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Circumambulation in Indian Pilgrimage: Meaning And
232 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & ENGINEERING RESEARCH, VOLUME 12, ISSUE 1, JANUARY-2021 ISSN 2229-5518 Circumambulation in Indian pilgrimage: Meaning and manifestation Santosh Kumar Abstract— Our ancient literature is full of examples where pilgrimage became an immensely popular way of achieving spiritual aims while walking. In India, many communities have attached spiritual importance to particular places or to the place where people feel a spiritual awakening. Circumambulation (pradakshina) around that sacred place becomes the key point of prayer and offering. All these circumambulation spaces are associated with the shrines or sacred places referring to auspicious symbolism. In Indian tradition, circumambulation has been practice in multiple scales ranging from a deity or tree to sacred hill, river, and city. The spatial character of the path, route, and street, shift from an inside dwelling to outside in nature or city, depending upon the central symbolism. The experience of the space while walking through sacred space remodel people's mental and physical character. As a result, not only the sacred space but their design and physical characteristics can be both meaningful and valuable to the public. This research has been done by exploring in two stage to finalize the conclusion, In which First stage will involve a literature exploration of Hindu and Buddhist scripture to understand the meaning and significance of circumambulation and in second, will investigate the architectural manifestation of various element in circumambulatory which help to attain its meaning and true purpose. Index Terms— Pilgrimage, Circumambulation, Spatial, Sacred, Path, Hinduism, Temple architecture —————————— —————————— 1 Introduction Circumambulation ‘Pradakshinā’, According to Rig Vedic single light source falling upon central symbolism plays a verses1, 'Pra’ used as a prefix to the verb and takes on the vital role. -
108 Upanishads
108 Upanishads From the Rigveda 36 Dakshinamurti Upanishad From the Atharvaveda 1 Aitareya Upanishad 37 Dhyana-Bindu Upanishad 78 Annapurna Upanishad 2 Aksha-Malika Upanishad - 38 Ekakshara Upanishad 79 Atharvasikha Upanishad about rosary beads 39 Garbha Upanishad 80 Atharvasiras Upanishad 3 Atma-Bodha Upanishad 40 Kaivalya Upanishad 81 Atma Upanishad 4 Bahvricha Upanishad 41 Kalagni-Rudra Upanishad 82 Bhasma-Jabala Upanishad 5 Kaushitaki-Brahmana 42 Kali-Santarana Upanishad 83 Bhavana Upanishad Upanishad 43 Katha Upanishad 84 Brihad-Jabala Upanishad 6 Mudgala Upanishad 44 Katharudra Upanishad 85 Dattatreya Upanishad 7 Nada-Bindu Upanishad 45 Kshurika Upanishad 86 Devi Upanishad 8 Nirvana Upanishad 46 Maha-Narayana (or) Yajniki 87 Ganapati Upanishad 9 Saubhagya-Lakshmi Upanishad Upanishad 88 Garuda Upanishad 10 Tripura Upanishad 47 Pancha-Brahma Upanishad 48 Pranagnihotra Upanishad 89 Gopala-Tapaniya Upanishad From the Shuklapaksha 49 Rudra-Hridaya Upanishad 90 Hayagriva Upanishad Yajurveda 50 Sarasvati-Rahasya Upanishad 91 Krishna Upanishad 51 Sariraka Upanishad 92 Maha-Vakya Upanishad 11 Adhyatma Upanishad 52 Sarva-Sara Upanishad 93 Mandukya Upanishad 12 Advaya-Taraka Upanishad 53 Skanda Upanishad 94 Mundaka Upanishad 13 Bhikshuka Upanishad 54 Suka-Rahasya Upanishad 95 Narada-Parivrajaka 14 Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 55 Svetasvatara Upanishad Upanishad 15 Hamsa Upanishad 56 Taittiriya Upanishad 96 Nrisimha-Tapaniya 16 Isavasya Upanishad 57 Tejo-Bindu Upanishad Upanishad 17 Jabala Upanishad 58 Varaha Upanishad 97 Para-Brahma Upanishad -
The Omkareshwar Dam in India : Closing Doors on Peoples' Future
