DOCSLIB.ORG

I English Language

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
I English Language I Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ywes/article-abstract/98/1/1/5481903 by Vienna University Library user on 07 January 2020 English Language VIKTORIJA KOSTADINOVA, NURIA YA´ N˜EZ-BOUZA, GEA DRESCHLER, SUNE GREGERSEN, BEA´ TA GYURIS, KATHRYN ALLAN, MAGGIE SCOTT, LIESELOTTE ANDERWALD, SVEN LEUCKERT, TIHANA KRASˇ, ALESSIA COGO, TIAN GAN, IDA PARISE, SHAWNEA SUM POK TING, JULIANA SOUZA DA SILVA, BEKE HANSEN, AND JESSICA NORLEDGE This chapter has fourteen sections: 1. General; 2. History of English Linguistics; 3. Phonetics and Phonology (not covered this year); 4. Morphology; 5. Syntax; 6. Semantics; 7. Lexicography, Lexicology, and Lexical Semantics; 8. Onomastics; 9. Dialectology and Sociolinguistics; 10. New Englishes and Creolistics; 11. Second Language Acquisition. 12. English as a Lingua Franca; 13. Pragmatics and Discourse. 14. Stylistics. Section 1 is by Viktorija Kostadinova; section 2 is by Nuria Ya´ n˜ez-Bouza; sections 4 and 5 are by Gea Dreschler and Sune Gregersen; section 6 is by Bea´ ta Gyuris; section 7 is by Kathryn Allan; section 8 is by Maggie Scott; section 9 is by Lieselotte Anderwald; section 10 is by Sven Leuckert; section 11 is by Tihana Krasˇ; section 12 is by Tian Gan, Ida Parise, Sum Pok Ting, Juliana Souza da Silva and Alessia Cogo; section 13 is by Beke Hansen; section 14 is by Jessica Norledge. 1. General This section contains books with a general relevance to English linguistics. It first covers a number of publications on historical linguistics, starting with a five-volume series on the history of English, followed by books on historical linguistics. The section also provides a description of a cognitive linguistics handbook. Books of methodological relevance are also included; one of these is about doing corpus linguistic research with R, and the other is an introductory textbook on quantitative research methods for students, as well as a general introduction to the study of language. The Year’s Work in English Studies, Volume 98 (2019) ß The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the English Association. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: [email protected] doi:10.1093/ywes/maz004 2 ENGLISH LANGUAGE The five-volume series The History of English, edited by Laurel J. Brinton Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ywes/article-abstract/98/1/1/5481903 by Vienna University Library user on 07 January 2020 and Alexander Bergs, presents a state-of-the art introduction to the study of the history of English. The series is based on a previous publication, English Historical Linguistics: An International Handbook (Bergs and Brinton [2012], which was not discussed in YWES 93). The editors explain in the introduction to the series that ‘the aim of the series is to make selected papers from this important handbook accessible and affordable for a wider audience, and in particular for younger scholars and students, and to allow their use in the classroom’ (pp. 2–3). Volume 1 provides a general overview of the most important topics and issues in the field. Each of volumes 2–4 covers one historical period: OE, ME, and eModE. The final volume is devoted to the global spread of English and the rise of new varieties. Each volume opens with a short introduction to the series by the editors. The series is impressive in its coverage, and admirably manages to introduce the history of English in great detail, while providing an overview of scholarship, methods, and knowledge in the field. More information on the contents of these volumes can also be found in Sections 2 and 8 below. Volume 1, Historical Outlines from Sound to Text, starts with a short introduction to the series and to the volume by the editors. In chapter 2, ‘Periodization in the History of the English Language’ (pp. 8–35), Anne Curzan presents various scholarly approaches to the problem of periodization, stressing the ways in which they converge in some respects and diverge in others. She argues that it would be futile to expect that uniform periodization will ever be agreed upon, but that the most important aspect in any periodization is clarity about the criteria that form the basis for the periodization. Each of the next four chapters addresses one area of language. In chapter 3, ‘Phonology’ (pp. 36–56), Janet Grijzenhout introduces some basics of phonological theory, focusing on structuralist and generative approaches. She discusses consonant inventories, as well as processes of change in relation to various factors, using examples from Proto-IE, Proto- Germ, and OE. She also briefly touches upon the effects of vowel inventories on phonotactics. Donka Minkova introduces ‘Prosody’ (chapter 4, pp. 57–76), and related terms such as syllable and stress, and addresses the types of information used in the historical study of prosody. Dieter Kastovsky covers ‘Morphology’ (pp. 77–101), addressing the topic of the millennia-long process of typological change