DOCSLIB.ORG

Introduction 1 the Early Years

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Notes Introduction 1 Letter to Elizabeth Gaskell, 9 July 1853, in T. J. Wise and J. A. Symington (eds), The Brontës: Their Lives, Friendships and Correspondence (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1932), IV, 76. Gaskell reproduced this letter in the Life, Vol. II, Chapter XIII. 2 Anne Thackeray Ritchie, Preface to Cranford (London: Macmillan, 1891), p. xxi. 3 Margaret J. Shaen (ed.), Memorials of Two Sisters: Susanna and Catherine Winkworth (London: Longman, 1908), p. 24. 4 She uses the term in her ‘Modern Novelists – Great and Small’, Blackwoods, LXXVII, No. CCCCLXXV, May 1855. 5 [George Henry Lewes], ‘A Gentle Hint to Writing Women’, Leader, 18 May 1850, p. 189. Lewes wrote under the pseudonym of ‘Vivian’ in this article. 6 George Henry Lewes, ‘The Lady Novelists’, Westminster Review, LVIII, No. CXIII, July 1852, p. 131. 7 Bessie Raynor Parkes, Essays on Women’s Work (London, 1865), p. 121. Quoted in E. K. Helsinger, R. L. Sheets and W. Veeder (eds), The Woman Question: Society and Literature in Britain and America, 1837–1883, 3 vols (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1983), III, 3. 8 Standard, 14 October 1887. 9 Wise and Symington op. cit., III, 68. 10 Eliza Lynn Linton, My Literary Life (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1899), p. 93. 11 Julia Kavanagh to George Smith, Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center, University of Texas at Austin. 12 Margaret Oliphant to Alexander Macmillan, Berg Collection, New York Public Library. 1 The Early Years 1 J. A. V. Chapple, Elizabeth Gaskell: The Early Years (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1997), pp. 283 and 287. 2 Mrs Ellis H. Chadwick, Mrs Gaskell: Homes, Haunts and Stories (London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, new and revised edition, 1913), p. 94. 3 Chapple, p. 452. 4 Anne Thackerary Ritchie, Preface to Cranford (London: Macmillan, 1891), p. x. 5 Lizzie Leigh and Other Tales (Oxford: World’s Classics, 1913), p. 203. 6 Chapple, p. 332. 7 Letter of 2 July 1827, Chapple, p. 287. 175 176 Notes 8 Chadwick, p. 3. The author reveals her gender bias, however, in her late claim that, while Gaskell inherited the ‘intellectual side of her character’ from her father, ‘her genius as a housekeeper, cook, and general home man- ager, proved her to be a worthy daughter of her mother’ (p. 15). 9 Chapple, p. 285. 10 J. A. V. Chapple and Anita Wilson (eds), Private Voices: the Diaries of Elizabeth Gaskell and Sophia Holland (Keele: Keele University Press, 1996). 11 Diary entry, 9 December 1837, Ibid., p. 63. 12 See Rev. George A. Payne, Mrs Gaskell and Knutsford, second edition, (Manchester: Clarkson & Griffiths, and London: Mackie & Co, 1905). It should also be noted, however, that there may well be elements drawn from Gaskell’s schoolday experiences in Warwickshire in these por- trayals. 13 Letter to John Ruskin, ?late February 1865, Letters, pp. 747–8. 14 James Martineau became the new professor of mental and moral philosophy at Manchester New College in 1840, when the institution reopened in Manchester. William was clerical secretary and lecturer at the College, and he and his wife were friends of the Martineaus. 15 Memorials, pp. 25–6. 16 The young man, Charles Bosanquet, whom Gaskell and her daughters met in Heidelberg in 1858 found that his Anglican parents disapproved of his acquaintance with Unitarians and refused to meet them. See letter to Charles Eliot Norton, 16 April 1861 (Letters, pp. 647–51). 17 These texts are mentioned as used in the lessons received from her mother by the narrator of ‘My French Master’, and could well have been in Aunt Lumb’s collection of books. 18 Chapple, p. 236. 19 See Eleanor L. Sewell (ed.), The Autobiography of Elizabeth M. Sewell, (London: Longman’s, 1907). 20 See G. E. Maxim, ‘Libraries and Reading in the context of the economic, political and social changes taking place in Manchester and the neighbour- ing mill towns, 1750–1850’, unpublished thesis, University of Sheffield, 1979. The MS of the diary is held at Manchester Public Library. 21 Elizabeth Sewell, for example, describes the misery of the first school she attended, where the teachers were strict to the point of cruelty; and Charlotte Brontë’s sufferings at Cowan Bridge, rehearsed in Jane Eyre, became known to a wider public when Gaskell foregrounded them in her Life of Brontë. Gaskell clearly considered that good schooling was an important element in a girl’s upbringing; she took a lot of trouble over choosing a school for Marianne, rejecting one that taught only ‘accom- plishments’ (see Letter to Lady Kay-Shuttleworth, 12 December (1850), Letters, pp. 137–8). 22 This description, written by Jane Whitehill, the editor of the Gaskell/Norton letters, is reproduced in Chapple, pp. 450–2. 