme The chair of international relations and international law Protocol of March 6, 2017, No. 8 Head of the chair ______________________ Havrylyuk O. V. Academic board of Faculty of law and international relations Protocol of April 18, 2017, No. 7 Head of the academic board________________________ Hrytsiak I. A. Vice-rector on scientific-methodical and academic work __________________ Zhyltsov O. B. Head of scientific and methodological centre of standardization and quality of education __________________ Leontieva O. V. Research laboratory of education internationalization Head ________________ Vyhovska O. S. ____ ___________ 2017 2 Vice-rector of scientific work _______________ Vinnikova N. M. ____ ______ 2017 INTRODUCTION Developed on the basis of Law of Ukraine ‘On Higher Education’ of July 1, 2015 No. 1556 UII based on the Project of Standard for speciality 055 International relations, public communications and regional
    [Show full text]
  • Japan's Defense Diplomacy in South East Asia
    ISSN 2464-9929, Global Politics Review 5, no. 1-2 (2019): 6-49. Japan’s Defense Diplomacy in South East Asia Daniel Foulkes Leon* Abstract: Through an empirical case study analysis, this article analyses Japan’s defense diplomacy in the South East Asian nations of Indonesia, the Philippines and Vietnam during the period from 2006 to 2016. Defense diplomacy is an element of statecraft that uses a nation’s military and security institutions in a non-coercive, peaceful manner to enhance military cooperation and to seek military reform with another nation. This article traces the evolution of Japan’s defense diplomacy in its evolving security environment and identifies its character based on See Seng Tang and Bhubhindar Singh’s typology of “pragmatic” or “transformative” defense diplomacy, contributing important elements in the study of Japan’s defense diplomacy strategy and engagement in South East Asia. Keywords: Defense Diplomacy, Japan, South East Asia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Philippines. Received: April 5, 2019. Accepted: May 10, 2019. Published: May 19, 2019. Introduction n May 2017 Japan’s largest naval vessel in the Maritime Self Defense Forces, the JS Izumo, arrived in Vietnam as part of the Pacific Partnership naval exercise, focused on Ihumanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HA/DR).1 This multilateral naval exercise led by the United States with Australia, the United Kingdom and Japan as participating countries, involved a series of host nations in professional training opportunities, workshops and field training exercises. In March 2017, the Philippine Navy had also received two patrol aircraft from Japan with the purpose of aiding its future maritime patrol and HA/DR capabilities.2 Philippine Navy pilots undertook training in Japan from November 2016 to March 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • ‍Matthew‍Van‍Pelt
    ‍‍Matthew‍Van‍Pelt Mattvp.com | Vpsmglobal.com | [email protected] | References: Available Upon Request | Education BACHELOR’S DEGREE | SPRING ARBOR UNIVERSITY | MAY 2013 · Major: English Writing · Minor: Communications Experience PRESIDENT & FOUNDER | VAN PELT SPORTS MANAGEMENT | 2015- PRESENT - I run a sports management company that helps free agent basketball players and coaches obtain offers from teams overseas. I run exposure camps, do agent-related work, create highlight films for players, train players, and offer resume advice as well as run camps for schools, pro teams, and youth academies in various countries. ASSISTANT BASKETBALL COACH | SAIGON HEAT | 2019 - PRESENT - I serve as the assistant basketball coach for the Saigon Heat in the Asean Basketball League. ASSISTANT BASKETBALL COACH | VIETNAM NATIONAL TEAM | 2019 - PRESENT - I serve as an assistant basketball coach and player development coach for the Vietnam National Team in preparation for the 2019 SEA-Games in Manila, Philippines. LEAD SKILLS COACH & TRAINER | SPORTS SKILLS ACADEMY | 2019 - PRESENT - I coach U11-U17 teams in player development for one of the top basketball academies in Vietnam. ACADEMY COACHING CONSULTANT | VARIOUS VIETNAM BASKETBALL ACADEMIES | 2018 - PRESENT - I am in charge of placing coaches with three different basketball academies (E-Balls, ASA, and SSA) in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. In 2018 (my first year working with these academies), I sent 11 coaches to Vietnam. PROFESSIONAL INTERNATIONAL BASKETBALL PLAYER | 2013 - 2019 - I have experience playing as a professional point guard in Australia, Malaysia, U.S.A., Cambodia, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, French Polynesia, Canada, Hong Kong, Italy, Ireland, and Switzerland. I have won multiple championships,‍two‍MVP’s,‍a‍runner-up MVP, been All-League multiple times, led multiple leagues in assists, and led multiple leagues in scoring, all of which is on my playing resume (this is available upon request).