in the morphology of English, from IE to PDE. ‘Syntax’ is discussed (pp. 102–22) by Graeme Trousdale. It focuses on the distinction between the syntactic history of English (concerned with ‘a particular development in a particular set of varieties, based on a particular set of evidence’ (p. 103); here attention is paid to OV/VO word order, the loss of impersonals, and the rise of the modals) and English historical syntax (concerned with ‘general properties of human language undergoing change’, where borrowing, reanalysis, and analogy are discussed). Chapters 7 to 10 deal with areas beyond the structural level to address issues of semantics, pragmatics, and language in use. ‘Semantics and Lexicon’ (pp. 123–39), by Elizabeth Closs Traugott, looks at semantic change in English, specifically providing the perspective of cognitive linguistics and studies in the neo- Gricean framework, with a focus on more recent work. It covers topics ENGLISH LANGUAGE 3 ranging from cognitive metaphor and the Invited Inferencing Framework to Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ywes/article-abstract/98/1/1/5481903 by Vienna University Library user on 07 January 2020 collocations and collostructions, productivity of semantic change, changes in the English lexicon, and the difference between lexical and grammatical changes. ‘Idioms and Fixed Expressions’ (pp. 140–64) by Gabriele Knappe reviews previous approaches to the study of English phraseology, addressing the importance of metalinguistic sources for historical phraseological research. Topics related to phraseological units are also covered, such as their origin, development, and change as well as the influence of phraseology on language change. In ‘Pragmatics and Discourse’ (pp. 165–84), Andreas H. Jucker starts off with a definition of basic terms and a distinction between pragmatics and discourse, while also pointing out relevant overlap in work done in these two areas. He distinguishes pragmatics in the narrow sense (‘cognitive-inferential aspects’ of language use) and pragmatics in the broad sense (‘social aspects’ of language use) (p. 165). The first is associated with pragmatic explanations of language change, while the second approaches the study of a variety of ‘performance phenomena’ in language history (p. 170), such as inserts (greetings and interjections), speech acts, and terms of address. The chapter also looks at courtroom discourse, scientific discourse, and English news discourse across the history of English. Chapter 10, on ‘Onomastics’ (pp. 185– 99), is discussed in Section 8. Following these lexical matters, Hanna Rutkowska introduces the study of ‘Orthography’ in the next chapter (pp. 200–17), addressing its theoretical underpinnings and the historical development of orthography. It also discusses the status and role of orthography in relation to areas such as phonology and sociolinguistics. Chapter 12, ‘Styles, Registers, Genres, Text Types’ (pp. 218–37), by Claudia Claridge, describes work done on registers, drawing on examples from legal and scientific English registers. Topics addressed include stylistic develop- ments, the role of standardization, and differences between oral and literate styles. Two examples of historical styles—‘the clergial or curial style’ from the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, and the ‘plain style’ from the seventeenth century (pp. 226–7)—serve as illustrations of the topics discussed. The last chapter of volume 1, on ‘Standards in the History of English’ (pp. 238–52), is discussed in Section 2 below. Volume 2, Old English, opens with a chapter on ‘Pre-Old English’ (pp. 8–31) by Jeannette K. Marsh, which looks at the period before the ‘first attestations’ of English in the seventh century, outlining changes that took place in Pre-OE, in terms of both consonants (e.g. changes of geminate consonants and palatalization) and vowels (e.g. the restoration of a, breaking, and i-umlaut). The chapter also covers morphological developments and includes a brief mention of syntax. The next chapter, ‘Old English: Overview’ (pp. 32–49), by Ferdinand von Mengden, opens with a discussion of periodization issues relating to the availability of the first written records around 700, and proposes that 450 should be taken as the starting point. It then addresses major important external history points and deals with the decline of inflections. Chapters 4 to 6 address the various structural levels of the language during the OE period. ‘Phonology’ (pp. 50–72), by Robert Murray, provides ‘a very broad, relatively uncontroversial overview of many funda- mental aspects of OE phonology’ (p. 50). It presents a synchronic account of 4 ENGLISH LANGUAGE OE phonology, including a discussion of stress patterns and correspondences Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ywes/article-abstract/98/1/1/5481903 by Vienna University Library user on 07 January 2020 between phonology and orthography, as well as relevant phonological changes, such as umlaut and changes in quantity. Next, Ferdinand von Mengden discusses ‘Morphology’ (pp. 73–99), addressing inflectional morph- ology aspects of noun and verb paradigms.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Barthé, Darryl G. Jr.Pdf