23 Chapple, pp. 450–1. 24 Chapple, p. 451. 25 The book is held at the Harry Ransom Research Center, the University of Texas at Austin, and makes fascinating reading. It also contains many engravings and pictorial illustrations. Notes 177 26 For details of Constance, see Chapple, pp. 252–4. Chapple notes the similari- ties between the tale of the girl in Thomson’s work and that in ‘Clopton House’, and also discusses Thomson’s literary career and output. 27 Although Gaskell says she has not managed to finish this text, it must have made an impact, since many years later she herself contemplated writing a biography of de Sévigné. See Letter to W. S. Williams, 1 February [?1862], Letters, pp. 675–6; and letter to George Smith, 18 March [?1862], Letters, p. 679. 2 The 1830s and 1840s: Marriage, Manchester and Literary Beginnings 1 See, for instance, Letters, pp. 34 and 45–6. 2 Letters and Memorials, II, 23. 3 Ibid., II, 391. 4 See letter to Lizzie Gaskell, July 1838, Letters, p. 20; and to Mary Howitt, 18 August 1838, Letters, p. 33. 5 See Terry Wyke, ‘The Culture of Self-Improvement: Real People in Mary Barton’, Gaskell Society Journal, Vol. 13, 1999, pp. 91–2. 6 For a history of the Portico, see Ann Brooks and Bryan Haworth, Portico Library: a History, (Lancaster: Carnegie Publishing, 2000). 7 For details of this and other Victorian buildings in the city, see J. J. Parkinson- Bailey, Manchester: an Architectural History (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000). 8 An article on ‘Emerson’s Lectures’ in Howitt’s Journal, 11 December 1847, has been attributed to Gaskell, but has never been verified. 9 Obituary in the Unitarian Herald. Quoted in J. A. V. Chapple and Anita Wilson (eds), Private Voices: the Diaries of Elizabeth Gaskell and Sophia Holland (Keele: Keele University Press, 1996), p. 107. 10 Mat Hompes, ‘Mrs E. C. Gaskell’, Gentleman’s Magazine, Vol. CCLXXIX, No. 1976, 1895, p. 128. This article is a valuable source of information about Gaskell, but much of its material, being somewhat anecdotal and unauthen- ticated, cannot be considered wholly reliable. 11 Memorials, pp. 24–5. 12 Uglow, pp. 85–6. 13 Friedrich Engels, The Condition of the Working Class in England (1844–5), in Alasdair Clayre (ed.), Nature and Industrialization (Oxford: Oxford University Press and Open University, 1977), p. 123. 14 Jo Pryke, ‘Wales and the Welsh in Gaskell’s fiction: sex, sorrow and sense’, Gaskell Society Journal, Vol. 13, 1999, pp. 69–84. 15 Chapple, pp. 321–2. 16 The place itself and Gaskell’s account of it are variously referred to as ‘Clopton Hall’ and ‘Clopton House’. Ward, however, discussing Howitt’s publication of the piece, speaks of ‘ “Clopton Hall” – more properly Clopton House’, and entitles his reprint of the account ‘Clopton House’ (Knutsford, I, p. 502). 17 Mrs Chadwick (p. 84) claims that the discovery of bones in a chest and the mention of a lost bride in this piece have some reference to Samuel Rogers’ 178 Notes Ginevra, but there is no indication that Gaskell had ever read Rogers’ work. Edgar Allen Poe’s Gothic tales also come to mind here, but since his ‘The Fall of the House of Usher’ did not appear in England until August 1840, it can- not be a direct source. Gaskell, however, probably knew Jane Austen’s parod- ic version of a similar incident in Northangar Abbey (1818). 18 ‘Libbie Marsh’s Three Eras’ was published as a separate booklet in 1850, and ‘The Sexton’s Hero’ and ‘Christmas Storms and Sunshine’ were reissued the same year as a contribution to a fete organized by Gaskell’s friend Mrs Davenport for the benefit of Macclesfield Public Baths and Wash-houses. 19 Elizabeth Gaskell, Lizzie Leigh and Other Tales (Oxford: World’s Classics, 1913), p. 369. All other references will be to this edition and will be included in the text. 20 This good-natured frankness was noted by Gaskell herself as well as (less tol- erantly) by Margaret Hale in North and South. 21 As well as suggesting personal observation, this is also a consciously pictorial image, akin to contemporary engravings of the city seen from afar, as Alan Shelston has pointed out (Alan Shelston, ‘ “I would fain be in the country”: Elizabeth Gaskell and Manchester’, Portico Monograph No. 4, March 1996). It is in fact not possible to see Manchester from Dunham Park. Interestingly, too, the language used to describe the city here is almost identical to that used in Gaskell’s 1857 letter to Norton (Letters, p. 489). 22 Elizabeth Gaskell, Cranford (Oxford: World’s Classics, 1972), p. 161. 23 Gaskell had quite a lot of trouble with the title. Having first wanted to call it ‘John Barton’, she then suggested ‘A Manchester Love Story’, which was also rejected by her publisher. 24 Elizabeth Gaskell, Mary Barton (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1996), p. 9.
Recommended publications
  • The Radical Voices of Elizabeth Gaskell and Margaret Oliphant

