APPENDIX: ELIZABETH Gaskell's PUBLICATIONS and PUBLISHERS

Appendix: Elizabeth Gaskell’s Publications and Publishers

This Appendix lists Gaskell’s short stories, journalism and novels in chron- ological order, together with the publication in which they frst appeared or the publisher. It also indicates the attribution of each of the texts.

Title Date Publication/publisher Attribution

Clopton Hall 1838 The Rural Life of England Unattributed (Howitt) Cheshire Customs 1838 The Rural Life of England Unattributed (Howitt) Libbie Marsh’s Three 1847 Howitt’s Journal Cotton Mather Mills Eras Esq The Sexton’s Hero 1847 Howitt’s Journal Cotton Mather Mills Esq Christmas Storms and 1848 Howitt’s Journal Cotton Mather Mills Sunshine Esq Mary Barton 1848 Chapman and Hall Unattributed Hand and Heart 1849 Sunday School Penny Mrs Gaskell Magazine The Last Generation in 1849 Sartain’s Union Magazine By the author of England Mary Barton The Moorland Cottage 1850 Chapman and Hall By the author of Mary Barton Martha Preston 1850 Sartain’s Union Magazine By the author of Mary Barton Lizzie Leigh 1850 Household Words

© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature 171 Switzerland AG 2021 C. Lambert, Elizabeth Gaskell’s Smaller Stories, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79705-8 172 APPENDIX: ELIZABETH GASKELL’S PUBLICATIONS AND PUBLISHERS

Title Date Publication/publisher Attribution

The Well of Pen-Morfa 1850 Household Words Unattributed The Heart of John 1850 Household Words Unattributed Middleton Mr Harrison’s 1851 Ladies Companion and Unattributed Confessions Monthly Magazine Disappearances 1851 Household Words Unattributed Two Reviews 1851 The Athenaeum Unattributed Cranford 1851–1853 Household Words Unattributed Bessy’s Troubles at 1852 Sunday School Penny Mrs Gaskell Home Magazine The Schah’s English 1852 Household Words Unattributed Gardener The Old Nurse’s Story 1852 Household Words Unattributed Cumberland Sheep 1853 Household Words Unattributed Shearers Traits and Stories of the 1853 Household Words Unattributed Huguenots Morton Hall 1853 Household Words Unattributed My French Master 1853 Household Words Unattributed The Squire’s Story 1853 Household Words Unattributed Ruth 1853 Chapman and Hall By the author of Mary Barton Modern Greek Songs 1854 Household Words Unattributed Company Manners 1854 Household Words Unattributed An Accursed Race 1855 Household Words Unattributed Half a Life-Time Ago 1855 Household Words Unattributed North and South 1855 Chapman and Hall The Poor Clare 1856 Household Words Unattributed The Half Brothers 1856 Fulcher’s Ladies Memorandum Book Preface to Mabel 1857 Sampson Low Vaughan Life of Charlotte Bronte 1857 Smith, Elder & Co. E.C. Gaskell An Incident at Niagara 1858 Harpers New Monthly Falls Magazine Right at Last (The Sin 1858 Household Words Unattributed of a Father) The Manchester 1858 Household Words Unattributed Marriage My Lady Ludlow 1858 Household Words Unattributed The Doom of the 1858 Harper’s New Monthly Griffths Magazine Round the Sofa 1859 Samson Low Lois the Witch 1859 All the Year Round Unattributed APPENDIX: ELIZABETH GASKELL’S PUBLICATIONS AND PUBLISHERS 173

Title Date Publication/publisher Attribution

aThe Crooked Branch 1859 All the Year Round Unattributed Curious if True 1860 Cornhill Magazine The Grey Woman 1861 All the Year Round Unattributed Preface to Garibaldi at 1862 Macmillan Caprera Six Weeks at 1862 Cornhill Magazine Heppenheim Shams 1863 Fraser’s Magazine An Italian Institution 1863 All the Year Round Unattributed Robert Gould Shaw 1863 Macmillan The Cage at Cranford 1863 All the Year Round Unattributed A Dark Night’s Work 1863 All the Year Round By the authoress of Mary Barton aCrowley Castle 1863 All the Year Round Unattributed Sylvia’s Lovers 1863 Smith, Elder & Co. Mrs Gaskell Cousin Phillis 1863–1864 Cornhill Magazine French Life 1864 Fraser’s Magazine Review of W Torrens 1865 Reader: A Review of Lancashire’s Lesson Current Literature Wives and Daughters 1866 Cornhill Magazine aBoth of these stories are attributed to ‘Mrs Gaskell’ in the list of contents to the collected volume of stories (as are the other contributors) but unattributed in the collections themselves (Dickens 1868). Bibliography

Primary Sources

Published Primary Sources Anon. The New Female Instructor or Young Woman’s Guide to Domestic Happiness. London: Thomas Kelly, 1834. Bamford, Samuel. The Autobiography of Samuel Bamford. Volume 1: Early Days. W. H. Chaloner, ed. London: Frank Cass, [1844], 1967. Bayly, Thomas Haynes. The Mistletoe Bough. c 1830 in The News Chronicle Christmastide Melodies. London: The News Chronicle Publications Department (n.d.). Browning, Robert. The Poetical Works of Robert Browning. London: Oxford University Press, 1960. Cassell’s Household Guide: Being a Complete Encyclopaedia of Domestic and Social Economy etc. London: 1869, Vols. 1–IV. Chapple, J A V and Pollard, Arthur eds. The Letters of Mrs Gaskell. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1997. Chapple, J A V and Shelston, Alan eds. Further Letters of Mrs Gaskell. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2003. D’Aulnoy, Marie-Catherine, John Ashberry, trans. ‘The White Cat’ in Wonder Tales: Six Stories of Enchantment, ed. Marina Warner. London: Chatto and Windus, 1994. pp. 19–63. Dickens, Charles. The Christmas Numbers of All the Year Round. London: Chapman and Hall, 1868.

Gaskell, Elizabeth. The Works of Elizabeth Gaskell, Volume 1: Journalism, Early Fiction and Personal Writings. Shattock, Joanne, ed. London: Pickering and Chatto, 2005. Gaskell, Elizabeth. The Works of Elizabeth Gaskell, Volume 2: Novellas and Shorter Fiction 1. Shelston, Alan, ed. London: Pickering and Chatto, 2005. Gaskell, Elizabeth. The Works of Elizabeth Gaskell, Volume 3: Novellas and Shorter Fiction 1I. Mitchell, Charlotte, ed. London: Pickering and Chatto, 2005. Gaskell, Elizabeth. The Works of Elizabeth Gaskell, Volume 4: Novellas and Shorter Fiction I1I. Hughes, Linda, ed. London: Pickering and Chatto, 2006. Gaskell, Elizabeth. The Works of Elizabeth Gaskell, Volume 5: Mary Barton. Wilkes, Joanne, ed. London: Pickering and Chatto, 2005. Gaskell, Elizabeth. The Works of Elizabeth Gaskell, Volume 7: North and South. Jay, Elisabeth, ed. London: Pickering and Chatto, 2005. Gaskell, Elizabeth. The Works of Elizabeth Gaskell, Volume 8: The Life of Charlotte Brontë. Peterson, Linda H, ed. London: Pickering and Chatto, 2006. Gaskell, Elizabeth. ‘The Ghost in the Garden Room’ edited with an introduction and notes by Fran Baker. Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester, Volume 86, Number 1, Spring 2004, pp. cxxiv–84. Gaskell, Elizabeth. Cranford, with a preface by Anne Thackeray Ritchie. London: Macmillan and Co.; Limited, 1907. Gaskell, William. The Duties of the Individual to Society: A Sermon on Occasion of the Death of Sir John Potter M.P. Preached at Cross Street Chapel, Manchester, October 31st, 1858, with the address at the Interment on the day preceding. London: E.T. Whitfeld, 1858. Green, Henry. Christian Doctrine as generally held by Unitarians. John Rylands Library: Jamison Family Archive, Box 4/5, n.d. Herford, Brooke. Travers Madge: A Memoir. 3rd edition. London: Hamilton, Adams and Company, 1868. Holland, Henry. Chapters on Mental Physiology: London: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green and Longmans, 1852. Kingsley, Charles. The Water Babies. London: Macmillan, 1863. Mackay, Charles. Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions. London: Richard Bentley, 1841. Madden, Richard Robert. Phantasmata: or Illusions and Fanatacisms of protean forms productive of great evils. London: T C Newby, 1857. Martineau, Harriet. Miscellanies. Volume 1. Hilliard, Gray and Company: Boston, 1836. Martineau, James. Endeavours after the Christian Life. Fourth edition. London: Longmans, Green, Reader and Dyer, 1867. Prichard, James Cowles. A Treatise on Insanity and Other Disorders Affecting the Mind. London: Sherwood, Gilbert, and Piper, 1835. Ritchie, Anne Thackeray. Blackstick Papers. London: Smith, Elder, & Co. 1908. BIBLIOGRAPHY 177

