DOCSLIB.ORG

New Orchids (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae and Vandoideae) in the Flora of Vietnam

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
New Orchids (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae and Vandoideae) in the Flora of Vietnam Taiwania 63(3): 195-219, 2018 DOI: 10.6165/tai.2018.63.195 New Orchids (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae and Vandoideae) in the Flora of Vietnam Leonid V. AVERYANOV1,*, Van Canh NGUYEN2, Hoang Tuan NGUYEN3, Ba Vuong TRUONG4, Phi Tam NGUYEN5, Sinh Khang NGUYEN6, Tatiana V. MAISAK1, Hiep Tien NGUYEN7, Duc Nam BUI8, Xuan Canh CHU9 1. Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popov Street 2, 197376, St. Petersburg, Russia. 2. Center of scientific research and practice , Thu Dau Mot University, No. 6 Tran Van Ơn Street, Phu Hoa ward, Thu Dau Mot city, Binh Duong province, Vietnam; [email protected] 3. 15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam; [email protected] 4. Institute of Tropical Biology, Dept. of Biological resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 85 Tran Quoc Toan St., Distr. 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; [email protected] 5. Viet Nam Post and Telecommunications Group – VNPT Lam Dong, 8 Tran Phu Street, Da Lat City, Lam Dong Province, Vietnam; [email protected] 6. Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam; [email protected] 7. Center for Plant Conservation, no. 25/32, lane 89, Lac Long Quan, Nghia Do, Cau Giay District, Ha Noi, Vietnam; [email protected] 8. Thach That General Hospital, 84 street, Kim Quan commune, Thach That district, Hanoi, Vietnam; [email protected] 9. 292 Thanh Nhan Street, Hai Ba Trung district, Hanoi, Vietnam; [email protected] *Corresponding author’s e-mails: [email protected] or [email protected] (Manuscript received 5 April 2018; accepted 21 June 2018; online published 10 July 2018) ABSTRACT: The paper continues our recent publication of new original data on orchid diversity in Vietnam (Averyanov et al., 2018a-c) obtained in 2016–2017. It includes data on 5 orchid species new for science (Calanthe nguyenthinhii Aver., Dendrobium truongcuongii Aver. & Canh, Gastrodia khangii Aver., Nephelaphyllum thaovyae Aver. & Canh and Podochilus truongtamii Aver. & Vuong) and 15 species, new for the flora of Vietnam (Calanthe ceciliae, Dendrobium eriiflorum, D. griffithianum, D. hekouense, D. minusculum, D. stuposum, D. xichouense, Eria lancifolia, E. xanthocheila, Geodorum terrestre, Liparis condylobulbon, L. tenuis, Luisia teres, Pomatocalpa maculosum, Porpax ustulata). Annotated species list includes the valid name, synonyms, type, citations of relevant taxonomic regional publications, data on ecology, phenology and distribution, estimated IUCN Red List status, studied specimens, brief taxonomic notes, and illustrations for each recorded species. Lectotypes for two species, Liparis tenuis, and Dendrobium exsculptum are proposed. When the new data presented in this paper are included, the documented orchid flora of Vietnam reaches at least 1243 species. KEY WORDS: Flora of Vietnam, Indochina, New species, Orchidaceae, Plant geography, Plant taxonomy, Nature protection. INTRODUCTION Dendrobium eriiflorum Griff., D. griffithianum Lindl., D. hekouense Z.J. Liu et L.J. Chen, D. minusculum Aver., This paper continues our recent publications of new D. stuposum Lindl., D. xichouense S.J. Cheng et Z.Z. original data on orchid diversity in Vietnam (Averyanov Tang, Eria lancifolia Hook.f., E. xanthocheila Ridl., et al, 2018a-c) obtained in the field studies mostly during Geodorum terrestre (L.) Garay, Liparis condylobulbon years 2016–2017 since last our publications (Averyanov Rchb.f., L. tenuis Downie, Luisia teres (Thunb.) Blume, et al., 2016a-d, 2017a, b; Averyanov and Maisak, 2017a, Pomatocalpa maculosum (Lindl.) J.J. Sm. and Porpax b; Nguyen and Averyanov, 2017). Like previous