    [Show full text]
  • EMBASSY at WAR, 1939–44 It Was Perhaps Unfortunate That in Early
    CHAPTER EIGHT EMBASSY AT WAR, 1939–44 It was perhaps unfortunate that in early 1939 Sir Percy Loraine left Turkey. Th e diplomatic staff had suff ered another serious loss in the previous summer when Colonel Woods retired. It also remained no larger than it had been when at the beginning of 1937 Loraine complained that he was so short-handed he could not be expected to produce the embassy’s annual report on time.1 Th e mission contained seven diplomats: a chancery of fi ve, which included two Levant Service offi cers with local diplomatic rank; and a commercial section of two. Th is put it on the same level as the embassy in Tehran and signifi cantly beneath the one to which Loraine had been moved at Rome.2 Th e air attaché, the laconic Wing Commander Th omas Elmhirst, was alone among his service colleagues in not having side accreditations. Contact between the Ankara and Istanbul posts was impeded by the fact that the telephone connection was bad and in any case tapped.3 Building work on the new ambassadorial residence at Ankara had only just been started. Beyond Istanbul and Ankara there were now consular posts at only Trabzon, Mersin and Izmir. However, the embassy’s position on the eve of the outbreak of the Second World War was not altogether a weak one. Alarmed by the international situation, the Foreign Offi ce lost no time in appointing a new ambassador, so ensuring that he arrived before Loraine departed and enabling him to “pick his brains”.4 Th e new chief of mission, Sir Hughe Knatchbull-Hugessen, may not have had a commanding pres- ence but—like all his recent predecessors—he was highly intelligent, witty, well-schooled in his craft , and a diplomat of considerable experi- ence.
    [Show full text]
  • Greater Jakarta Area (Jabodetabek) Indonesia
    DATA COLLECTION REPORT Sustainable Urban Transport Index (SUTI) for Asian Cities GREATER JAKARTA AREA (JABODETABEK) INDONESIA Dr. Muhammad Nanang Prayudyanto (Consultant) Dr. Muiz Thohir (GJTA) 2017 1 TABLE OF CONTENT TABLE OF CONTENT .................................................................................................................................. 2 LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................................... 3 LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................................... 4 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 5 2. Current state of urban transport systems and service ...................................................................... 7 3. Data collection approach for SUTI ................................................................................................... 11 4. Data for SUTI (key data – detail in Excel sheet) ............................................................................... 12 a. Indicator 1 Extent to which transport plans cover facilities for active modes and public transport ...................................................................................................................................... 12 b. Indicator 2. Modal Share of Active and Public Transport in Commuting ...................................
    [Show full text]
  • Probabilistic Models for Learning from Crowdsourced Data
    Probabilistic models for learning from crowdsourced data A thesis submitted to the University of Coimbra in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctoral Program in Information Science and Technology by Filipe Manuel Pereira Duarte Rodrigues [email protected] Department of Informatics Engineering Faculty of Sciences and Technology University of Coimbra September 2015 Financial support by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia Ref.: SFRH/BD/78396/2011 Probabilistic models for learning from crowdsourced data ©2015 Filipe Rodrigues Cover image: © Guilherme Nicholas (http://www.flickr.com/photos/guinicholas/19768953491/in/faves-59695809@N06/) ******* ******* Advisors Prof. Francisco Câmara Pereira Full Professor Department of Transport Technical University of Denmark Prof. Bernardete Martins Ribeiro Associate Professor with Aggregation Department of Informatics Engineering Faculty of Sciences and Technology of University of Coimbra Dedicated to my parents Abstract This thesis leverages the general framework of probabilistic graphical models to de- velop probabilistic approaches for learning from crowdsourced data. This type of data is rapidly changing the way we approach many machine learning problems in different areas such as natural language processing, computer vision andmusic. By exploiting the wisdom of crowds, machine learning researchers and practitioners are able to develop approaches to perform complex tasks in a much more scalable manner. For instance, crowdsourcing platforms like Amazon mechanical turk pro- vide users with
    [Show full text]