    The Radical Voices of Elizabeth Gaskell and Margaret Oliphant

    From Fallen Woman to Businesswoman: The Radical Voices of Elizabeth Gaskell and Margaret Oliphant Item Type Thesis or dissertation Authors Baker, Katie Citation Baker, K. (2018). From Fallen Woman to Businesswoman: The Radical Voices of Elizabeth Gaskell and Margaret Oliphant. (Doctoral dissertation). University of Chester, United Kingdom. Publisher University of Chester Rights Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 United States Download date 30/09/2021 14:12:07 Item License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/ Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10034/621387 From Fallen Woman to Businesswoman: The Radical Voices of Elizabeth Gaskell and Margaret Oliphant Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements of the University of Chester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Katie Baker April 2018 Declaration The material being presented for examination is my own work and has not been submitted for an award of this or any other HEI except in minor particulars which are explicitly noted in the body of the thesis. Where research pertaining to the thesis was undertaken collaboratively, the nature and extent of my individual contribution has been made explicit. Signed Date Abstract This thesis demonstrates the ways in which Elizabeth Gaskell and Margaret Oliphant drew upon their domestic identities as wives and mothers to write in radical, yet subtle, ways which had the potential to educate and inform their young female readership. While in the nineteenth century the domestic space was viewed as the rightful place for women, I show how both Gaskell and Oliphant expanded this idea to demonstrate within their novels and short stories the importance of what I term an 'extended domesticity'.
  • Manchester Visitor Information What to See and Do in Manchester