    A University of Sussex PhD thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details Becoming American in Creole New Orleans: Family, Community, Labor and Schooling, 1896-1949 Darryl G. Barthé, Jr. Doctorate of Philosophy in History University of Sussex Submitted May 2015 University of Sussex Darryl G. Barthé, Jr. (Doctorate of Philosophy in History) Becoming American in Creole New Orleans: Family, Community, Labor and Schooling, 1896-1949 Summary: The Louisiana Creole community in New Orleans went through profound changes in the first half of the 20th-century. This work examines Creole ethnic identity, focusing particularly on the transition from Creole to American. In "becoming American," Creoles adapted to a binary, racialized caste system prevalent in the Jim Crow American South (and transformed from a primarily Francophone/Creolophone community (where a tripartite although permissive caste system long existed) to a primarily Anglophone community (marked by stricter black-white binaries). These adaptations and transformations were facilitated through Creole participation in fraternal societies, the organized labor movement and public and parochial schools that provided English-only instruction.
    [Show full text]
  • National and Subnational Features in Kenyan English 421 J"' -J.' L' V.Fll~~N~ (//; Et.F.1J__ Ed
    National and subnational features in Kenyan English 421 j"' -J.' l' v.fll~~n~ (//; et.f.1J__ ed. rtJ.J"/ I .." / /..../0' Kenyan English (KenE) may be interpreted as sociolinguistic signals of 'C=f'{9// Ct.ttJtutd' lA-&' J1/;h.."" , /) fh national (all-Kenyan) or subnational (ethnic) identities, Such signals, or 28 _0c/t7bitgLt',J'7'rC J'&'~c~"'~"(\ (t'{lfut.!:r;c:(c;e. markers, are defined as variants that are constantly used (and clearly perceived) by one group of speakers rather than another. As nation­ building is generally considered of prime importance in Africa, ethnic background was examined as the basic nonlinguistic variable, the dimen­ National and subnational features in sions of sex and linguistic context and style later, Although some notions about linguistic markers are commonly held impressionistically hy edu­ Kenyan English cated and linguistically conscious people in Kenya, they have not been subjected to rigorous analysis before (Zuengler 1982, for instance, does JOSEF J, SCHMIED not mention pronunciation in 'Kenyan English'). The basic hypothesis of this study was that the pronunciation of vowels (levelling of quantitative distinctions between vowels, monophthongising diphthongs and avoiding central vowels) systematically differentiates KenE from 'Standard Eng­ The following analysis is a feasibility study for a research project on lish', that is, southern British standard English (including RP), whereas 'English in East Africa: an independent African means of communi­ the pronunciation of consonants ('rll problems'
    [Show full text]
  • Participant-Internal Possibility Modality and It's
    ISSN 2039-2117 (online) Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol 6 No 5 S2 ISSN 2039-9340 (print) MCSER Publishing, Rome-Italy September 2015 Participant-internal Possibility Modality and It’s Coding by – A Bil Analytical Construction in Kazakh Gulzada Salmyrzakyzy Yeshniyaz Botagoz Ermekovna Tassyrova Dauren Bakhytzhanovich Boranbayev Kazakh Ablai Khan University of international relations and world languages, The Republic of Kazakhstan 050022, Almaty, Muratbaev Street, 200 Ruslan Askarbekovich Yermagambetov The Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda State University, The Republic of Kazakhstan, 120014, Kyzylorda, Aiteke Bie Street, 29A Doi:10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n5s2p211 Abstract This paper discusses the semantic paradigm of the participant-internal possibility modality as a subcategory of modality and it’s coding in Kazakh with –A bil analytical construction. We will show that –A bil expresses all semantic properties of participant- internal possibility modality such as inherent/ learnt and mental/physical. Therefore constitutes the core of the functional- semantic field of the given modality. The paper also accounts for the relation of –A bil in modal usage with other category operators such as aspect, tense and voice. Keywords: modality, ability, participant-internal, converb, functional approach 1. Introduction Despite the available vast literature on modality there is still does not exist the single definition of the domain of modality in linguistics. Mostly modality is understood as a united meaning of its subcategories which are still under scrutiny and new concepts are being offered which make difficult to stabilize the semantics of modality. It is not once noted that “the number of modalities one decide upon is to some extent a matter of different ways of slicing the same cake” (Perkins, 1983, p.10).