Stickney-Ellis, Sarah. The Wives of England. London: Fisher, Son & Co, 1843. Storey, Graham, Fielding, Kenneth, eds. The Letters of Charles Dickens, Volume V: 1847–49. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981. Storey, Graham, Tillotson, Kathleen and Burgis, Nina eds. The Letters of Charles Dickens, Volume VI: 1850–52. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988. Storey, Graham, Tillotson, Kathleen and Easson, Angus eds. The Letters of Charles Dickens, Volume VII: 1853–55. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993. Storey, Graham, ed. The Letters of Charles Dickens, Volume IX: 1859–61. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997. Thackeray, William. The Rose and The Ring. New York and London: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1854.

Nineteenth-Century Newspapers, Periodicals, and Reports Dickens, Charles. ‘Frauds on the Fairies’. Household Words, Saturday, October 1, 1853, pp. 97–101. Gaskell, Elizabeth. ‘The Last Generation in England’ in Sartain’s Union Magazine, July 1849, V, pp. 45–68. Howitt’s Journal of Literature and Popular Progress. Howitt, William and Howitt, Mary eds. London: William Lovett, 1847–1848. Martineau, Harriet. ‘On Witchcraft’. Monthly Repository, August 1832, 6: 68, pp. 545–555. Savage, George. ‘An Address on the Borderland of Insanity’. British Medical Journal, 1, No 2357, 1906, pp. 489–490. Shelley, Mary. ‘On Ghosts’, London Magazine 9 (March 1824), pp. 253–256. The Sunday School Penny Magazine. Published by the Manchester District Sunday School Association. London: E.T. Whitfeld, 2, Essex Street, Strand; Manchester: J.T. Parkes; Johnson, Rawson, and Co.; Liverpool: I.T. Ellerbeck. J. Parker, Printer, Wortley. Vol. II, 1849. The Sunday School Penny Magazine. Published by the Manchester District Sunday School Association. London: Edward T. Whitfeld, 2, Essex Street, Strand; Manchester: Johnson, Rawson, & Co., Corporation-Street; James Payne, Market-Street; Abel Heywood, Oldham-Street. Liverpool: I.T. Ellerbeck. Vol. 2, 1852. Unattributed. ‘On Female Education and Occupations’, Monthly Repository, 7: 73, January 1833. Unattributed review. ‘Fairy Tales, Selected from the Best Authors’, Monthly Review, Vol. 88, June 1788, p. 531. 178 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Secondary Sources

Unpublished Materials Elsley, Susan, Jennifer. Images of the Witch in nineteenth-century culture. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom, 2012.

Published Secondary Sources Beetham, Margaret. ‘Periodical Writing’ in The Cambridge Companion to Victorian Women’s Writing. Peterson, Linda H ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015, pp. 221–235. Bell, Rudolph. Holy Anorexia. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1985. Billington, Josie. ‘Gaskell’s “Rooted” Prose Realism’, in Place and Progress in the Works of Elizabeth Gaskell, Lesa Scholl, Emily Morris and Sarine Gruver Moore eds. Farnham: Ashgate, 2015, pp. 159–171. Billington, Josie. ‘On Not Concluding: Realist Prose as Practical Reason in Gaskell’s Wives and Daughters’. The Gaskell Journal, Volume 30, 2016, pp. 23–40. Bourne Taylor, Jenny. ‘Obscure recesses: locating the Victorian unconscious’ in Writing and Victorianism. Bullen, J. B. ed. London and New York: Longman, 1997, pp. 137–179. Bourne Taylor, Jenny and Shuttleworth, Sally eds. Embodied Selves: An Anthology of Psychological Texts 1830–1890. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998. Bourne Taylor, Jenny. ‘Short Fiction and the Novel’ in The Oxford History of the Novel in English, Volume 3: The Nineteenth-Century Novel 1820–1880. Kucich, John and Bourne Taylor, Jenny eds, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012, pp. 239–255. Bourne Taylor, Jenny. ‘Multiple Narrators and Multiple Plots’ in The Oxford History of the Novel in English, Volume 3: The Nineteenth-Century Novel 1820–1880. Kucich, John and Bourne Taylor, Jenny eds, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012, pp. 256–273. Caine, Barbara. ‘Feminism, Journalism and Public Debate’ in Women and Literature in Britain, 1800–1900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001, pp. 99–118. Chadwick, Mrs Ellis H. Mrs. Gaskell: Haunts, Homes and Stories. London: Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons Ltd, 1913. BIBLIOGRAPHY 179