The Omkareshwar Dam in India : Closing Doors on Peoples’ Future Abstract: The Omkareshwar Project is one of 30 large dams to be built in the Narmada Valley and which are being contested by one of India’s strongest grassroots movements. In Spring 2004 MIGA, the World Bank’s Investment Guarantee Agency, turned down an application for Omkareshwar because of “environmental and social concerns”. The project will displace 50,000 small farmers and flood up to 5800 hectars of one of Central India’s last intact natural forests. Construction of the dam was taken up in November 2003, in spite of the fact that no Environmental Impact Asessment and no resettlement plan has been prepared for the project. The project violates a number of national and international standards, including the so-called Equator Principles. Although it has been turned down by Deutsche Bank, several foreign banks and export credit agencies are still considering loan and insurance applications for Omkareshwar. Village Sukwa, Omkareshwar submergence area A number of European private banks and several Export Credit Agencies (ECAs) have been asked to provide support for the highly controversial Omkareshwar Dam Project in India. In November 2003, representatives of the Japan Center for Sustainable Environment and Society (JACSES) and the German environment and human rights NGO Urgewald undertook a fact-finding mission to the Omkareshwar area. The following report is based on data collected during our visit as well as discussions with the project sponsor, affected villagers and a review of all obtainable project documents. The Project and its Sponsor The Omkareshwar Project was conceived in 1965 as an irrigation and power dam to be built in the Central Indian State of Madhya Pradesh. -
The Upanishads
The Upanishads The Breath of the Eternal A free download book compiled from the best sources on the web Hotbook and Criaturas Digitais Studio Rio de janeiro - Brazil Index 01 Brief Introduction to the Upanishads 02 Vedas and the Upanishads 03 The 15 principals Upanishads ---------------------------------------------------- 04 KATHA Upanishad 05 ISHA Upanishad 06 KENA Upanishad 07 MAITRAYANA-BRAHMAYA Upanishad 08 Kaivalya Upanishad 09 Vajrasuchika Upanishad 10 MANDUKYA Upanishad 11 MUNDAKA Upanishad 12 Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 13 KHANDOGYA Upanishad 14 KAUSHITAKI Upanishad 15 PRASHNA Upanishad 16 SHVETASHVATARA Upanishad 17 AITAREYA Upanishad 18 TAITTIRIYA Upanishad -------------------------------------------------------- 19 Atman - The Soul Eternal 20 Upanishads: Universal Insights 21 List of 108 Upanishads Brief Introduction to the Upanishads Collectively, the Upanishads are known as Vedanta (end of the vedas). The name has struck, because they constitute the concluding part of the Vedas. The word 'upanishad' is derived from a combination of three words, namely upa+ni+sad. 'Upa' means near, 'ni' means down and 'sad' means to sit. In ancient India the knowledge of the Upanishads was imparted to students of highest merit only and that also after they spent considerable time with their teachers and proved their sincerity beyond doubt. Once the selection was done, the students were allowed to approach their teachers and receive the secret doctrine from them directly. Since the knowledge was imparted when the students sat down near their teachers and listened to them, the word 'Upanishad', became vogue. The Upanishads played a very significant role in the evolution of ancient Indian thought. Many schools of Hindu philosophy, sectarian movements and even the later day religions like Buddhism and Jainism derived richly from the vast body of knowledge contained in the Upanishads. -
Mahakaleshwar & Omkareshwar Darshan
Tour Code : AKSR0404 Tour Type : Spiritual Tours (domestic) 1800 233 9008 Mahakaleshwar & www.akshartours.com Omkareshwar darshan 2 Nights / 3 Days PACKAGE OVERVIEW 1Country 2Cities 3Days Accomodation Meal O2 Night Accomodation In Ujjain 2 Breakfast 2 Dinner Visa & Taxes 5% GST Applicable Highlights Daily Breakfast & Dinner All Transfers & Sightseeing By Private Vehicle As Per The Tour Itinerary. Hotel Luxury Taxes. AC Will Not Work In Hilly Area. SIGHTSEEINGS OVERVIEW Chintaman Ganesh temple, Kal Bhairav temple, Ved Shala, Kaliadeh palace. SIGHTSEEINGS Chintaman Ganesh Ujjain Biggest temple of Lord Ganesha in Ujjain. This temple is built across the Kshipra River on the Fatehabad railway line, and is located about 7 km far south-westerly to the Ujjain town. The temple is located now in the middle of the town's