papers, ustulata (E.C. Parish et Rchb.f.) Rolfe. When the new it summarizes the results of joint efforts of professional data presented in this paper are included, the documented botanists and orchid enthusiasts on studies of orchid flora of Vietnam reaches at least 1243 species. Vietnamese native orchids from subfamilies Valid name, synonyms, type, citations of relevant Epidendroideae and Vandoideae leading to the discovery taxonomic regional publications, data on ecology, of 5 species new for science, namely Calanthe phenology and distribution, estimated IUCN Red List nguyenthinhii Aver., Dendrobium truongcuongii Aver. status and studied specimens as well as brief taxonomic & Canh, Gastrodia khangii Aver., Nephelaphyllum and biological notes are provided for each studied thaovyae Aver. & Canh and Podochilus truongtamii species. Lectotypes for two species, Liparis tenuis, and Aver. & Vuong. Additionally, fifteen species are Dendrobium exsculptum are proposed. reported and documented here as a new for the flora of An illustrated annotated list of all studied species Vietnam. These species are: Calanthe ceciliae Rchb.f., arranged in alphabetical order is presented below. 195 Taiwania Vol. 63, No. 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS Malesian species to the orchid flora of Vietnam. It shows remarkable geographical variation in its flowers color. Materials used in present studies were collected Plants with pink-purple flowers are most common in mainly during years 2016–2017. Some previously Java and Sumatra (Comber, 1990, 2001). White flowers collected herbarium specimens and living samples also tinged with violet are typical for the plants in Malay provided significant additional information of the Peninsular (Seidenfaden and Wood, 1992; Clayton and current investigation. Fresh plants, as well as flowers and Cribb, 2013). According to available collections and inflorescences from living plants, were fixed and stored observations, the flowers in Vietnam are pure white with in 60–65% ethanol. Measurements of the floral parts for light yellow callosity at the lip base. Specimens from descriptions were taken on both herbarium and liquid- Vietnam also differ from Malesian plants in spreading, fixed materials In describing of quantitative characters, obtriangular, truncate lip side lobes (vs. side lobes infrequent extreme values (i.e. rarely occurring minimal somewhat forward directed, ovate with roundish apex) and maximal values) of a variation range are and small median lobe much narrower than side lobes parenthesized before and after the normal variation with almost entire margin (vs. median lobe distinctly range. Detailed analytical photos of plant parts compiled wider than side lobes, finely denticulate along margin). into plates referred to here as “digital plates” or “digital Studied Vietnamese plants certainly represent distinct epitypes” were made from the living plants prior to geographical race, but the identification of its preparation of the appropriate herbarium specimens. taxonomical rank needs further studies and analysis of Taxa distribution in Vietnam is indicated in the text by more material. mentioning concerned provinces according to the Studied specimens. Southern Vietnam, Lam Dong province, official administrative country division (Viet Nam Bao Loc town, Loc Chau commune, Ba Mountain. Shady and wet, sometimes flooded place on the hillside. 700–800 m a.s.l. 15 August Administrative Atlas, 2007). The online version of the 2017, Nguyen Hoang Tuan, Nguyen Van Thien, Nguyen Huy Hau, s.n. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (2017) was used (LE). Plate – d-EXSICCATES OF VIETNAMESE FLORA for estimation of preliminary species conservation status. 