    Manchester Visitor Information What to See and Do in Manchester

    Manchester Visitor Information What to see and do in Manchester Manchester is a city waiting to be discovered There is more to Manchester than meets the eye; it’s a city just waiting to be discovered. From superb shopping areas and exciting nightlife to a vibrant history and contrasting vistas, Manchester really has everything. It is a modern city that is Throw into the mix an dynamic, welcoming and impressive range of galleries energetic with stunning and museums (the majority architecture, fascinating of which offer free entry) and museums, award winning visitors are guaranteed to be attractions and a burgeoning stimulated and invigorated. restaurant and bar scene. Manchester has a compact Manchester is a hot-bed of and accessible city centre. cultural activity. From the All areas are within walking thriving and dominant music distance, but if you want scene which gave birth to to save energy, hop onto sons as diverse as Oasis and the Metrolink tram or jump the Halle Orchestra; to one of aboard the free Mettroshuttle the many world class festivals bus. and the rich sporting heritage. We hope you have a wonderful visit. Manchester History Manchester has a unique history and heritage from its early beginnings as the Roman Fort of ‘Mamucium’ [meaning breast-shape hill], to today’s reinvented vibrant and cosmopolitan city. Known as ‘King Cotton’ or ‘Cottonopolis’ during the 19th century, Manchester played a unique part in changing the world for future generations. The cotton and textile industry turned Manchester into the powerhouse of the Industrial Revolution. Leaders of commerce, science and technology, like John Dalton and Richard Arkwright, helped create a vibrant and thriving economy.
  • Preservation and Progress in Cranford

    Preservation and Progress in Cranford

    Preservation and Progress in Cranford Katherine Leigh Anderson Lund University Department of English ENGK01 Bachelor Level Degree Essay Christina Lupton May 2009 1 Table of Contents I. Introduction and Thesis.................................................. 3 II. Rejection of Radical Change in Cranford...................... 4 III. Traditional Modes of Progress....................................... 11 IV. Historical Transmission Through Literature.................. 14 V. Concluding Remarks....................................................... 18 VI. Works Cited...................................................................... 20 2 Introduction and Thesis Elizabeth Gaskell's Cranford was first published between 1851 and 1853 as a series of episodic stories in Household Words under the the editorship of Charles Dickens; it wasn't until later that Cranford was published in single volume book form. Essentially, Cranford is a collection of stories about a group of elderly single Victorian ladies and the society in which they live. As described in its opening sentence, ”In the first place, Cranford is in possession of the Amazons; all the holders of houses, above certain rent, are women” (1). Cranford is portrayed through the eyes of the first person narrator, Mary Smith, an unmarried woman from Drumble who visits Cranford occasionally to stay with the Misses Deborah and Matilda Jenkyns. Through Mary's observations the reader becomes acquainted with society at Cranford as well as Cranfordian tradition and ways of life. Gaskell's creation of Cranford was based on her own experiences growing up in the small English town of Knutsford. She made two attempts previous to Cranford to document small town life based on her Knutsford experiences: the first a nonfiction piece titled ”The Last Generation” (1849) that captured her personal memories in a kind of historical preservation, the second was a fictional piece,”Mr.
  • Notes to Chapter 1