market. The temple dates back to 11th and 12th centuries when the Paramaras ruled over Malwa. The Ganesha idol enshrined in this temple is supposed to be swayamabhu. Kal Bhairav temple Ujjain Hindu temple located in the Ujjain city, India. It is dedicated to Kal Bhairav, the guardian deity of the city. Located on the banks of the Shipra River, it is one of the most active temples in the city, visited by hundreds of devotees daily. Liquor is one of the offerings made to the temple deity. Vedh Shala Ujjain Vedh Shala or Jantar Mantar is located in the holy city of New Ujjain. It is an observatory built by Maharaja Jai Singh II in 1725 which consists of 13 architectural astronomy instruments. The observatory is one of the five observatories built by Maharaja Jai Singh II when he was governor of Ujjain. -
Temple Calendar
Year : SHAARVARI MARGASIRA - PUSHYA Ayana: UTTARA MARGAZHI - THAI Rtu: HEMANTHA JANUARY DHANU - MAKARAM SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT Tritiya 8.54 D Recurring Events Special Events Tritiya 9.40 N Chaturthi 8.52 N Temple Hours Chaturthi 6.55 ND Daily: Ganesha Homam 01 NEW YEAR DAY Pushya 8.45 D Aslesha 8.47 D 31 12 HANUMAN JAYANTHI 1 2 P Phalguni 1.48 D Daily: Ganesha Abhishekam Mon - Fri 13 BHOGI Daily: Shiva Abhishekam 14 MAKARA SANKRANTHI/PONGAL 9:30 am to 12:30 pm Tuesday: Hanuman Chalisa 14 MAKARA JYOTHI AYYAPPAN 5:30 pm to 8:30 pm PUJA Thursday : Vishnu Sahasranama 28 THAI POOSAM VENKATESWARA PUJA Friday: Lalitha Sahasranama Moon Rise 9.14 pm Sat, Sun & Holidays Moon Rise 9.13 pm Saturday: Venkateswara Suprabhatam SANKATAHARA CHATURTHI 8:30 am to 8:30 pm NEW YEAR DAY SANKATAHARA CHATURTHI Panchami 7.44 N Shashti 6.17 N Saptami 4.34 D Ashtami 2.36 D Navami 12.28 D Dasami 10.10 D Ekadasi 7.47 D Magha 8.26 D P Phalguni 7.47 D Hasta 5.39 N Chitra 4.16 N Swati 2.42 N Vishaka 1.02 N Dwadasi 5.23 N 3 4 U Phalguni 6.50 ND 5 6 7 8 9 Anuradha 11.19 N EKADASI PUJA AYYAPPAN PUJA Trayodasi 3.02 N Chaturdasi 12.52 N Amavasya 11.00 N Prathama 9.31 N Dwitiya 8.35 N Tritiya 8.15 N Chaturthi 8.38 N 10 Jyeshta 9.39 N 11 Mula 8.07 N 12 P Ashada 6.51 N 13 U Ashada 5.58 D 14 Shravana 5.34 D 15 Dhanishta 5.47 D 16 Satabhisha 6.39 N MAKARA SANKRANTHI PONGAL BHOGI MAKARA JYOTHI AYYAPPAN SRINIVASA KALYANAM PRADOSHA PUJA HANUMAN JAYANTHI PUSHYA / MAKARAM PUJA SHUKLA CHATURTHI PUJA THAI Panchami 9.44 N Shashti 11.29 N Saptami 1.45 N Ashtami 4.20 N Navami 6.59 -
Ratlam Division
Tourist Places Ratlam Division RATLAM Ratlam known historically as Ratnapuri, is a city in the northwestern part of the Malwa region in Madhya Pradesh state of central India. Ratlam was given to Ratan Singh Rathore as a gift by Shah Jahan. Ratlam was one of the first commercial cities established in Central India. The city quickly became known for trading in opium, tobacco, and salt, as well as for its bargains called "Sattas". Before the opening of the Rajputana State Railway to Khandwa in 1872, there was no better place to trade than in Ratlam. It is well known for Gold, Ratlami Sev and Ratlami Saari. Ratlam has several industries which manufacture copper wire, plastic ropes, chemicals and artificial oxygen, among other products. People can be seen pouring from distant places for gold purchase owing to the purity of gold here. Ratlami Sev is a very popular food item, which is even exported to countries in the Gulf and America. Best Buy: Gold, Silver,Ratlami Saari, Traditional Nearest Rail Head: Ratlam Handicraft and Ratlami Sev Omkareshwar Temple Omkareshwar, one of the 12 revered Jyotirlinga shrines of Shiva is situated on the islands of Mandhata on the river Narmada. The structure of island appears in the shape of Hindu Om symbol. Tourists visiting the temple can find 2 temple shrines situated here. One is the Omkareshwar which portrays the name of "OM-maker-lord" whereas the other is the Amareshwar, which portrays the name describing "immortal lord" or "lord of the immortals". Omkareshwar lies at the meeting point of the rivers Narmada and the Kaveri. -
Why I Became a Hindu