0291/Nguyen Hoang Tuan et al., s.n. 15.08.2017 (Fig. 1). Southern Place of the housing of cited specimens is indicated by Vietnam, Dak Lak province, Chu Yang Sinh Mountains, cult. N.V. Canh, herbarium specimen prepared from cultivated plants 19 October accepted acronyms or respected Herbaria. The studied 2017, Nguyen Van Canh, L. Averyanov AL 320 (LE, LE – photo). taxa are listed below in alphabetical order. Northern Vietnam, with no exact location, cult. Nguyen Minh Duc, herbarium specimen prepared from cultivated plants 25 October 2017, TAXONOMIC TREATMENT L. Averyanov, T. Maisak AL 400 (LE, LE – photo). List of new orchids in the flora of Vietnam Calanthe nguyenthinhii Aver., sp. nov. Fig. 2 Calanthe ceciliae Rchb.f., 1883, Gard. Chron. n.s. 19, 1: Described from southern Vietnam. Type (“16 432; Seidenfaden, 1975, Dansk Bot. Ark. 29, 2: 19, fig. October 2017, Nguyen Phi Tam, L. Averyanov, T. 5; Comber, 1990, Orch. Java: 95, fig.; id., 2001, Orch. Maisak, AL 287”) – LE (holotype), was prepared from Sumatra: 271, fig.; Seidenfaden, Wood, 1992, Orch. the flowering plant cultivated in Dalat Town by Nguyen Pennins. Malaysia Singapore: 169, fig. 72b-c.; Kurzweil, Phi Tam. The living plant was collected in Lam Dong 2010, Adansonia, ser. 3, 32, 1: 84; Clayton, Cribb, 2013, province, Lac Duong district, Da Chais municipality, Gen. Calanthe: 250, pl. 35E-G. Bidoup Mountains, an evergreen forest at elevation 1600 Fig. 1 m a.s.l., 21 January 2017 by Nguyen Van Thinh, sine n. Described from Malayan Peninsula (“Most probably Digital epitype – d-EXSICCATES OF VIETNAMESE this Calanthe, from the Malayan peninsular…, Messrs. FLORA 0297/AL 287 (Fig. 2). H. Low & Co. …”). Type (“cult. Low”) – W-RCHB Etymology. The specific epithet refers the name of 2196 (holotype). the plant discoverer, Nguyen Van Thinh, orchid explorer Habitat, phenology and conservation status. and grower from Dalat town, Lam Dong province. Terrestrial rosulate herb. Primary and secondary Description. Terrestrial herb with few erect evergreen broad-leaved submontane forests, commonly abbreviated stems densely clustering on the short
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 75. LIPARIS Richard, De Orchid. Eur. 21, 30, 38. 1817, Nom. Cons. 羊耳蒜属 Yang Er Suan Shu Chen Xinqi (陈心启 Chen Sing-Chi); Paul Ormerod, Jeffrey J
    Flora of China 25: 211–228. 2009. 75. LIPARIS Richard, De Orchid. Eur. 21, 30, 38. 1817, nom. cons. 羊耳蒜属 yang er suan shu Chen Xinqi (陈心启 Chen Sing-chi); Paul Ormerod, Jeffrey J. Wood Alipsa Hoffmannsegg; Anistylis Rafinesque; Diteilis Rafinesque; Dituilis Rafinesque; Empusa Lindley; Empusaria Reichen- bach; Iebine Rafinesque; Leptorkis Thouars; Malaxis sect. Platystylis Blume; Mesoptera Rafinesque; Paliris Dumortier; Platystylis (Blume) Lindley (1830), not Sweet (1828); Pseudorchis Gray (1821), not Séguier (1754); Sturmia Reichenbach (1826), not Hoppe (1799). Herbs, terrestrial, lithophytic, or epiphytic, rhizomatous, rarely mycotrophic and leaves reduced to scales. Stems pseudobulbous, sometimes appearing as a many-noded, fleshy stem, clustered or not, when young covered by sterile bracts. Leaves 1 to several, linear to ovate or elliptic, plicate or not, thinly textured to leathery, basal or cauline (terrestrial species), or arising from apex or sub- terminal nodes of pseudobulbs (epiphytic species), articulate or not at base. Inflorescences erect to pendulous, racemose, laxly or densely many flowered; floral bracts persistent, small. Flowers small or medium-sized, yellow, green, orange, or purple, often translucent, usually resupinate. Sepals spreading, dorsal sepal free, lateral sepals sometimes fused for part or all of their length. Petals free, often reflexed, often linear and unlike sepals; lip often reflexed, ovate, oblong, or flabellate, entire or lobed, usually with a basal callus, lacking a spur. Column incurved-arcuate, clavate, long, winged at apex and sometimes at base; anther cap attached by a slen- der filament, 2-locular; pollinia 4 in 2 pairs, waxy, ovoid, bilaterally flattened, each pair with a small viscidium; rostellum thinly textured, blunt.