    [Show full text]
  • Epistemic Modality: English Must, Have to and Have Got to and Their Correspondences in Lithuanian
    ISSN 1392–1517. Online ISSN 2029–8315. KALBOTYRA. 2016 • 69 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15388/Klbt.2016.10374 (Non)epistemic modality: English must, have to and have got to and their correspondences in Lithuanian Audronė Šolienė Department of English Philology Vilnius University Universiteto g. 5 LT-01513 Vilnius, Lithuania Email: [email protected] Abstract This paper deals with the three types of modality – epistemic, deontic and dynamic. It examines the relation between the synchronic uses of the modal auxiliary must and the semi-modals have to and have got to as well as their Lithuanian translation correspondences (TCs) found in a bidirectional translation corpus. The study exploits quantitative and qualitative methods of research. The purpose is to find out which type of modality is most common in the use of must, have to and have got to; to establish their equivalents in Lithuanian in terms of congruent or non-congruent correspondence (Johansson 2007); and to determine how Lithuanian TCs (verbs or adverbials) correlate with different types of modality expressed. The analysis has shown that must is mostly used to convey epistemic nuances, while have to and have got to feature in non-epistemic environments. The findings show that must can boast of a great diversity of TCs. Some of them may serve as epistemic markers; others appear in deontic domains only. Have (got) to, on the other hand, is usually rendered by the modal verbs reikėti ‘need’ and turėti ‘must/have to’, which usually encode deontic modality. Key words: modality, epistemic, deontic, dynamic, necessity, obligation, translational correspondence, corpus-based analysis (Ne)episteminis modalumas: anglų kalbos must, have to ir have got to bei jų vertimo atitikmenys lietuvių kalboje Santrauka Šio darbo objektas yra trys anglų kalbos modaliniai veiksmažodžiai – must ‘turėti/ privalėti’, have to ir have got to ‘turėti/reikėti’ ir jų vertimo atitikmenys lietuvių kalboje.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rise of Canadian Raising of /Au/ in New Orleans English Katie Carmichael
    The rise of Canadian raising of /au/ in New Orleans English Katie Carmichael Citation: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 147, 554 (2020); doi: 10.1121/10.0000553 View online: https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0000553 View Table of Contents: https://asa.scitation.org/toc/jas/147/1 Published by the Acoustical Society of America ...................................ARTICLE The rise of Canadian raising of /au/ in New Orleans English Katie Carmichaela) Department of English, Virginia Tech, 181 Turner Street NW, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA ABSTRACT: New Orleans English (NOE) has always stood out amongst Southern Englishes, since NOE speakers do not participate in the Southern vowel shift, and instead display features more commonly associated with New York City English. While these traditional features of NOE are on the decline, this study establishes the adoption of a new feature in the dialect that is similarly distinctive within the Gulf South: the pre-voiceless raising of the nucleus of /au/. Based on statistical analyses and consideration of the social context in post-Katrina New Orleans, this paper argues that this feature is a change in progress which appears to pre-date the demographic shifts following Hurricane Katrina, and which arose independently rather than due to contact with /au/-raising speakers. The social and phonetic findings in this paper converge to support arguments for the naturalness of raising in pre-voiceless environments, and for the likelihood of this feature being more widely adopted within the region. Moreover, the presence of Canadian raising of /au/ in NOE represents an additional way that the local dialect continues to diverge from patterns in the vowel systems found in nearby Southern dialects, and retain its uniqueness within the American South.