    Notes to Chapter 1

    Notes Notes to Chapter 1 1. Lord David Cecil's discussion of Gaskell in Early Victorian Novelists (London: Constable, 1934) is a notorious example of devaluing a writer by reference to her femininity: 'she was all a woman was expected to be; gentle, domestic, tactful, unintelledual, prone to tears, easily shocked. So far from chafing at the limits imposed on her activities, she accepted them with serene satisfaction' (p. 198). The first writer to give extended treatment to Gaskell's involvement in feminism is Aina Rubenius in The Woman Question in Mrs Gaskell's Life and Work (Uppsala: Lundequistka Bokhandeln, 1950). 2. Raymond Williams finds that despite her 'deep imaginative sympathy' for the workers, Gaskell in Mary Barton shares and expresses middle-class fears about working-class action. Culture and Society (London: Chatto, 1958) p. 90. John Lucas writes that the reconciliation between classes in North and South comes down to teaching the lower orders to know their place. 'Mrs Gaskell and Brotherhood', in Tradition and Tolerance in Nineteenth-century Fiction, ed. David Howard et al. (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1966) p.205. 3. See especially Patsy Stoneman, Elizabeth Gaskell (Brighton: Harvestelj 1987), and Margaret Homans, Bearing the Word: Language and Female Experience in Nineteenth-century Women~ Writing (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986). 4. Winifred Gerin, Eliubeth Gaskell: A Biography (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976) p. 17. 5. Annette B. Hopkins, Elizabeth GaskeU: Her life and Work (London: John Lehmann, 1932) p. 34. 6. See Sally Stonehouse, 'A Letter from Mrs Gaskell', Brontl Society Transactions, vol. 20 (1991) pp.
  • N混WS1LJE うrtje

    N混WS1LJE うrtje

    現邸主 MEETING OF 強 E GASKELL SOCIETY WILL BE lN MAN C'昆 EST 限必 84 乱， YMOUT 聾 GROVE Date: Date: APRIL 26TH T1 箇e: 2. ∞p ・乱 CMmRMpueba4J ke ec 世&+』 ---e ふ GEOF 路島Y SI 強RPS を t1AMW HO 官 1 BECAME A GASKELLIA 琵 付wm T錦町 主1.00 叩川町 UHH 品世:ミ RSVP: MRS J 脅 LEAC 日- Tel: 0565 4;:¥ 五8 Jt ， 、:J C， iγγCCNず~t. 島民.00 鉱 ST. 続 IAP&L 制吋 揺蹄.G 制加語、 G師協 PIAN 守1:) F.N>> p、 "~o U1" H CHESHU 2.[ ミ G 時:T VE. 混 う J& ふ N WS 1L JE rTJE Comment8 ， contributioDS and suggestions welcomed by the 恕X 宝OR: Mrs J. Lea ch ， Far Yew Tree .House ， OVer OVer Tabley ，Knutsford ，Che~hire 砥晶 16 鑑賞 離 AllC 麗 19.' NO.I Telephone: Telephone: 0565 4668 EDITCR'S LETTER 工 have only 工'ecent 工y realised hoVJ many literarγsocieties there are and what exce 工工 ent 工iterature many of them produce~ so 工 am rather nervous about venturing into print as editor of this ，the first Gaskel 工 Society Newsletter 。 The B~cntg Society was founded in 1893 so 工 am sure that their first pub 工ications must now be co 工工 ectors' itemso Our two Societies share a common interest through tt. e 、寸 friendship of Elizabeth Gaskell and Charlotte Bron 七話; in the current Brontg Socie 七y Transactions Mrs Gaskell's name appears on a third of 七he pages 。 As members of The GB_skell Society we have some missionary work to do ，to win better recognition for Eユizabeth Gaske 工工 's varied achievemen 七S 。 工t is encouragins to note that her novels are now available in several paper-back series: OaUaPo ，Penguin and Den 七。 工was appal 工ed by the inaccuracy of Longman's Outline of English Literature entry for Elizabeth Gaske ユエ which 工
  • Gaskell Society Newsletter Contents