    [Show full text]
  • Typification of Infrageneric Taxa in Dendrobium(Orchidaceae)
    Typification of infrageneric taxa in Dendrobium (Orchidaceae) André Schuiteman Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, United Kingdom; e-mail: [email protected] Introduction Abstract The nomenclature of infrageneric taxa in Orchidaceae on occasion In order to stabilise the nomenclature borders on the chaotic. In the past, names were often proposed in a of infrageneric taxa in Dendrobium, type species are chosen for those highly informal fashion, with little concern for typification, priority, taxa for which this has not been precise circumscription, or even ranking. Such names were frequently done previously. In all, 35 names are applied to sets of species which had little in common beyond one or typified, including one genus name a few key characters. Those who used these names rarely cited their (Onychium), and assigned to sections authors, while the circumscription of the taxa often varied considerably of Dendrobium as recognised in Genera Orchidacearum. from one botanist to the next. It was not uncommon that earlier names were deliberately disregarded, to be replaced with new names that Keywords: Dendrobium, infrageneric taxa, nomenclature, taxonomy more or less covered the same groups. As a result, the nomenclature and systematics of many infrageneric taxa were, and sometimes still are, Muelleria 30(1): 3–7 (2012) extremely confused. In Dendrobium, one of the largest orchid genera with some 1500 species (Pridgeon et al., in prep.), well over 200 subgenera, sections and subsections have been proposed. Examples of all the problems just mentioned can be found in abundance in this gargantuan taxon. Fortunately, many of these problems can be solved rather easily by carefully typifying the taxa involved.
    [Show full text]
  • The Diversity of Wild Orchids in the Southern Slope of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Eight Years After the 2010 Eruption
    BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 21, Number 9, September 2020 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 4457-4465 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210964 The diversity of wild orchids in the southern slope of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta, Indonesia eight years after the 2010 eruption FEBRI YUDA KURNIAWAN1,2,♥, FAUZANA PUTRI2,3, AHMAD SUYOKO2,3, HIMAWAN MASYHURI2,3, MAYA PURQI SULISTIANINGRUM2,3, ENDANG SEMIARTI3,♥♥ 1Postgraduate School, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Jl. Teknika Utara, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Tel./fax. +62-274-544975, email: [email protected] 2Biology Orchid Study Club (BiOSC), Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 3Department of Tropical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Tel./fax.: +62-274-580839, email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 21 August 2020. Revision accepted: 31 August 2020. Abstract. Kurniawan FY, Putri F, Suyoko A, Masyhuri H, Sulistianingrum MP, Semiarti E. 2020. The diversity of wild orchids in the southern slope of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta, Indonesia eight years after the 2010 eruption. Biodiversitas 21: 4457-4465. The ecosystem of the slopes of Mount Merapi is mountain tropical forest which is frequently affected by volcanic activities. The dynamics of the volcano affect the diversity and abundance of orchids in the ecosystem. Tritis is an area included in the Turgo Hill of the southern slope of Mount Merapi and is under the management of Mount Merapi National Park. The ecosystem in Tritis area classified as lower mountain forest and it has been affected by Mount Merapi eruption. This study aimed to do an inventory of orchid species in Tritis to know the diversity and abundance of orchids that exist in this area.