Champion, H. J. E. ‘Ada Trevanion’s “A Ghost Story”: Queered Haunting and the “Mysterious Inmate” of Woodford House’. Victorian Review, Volume 44, Number 2, pp. 174–177, 2018. Chaney, Sarah. Self-Mutilation and Psychiatry: Impulse, Identity and the Unconscious in British Explanations of Self-Inficted Injury, c 1864–1914. Unpublished doctoral thesis: University College, London: 2013. Chapple, J A V. ‘Unitarian Dissent’ in The Cambridge Companion to Elizabeth Gaskell. Matus, Jill, ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Clark, Stuart. ‘Protestant Witchcraft, Catholic Witchcraft’, in The Witchcraft Reader, Darren Oldridge ed., pp. 165–179, 2002. Costantini, Mariaconcetta. ‘Elizabeth Gaskell and the crime short story’ in Elizabeth Gaskell and the Art of the Short Story, Marroni, Francesco, D’Agnillo & Verzella, Massimo eds. Bern, 2011, pp. 51–70. D’Albertis, Deirdre. ‘The life and letters of E. C. Gaskell’ in Matus, Jill ed. The Cambridge Companion to Elizabeth Gaskell. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007, pp. 10–26. Davies, Owen. Witchcraft, Magic and Culture 1736–1951. Manchester and New York, Manchester University Press, 1999. Delafeld, Catherine. Serialization and the Novel in Mid-Victorian Magazines. Farnham: Ashgate, 2015. Dobbins, Meg. ‘“What Did You Cut It Off For, Then?”: Self-Harming Heroines in Villette, The Mill on the Floss, and Tess of the D’Urbervilles’. Nineteenth- Century Gender Studies, 13.1 (Spring 2017). http://www.ncgsjournal.com/ issue131/issue131.htm. Accessed 23 October 2109. Drife, James. ‘A gynaecologist looks at Mrs Gaskell’. The Gaskell Society Newsletter, Spring 2012, Number 53, pp. 4–12. Easley, Alexis, King, Andrew and Morton, John, eds. Researching the Nineteenth- Century Periodical Press: Case Studies. Abingdon and New York: Routledge, 2016. Edmundson Makala, Melissa. Women’s Ghost Literature in Nineteenth-Century Britain. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2013. Favazza, Armando R. ‘Introduction’ in A Bright Red Scream: Self-mutilation and the language of pain. Strong, Marilee. London: Virago, 1998, pp. ix–xiv. Fernandez, Jean. ‘“Some great war”: The Aga Jenkyns and the Repression of History in Elizabeth Gaskell’s Cranford’. The Gaskell Journal, Volume 30, 2016, 41–56. Foster, Shirley. ‘Violence and Disorder in Elizabeth Gaskell’s Short Stories’. The Gaskell Society Journal, Volume 19, 2005, pp. 14–24. Foster, Shirley. ‘Elizabeth Gaskell’s shorter pieces’. The Cambridge Companion to Elizabeth Gaskell, Jill Matus ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Foster, Shirley. ‘Elizabeth Gaskell’s shorter pieces’ in Matus, Jill L ed. The Cambridge Companion to Elizabeth Gaskell. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009, pp. 108–130. 180 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Foyster, Elizabeth. Marital Violence: An English Family History, 1660–1857. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Fraser, Hilary, Green, Stephanie and Johnston, Judith. Gender and the Victorian Periodical. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Frawley, Maria H., 1994. A Wider Range: Travel Writing by Women in Victorian England. London and Toronto: Associated University Presses. Garratt, Peter. Victorian Empiricism: Self, Knowledge and Reality in Ruskin, Bain, Lewes, Spencer and George Eliot. Madison, Teaneck: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2010. Gérin, Winifred. Elizabeth Gaskell: A Biography. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1976. Gleadle, Kathryn. The Early Feminists: Radical Unitarians and the Emergence of the Women’s Rights Movement, 1831–51. Basingstoke: Macmillan Press, 1995. Glen, Heather. ‘Elizabeth Gaskell’s Resurrection’. The Times Literary Supplement, November 8, 2006, pp. 3–9. Gluckman, Max. ‘Gossip and Scandal’. Current Anthropology, Volume 4 (3), 1963, pp. 307–316. Gordon, Jan B. ‘Gossip, Diary, Letter, Text: Anne Brontë’s Narrative Tenant and the Problematic of the Gothic Sequel’, in ELH, Vol. 51, No. 4 (Winter, 1984), pp. 719–745. Hammerton, A. James. Cruelty and Companionship: Confict in nineteenth-century married life. London and New York: Routledge, 1992. Harris, Wendell V. British Short Fiction in the Nineteenth Century. Wayne State University Press: Detroit, 1979. Henson, Louise. ‘“Half Believing, Half Incredulous”: Elizabeth Gaskell, Superstition and the Victorian Mind’. Nineteenth-Century Contexts, 2002, Vol. 24 (3), pp. 251–269. Hester, Marianne. ‘Patriarchal Reconstruction and witch-hunting’, in The Witchcraft Reader, Darren Oldridge, ed. London and New York: Routledge, 2005, pp. 276–288. Hogle, Jerrold E., ed. The Cambridge Companion to Gothic Fiction. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Holmes, Clive. ‘Women: Witches and Witnesses’ in The Witchcraft Reader, Darren Oldridge, ed. London and New York: Routledge, 2005, pp. 303–321. Homans, Margaret, Bearing the Word: Language and Female Experience in Nineteenth-Century Women’s Writing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986. Houghton, Walter Edwards, ed. The Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals, 1824–1900. Volume II. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1972. Huett, Lorna. ‘Among the Unknown Public: Household Words, All the Year Round and the Mass-Market Weekly Periodical in the Mid-Nineteenth Century. Victorian Periodicals Review, Volume 38, Number 1, Spring 2005, pp. 61–82. BIBLIOGRAPHY 181

Hughes, Linda K and Lund, Michael eds. Victorian Publishing and Mrs. Gaskell’s Work. Charlottesville and London: University Press of Virginia, 1999. Hutton, Ronald. The Witch: A History of Fear, from Ancient Times to the Present. New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 2018. Ingelbien, Raphaël. ‘Elizabeth Gaskell’s ‘The Poor Clare’ and the Irish Famine’. Irish University Review, Vol. 40, Number 2, Autumn/Winter 2010, pp. 1–9. Jackson-Houlston, Caroline M. ‘Cranford: Elizabeth Gaskell’s Most Radical Novel?’. The Gaskell Journal¸ Number 23, 2009, 16–31. James, Felicity. ‘Evil, Past and Present, in “Lois the Witch” and Other Short Stories’ in Place and Progress in the Works of Elizabeth Gaskell, Lesa Scholl, Emily Morris and Sarine Gruver Moore eds. Farnham: Ashgate, 2015, pp. 457–472. Jump, Harriet Devine, ed. Nineteenth-Century Short Stories by Women. London and New York: Routledge, 1998. Jung, Sandro, ed. Elizabeth Gaskell: Victorian Culture and the Art of Fiction: Essays for the Bicentenary. Gent, Academia Press, 2010. Kelleher, Margaret. The Feminization of Famine: Expressions of the Inexpressible. Cork: Cork University Press, 1997. Kirkland, Janice K. ‘“Curious, If True”: suggesting more’. The Gaskell Society Journal, Volume 12, 1998, pp. 21–27. Krueger, Christine L. ‘The “female paternalist” as historian: Elizabeth Gaskell’s My Lady Ludlow in Rewriting the Victorians: Theory, history, and the politics of gender. Linda M Shires ed. Routledge: New York and London, 1992, pp. 166–183. Krueger, Christine. Reading the Law: British Literary History and Gender Advocacy. Charlottesville and London: University of Virginia Press, 2010. Krueger, Kate. British Women Writers and the Short Story, 1850–1930: Reclaiming Social Space. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. Kucich, John and Bourne Taylor, Jenny, eds. The Oxford History of the Novel in English, Volume 3: The Nineteenth-Century Novel 1820–1880. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. Lambert, Carolyn. The Meanings of Home in Elizabeth Gaskell’s Fiction. Brighton: Victorian Secrets, 2013. Lambert, Carolyn and Shaw, Marion eds. For Better, For Worse: Marriage in Victorian Novels by Women. New York and Abingdon: Routledge, 2018. Lambert, Carolyn. Frances Trollope. Brighton: Edward Everett Root, 2020. Lansbury, Coral. Elizabeth Gaskell: The Novel of Social Crisis. London: Paul Elek, 1975. Larner, Christina. ‘Was Witch-Hunting Woman-Hunting?’ in Darren Oldridge, ed. The Witchcraft Reader. London and New York: Routledge, 2005, pp. 273–275. 182 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Lawrence, Lindsy. ‘Gender Play ‘At our social table’: The New Domesticity in the Cornhill and Elizabeth Gaskell’s Wives and Daughters’. The Gaskell Journal, Volume 20, 2008, pp. 22–41. Lawson, Kate and Shakinovsky, Lynn. The Marked Body: Domestic Violence in Mid- Nineteenth Century Literature. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2002. Lesser, Margaret.’ Madame Mohl and Mrs Gaskell’, The Gaskell Society Journal, Volume 13, 1999, pp. 36–53. López, Marina Cano. ‘This is a Feminist Novel: The Paradox of Female Passivity in Elizabeth Gaskell’s Ruth’. The Gaskell Journal, Number 25, 2011, pp. 30–47. Lovell-Smith, Rose. ‘Anti-Housewives and Ogres’ Housekeepers: The Roles of Bluebeard’s Female Helper’. Folklore 113, 2002, pp. 197–214. Ludlow, Elizabeth and Styler, Rebecca. ‘Elizabeth Gaskell and the Short Story’. The Gaskell Journal, Volume 29, 2015, pp. 1–22. Ludlow, Elizabeth. ‘Elizabeth Gaskell’s Early Contributions to Household Words: The Use of Parable and the Transformation of Communities through “Kinder Understanding”’ in Victorian Review, Volume 42, Number 1, Spring 2016, pp. 107–125. Mackay, Carol H. ‘Life-Writing’ in The Cambridge Companion to Victorian Women’s Writing, Linda H. Peterson, ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015, pp. 159–174. Marroni, Francesco, D’Agnillo, Renzo and Verzella, Massimo eds. Elizabeth Gaskell and the Art of the Short Story. Bern: Peter Lang, 2011. Martin, Carol A. ‘Elizabeth Gaskell’s Contributions to the Works of William Howitt’. Nineteenth Century Fiction, Vol. 40 (1), 1985, pp. 94–100. Martin, Carol A. ‘Gaskell’s Ghosts: Truths in Disguise’. Studies in the Novel. Vol. 21, No. 1 (Spring 1989), pp. 27–40. Matus, Jill, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Elizabeth Gaskell. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Matus, Jill. Shock, Memory and the Unconscious in Victorian Fiction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. McCord Chavez, Julia. ‘Gaskell’s Other Wives and Daughters: Reimagining the Gothic and Anticipating the Sensational in ‘Lois the Witch’ and ‘The Grey Woman’. The Gaskell Journal, Volume 29, 2015, pp. 59–78. Michie, Elsie B. Outside the Pale: Cultural Exclusion, Gender Difference and the Victorian Woman Writer. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1993. Michie, Elsie B. The Vulgar Question of Money: Heiresses, Materialism and the novel of Manners from Jane Austen to Henry James. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press, 2011. Michie, Helena. The Word Made Flesh. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987. Millard, Kay. ‘The Religion of Elizabeth Gaskell’. The Gaskell Society Journal. Vol. 15, 2001, pp. 1–13. BIBLIOGRAPHY 183

