Bird Strike Risk Control in Meizhou Airport Based on Cascading Failure Model in Coupled Map Lattices
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E3S Web of Conferences 261, 03050 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126103050 ICEMEE 2021 Bird Strike Risk Control in Meizhou Airport Based on Cascading Failure Model in Coupled Map Lattices Liang Qiao1,* 1School of Airport Management, Civil Aviation College of Guangzhou, Guangdong, China Abstract. The fundamental way to reduce the risk of bird strike is to manage the ecological environment of the airport and its surrounding areas and affect the ecological chain of birds. Based on a comprehensive survey of animal and plant populations in Meizhou airport, an airport ecological chain network is established, and a improved cascading failure model in coupled map lattices is introduced to simulate the robustness and vulnerability of the network. It is found that airport ecological network will be collapsed around five time series one after another under the external attack. It also shows that the network will have a global breakdown under a very small external perturbation value when Solanum indicum L. and Callidium villosulum Fairmaire are deliberately attacked. The simulation results show that if the airport authorities give priority to governance these populations of animals and plants with higher in-degree, it may reduce bird strike risk. The analysis results provide a theoretical basis for airport bird strike prevention. 1 Introduction 1987, the airport has been continuously reconstructed and expanded, and has become an important domestic Flight safety is seriously threatened by bird strike, this airline airport. The area where the airport is located problem can be fundamentally solved when the belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate zone, which ecological environment of the airport and its surrounding is the transition zone between the south subtropical and areas is effectively managed. Various methods are used to the middle subtropical climate zone. According to the reduce the food source, water source and habitat of birds data, the annual average temperature is 21.7℃, the in the airport and its surrounding areas, Bird population annual average sunshine hours are 1789.0h-2043.9h, the should be greatly reduced that birds ecological chain has average annual rainfall is 1016.3mm-1712.5mm, and the been destroyed. At present, the research on bird strike annual average relative humidity is about 78%. prevention mainly focuses on collision prevention, bird Meizhou airport is surrounded by Meijiang on three strike risk assessment, bird repellent equipment model sides which is less than 200m away from Meijiang. selection, and ecological environment management etc. Jianying Park, Meihuashan Forest Park, Ma'anshan Park, [1-3]. These methods are either difficult to implement or Qiaotou Park, Qinyang Peninsula waterfront wetland too expensive. Cascading failure model of complex park and other ecological parks are located within 5km networks is used to simulate the ecological network[4], around the airport. Jianying park is only more than 600 the influence of node fault spreading on the whole meters, which has a great impact on the airport ecology. network can be studied by analyzing the dynamic Meitang village, Sanlong village and Gongqian village, characteristics of the network, when the ecological three natural villages, relocation areas and large orchards, network is destroyed as quickly as possible, the bird farmland and vegetable fields are distributed outside the population in the airport and its surrounding areas can be boundary on both sides of the airport. In addition to the effectively reduced. In terms of cascading failures, many paved pavement of runway, taxiway and apron, the models have been proposed by scholars at home and airfield of the airport is all artificial grass planting area. abroad[5-8]. Most of these models are based on simulation to compare the behavior characteristics and diffusion process of cascading failures of various 3 Research method networks under given parameters. 