    [Show full text]
  • 65 Possibly Lost Orchid Treasure of Bangladesh
    J. biodivers. conserv. bioresour. manag. 3(1), 2017 POSSIBLY LOST ORCHID TREASURE OF BANGLADESH AND THEIR ENUMERATION WITH CONSERVATION STATUS Rashid, M. E., M. A. Rahman and M. K. Huda Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh Abstract The study aimed at determining the status of occurrence of the orchid treasure of Bangladesh for providing data for Planning National Conservation Strategy and Development of Conservation Management. 54 orchid species are assessed to be presumably lost from the flora of Bangladesh due to environmental degradation and ecosystem depletion. The assessment of their status of occurrence was made based on long term field investigation, collection and identification of orchid taxa; examination and identification of herbarium specimens preserved at CAL, E, K, DACB, DUSH, BFRIH,BCSIRH, HCU; and survey of relevant upto date floristic literature. These species had been recorded from the present Bangladesh territory for more than 50 to 100 years ago, since then no further report of occurrence or collection from elsewhere in Bangladesh is available and could not be located to their recorded localities through field investigations. Of these, 29 species were epiphytic in nature and 25 terrestrial. More than 41% of these taxa are economically very important for their potential medicinal and ornamental values. Enumeration of these orchid taxa is provided with updated nomenclature, bangla name(s) and short annotation with data on habitats, phenology, potential values, recorded locality, global distribution conservation status and list of specimens available in different herbaria. Key words: Orchid species, lost treasure, Bangladesh, conservation status, assessment. INTRODUCTION The orchid species belonging to the family Orchidaceae are represented mostly in the tropical parts of the world by 880 genera and about 26567 species (Cai et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Connecting Plants and People
    THE NEWSLEttER OF THE SINGAPORE BOTANIC GARDENS VOLUME 34, JANUARY 2010 ISSN 0219-1688 of connecting plants and people p13 Collecting & conserving Thai Convolvulaceae p2 Sowing the seeds of conservation in an oil palm plantation p8 Spindle gingers – jewels of Singapores forests p24 VOLUME 34, JANUARY 2010 Message from the director Chin See Chung ARTICLES 2 Collecting & conserving Thai Convolvulaceae George Staples 6 Spotlight on research: a PhD project on Convolvulaceae George Staples 8 Sowing the seeds of conservation in an oil palm plantation Paul Leong, Serena Lee 12 Propagation of a very rare orchid, Khoo-Woon Mui Hwang, Lim-Ho Chee Len Robiquetia spathulata Whang Lay Keng, Ali bin Ibrahim 150 years of connecting plants and people: Terri Oh 2 13 The making of stars Two minds, one theory - Wallace & Darwin, the two faces of evolution theory I do! I do! I do! One evening, two stellar performances In Search of Gingers Botanical diplomacy The art of botanical painting Fugitives fleurs: a unique perspective on floral fragments Falling in love Born in the Gardens A garden dialogue - Reminiscences of the Gardens 8 Children celebrate! Botanical party Of saints, ships and suspense Birthday wishes for the Gardens REGULAR FEATURES Around the Gardens 21 Convolvulaceae taxonomic workshop George Staples What’s Blooming 18 22 Upside down or right side up? The baobab tree Nura Abdul Karim Ginger and its Allies 24 Spindle gingers – jewels of Singapores forests Jana Leong-Škornicková From Education Outreach 26 “The Green Sheep” – a first for babies and toddlers at JBCG Janice Yau 27 International volunteers at the Jacob Ballas Children’s Garden Winnie Wong, Janice Yau From Taxonomy Corner 28 The puzzling bathroom bubbles plant..