    Gaskell Society Newsletter Contents

    GASKELL SOCIETY NEWSLETTER CONTENTS No.1. March 1986. Nussey, John. Inauguration of the Gaskell Society: a Brontë Society Members’ Account. p3-5. Brill, Barbara. Annie A. and Fleeming [Jenkin]. p6-11. [Leach, Joan]. Mrs Gaskell – a Cinderella at Chatsworth. p14-16. No.2. August 1986. Brill, Barbara. Job Legh and the working class naturalists. p3-6. [Keaveney, Jennifer]. Mastermind. p6. Kirkland, Janice. Mrs Gaskell’s country houses, [Boughton House, Worcester; Hulme Walfield, Congleton; The Park, near Manchester]. p10-11. Leach, Joan. Mrs Gaskell’s Cheshire; Summer Outing – June 29th 1986, [Tabley House & chapel. The Mount, Bollington]. [illus.] p12-19. Monnington, Rod. Where can I find Mrs Gaskell? [The Diary of a Hay on Wye Bookseller, by Keith Gowen, 1985]. p23-24. No.3. Spring 1987. Hewerdine, H., F.R.S.H. Cross Street Chapel. p3-5. Marroni, Francesco. Elizabeth Gaskell in Italian translation. p6-8. Leach, Joan. Cleghorn. p9-10. Moon, Richard. Letter on Boughton Park, [Worcester]. p14. Leach, Joan. Thomas Wright, the Good Samaritan [by G.F. Watts]. [illus.] p15-25. No.4. August 1987. Thwaite, Mary. The “Whitfield” Gaskell collection, [Knutsford Library]. p3-5. Brill, Barbara. William Gaskell’s hymns. p6-8. [Leach, Joan]. Green Heys Fields, [Manchester]. [Country rambles and wild flowers by Leo Grindon, 1858]. p11-12. [Heathwaite House, Knutsford]. [illus. of 1832 water colour]. p13. Summer outing to North Wales, [Sunday June 29th 1987]. [gen. table]. p14-21. [Lascelles, Gen. Sir Alan]. A Cranford fan. p23. [Leach, Joan]. The Gaskells and poetry. p24. No.5. March 1988. Jacobi, Elizabeth (later Rye). Mrs. Gaskell, [port. by H.L.
  • MACFEST MUSLIM Arts and CULTURE FESTIVAL

    MACFEST MUSLIM Arts and CULTURE FESTIVAL

    MACFEST MUSLIM ARTs AND CULTURE FESTIVAL CELEBRATING ARTS AND CONNECTING COMMUNITIES OVER 50 EVENTS JANUARY - MAY 2020 WWW.MACFEST.ORG.UK [email protected] @MACFESTUK FESTIVAL HIGHLIGHTS METALWARE FROM KEYNOTE ADDRESS FAMOUS WRITERS: THE KHALEEQ BY PROF SALIM FIRDAUSI COLLECTION AL-HASSANI CULTURAL HUBS: CREATIVE PAPER CELEBRATING OUR WOMEN OF SCIENCE CUTTING WORLD AND DIVERSE CULTURES MUSICAL FINALE SPANISH AL FIRDAUS WITH SOAS ENSEMBLE AT THE COLLECTIVE LOWRY WELCOME MUSLIM ARTS AND CULTURE FESTIVAL Welcome to our second MACFEST, a ground- Art Gallery). We are delighted to partner with breaking and award-winning Muslim Arts and Rochdale and Huddersfield Literary Festivals, Culture Festival in the North West of the UK. Rossendale Art Trail/Apna Festival, Stretford Its mission: celebrating arts, diversity and Festival and Greater Manchester Walking connecting communities. Festival. We are proud to offer you a rich feast of over 50 In addition, various schools, Colleges and the events in 16 days across Greater Manchester University of Manchester are hosting MACFEST celebrating the rich heritage of the Muslim Days, with arts and cultural activities. We are diaspora communities. There is something delighted to bring you a great line up of local, for the whole family: literature, art, history, national and international speakers, performers music, films, performance, culture, comedy, art and artists including singers and musicians from exhibitions, demonstrations, book launches, Spain and Morocco. debates, workshops, and cultural hubs. MACFEST’s opening ceremony on the 11th Join us! Over 50 events across Greater January 2020 is open to the public. Manchester and the North West are free. The venue for the packed Weekend Festival Enjoy! on 11th and 12th January, is the iconic British Muslim Heritage Centre in Whalley Range.
  • Download Brochure