3.1. Methods of animal and plant investigation 2 Overview of Meizhou Airport The bird survey covers the airfield of the airport and the key areas within 5km outside the boundary. The Meizhou airport is located in Meijiang district of sampling intensity of the survey route is more than 20% Meizhou City which is 4km away from the urban area. of the total survey area. It includes two 2.5km transects The runway length of the airport is 1800m, the airport along both sides of the runway, and 22 transects in area is 1350 mu. Since the completion of construction in *Corresponding author: [email protected] © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). E3S Web of Conferences 261, 03050 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126103050 ICEMEE 2021 wasteland, farmland, residential area, water area, forest time and subsequent moments, there will be xi(t) ≡ 0, (t > area and artificial grassland within 5km outside the m). boundary. The transect width is 100m in open area and Assuming that an external disturbance (R≥1) is 50m in other areas. applied to node i at time m, the node status is shown On the premise of ensuring the reliability of 95% and below: accuracy of 90%, 36 plots were set up in plant xi ( t 1) (1 1 2 )f ( xi ( t )) investigation. The area of arbor and shrub plot is N N (2) 12f( xi ( t )) f( xi ( t )) 2 2 A A R 15×20m , and 5 quadrats with area of 2×2m are set in 1 ji 2 ij j1,, j i deg (i ) i1 i j deg (i ) the plot. All plant species, plant number, plant height, frequency, coverage, average height, distribution status At this point, there will be xi(m)>1 for node i, and the and characteristics in the sample plot will be failure will begin. For all t > m moments, there will be investigated. xi(t) ≡ 0. It can be seen that from time m, all neighboring The sites for insect collection are grass planting area nodes of i will be affected, and the state value of these within the airfield, wasteland and farmland outside the nodes may be greater than 1, which will cause the next airport boundary, artificial lawn and landscape forest, and round of failures and continue to repeat and spread, aquatic plants along the river. Artificial capture and net eventually the entire network will be paralyzed. capture were used in the daytime, and black light lamp combined with molasses was used to lure and collect at 3.2.2 Model improvement night. The device is evenly arranged in the square grid with a side length of 10m on the grassland and in the Node fault transmission is not only related to the severity artificial trees, and which is set every 10m along the of the node itself, but also related to the influence of Meijiang river. adjacent nodes. Let the attractive modulus between two For small mammals and reptiles, traps and drugs were species be ij (t)(i j), so ij (t) ji (t)=1 及 ii = jj =0. set at the entrance of the cave and on both sides of the At a certain time t, if the attraction matrix of network airport boundary to collect specimens or take photos nodes is () ()t , then formula (1) can be improved from a long distance. Meijiang river is mainly ij N N investigated, including the lake in Jianying park for as follows: amphibians and fish. xi ( t 1) (1 1 2 )f ( xi ( t )) N1 f( x ( t )) A () t i 1 ji ji (3) j,1 j i deg (i ) 3.2. Cascading failure analysis method of airport N1 ecological network ji ()t j,1 j i N2 f( x ( t )) A () t i 2 ij ij 3.2.1 Cascading failure model in coupled map i,1 i j deg (i ) lattices N2 ij ()t Cascading failure is a very important dynamic behavior i,1 i j of complex networks which has a great impact on the The attractive modulus ij ()t and ji ()t in formula system[9]. Due to the strong or weak coupling between (3) can quantify the influence between nodes j on i and i nodes, the chain reaction will make the whole network on j, so that the node states affected by actions of crash when a node fails. The robustness and vulnerability adjacent can be better reflected. Similarly, when node i is of the network can be understood by analyzing the subjected to an external disturbance R≥1 at time m, its dynamic behavior. Ma Xiujuan, Ma Fuxiang, etc. state is as follows: proposed a cascading failure model in coupled map xi ( t 1) (1 1 2 )f ( xi ( t )) lattices[10]: N1 f( x ( t )) A () t i 1 ji ji (4) xi ( t 1) (1 1 2 )f ( xi ( t )) j,1 j i deg (i ) N12f( x ( t )) N f( x ( t )) (1) N A i A i 1 1 ji 2 ij ji ()t j1,, j i deg (i ) i1 i j deg (i ) j,1 j i N 2 f( xi ( t )) In the formula (1), xi(t) represents the state of i at time A t)( 2 ij ij i,1 i j deg (i ) t, 1 and 2 represent the coupling strength of the R N2 inbound and outbound edges of the node, f() x is a ij ()t nonlinear function which represents the dynamic i,1 i j behavior of the node, N1 and N2 represent the sum of in-degree and out-degree of all nodes, deg+(i) and deg-(i) 3.2.3 Node failure scale and attack strategy represent the in-degree and out-degree of node i, A represents the adjacency matrix of node connection Set I(t) as the total number of nodes where the network information.