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A Anonymous publication, 3, 4n3, Abuse 12–14, 137 coercive control, 22, 87 Anorexia, 65–66 domestic, 45–46, 54–55, 57, 60–61 Anti-Catholicism, 78, 98 spousal, 122–123, 139, 143 The Argosy (periodical), 5 See also Violence Arnold, Matthew, 79 Ackroyd, Tabitha, 140 Ascetism, 65–66 Agency, 66, 67, 102, 148 Associationist psychology, lack of, 53–54 29n59, 41, 50, Agents, literary, 16–17, 27 117–118, 127 Aggravated Assaults Act (1853), Asylums, 63, 143 123, 139 Athenaeum (periodical), 24 Alienists, 49–50 Attribution, lack of, 10 All the Year Round (periodical), 18, 24 Aulnoy, Madame d,’ see Christmas editions, 42–44, 150 d’Aulnoy, Madame Allusions, Biblical, 112 Authority Andersen, Hans Christian, 75 cultural, 72 Anger, 44, 67, 71, 122, 125, 127, 167 female, 77, 92, 109–112, 138 Annuals legal, 20 Christmas books, 14, 16–18 patriarchal, 59, 90–92, 113 of periodicals, 5 spiritual, 20, 98

1 Note: Page numbers followed by ‘n’ refer to notes.

Authorship, female, 76, Chadwick, Mrs Ellis, 39 137–138, 140–141 Chaney, Sarah, 49–50 Autobiography, 156–160 Chapbooks, 74–75, 94 Chapman and Hall (publisher) Christmas book, 14, 16–18 B EG’s loyalty to, 24 Bain, Alexander, 49–50 Chapman, Edward, 25 Bamford, Samuel, 74 Chapple, John, 28, 115 Bayly, T H, The Mistletoe Bough, 48 Character, 2, 83, 130 Beetham, Margaret, 4n3, 165 in fairy tales, 88 Belgravia (periodical), 5 Chavez, Julia McCord, 67 Bell, Rudolph, 65–66 Children, 108 Bessy’s Troubles at Home,’ 14–16 death of, 146, 158, 159 Billington, Josie, 23, 103, 128, 136, psychological damage of, 126–128 140, 165, 166, 168 reading of, 74–75 Biography, 156–160 writing for, 29 Blackwood’s Magazine, 4, 6, 23, 78 Cinderella (character), 87 Blood, 43, 64, 96, 100, 118–121, 125 Civil War, 47, 141–143 as metaphor, 121, 122 Clare of Assisi, 65 See also Heredity Class Bluebeard, 86–87 disenfranchised, 86 Bodies, 92 hybrid, 124–125 dead, 56 material expression of, 158–159 hands, 55–56 mobility, 83, 85–86, 141 mind, relationship with, 53 of readers, 24–25, 30 trauma, marked by, 55, 57, witchcraft and, 95 59, 61, 67 working, 118, 128, 158–159 Bourne Taylor, Jenny, 5–6, 127, 150, ‘Clopton Hall,’ 10, 47–49 155, 168–169 Clothing, 115, 146–147 Braddon, Mary Elizabeth, 5 cross-dressing, 52, Burial 108–110, 112–114 alive, 47–48 disorderly, 143 marriage, metaphor for, 46 Coercive control, 22, 87 of selfhood/self, 65 Collaboration, literary, 150, 155 Burney, Fanny, 159 Community identity, 150–151, 154 narrative, 8–9 C and the outsider, 94 Caine, Barbara, 3 rumour and gossip in, 93–94 Calvin, John, 83 storytelling, established through, 73 Carpenter, William B, 41, 49, 53, 127 unstable, 97–98 Catholicism, 60–62, 140–141 ‘Company Manners,’ 79–81 anti-Catholicism, 78, 98 Competition, literary, 150, 155 INDEX 189