    [Show full text]
  • MIINA NORVIK Future Time Reference Devices in Livonian in a Finnic Context
    DISSERTATIONES LINGUISTICAE UNIVERSITATIS TARTUENSIS 25 MIINA NORVIK Future time reference devices in Livonian in a Finnic context Tartu 2015 ISSN 1406-5657 ISBN 978-9949-32-962-5 DISSERTATIONES LINGUISTICAE UNIVERSITATIS TARTUENSIS 25 DISSERTATIONES LINGUISTICAE UNIVERSITATIS TARTUENSIS 25 MIINA NORVIK Future time reference devices in Livonian in a Finnic context University of Tartu, Institute of Estonian and General Linguistics Dissertation accepted for the commencement of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy on September 1st, 2015 by the Committee of the Institute of Estonian and General Linguistics, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Tartu Supervisors: Professor Karl Pajusalu, University of Tartu Professor Helle Metslang, University of Tartu Opponent: Professor Andra Kalnača, University of Latvia th Commencement: November 12 , 2015 at 14.15, room 139 in University main building, Ülikooli 18, Tartu This study has been supported by the European Social Fund Copyright: Miina Norvik, 2015 ISSN 1406-5657 ISBN 978-9949-32-962-5 (print) ISBN 978-9949-32-963-2 (pdf) University of Tartu Press www.tyk.ee FOREWORD In autumn 2004, I came to the University of Tartu with the idea of studying English language and literature as my major and law as my minor. But after I attended the first introductory course in general linguistics taught by Renate Pajusalu, I changed my mind and decided to go deeper into linguistics. So I took Estonian and Finno-Ugric linguistics as my minor. I became interested in tense, aspect and modality when being a Bachelor’s student. In a seminar paper I discussed the use of past tenses; in my Bachelor’s thesis I concentrated on the progressive aspect in English and Estonian.
    [Show full text]
  • Newcastle Upon Tyne; Male; Editor ‘Newcastle Stuff’ Thompson, Sheila, B
    BBC VOICES RECORDINGS http://sounds.bl.uk Title: Longbenton, Tyne & Wear Shelfmark: C1190/23/04 Recording date: 2005 Speakers: Hall, Marshall, b. 1960 Newcastle upon Tyne; male; Editor ‘Newcastle Stuff’ Thompson, Sheila, b. 1939 Newcastle upon Tyne; female Weaving, John Albert, b. 1938 Cramlington, Northumberland; male The interviewees are all related and share a strong interest in local dialect. Marshall and his mother, Sheila, and uncle, John, grew up in mining families. ELICITED LEXIS ○ see English Dialect Dictionary (1898-1905) * see Survey of English Dialects Basic Material (1962-1971) † see Dictionary of the Scots Language (online edition) ►see Romani Rokkeripen To-Divvus (1984) # see Dictionary of North East Dialect (2011) ∆ see New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English (2006) ◊ see Green’s Dictionary of Slang (2010) ♦ see Urban Dictionary (online) ⌂ no previous source (with this sense) identified pleased chuffed (“chuffed to heavens”) tired fagged; fagged out; tired; knackered, exhausted (of extreme tiredness); paggered# unwell bad fettle (“in a bad fettle”); not too clever; not over [aʊə] clever (“you divvent* look over [aʊə] clever to me”) hot het (of self/weather); hot cold cold ([kaːd] of self, [kaʊɫd] of weather, “I’m very cold [kaːd] today and it’s very cold [kaʊɫd] outside”) annoyed angry; aerated throw thraw (“thraw it over there”); hoy○ (“hoy it over here”) play truant skive (of school/work); wag off; knock it⌂1 1 OED (online edition) records ‘knock off’ in this sense but not ‘knock it’. http://sounds.bl.uk
    [Show full text]
  • English in Kenya Or Kenyan English?