    Download Brochure

    Setting the standard Welcome to The Hallmark Designed by award-winning architects Broadway Malyan, this stunning new building is set over 15 storeys with extensive views out over the city. The 145 luxury one, two and three bedroom apartments include residents-only access to a ground floor terrace with covered seating area, landscaped roof garden, spacious interior designed lobby and concierge facilities. The stylish and contemporary interiors feature high specification finishes that have been carefully selected to complement the eye-catching architecture. With excellent transport connections, The Hallmark stands proudly on the doorstep of one of Manchester’s most vibrant districts. Setting the standard Reaching new heights Setting a new standard for contemporary design in Manchester, The Hallmark is an architectural landmark for the area. It features a prominent building, with a sophisticated bronze coloured façade with terraces and balconies, a residents’ garden and a grand entrance lobby leading to your luxury apartment. Computer Generated Image of The Hallmark, indicative only. An impressive arrival The Hallmark gives you the feeling The five-star lobby offers the warmest of welcomes at any time, day or night. With a front desk and exclusive concierge, this of a boutique hotel the moment you elegant communal space is the focal point for The Hallmark walk through the doors. and the perfect place to greet your guests. 06 07 Computer Generated Image of The Hallmark lobby, indicative only. Computer Generated Image of The Hallmark lobby, Stylish surroundings Bright and airy design-led interiors at Luxury specifications enhance each of the generously proportioned rooms, while the expansive windows flood The Hallmark are finished to the most these spaces with natural light – offering you the ideal exacting standards.
  • Bibliographic Supplement Gaskell Scholarship 2002 – 2011

    Bibliographic Supplement Gaskell Scholarship 2002 – 2011

    BIBLIOGRAPHIC SUPPLEMENT GASKELL SCHOLARSHIP 2002 – 2011 BIBLIOGRAPHIES/BIBLIOGRAPHIC ESSAYS Ashley, Mike. “Mrs. Gaskell: Victorian Novelist.” Book and Magazine Collector December, 2007: 26-37. Baker, Fran. “Gaskell Papers in the John Rylands University Library.” Gaskell Society Journal 20 (2006): 1-13. _____. “The Papers of J. G. Sharps.” Gaskell Society Newsletter 44 (Autumn, 2007): 2-6. Brotherton Library, University of Leeds. Gaskell and the Brontës: Literary Manuscripts of Elizabeth Gaskell (1810-1865) and the Brontës from the Brotherton Library, University of Leeds. A Listing and Guide to the Microfilm Collection. Marlborough: Adam Matthew, 2003. Print. Chapple, John A.V. “Early Gaskell Scholars: Adolphus William Ward 1837- 1924.” Gaskell Society Journal 19 (2005): 96-99. Hamilton, Susan. “Gaskell Then and Now.” The Cambridge Companion to Elizabeth Gaskell. Ed. Jill L. Matus. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2007. 178-191. _____. “Ten Years of Gaskell Criticism.” Dickens Studies Annual 31 (2002): 397-414. Lingard, Christine. “Gaskell in Translation: A Summary.” Gaskell Society Newsletter 41 (Spring, 2006): 10-16. Sadlair, Michael. 1922. “Mrs. Gaskell.” Excursions in Victorian Bibliography: Scholar Select. Charleston, SC: Nabu Press, 2010. 201-213. Print. NancySWeyant.com Shattock, Joanne. “The New Complete Edition of the Works of Elizabeth Gaskell.” Gaskell Society Journal 19 (2005): 100-106. Shelston, Alan. “Where Next in Gaskell Studies?” Elizabeth Gaskell, Victorian Culture, and the Art of Fiction: Original Essays for the Bicentenary. Ed. Sandro Jung. Ghent: Academia P, 2010. 1-12. Weyant, Nancy S. Elizabeth Gaskell: An Annotated Guide to English Language Sources, 1992-2001. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2004. BIOGRAPHIES/BIOGRAPHICAL FOOTNOTES Avery, Simon. 2003. “Gaskell, Elizabeth Cleghorn.” Continuum Encyclopedia of British Literature.
  • Elizabeth Gaskell and the Middle Class