Conclusions, 168 ‘The Crooked Branch’ (formerly ‘The happy endings, 89, 144, 148 Ghost in the Garden Conduct literature, 110–111 Room’), 42–44 Confict, 51–52, 113, 144 Cross-dressing, 52, 108–110, 112–114 Civil War, 47, 141–143 ‘Curious, if True,’ 59–60, 75, in fairy tales, 84–86 78, 82–90 familial, 113 Curses French Revolution, 158–160 on children, 98 religious, 47, 96–98 inherited, 63, 120, 124–127, Contes de fées, 71–72, 74, 129, 130 80–81, 89–90 and insanity, 143, 144 Conteuses (French women fairy tale on violent men, 61 writers), 71–72, 74–77 framing narratives, use of, 149–150 salons, participation in, 80–81 D subversiveness of, 86, d’Albertis, Deirdre, 27 89–90, 135–136 d’Aulnoy, Madame (Marie-Catherine Conversations, 77, 79–81, 85, Le Jumel de Barneville), 75, 80 94, 153–154 framing narratives, use of, 150 Copyright, 27 ‘The White Cat,’ 75, 80–86, 88–89 Cornhill Magazine, 25, 78 Daughters, 58–61 Costantini, Mariaconcetta, 31, 130 Davies, Owen, 88 Courtship narrative, 146, 156 Death, 47–48, 96, 115 Cousin, Victor, 80–81 accidental, 110 Coverture, 46 of children/child, 146, 158, 159 literary, 47 fallen women, associated with, 146 Cranford, 21, 108–120, 136 murder, 45, 52, 56, 86, 124, Captain Brown, 110–112 129, 130 cross-dressing, 108–110, 112–114 by starvation, 144 gender disruption, 108–111 suicide, 48, 86, 102, 115 Miss Deborah Jenkyns, of women, 52 109–112, 146–149 of young men, 102n21 narrative ghosts in, 146–149 Delafeld, Catherine, 20, 108 Peter Jenkyns, 108, Determinism, 40 112–119, 147–149 Dialect, 85–86 publishing history, 118–120 Diaries, 159 as short story series, 108 Dickens, Charles, 5, 18–22, 29–30, 75 storytelling, 115–119 on Cranford, 119 Crime, 50 as editor, 19n38, 43–44, 63, 167 murder, 45, 52, 56, 86, 124, EG’s ‘literary debt’ to, 25–26 129, 130 framing narratives, use of, 150 piracy, 20 Pickwick Papers, 21, 110–111 rape, 97–98, 143 See also All the Year Round; robbery, 42–44 Household Words 190 INDEX

Difference Emotions others/otherness, 94, 95, 114–115, anger, 44, 67, 71, 122, 125, 118, 128 127, 167 tolerance of, 117–119, 154–155, 164 fear, 125 Disease, 7, 63, 121, 152 grief, 147–149 See also Mental illness guilt, 63–65 Dissociation, 53, 62 objects, expressed Dobbins, Meg, 55, 56 through, 158–159 Dogs, 60, 61 violent, 59–65, 121–122 Domesticity, 129–130, 136–138 Empowerment, of women, 122, Domestic memoir, 156–160 152, 153 Doubles, 58–60, 100–102, Endings, 88–89, 168 114–115, 145–146 happy, 89, 144, 148 demonic, 62–65, 99 Englishness, 78 saintly, 65 Equality Dress, 115, 146–147 educational, 124–125 cross-dressing, 52, gender, 29, 122–123 108–110, 112–114 See also Feminism disorderly, 143 Esquirol, Jean-Étienne Dryden, John, All for Love, 48 Dominique, 63, 66 Duality, 95, 99–102 Evans-Pritchard, E. E., 93 Exile, 78–80, 114 Exoticism, 114–115, 118, 128 E Eyre, Angharad, 164 Easley, Alexis, 11–12 Eating disorders, 65–66 Editing/editors, 10–14, 18 F Dickens as, 43–44, 63, 167 Fairies, 86, 87 by publishers, 23 Fairy Godmother (character), 89 women as, 5 Fairy tales, 31, 71–103, 149–150 writers’ resistance to, 20–22 castles in, 84–85 writers, quasi-marital relationship characters, 88 with, 19–21, 23, 26 confict in, 84–86 Edmundson Makala, Melissa, 38, 41 contes de fées, 71–72, 74, Education 80–81, 89–90 equality in, 124–125 criticism of, 74–77 failures in, 124–126 defnitions of, 72–74 through storytelling, 153 vs. folk tales/folk, 73 Egalitarianism French infuence on, 77–82 educational, 124–125 happy endings, 89 gender, 29, 122–123 history of, 72–75 See also Feminism invented, 76–77, 85 Eliot, George, 80 inversion of, 88–89 Elsley, Susan, 94–96, 102 quest narratives, 82–84 INDEX 191

reworkings of, 86–88 France, 77–82, 79n8 as social critique, 76–77 French Revolution, 158–160 subversive qualities of, 73–74 Fraser, Hilary, 11, 11n22, 13, 29 transformation, miraculous, 73, 74, Fraser, Hugh, 78 81, 83, 86, 88–89 Fraser’s Magazine, 78 translation of, 72, 74–75 Frawley, Maria, 138 violence in, 85–88 ‘French Life,’ 78, 80–82 wonder tales, 73–74, 81, 88 French Revolution, 158–160 Family, 108, 115, 130–131, 151 constructed, 164 destruction of, 130 G disintegration of, 124 Gaps, narrative, 136 dying out of, 120 Garratt, Peter, 50 estrangement, 145 Gaskell, Elizabeth loss of, 54 anonymous publication, 16 regulation of, 147 death of, 27 trauma, revelation of, 59–60 fnancial negotiations of, 25–28 See also Fathers/fatherhood; Home; France, connections to, 77–82 Marriage; Mothers/ identities of, 163–164 motherhood letter-writing, 8–9 Famine, 66–67, 66n26 as professional writer, 164–167 Fathers/fatherhood, 29, 63–65, publication; anonymous, 12–14; 108, 120 pseudonymous, 12–14; under father-son relationships, 123–128 own name, 15 Favazza, Armando, 49 supernatural, interest in, 38–43 Fear, 125 Unitarianism of, 115–116, 163–164 Femininity, 20 Gaskell, Elizabeth, works challenges to, 107 ‘An Accursed Race,’ 153–154 emotionality of, 110 ‘Bessy’s Troubles at Home,’ 14–16 of men, 126 ‘Clopton Hall,’ 10, 47–49 Feminism, 22, 28–29, 37–38, ‘Company Manners,’ 122–124, 167 79–81, 167–168 Fernandez, Jean, 51, 113 Cranford, 21, 108–120, 136; Folk tales, 75–77, 80–82, 120, 130 Captain Brown, 110–112; vs. fairy tales, 73 cross-dressing, 108–110, inversion of, through gossip, 101 112–114; gender disruption, and witchcraft, 90 108–111; Miss Deborah Food Jenkyns, 109–112, 146–149; refusal of, 65–66 narrative ghosts in, 146–149; social regulation of, 65n25 Peter Jenkyns, 108, Foster, Myles Birket, 17 112–119, 147–149; publishing Foster, Shirley, 44, 45, 122, 130 history, 118–120; as short story Fox, Eliza (Tottie), 8, 9n13 series, 108; Framing narratives, 6, 120, 149–155 storytelling, 115–119 192 INDEX