    [Show full text]
  • Forma Nov.: a New Peloric Orchid from Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan
    The Japanese Society for Plant Systematics ISSN 1346-7565 Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 65 (3): 127–139 (2014) Cephalanthera falcata f. conformis (Orchidaceae) forma nov.: A New Peloric Orchid from Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan 1,* 1 1 HirosHi Hayakawa , CHiHiro Hayakawa , yosHinobu kusumoto , tomoko 1 1 2 3,4 nisHida , Hiroaki ikeda , tatsuya Fukuda and Jun yokoyama 1National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan. *[email protected] (author for correspondences); 2Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Nan- koku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan; 3Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Kojirakawa, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan; 4Institute for Regional Innovation, Yamagata University, Kaminoyama, Yamagata 999-3101, Japan We recognize a new peloric form of the orchid Cephalanthera falcata (Thunb.) Blume f. conformis Hi- ros. Hayak. et J. Yokoy., which occurs in the vicinity of the Tsukuba mountain range in Ibaraki Prefec- ture, Japan. This peloric form is sympatric with C. falcata f. falcata. The peloric flowers have a petal-like lip. The flowers are radially symmetrical and the perianth parts spread weakly compared to normal flow- ers. The stigmas are positioned at the column apex, thus neighboring stigmas and the lower parts of the pollinia are conglutinated. We observed similar vegetative traits among C. falcata f. falcata, C. falcata f. albescens S. Kobayashi, and C. falcata f. conformis. The floral morphology in C. falcata f. conformis resembles that of C. nanchuanica (S.C. Chen) X.H. Jin et X.G. Xiang (i.e., similar petal-like lip and stig- ma position at the column apex; syn. Tangtsinia nanchuanica S.C.
    [Show full text]
  • 90. GEODORUM Jackson, Bot. Repos. 10: Ad T. 626. 1811. 地宝兰属 Di Bao Lan Shu Chen Xinqi (陈心启 Chen Sing-Chi); Phillip J
    Flora of China 25: 258–260. 2009. 90. GEODORUM Jackson, Bot. Repos. 10: ad t. 626. 1811. 地宝兰属 di bao lan shu Chen Xinqi (陈心启 Chen Sing-chi); Phillip J. Cribb, Stephan W. Gale Cistella Blume; Ortmannia Opiz; Otandra Salisbury. Herbs, terrestrial, medium-sized, leafy. Pseudobulbs subterranean, cormlike or tuberous, usually globose, few noded, borne on a short rhizome and usually forming clusters, with several thick roots at nodes. Leaves arising from basal node of pseudobulb, several, uppermost largest, contracted into a long petiole-like stalk at base, plicate; petiole-like stalk usually equitant and forming a pseudo- stem, articulate. Inflorescence arising from basal node of pseudobulb, terminal, racemose; peduncle erect at base, curved through 180° and drooping toward apex; rachis pendulous but becoming erect in fruit, short, usually densely several to many flowered and appearing capitate. Flowers medium-sized or small, not opening widely, not resupinate but, because peduncle pendulous at apex, lip positioned lowermost. Sepals and petals similar though petals usually slightly broader, free, not spreading; lip unlobed or obscurely 3-lobed, base usually saccate, without a distinct spur; disk usually with a callus composed of ridges or wartlike projections. Column short, with a short column foot; anther terminal, 1-locular or incompletely 2-locular, with cap; pollinia 2, usually cleft, waxy, attached to a broad stipe and a large viscidium. About ten species: from tropical Asia, as far north as S Japan (Ryukyu Islands), to Australia and the SW Pacific islands; six species (two endemic) in China. 1a. Inflorescence usually taller than leaves. 2a. Flowers white ...................................................................................................................................................... 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Priorities and Future Directions in Conservation of Wild Orchids in Sri Lanka: a Review
    Nature Conservation Research. Заповедная наука 2020. 5(Suppl.1): 34–45 https://dx.doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2020.029 RESEARCH PRIORITIES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN CONSERVATION OF WILD ORCHIDS IN SRI LANKA: A REVIEW J. Dananjaya Kottawa-Arachchi1,*, R. Samantha Gunasekara2 1Tea Research Institute of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka 2Lanka Nature Conservationists, Sri Lanka *e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Received: 24.03.2020. Revised: 22.05.2020. Accepted: 29.05.2020. Together with Western Ghats, Sri Lanka is a biodiversity hotspot amongst the 35 regions known worldwide. Considering the Sri Lankan orchids, 70.6% of the orchid species, including 84% of the endemics, are categorised as threatened. The distribution of the family Orchidaceae is mostly correlated with the distribution pattern of the main bioclimatic zones which is governed by the amount and intensity of rainfall and altitude. Habitat deterioration and degradation, clearing of vegetation, intentional forest fires and spread of invasive alien species are significant threats to native species. Illegally collection and exporting of indigenous species has been another alarming issue in the past decades. Protection of native species, increased public awareness, enforcement of legislation and introduction of new propagation techniques would certainly bring a beneficial effect to the native orchid flora. Conduct awareness programs, strengthen existing laws, and reviewing the legal framework related to the native orchid flora could be vital for future conservation. Apart from the identification of new species and their distribution, future research on understanding soil chemical and physical parameters of terrestrial habitats, plant association of terrestrial orchids, phenology patterns and interactions of pollinators, associations with mycorrhiza, effect of invasive alien species and impact of climate change are highlighted.