    Introduction The present monograph is based on my doctoral dissertation and is targeted at researching the characteristic features of English used in Kenya, also taking into consideration the sociolinguistic factors. The aim of this study is to confirm or reject the status of Kenyan English – a hypothetical new variety of postcolonial English. The book consists of six chapters (two introductory and four analytical), Conclusions and seven Appendices. It opens with Chapter one which provides (1) the historical and sociolinguistic background for English in Kenya, (2) an account of Schneider’s Dynamic Model for postcolonial Englishes used as a ref- erence point in this study, (3) a review of related literature and an outline of the previous research into the issue of English in East Africa and, finally, (4) a presentation of the aims of the study. Chapter two contains a brief outline of problems, methods and tools con- nected with corpus linguistics as applied in this study and discusses the issues of language contact found relevant in light of this study. Chapter three is based on the fieldwork data collected by the author in Ken- ya and attempts to clarify the status of English, Kiswahili and tribal languages in light of Labov’s extralinguistic variables (2001: 147): age, gender, education, social background and occupation. Chapter four contains a quantitative comparison of the selected stylistic fea- tures of English in Kenya (ICE-K) and English in Great Britain (ICE-GB) to de- cide upon differences in formality levels between a non-native, multilingual and a native, monolingual use. The chi square test is used to confirm the statistical significance of the findings.
    [Show full text]
  • CLIPP Christiani Lehmanni Inedita, Publicanda, Publicata Speech-Act
    CLIPP Christiani Lehmanni inedita, publicanda, publicata titulus Speech-act participants in modality huius textus situs retis mundialis http://www.christianlehmann.eu/publ/lehmann_modality.pdf dies manuscripti postremum modificati 15.06.2012 occasio orationis habitae International Conference on Discorse and Grammar, Ghent University College, May 23-24, 2008 volumen publicationem continens ignotum annus publicationis ignotus paginae ignotae Speech-act participants in modality Christian Lehmann University of Erfurt Abstract Semantic accounts of subjective modality commonly assume that the speaker is the source of modal attitudes. However, there is a large body of data to suggest that attribut- ing a certain subjective modality to the speaker is the default only for the declarative sen- tence type. In interrogative sentences, it is often systematically the hearer who is credited with the modal attitude. For instance, Linda may go is commonly interpreted as ‘I allow Linda to go’. However, the interrogative version may Linda go? usually means ‘do you allow Linda to go?’ rather than ‘do I allow Linda to go?’ Modal operators from a small set of diverse language (English may , German sollen , Ko- rean -kess , Yucatec he’l , the Amharic and Kambaata jussive) are analyzed from the point of view of the shift of the modal assessor depending on sentence type. Some parallels from evidentiality and egophora are drawn. The result may be summarized as follows: By inferences or rules of grammar , subjective modalities may be attributed to a speech-act participant as their source. In declaratives, that is the speaker. In interrogatives, the speaker cedes the decision on the pragmatic focus to the hearer.