Gaskell, Elizabeth, works (cont.) ‘The Squire’s Story,’ 45–46 ‘Crowley Castle,’ 165 Sylvia’s Lovers, 88 ‘Curious, if True,’ 59–60, 75, 78, ‘Traits and Stories of the 82–90, 165 Huguenots,’ 79–80 ‘A Dark Night’s Work,’ Wives and Daughters, 25, 128, 124–125, 165 145, 166 ‘The Doom of the Griffths,’ Gaskell, Marianne, 102 120–130, 154 Gaskell, Meta (Margaret Emily), 82 ‘French Life,’ 78, 80–82 Gaskell, Sam, 49 ‘Half a Life-Time Ago,’ 120–124, Gaskell, William, 9, 19, 21, 23–24, 151n8, 154, 164 26–28, 131 ‘Hand and Heart,’ 14–16 ‘Two Lectures on the Lancashire Life of Charlotte Brontë, 23 Dialect,’ 23, 86 ‘Lizzie Leigh,’ 19–20, 26, 145–147 Gender ‘Lois the Witch,’ 71, 96–103 defnitions of, 107–108 ‘Martha Preston,’ 14 disruption of, 91–92, 108–111 Mary Barton, 6n5, 30, 113–114; equality, 122–123 anonymous publication of, and literary status, 76 12–14; impact of, 7, 9, 19, 25; modelling of, 28–29 William Gaskell, work and narration, 155 included in, 23 roles, 85–88, 164 ‘Morton Hall,’ 140–144 and space, 136 Mr Harrison’s Confessions, 14 and subject matter, 3–4, 13, 18 ‘My French Master,’ 79–80 See also Femininity; Masculinity ‘My Lady Ludlow,’ 24, Genealogy, 59–60, 83, 85 152–154, 156–160 Genre, 131, 155 ‘The Ghost in the Garden Room’ ‘The Ghost in the Garden Room’ (later ‘The Crooked (later ‘The Crooked Branch’), 42–44 Branch’), 42–44 ‘The Grey Woman,’ 50–57, Ghosts, 47, 48, 67 71, 84, 165 in fairy tales, 88 ‘The Half-Brothers,’ 151n8, 154 narrative, 145–149 ‘The Last Generation in England,’ visibility of, 63 14, 16, 137–140, 145 See also Hauntings Life of Charlotte Brontë, 156 Ghost stories, 6–7, 38–40 ‘The Moorland Cottage,’ 14, 16–18 and home, instability of, 41–45 North and South, 86 Gleadle, Kathryn, 28, 29 ‘The Old Nurse’s Tale,’ 63, 84, 167 Glen, Heather, 39, 165 ‘The Poor Clare,’ 58–67, 145, Gluckman, Max, 94 154, 167 Gossip, 93–94, 99–101 Round the Sofa, 6, 58, 120, Gothic mode, 6–7, 31, 37–68, 138 150–155, 151n8 defnitions of, 37–38 Ruth, 22, 57, 109–110, 117 doubles in, 62–65 INDEX 193

female, 37–38 fction, interwritten with, 156–159 feminism in, 37–38 materiality of, 139–142 and home, 41–45, 53–55 women writers of, 140–141 and monomania, 61–63 See also Biography moral purpose of, 40–41 Hogle, Jerrold, 37 and self-harm, 47–50, 52–56, 65–67 Holland, Sam, 120 and violence, 45–46 Holland, Sir Henry, 41, 49, 53, Great Famine/Hunger 55–56, 62–65 (Ireland), 66–67 Holland, Thurstan, 102 Green, Henry, 28 Homans, Margaret, 59 ‘The Grey Woman,’ 50–57, Home, 97, 129–130, 136 71, 84, 165 carceral effect of, 47–49, 53–54 Grief, 147–149 destruction of, 47 Grimm Brothers (Jakob and Wilhelm), educational role of, 117–118 72, 75–77 and Gothic mode, 41–45 Guilt, 63–65 loss of, 78–80, 127–129 pollution of, 143 symbols of, 60 H violation of, 45 Hallucinations, 63 See also Family Hand and Heart, 14–16 Homosexuality, 52 Hands, 55–56 Houghton, Walter, 78 Happy endings, 89, 144, 148 Household Words (periodical), 18, 19, Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, 24 22, 24, 29–30 Harries, Elizabeth Wanning, 73, 85 Christmas editions, 150 contes, narrative form of, 73–74, ‘My Lady Ludlow,’ 156 76–77, 80, 135, 149, 150 ‘The Poor Clare,’ 58 conteuses, reputation of, 75, 76 ‘The Squire’s Story,’ 45 on translation, 72 Howitt, Mary, 10–14, 12n24, 18, 137 Harris, Wendell V, 4 Andersen, translation of, 75 Hartley, David, 29n59, 117 ‘The Child’s Corner, Seasonal Tales Hauntings, 47, 48, 58–59, 85 for Children,’ 29 See also Ghosts as literary agent, 16–17 Henson, Louise, 44, 49, 63, 95, 164 Howitt, William, 10–14, 12n24, Heredity, 126–127, 130 18, 29, 47 emotional, 99, 125–126 The Rural Life of England, 10 Herford, Brooke, 15 Visits to Remarkable Places, 10 Hester, Marianne, 91, 92 Howitt’s Journal, 10–14, 13n27, Historical time, 51–52, 98–99, 103, 28–29, 66n26 136, 138, 167 Huett, Lorna, 30 History Hughes, Linda, 42, 50, 136, 167 domestic vs. national, 140–141 Hunger, 65–67 female, 139–140 Hutton, Ronald, 90 194 INDEX

I Krueger, Christine, 13n25, 156, 157 Identity, 163–164 Krueger, Kate, 31, 41, 108, 136 communal, 150–151, 154 loss of, 62 mis-readings of, 114 L national, 78, 79 Ladies’ Companion (periodical), Illegitimacy, 63–65 14, 14n29 Illness, 7, 51, 63, 152 Lambert, Carolyn, 41, 56, 80 See also Mental illness Lansbury, Coral, 52 Imagery, see Metaphor Larner, Christina, 91, 92 Inconclusiveness, narrative, 168 The Last Generation in India, 148 England,’ 14, 16 Individuality, 7, 30, 32, 40, 67, Lawn, The (house), 27–28 118, 164 Lawson, Kate, 58 Industrial Revolution, 107 Lesbianism, 52 Ingelbien, Raphaël, 66 Letters Insanity, 45–46, 62, 121–122, EG’s writing of, 8–9 143, 144 as narrative architecture, Intangibility, spiritual, 40–41, 98–99 139, 158–159 Interpolations, 148, 155–160 as narrative ghosts, 147–149 Intertextuality, 77, 81 style of, 111, 112 Intimacy, between women, 54, 55 Life of Charlotte Brontë, 23, 156 Intolerance, 78–80, 121–124 Life writing, 23, 156–160 Ireland, 66–67, 66n26 Literacy, 158–160 Irrationality, 44, 121, 122, 158 Little Red Ridinghood, 87–88 Isolation, 151 Lizzie Leigh, 19–20, 26 Lois the Witch,’ 71, 96–103 López, Marina Cano, 22 J Lovell-Smith, Rose, 71 James II, 59 Low, Sampson, 24, 27 Johnson, Samuel, 111 Ludlow, Elizabeth, 4, 30, 116, Rasselas, 111 164, 166 Journalism, 11n22, 120 Lunacy, see Mental illness Journals (diaries), 159 Lunacy Commission, 49 Journals (press), see Periodical press Lund, Michael, 136, 167 Jump, Harriet Devine, 5

M K Mackay, Carol, 156, 157 Kelleher, Margaret, 66 Madden, Richard, 59, 62, 63 Kingsley, Charles, 75 Madge, Travers, 14–16, 30 Kirkland, Janice K, 71 Magic, 114, 118, 121–122, 125 INDEX 195