    [Show full text]
  • Phytogeographic Review of Vietnam and Adjacent Areas of Eastern Indochina L
    KOMAROVIA (2003) 3: 1–83 Saint Petersburg Phytogeographic review of Vietnam and adjacent areas of Eastern Indochina L. V. Averyanov, Phan Ke Loc, Nguyen Tien Hiep, D. K. Harder Leonid V. Averyanov, Herbarium, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popov str. 2, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Phan Ke Loc, Department of Botany, Viet Nam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam. E-mail: [email protected] Nguyen Tien Hiep, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources of the National Centre for Natural Sciences and Technology of Viet Nam, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam. E-mail: [email protected] Dan K. Harder, Arboretum, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] The main phytogeographic regions within the eastern part of the Indochinese Peninsula are delimited on the basis of analysis of recent literature on geology, geomorphology and climatology of the region, as well as numerous recent literature information on phytogeography, flora and vegetation. The following six phytogeographic regions (at the rank of floristic province) are distinguished and outlined within eastern Indochina: Sikang-Yunnan Province, South Chinese Province, North Indochinese Province, Central Annamese Province, South Annamese Province and South Indochinese Province. Short descriptions of these floristic units are given along with analysis of their floristic relationships. Special floristic analysis and consideration are given to the Orchidaceae as the largest well-studied representative of the Indochinese flora. 1. Background The Socialist Republic of Vietnam, comprising the largest area in the eastern part of the Indochinese Peninsula, is situated along the southeastern margin of the Peninsula.
    [Show full text]
  • Orchid Historical Biogeography, Diversification, Antarctica and The
    Journal of Biogeography (J. Biogeogr.) (2016) ORIGINAL Orchid historical biogeography, ARTICLE diversification, Antarctica and the paradox of orchid dispersal Thomas J. Givnish1*, Daniel Spalink1, Mercedes Ames1, Stephanie P. Lyon1, Steven J. Hunter1, Alejandro Zuluaga1,2, Alfonso Doucette1, Giovanny Giraldo Caro1, James McDaniel1, Mark A. Clements3, Mary T. K. Arroyo4, Lorena Endara5, Ricardo Kriebel1, Norris H. Williams5 and Kenneth M. Cameron1 1Department of Botany, University of ABSTRACT Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, Aim Orchidaceae is the most species-rich angiosperm family and has one of USA, 2Departamento de Biologıa, the broadest distributions. Until now, the lack of a well-resolved phylogeny has Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia, 3Centre for Australian National Biodiversity prevented analyses of orchid historical biogeography. In this study, we use such Research, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia, a phylogeny to estimate the geographical spread of orchids, evaluate the impor- 4Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, tance of different regions in their diversification and assess the role of long-dis- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, tance dispersal (LDD) in generating orchid diversity. 5 Santiago, Chile, Department of Biology, Location Global. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA Methods Analyses use a phylogeny including species representing all five orchid subfamilies and almost all tribes and subtribes, calibrated against 17 angiosperm fossils. We estimated historical biogeography and assessed the