Why I became a Hindu Parama Karuna Devi published by Jagannatha Vallabha Vedic Research Center Copyright © 2018 Parama Karuna Devi All rights reserved Title ID: 8916295 ISBN-13: 978-1724611147 ISBN-10: 1724611143 published by: Jagannatha Vallabha Vedic Research Center Website: www.jagannathavallabha.com Anyone wishing to submit questions, observations, objections or further information, useful in improving the contents of this book, is welcome to contact the author: E-mail: [email protected] phone: +91 (India) 94373 00906 Please note: direct contact data such as email and phone numbers may change due to events of force majeure, so please keep an eye on the updated information on the website. Table of contents Preface 7 My work 9 My experience 12 Why Hinduism is better 18 Fundamental teachings of Hinduism 21 A definition of Hinduism 29 The problem of castes 31 The importance of Bhakti 34 The need for a Guru 39 Can someone become a Hindu? 43 Historical examples 45 Hinduism in the world 52 Conversions in modern times 56 Individuals who embraced Hindu beliefs 61 Hindu revival 68 Dayananda Saraswati and Arya Samaj 73 Shraddhananda Swami 75 Sarla Bedi 75 Pandurang Shastri Athavale 75 Chattampi Swamikal 76 Narayana Guru 77 Navajyothi Sree Karunakara Guru 78 Swami Bhoomananda Tirtha 79 Ramakrishna Paramahamsa 79 Sarada Devi 80 Golap Ma 81 Rama Tirtha Swami 81 Niranjanananda Swami 81 Vireshwarananda Swami 82 Rudrananda Swami 82 Swahananda Swami 82 Narayanananda Swami 83 Vivekananda Swami and Ramakrishna Math 83 Sister Nivedita -
Bhagavad Gita:The Shivaratri and the Story of Lord Shiva
International Gita Society [Home] Other sites on Lord Shiva: SIVASAHASRANAMA The Greatness of Lord Shiva Lord Shiva More on Shiva Introduction The Story of King Chitrabhanu Spiritual Significance of the Ritual Lord Shiva's Assuarance Introduction This falls on the 13th (or 14th) day of the dark half of Phalgun (February-March). The name means "the night of Shiva". The ceremonies take place chiefly at night. This is a festival observed in honour of Lord Shiva. Shiva was married to Parvati on this day. People observe a strict fast on this day. Some devotees do not even take a drop of water. They keep vigil all night. The Shiva Lingam is worshipped throughout the night by washing it every three hours with milk, curd, honey, rose water, etc., whilst the chanting of the Mantra Om Namah Shivaya continues. Offerings of bael leaves are made to the Lingam. Bael leaves are very sacred as, it is said, Lakshmi resides in them. Hymns in praise of Lord Shiva, such as the Shiva Mahimna Stotra of Pushpadanta or Ravana's Shiva Tandava Stotra are sung with great fervour and devotion. People repeat the Panchakshara Mantra, Om Namah Shivaya. He who utters the Names of Shiva during Shivaratri, with perfect devotion and concentration, is freed from all sins. He reaches the abode of Shiva and lives there happily. He is liberated from the wheel of births and deaths. Many pilgrims flock to the places where there are Shiva temples. The Story of King Chitrabhanu In the Shanti Parva of the Mahabharata, Bhishma, whilst resting on the bed of arrows and discoursing on Dharma, refers to the observance of Maha Shivaratri by King Chitrabhanu. -
Maha Shivaratri
Maha Shivaratri Maha Shivaratri (Maha Shivratri, Maha Sivaratri, Shivaratri, Sivaratri) is a festival that is dedicated to the worship Lord Shiva on the 13th or 14th day of the Hindu month of Maagha or Phalguna. The festival usually occurs in the month of February or March and is observed for one day and night only. The festival of 'Maha Shivratri' which literally translates to 'the greatest night of Shiva' is one of the most splendidly celebrated festivals across India. But, why is Shivratri celebrated? There is more than one Mahashivaratri story surrounding this occasion. Here are a few: • One is that Lord Shiva married Parvati on this day. So, it is a celebration of this sacred union. • Another is that when the Gods and demons churned the ocean together to obtain ambrosia that lay in its depths, a pot of poison emerged. Lord Shiva consumed this poison, saving both the Gods and mankind. The poison lodged in the Lord’s throat, turning him blue. To honor the savior of the world, Shivratri is