    Elizabeth Gaskell and the Middle Class

    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2009 “The Sort . of People to Which I Belong”: Elizabeth Gaskell and the Middle Class Allison Masters The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Masters, Allison, "“The Sort . of People to Which I Belong”: Elizabeth Gaskell and the Middle Class" (2009). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 16. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/16 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “THE SORT . OF PEOPLE TO WHICH I BELONG”: ELIZABETH GASKELL AND THE MIDDLE CLASS By ALLISON JEAN MASTERS B.A., University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 2006 Thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts in English Literature The University of Montana Missoula, MT May 2009 Approved by: Perry Brown, Associate Provost for Graduate Education Graduate School John Glendening, Chair English Jill Bergman English Ione Crummy French Masters ii Masters, Allison, M.A., May 2009 English “The Sort . of People to Which I Belong”: Elizabeth Gaskell and the Middle Class Chairperson: John Glendening In this thesis, I examine Elizabeth Gaskell’s development as a middle-class author, which is a position that most scholars take for granted.
  • University of Southampton Research Repository Eprints Soton

    University of Southampton Research Repository Eprints Soton

    University of Southampton Research Repository ePrints Soton Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", University of Southampton, name of the University School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination http://eprints.soton.ac.uk UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON FACULTY OF LAW, ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES School of Humanities A biographical study of the early beneficiaries: The Jewish Education Aid Society. by Micheline Ann Stevens Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 2016 Abstract In Britain, during the latter years of the nineteenth and into the twentieth century, there was a plethora of philanthropic organisations introduced and managed by members of the established Anglo-Jewish community. The purpose of these organisations was, in part, to demonstrate that the influx of Eastern European Jewish immigrants was not a burden on Britain as a whole. In other words the aim was to show that Jews were prepared to care for their own people, financially and morally. Much has been written about the larger organisations but little, if anything, is recorded about some of the smaller societies which usually pursued a narrow and defined purpose.
  • The Gothic As Mass Hysteria and the Threat of the Foreign Other in Lois

    The Gothic As Mass Hysteria and the Threat of the Foreign Other in Lois

    The Gothic as Mass Hysteria: the Threat of the Foreign Other in Gaskell’s Lois the Witch Irina Raluca CIOBANU* Key-words: Lois the Witch, female Gothic, mass hysteria, social and religious discourse Born into a Unitarian family and married to a Unitarian minister, author of several social novels, Elizabeth Gaskell, the Victorian “Sheherezade” in Dickens’ words, was particularly appreciated during her lifetime for her inborn storytelling talent that she equally exploited in her realist and Gothic shorter fiction (short stories or novellas). Her Unitarian liberal education and outlook determined her to take position against the dangers of religious fanaticism, especially since the religious confession she belonged to, in spite of its 19th century strength and status, had often been the subject of various attacks, mainly directed to the Unitarians rejection of the holy trinity1. Gaskell’s own position towards both Unitarianism and Anglicanism that she had been fascinated with2 from a young age speak for her lack of sectarian bias and tolerant religious attitude, which is essentially Christian in approach and transgresses from both her novels and her shorter fiction. Which is more, as a Victorian female writer, Gaskell was always torn between the two discursive options women in general, and female authors in particular had access to: preaching or silencing. Her social novels, Mary Barton (1848), North and South (1856) and Ruth (1853), as well as Cranford (1853) play with both preaching and silencing, with what is said or taught to the audience and what remains unuttered, while her Gothic stories proved to be her chance to give up this frustrating game and develop techniques of displacing unpleasant truths into familiar figures and thus direct her criticism against them.