Magic realism, 71 Memoir, domestic, 156–160 Maginn, William, 78 Memory, 138, 147–149 Mariology, 61n22, 62, 65 Men Marriage, 87n11 death of, 102n21 alternative forms of, 50, 52, 55 feminine, 126 bigamy, 57 mentors, 22–24 burial as metaphor for, 46 representation of, 168 between cousins, 102 See also Fathers/fatherhood; coverture, 46 Masculinity fnancial negotiations in, 25–28 Mental illness, 49 and property rights, 25–26, 27n54 asylums, 63, 143 re-marriage, 127–128 dissociation, 53, 62 secret, 129 eating disorders, 65–66 violence in, 57, 85–88, 122–123, hallucinations, 63 139, 143 insanity, 45–46, 62, 121–122, widows, 86–87 143, 144 women’s powerlessness in, 51 monomania, 58, 61–63, 126, 130 Marriage plots, 38 See also Self-harm Martha Preston, 14 Mentors, 22–24 Martin, Carol A., 10–11, 135 Metaphor Martineau, Harriet, 15n31, 100 blood as, 121, 122 Illustrations of Political for marriage, 46 Economy, 3–4, 30 witchcraft as, 94–96, 102 Martineau, James, 30, 40, 40n6, 41, Michie, Elsie, 20–22, 26, 114 83, 116, 166 Michie, Helena, 65 Mary Barton, 6n5, 30, 113–114 Migration, 130 anonymous publication of, 12–14 Millard, Kay, 30 impact of, 7, 9, 19, 25 Misogyny, 91 William Gaskell, work Mitchell, Charlotte, 159 included in, 23 Mohl, Mme Mary Elizabeth, 77 Masculinity, 107, 114–115, 118, Money, 16–17, 19, 25–28 120, 125 Monomania, 58, 61–63, 126, 130 of journalism, 11n22 Monthly Repository (periodical), 125 through confict, 114 Moore, Tara, 17, 150 of women, 55–57, 109–110, 112 The Moorland Cottage, 14, 16–18 Materiality, 136, 146 Morality, 7, 51 and class expression, 158–159 of periodical press, 28–30 of emotions, 158–159 Moran, Maureen F, 94–95 of familial bonds, 146–147 Mothers/motherhood, 58, 88 historical, 139–142 and daughters, 58–61 See also Clothing; Letters foster, 145 Matus, Jill, 53, 146 loss of, 124–128 May, Charles, 59 and sons, 124–125 196 INDEX

Mr Harrison’s Confessions, 14 Norton, Charles Eliot, 116 Murat, Comtesse de (Henriette-Julie Nuns, 58, 65–67 de Castlenau), 75 My French Master,’ 79–80 My Lady Ludlow, 24 O Myth, 124 Objects, 136, 139–140, 158–159 See also Clothing; Letters Offences Against the Person Act N (1828), 139 Narrative, 131 ‘The Old Nurse’s Tale,’ 63, 84 community, 8–9 Oldridge, Darren, 90, 91 courtship, 146, 156 Omissions, narrative, 136 and gender, 155 Orel, Harold, 3–5 inversion of, 88–89 Others/otherness, 94, 95, 114–115, reverse, 88 118, 128 romance, 56 subject matter, incompatible with, 154 P Narrative architecture, 135–160 Parables, 30, 116–118 complex, 136 Passivity, 53 experimental, 5–6 Patriarchy, 91–92 fracturing of, 167 authority, maintenance of, 90–92 framing, 6, 120, 149–155 challenges to, 72, 94, 113, 136 gaps, 136 self-harm as response to, 47–49 ghosts, 145–149 Payment, 16–17, 19, 25–28 interpolations, 148, 155–160 Pauk, Barbara, 77–79 letters as, 139, 158–159 Penance, 65 relational, 156–157 Perfection, 67 time, 137–144, 156–158, 164–167 Performance, 155 Narrative voice of ghost stories, 38–40 female, 150–154 Performativity frst person, 156 of self in letter-writing, 8 male, 59–60 of storytelling, 6 multiple, 6, 150, 155–156 Periodical press, 3–5, 20n40, unreliable, 59–60 111, 163–165 Nationalism, 79, 98 annuals, 5, 14, 16–18 Necessarianism, 29, 29n59, 40 The Argosy, 5 Non-fction, 10 Athenaeum, 24 biography, 23, 156–160 Belgravia, 5 history, 140–141 Blackwood’s Magazine, 4, 6, 23, 78 journalism, 11n22, 120 Cornhill Magazine, 25, 78 travel writing, 80–82, 115, 168 cultural infuence of, 31 North and South, 86 Fraser’s Magazine, 78 INDEX 197

Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, 24 alienists, 58 house style, 18 associationist, 29n59, 41, 50, Howitt’s Journal, 10–14 117–118, 127 Ladies’ Companion, 14, 14n29 child, 126–128 Monthly Repository, 125 dissociation, 53, 62 moral position of, 28–30 insanity, 45–46, 62, 121–122, print sizes, 15–16 143, 144 Sartain’s Union Magazine, 14, mind-body relationship, 50, 53, 59 16–17, 137 monomania, 58, 61–63, 126, 130 Sunday School Penny Magazine, 14, ‘morbid mind,’ 49–50 15, 15n31, 30 and self-harm, 49–50, 53–54 women editors of, 5 Public/private spheres, 156, 157 women’s writing in, 3–4, 19–20 Publication See also All the Year Round; anonymous, 3, 4n3, 12–14, 137 Household Words; Serialization of contes, 76–77 Perrault, Charles, 72, 75, 76 of Cranford, 118–120 Peterson, Linda, 157 pseudonymous, 3, 4n3, 12–14 Pilgrimage, 61 unauthorized, 24 Poe, Edgar Allan, 4 Publishers ‘The Poor Clare,’ 58–67, 145, as editors, 23 154, 167 women, 11, 16–17 Portraits, visual, 47, 51 writers, relationship with, 24 Poverty, 144 Publishing Power, 22 masculine environment of, 22–23 patriarchal, 46–49, 90–92, 113 women’s networks in, 137–138 struggles for, 97–98 of women, 59, 61, 66, 94–95 of women, over other Q women, 52, 101 Quakers, 11 Powerlessness, 53–54 Prayer, 62, 99–100 Prejudice, 78, 98, 121–124 R Prescriptive literature, 110–111 Race, 99–100 Press, see Periodical press Racism, 98 Prichard, James Cowles, 126 Rape, 97–98, 143 Priestley, Joseph, 29, 29n59, 40, 79, Rationalism, 41, 44, 95 83, 117–118 Readers, class of, 24–25, 30 Priests, 99–100, 117 Reading, 85, 164–166 Property rights, 25–26, 27n54 Realism, 43, 73, 129, 130, 165, 168 Prostitution, 21 Reality, models of, 50 Pryke, Jo, 128 Red (colour), 88 Pseudonyms, 3, 4n3, 12–14, 12n25 Reddy, Maureen T, 51 Psychology, 168–169 Redemption, 67 198 INDEX

Reformation, 90–91 Samber, Robert, 72 Religion Sampson Low & Co allusions, Biblical, 112 (publisher), 24, 27 anti-Catholicism, 78, 98 Sanders, Valerie, 23, 24 Catholicism, 60–62, 140–141 Saracino, Marilena, 71 Dissenting, 59, 74 Sartain, John, 16 Mariology, 61n22, 62, 65 Sartain’s Union Magazine, 14, nuns, 58, 65–67 16–17, 137 penance, 65 Saunders, John, 12, 12n24 pilgrimage, 65 Schumpeter, Joseph, 115 and power, 90–92 Seifert, Lewis, 72 prayer, 62, 99–100 Self-control, 41, 53–56, 125 priests, 99–100, 117 lack of, 62–65 Quakers, 11 Self-critique, 166 sermons, 118 Self-harm, 47–67, 87, 167 transcendentalism, 30, 83, 84, 116 anorexia, 65–66 and witchcraft, 90–92, 99–100, 102 holy, 61 See also Unitarianism male, 102 Religiosity, 62, 65 patriarchal control, response Revenge, 99–100 to, 47–49 Revolution psychological, 53–54 French Revolution, 158–160 psychology of, 49–50 Industrial Revolution, 107 as punishment, 65–67 psychological impact of, 59 as self-protection, 55–56 Richardson, Sarah, 154 Selfhood, 8–9, 88, 169 Rignall, John, 79 inner and outer, 50 Ritchie, Anne Thackeray, 39, 40, 140 and refection/refect, 88–89 Blackstick Papers, 1, 165 shadow selves, 102 Romance narratives, 56 Self-mutilation, see Self-harm Romanticism, 30, 40, 74, 116 Self-sacrifce, 66, 67 Rome, 24 Serialization, 30, 111 Round the Sofa, 6, 58, 120, narrative architecture, effect on, 155 150–155, 151n8 of Wives and Daughters, 25 Rumour, 93–94 Sermons, 118 Ruth, 22, 57, 109–110, 117 Servants, 54–55, 59–61 Sexuality, 31, 63, 107, 113 fear of, 91 S female, 63–65, 88, 128–129 Sablé, Mme de (Madeleine de predatory, 83 Souvré), 80 Sex work, 21 Sala, George Augustus, 44 Shaen, William, 27 Salem witch trials, 96–100 Shakinovsky, Lynn, 58 Salons, literary, 77, 80, 85, Sharpe, Jim, 92 152–155, 153n10 Shattock, Joanne, 80 INDEX 199