celebrated. • One more legend is that as Goddess Ganga descended from heaven in full force, Lord Shiva caught her in his matted locks, and released her on to Earth as several streams. This prevented destruction on Earth. As a tribute to Him, the Shivalinga is bathed on this auspicious night. • Also, it is believed that the formless God Sadashiv appeared in the form of a Lingodhbhav Moorthi at midnight. Hence, people stay awake all night, offering prayers to the God. A student's experience of celebrating Maha Shiviratri I came from Mauritius and Maha Shivaratri is celebrated during the new moon and during this period of time most Hindus will start there pilgrimage to the sacred lake of Ganga Talao located in Grande Bassin. -
Swami Chinmayananda
January/February 2015 Vol. 26, No.1 Swami Chinmayananda CHINMAYA MISSION SAN JOSE PUBLICATION MISSION STATEMENT To provide to individuals, from any background, the wisdom of Vedanta and practical means for spiritual growth and happiness, enabling them to become a positive contributor to the society. Chinmaya Lahari While Shiva dances, His matted locks hold the sacred river Ganga, the power and the source of all movement in life, with its waters that purify mankind and the crescent moon delicate as a new-born babe with its promise of life in all its radiance and glory. What is perhaps most significant of all in the image is the combination of this God ascetic, the solitary One, master of meditation, with the frenzied dance - the Yogi and the artist. A dancer becomes the being that he impersonates on the stage. In the dance are aroused the entire energy of body, mind, intellect and soul.. It is a complete surrender to God. While the body moves in a frenzy, like the world with its tumult, Shiva Himself, is undisturbed by the activity, depicting most wonderfully the mortal life and Divine Self. Swami Chinmayananda Art of God Symbolism CONTENTS Volume 26 No.1 January/February 2015 From The Editors Desk . 2 Chinmaya Tej Editorial Staff . 2 The Challenge Part 1 . 3 Satsang with Pujya Gurudev . 8 Maha Shivaratri 2015 . 10 Sādhanā . 16 Swami Chinmayananda's Visit to Krishnalaya . 18 Work . 20 Swaranjali Youth Choir . 21 Tapovan Prasad . 21 Chinmaya Study Groups . 22 Adult Classes at Sandeepany . 23 Shiva Abhisheka & Puja . 23 Bala Vihar/Yuva Kendra & Language Classes . -
Genesis and Growth of Saivism in Early Tamil Country
© 2020 JETIR June 2020, Volume 7, Issue 6 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) GENESIS AND GROWTH OF SAIVISM IN EARLY TAMIL COUNTRY N. PERUMAL Full time Ph.D., Research Scholar, Research Department of History, V.O. Chidambaram College, Thoothukudi – 8. (Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli – 12.) ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to highlight the origin and growth of Saivism in early Tamil country. Hinduism consists of six systems namely Saivism. Vaishnavism, Ganapathiam , Kaumaram, souram and Saktham1. Saivism refers to the exclusive worship of Siva Saivam means that which has connection with Siva. Saivaites worship Siva as the supreme deity The Hinduism of Tamilagam has incorporate the Pre-Dravidian, Dravidian and Aryan religious beliefs and practices. This process of different racial practices in the sphere of religion had commenced by the Sangam age itself2. Key Words : Saivism, Lord Siva, Bhakti cult, SaivaNayanmars, Linga. Introduction: The Sangam literature contains numerous references to Siva and Thirumal worship3. Siva worship first started into fire worship, and then developed as sound subsequently as idol worship. In Tolkappiam4 in the Sutra beginning with Theivam, unevemamaram, the word Theivam indicates light. The Sangam poet Madurai Kannattanar, indicates that Sivan and Thirumal are the two great gods of ancient time5. Siva is referred as the God seated under the Banyentree6 which implies Siva, as Dakshinamurti seated under the Kallal tree. It has been said that Siva preached the message of the Vedas to the people of the world7. He is believed to have created the Panchabutas. Madurai Kanchi says that Lord with axe is the creator of water earth fire, air and the stars8.