    [Show full text]
  • Cleisostoma Blume 1825
    Hội Hoa Lan Việt Nam www.hoalanvietnam.org Cleisostoma Blume 1825 Trên thế giới có khoảng 100 giống, Việt nam có 21. 1. Cleisostoma arietinum (Rchb. f.) Garay 1972 Đồng danh: Echioglossum arietinum (Rchb.f.) Szlach. 2003; Saccolabium kunstleri [King & Pantl.] Ridley 1907; Sarcanthus arietinus Rchb.f. 1869. Ảnh: Nguyễn Minh Đức Ảnh: Nguyễn Minh Đức Tên Việt: Mật khẩu đầu bò (PHH), Miệng kín cong (TH). Mô Tả: Phong lan nhỏ, cao 10-15 phân, thân đơn lá cứng và cong. Chùm hoa dài 10-12 phân, hoa 15-20 chiếc, nhỏ 6-7 ly. Nơi mọc: Lâm Đồng. Cleisostoma armigera King & Pantl. - xin xem Pomatocalpa aemigerum F.T.Wang. Cleisostoma aspersum (Rchb.f.) Garay 1972 - xin xem Stereochilus bicuspidatus (Hook. f.) King & Pantl. 1898. 1 Hội Hoa Lan Việt Nam www.hoalanvietnam.org 2. Cleisostoma birmanicum (Schltr.) Garay 1972 Đồng danh: Sarcanthus birmanicus (Schltr.) Seidenf. & Smitinand 1965; Sarcanthus ophioglossa Guillaumin 1930. Ảnh: Huỳnh Hậu Ảnh: Phan Kế Lộc Tên Việt: Mật khâu Miến điện (PHH), Miệng kín hai gai (TH). Mô tả: Phong lan thấp nhỏ, thân, lá, cứng, Chùm hoa vài chiếc dài 15-20 phân, hoa 15-20 chiếc, to 2 phân, nở liên tiếp vào mùa Xuân. Nơi mọc: Tam Đảo, Vĩnh Phú, Quảng Trị, Nha Trang, Tây Nguyên, Lâm Đồng. 3. Cleisostoma chantaburiense Seidenf. 1975 Đồng danh: Echioglossum chantaburiense (Seidenf.) Szlach. 1995. Ảnh: exoticbulbophyllum.tripod.com Ảnh: Bùi Xuân Đáng Tên Việt: Mật khẩu Chantaburi (PHH), Miệng kín Lộc Ninh (TH). Mô tả: Phong lan nhỏ, cao 20 phân, lá phẳng. Hoa nhiều chùm, dài 20 phân cong xuống, hoa 15-20 chiếc, to 1.5 phân, nở vào mùa Thu.
    [Show full text]
  • Epilist 1.0: a Global Checklist of Vascular Epiphytes
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2021 EpiList 1.0: a global checklist of vascular epiphytes Zotz, Gerhard ; Weigelt, Patrick ; Kessler, Michael ; Kreft, Holger ; Taylor, Amanda Abstract: Epiphytes make up roughly 10% of all vascular plant species globally and play important functional roles, especially in tropical forests. However, to date, there is no comprehensive list of vas- cular epiphyte species. Here, we present EpiList 1.0, the first global list of vascular epiphytes based on standardized definitions and taxonomy. We include obligate epiphytes, facultative epiphytes, and hemiepiphytes, as the latter share the vulnerable epiphytic stage as juveniles. Based on 978 references, the checklist includes >31,000 species of 79 plant families. Species names were standardized against World Flora Online for seed plants and against the World Ferns database for lycophytes and ferns. In cases of species missing from these databases, we used other databases (mostly World Checklist of Selected Plant Families). For all species, author names and IDs for World Flora Online entries are provided to facilitate the alignment with other plant databases, and to avoid ambiguities. EpiList 1.0 will be a rich source for synthetic studies in ecology, biogeography, and evolutionary biology as it offers, for the first time, a species‐level overview over all currently known vascular epiphytes. At the same time, the list represents work in progress: species descriptions of epiphytic taxa are ongoing and published life form information in floristic inventories and trait and distribution databases is often incomplete and sometimes evenwrong.
    [Show full text]