on EG’s letter-writing, 8–9 as exchange, 149–150, 153, 155 on EG’s professionalism, oral, 72–74, 99–100, 135–136, 24–25, 135 139; through conversation, Shaw, Marion, 136 80–81, 85; as performance, Shelley, Mary, 40–41 38–40; replication of, 149–150; Shelston, Alan, 16, 17, 124 social order, restored by, 142 Short story by women, 80–82, 99–100 collections, 5–6 Strathern, Andrew, 91, 93, 94, 98, 101 defnitions of, 4–5 Styler, Rebecca, 4–5, 41, 67, 164 formal disruption of, 167 Subject matter freedom provided by, 3–4, challenging, 163–164 31, 163–164 and gender, 3–4, 13, 18, 154 length of, 4, 136 Suicide, 48, 86, 102, 115 and the novel, 5–6 Sunday School Penny Magazine, 14, and oral tradition, 5–7 15, 15n31, 30 series of, 108 Supernatural, 6–7, 71, 74 by women, 3–9 rationalisation of, 98–99 See also Fairy tales; Folk tales See also Ghosts; Hauntings Shuttleworth, Sally, 127 Superstition, 44, 49, 95, 101, 103 Sleeping Beauty (character), 87 Surridge, Lisa, 60, 123 Sloanaker, William, 16 Sutherland, John, 24 Smith, George, 24–27, 78 Suthrell, Charlotte, 113 Social justice, 155 Sylvia’s Lovers, 88 Social order, 91, 93, 94, 142 challenges to, 102–103 Social reform, 157–160, 167 T Son-father relationships, 123–128 Tabart, Benjamin, Popular Fairy Southey, Robert, 137, 138 Tales, 75 Space Taste, literary, 110–112 female, 138 Tatar, Maria, 72, 73, 75–76 gendered, 136 Taylor, Edgar, 72 salons, literary, 77, 80, 85, Thackeray, William, 75, 78 152–155, 153n10 Time, 151 social, women’s control of, 153–155 future, 88 See also Home historical, 51–52, 98–99, 103, 136, Spinsters, 139 138, 167 ‘The Squire’s Story,’ 45–46 narrative, 137–144, Stewart, Pamela, 91, 93, 94, 98, 101 156–158, 164–167 Stiles, Peter, 71 passing of, 139–140 Stoneman, Patsy, 71, 130 past/present, elision of, 47, 60, Storytelling, 1–2, 5–7, 101, 113, 141–142 115–119, 167–168 reversing of, 88 community established through, 73 suspended, 144 200 INDEX

Tismar, Jens, 73 V Tolerance, 79, 115, 116 Villiers, Abbé Pierre de, 77 of difference, 117–119, Violence, 45–46, 51–52, 67 154–155, 164 against animals, 60, 61, 63–65 lack of, 78–80, 121–124 domestic, 45–46, 54–55, 57, 60–61 Tradition, 120, 140 emotional, 59–65 ‘Traits and Stories of the and insanity, 121–122 Huguenots,’ 79–80 sexual, 97–98, 143 Transcendentalism, 30, 83, 84, 116 spousal, 122–123, 139, 143 Transformation, miraculous, 73, 74, witchcraft as, 91 81, 83, 86, 88–89 against women, 80–82, 85–88, Transvestitism, 52, 108–110, 112–114 97–98, 103, 121–123, 139, Trauma 143, 167 bodies marked by, 55, 57, Virgin Mary, 60–62, 61n22, 65 59, 61, 67 Visions, 63 revelation of, 59–60 Voices, 85–86 Travel writing, 80–82, 115, 168 public, of women, 113–114 Trinity Act (1813), 28 See also Narrative voice Trollope, Frances, 153n10 Truth, 41, 116 and Gothic mode, 6 W through critical thinking, 165–166 Wales, 120, 125 and narrative, 138 Wallace, Diana, 37, 38, 44, 46, 136, Truth-telling, 7–8 138, 167 Turner, Victor, 93 War, see Confict Warner, Marina, 86 Watts, Ruth, 28, 153 U Webb, R K, 40 Uglow, Jenny, 14, 20, 48, 82, Widows, 86–87 165, 167 William III, 59 Understanding, failures of, 85–86 Williams, Anne, 38 Unitarianism, 7, 28–30, 67, 115–116 Williams, Victoria, 71 and associationism, 117–118 Wills, William Henry, 26 determinist, 83 Wit, 168 and the family, 130–131 Witchcraft, 13n25, 58, 61–62, 71, opposition to, 28–29, 78–79 90–103, 92n17 transcendental, 40–41, 83, and class, 95 116, 165–166 in folk tales, 90–91 United States of America (USA), as metaphor, 94–96, 102 16, 96–100 nineteenth century attitudes Upham, Charles W, History of the to, 94–96 Delusion in Salem in 1692, 100 prayers, denounced in, 99–100 INDEX 201

punishments for, 98, 102 widows, 86–87 and religion, 90–91, 99–100, 102 and witchcraft, 91–92 rumour/gossip and, 93–94, 98–101 See also Femininity; Mothers/ storytelling of, 99–100 motherhood women and, 91–92 Women writers, 76, 137–138 Witch-hunts, 91–94 barriers to, 22–23 Wives and Daughters, 25, 128, exchange between, 23–24, 145, 166 77, 149–150 Wolfreys, Julian, 154 friendships, 157 Women historians, 140–141 authority of, 77, 92, 109–112, 138 in periodical press, 3–4, 19–20 daughters, 58–61 published under own names, 3, 15 early deaths of, 47–48 publishers, relationship with, 24 editors, 5 and subject matter, 3–4, 13, 18 fallen, 113–114, 128–129, 145–147 See also Conteuses fear of, 91 Wonder tales, 73–74, 81, 88 intergenerational links between, 140 Wood, Ellen (Mrs Henry), 5 life writing of, 156–158 Woodring, Carol, 16 masculine, 55–57, 109–110, 112 Wynne, Deborah, 13n25, 103 networks of, 137–138 power of, over other women, 52, 59, 61, 66, 91–92, 94–95, 101 X property rights of, 25–26, 27n54 Xenophobia, 78 publishers, 11, 16–17 single, 136, 151 social spaces, control of, 153–155 Y societal role of, 109–112 Yatsugi, Aya, 71 spinsters, 136 violence against, 80–82, 85–88, 97–98, 103, 139, 143, 167 Z voices of, 85–86, 113–114 Zipes, Jack, 72–74, 149