    [Show full text]
  • Trade in Information and Communications Services
    Trade in Information and Communication Services: Opportunities for East and Southern Africa Final Report on Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda A Study Commissioned by the Global Information and Communications Department, World Bank Telecommunications Management Group, Inc. Trade in Information and Communication Services: Opportunities for East and Southern Africa ii Trade in Information and Communication Services: Opportunities for East and Southern Africa This study was commissioned by the Global Information and Communication Technologies Department (GICT) of the World Bank and prepared by Telecommunications Management Group, Inc. (TMG). Funding for the study was provided under a Bank-Netherlands Partnership Program (BNPP) grant (Trust fund No 056459). It is based on interviews and research conducted in Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda in October 2006 and during follow-up meetings in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda in September-November 2007 (see Annex V "List of Meetings"), as well as on the reports and articles referenced in the study. TMG would like to express its gratitude for the assistance and invaluable input of Boutheina Guermazi from GICT (Task Team Leader of the trade in ICT project) and Lee Tuthill from the WTO (peer reviewer of the project). Under the grant, a one week seminar was conducted in Geneva to trade and ICT officials from the COMESA region. Discussions and presentations by WTO, UNCTAD, ITU, World Bank and COMESA staff have provided useful input to the report. TMG would also like to acknowledge feedback received on earlier drafts from Bjorn Wellenius, Mavis Ampah and David Tarr. iii Trade in Information and Communication Services: Opportunities for East and Southern Africa Contents 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Language Variation And. Identity
    LanguageVariation and.Identity in Sunderland (Volume 1) LourdesBurbano-Elizondo Doctor of Philosophy National Centre for English Cultural Tradition (School of English Literature, Language and Linguistics) The University of Sheffield September2008 Acknowledgments First and foremost I would like to expressmy gratitude to the National Centre for English Cultural Tradition for financially supporting this PhD and thus making possiblethe conductof this project. I would also like to thank Joan Beal (NATCECT, School of English Literature, Languageand Linguistics) and Emma Moore (School of English Literature, Language and Linguistics) for supervisingmy study and providing me with invaluable advice and supportthroughout the whole process.Tbanks also to the Departmentof English at EdgeHill University for their supportand facilitation. Thanks must go to the NECTE team for granting me accessto recordings and transcriptions when they were still in the process of completing the corpus. I am indebted to Carmen Llamas, Dom Watt, Paul Foulkes and Warren Maguire who at different stagesin my dataanalysis offered their guidanceand help. I am very grateful to Elizabeth Wiredu (Leaming Support Adviser from the Learning ServicesDepartment of Edge Hill University) for her assistancewith some of the statisticsconducted in the dataanalysis. My thanks are due to Lorenzo and Robin for providing me accommodationevery time I went up to Sunderlandto do my fieldwork. I must also gratefully acknowledgeall the Sunderlandpeople who volunteeredto participatein my study. This study would not havebeen possible without their help. Special thanks go to Anna, Natalia, Heike, Alice, John, Esther and Damien for innumerablefavours, support and encouragement.I must also thank Damien for his patienceand understanding,and his invaluablehelp proof-readingthis work.
    [Show full text]
  • Západočeská Univerzita V Plzni Fakulta Pedagogická Katedra
    Západočeská univerzita v Plzni Fakulta pedagogická Katedra anglického jazyka Bakalářská práce VÝZKUM DIALEKTŮ SPOJENÉHO KRÁLOVSTVÍ Ivan Audes Plzeň 2015 University of West Bohemia Faculty of Education Department of English Undergraduate Thesis DIALECT RESEARCH OF THE UNITED KINGDOM Ivan Audes Pilsen 2015 Prohlašuji, že jsem práci vypracoval samostatně s použitím uvedené literatury a zdrojů informací. V Plzni dne 30.6. 2015 ................................................... Ivan Audes ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my boundless gratitude to my supervisor PhDr. Naděžda Stašková, Ph.D. for her patience and guidance. I would also like to thank my beloved family for their support. ABSTRACT Audes, Ivan. University of West Bohemia, 2015. The Dialect Research of United Kingdom. Supervisor: PhDr. Naděžda Stašková Ph.D This bachelor thesis will consist of two parts - theoretical and practical. In the first part I will explore the term dialect itself and provide understandable definition of all the key words and all the derived expressions concerning this term. The main part of the thesis will be examining various dialects and accents used by people who speak English as their mother tongue and covering all the crucial information about them, e.g. typical features of each dialect, sociolinguistic aspect. I will also explore the historical background and development of each dialect and provide detailed study concerning this issue. I will also inspect the cultural aspect and convey the social development. The research will be divided into 4 parts, each part representing individual country, i.e. dialects of England, Wales, Scotland a Northern Ireland. In the empirical part I will analyze 4 specific dialects (one of each country/the most famous or peculiar ones) through given literary work.
    [Show full text]