Journal of African Earth Sciences 124 (2016) 289E310

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Journal of African Earth Sciences 124 (2016) 289E310 Journal of African Earth Sciences 124 (2016) 289e310 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of African Earth Sciences journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jafrearsci Stratigraphical and sedimentary characters of Late Cretaceous formations outcropping in central and southern Tunisia, Tethyan southern margin * J. Jaballah , M.H. Negra Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, UR (Petrologie sedimentaire et cristalline), Campus Universitaire, 2092, Manar II, Tunis, Tunisia article info abstract Article history: The main goals of our approach are to identify some local to global events in relation with tectonic in- Received 2 May 2016 stabilities and/or sea-level changes, occurring during the deposition of Cenomanian-Coniacian carbonate Received in revised form series in Tunisia. Several sections surveyed in Central-Southern Tunisia, along a North-South transect 4 August 2016 extending from Sidi Bouzid to Gafsa area, show that the Cenomanian-Coniacian series include rudist-rich Accepted 20 September 2016 facies associated to other shallow marine to deeper deposits. Available online 21 September 2016 Detailed sedimentological studies supported by new biostratigraphical data (provided by H. Bismuth, oral comm.), have allowed to add more precisions on the lithostratigraphical stacking and thus on the Keywords: Rudist-bearing limestones Central Tunisia Stratigraphic Chart. Some carbonate members such as the Middle Turonian Bireno and fi fi Cenomanian-Turonian the Late Turonian-Coniacian Douleb have been identi ed in certain localities for the rst time. Indeed, Central-southern Tunisia these members were never described before at Jebel el Kebar and Jebel Meloussi. Turonian tectonics In the Sidi Bouzid area, especially at Jebel el Kebar, the Cenomanian-Coniacian carbonate members are Platform drowning characterized by frequent and rapid changes, related to the existence of highs (horsts, probably) and depressed depositional domains (grabens, probably), which formed during the deposition of the two lower Units of the Middle Turonian Bireno Member. Above, the Late Turonian to Coniacian deposits, have tended to seal the irregular paleotopography affected, at least locally, by Middle Turonian extensional tectonic movements. They could be related, in contrast, to a drowning linked to a sea level rise. Similar events were described abroad during Late Turonian times; a partial drowning of carbonate platforms was already identified in other localities of the African Tethyan margin. However, the global drowning corresponding to the C/T event was not identified in the present study, although previous works have described this event North of the studied sector. As demonstrated in other localities, a global eustatic event could be locally interrupted by tectonic events, which could mask the eustatic message and leave their record in the deposit cycle. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction In Tunisia, previous works (Masse and Philip, 1981; Philip, 1985; Razgallah et al., 1994; Abdallah et al., 2000; Philip and Floquet, Cenomanian-Turonian rudist-rich facies are well represented in 2000) described rudist-rich facies in Cenomanian-Turonian car- the Southern Tethyan margin, especially in Central and Southern bonate members, particularly within the Uppermost Cenomanian- Tunisia (Masse and Philip, 1981; Philip,1985; Skelton and Gili,1991; Lowermost Turonian carbonates (called Gattar Member; Fig. 2). In Abdallah et al., 2000; Dercourt et al., 2000; Philip and Floquet, addition, in terms of sequence stratigraphy, the rudist-rich Gattar 2000; Philip, 2003; Scott, 2003; Skelton, 2003, Fig. 1). The distri- carbonates constitute the upper part of a transgressive-regressive bution of the rudist-rich carbonates exhibits abrupt vertical and cycle starting with pelagic carbonates rich in ammonites and lateral changes, which coincide with the succession of major events planktonic foraminifera (Razgallah et al., 1994). occurring from Cenomanian to Turonian times. These pelagic carbonates within the Gattar Member constitute a lateral equivalent of the Late Cenomanian-Early Turonian black- shales (called Bahloul Formation). These latter, which were stud- * Corresponding author. ied North of our studied area, in a deeper environment E-mail address: [email protected] (J. Jaballah). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2016.09.020 1464-343X/© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 290 J. Jaballah, M.H. Negra / Journal of African Earth Sciences 124 (2016) 289e310 corresponding to an outer-ramp setting, constitute an expression of tectonic movements. the global Cenomanian-Turonian transgressive event (Caron et al., On the whole, the main objectives of this paper are therefore: 1) 2006; Zagrarni et al., 2008; Negra et al., 2011). to provide sedimentological data about the main facies deposited The Middle Turonian carbonates (called Bireno Member; Fig. 2) during the Cenomanian-Coniacian interval; 2) to better understand were interpreted as shoal rimmed platform carbonates (Marie et al., the lateral changes of facies at a local to a regional scale; 3) to focus 1984; Negra et al., 1994; Negra et al., 2002; Troudi et al., 2002; on the main factors controlling these facies changes. Zagrarni et al., 2003, 2008). Our recent studies using a detailed sedimentological and bio- 2. Geographic and geological setting stratigraphical approach based on a logging of the Cenomanian- Coniacian series, starting from the Sidi Bouzid area, have focused The Cenomanian-Coniacian carbonates widely crop out in the on the subdivision of this series into members, units and eventually Sidi Bouzid-Gafsa area, which is located in Central and Southern cycles. These latter have to be compared to those identified in the Tunisia (Southern Tethyan margin). Southern Tethyan margin and abroad. Central Tunisia is included in the “Tunisian Central Atlas” According to regional correlations, the Cenomanian-Turonian characterized by the deposition, during the Cretaceous, of shallow platform carbonates show lateral variations in thickness, facies marine platform facies, generally affected by extensional tectonic compositions and geometry. All these changes could be governed movements responsible for the occurrence of horsts, grabens and/ by varied processes, which could be local such as the paleogeo- or half grabens and locally tilted blocks (Chihi et al.,1984; Ben Ayed, graphical setting and contemporaneous tectonic activities, or 1986; El Euchi, 1993; Bouaziz et al., 2002). To the South, the global, implying climatic variations, sea level changes and/or “Tunisian Southern Atlas” includes the “Gafsa trough” grading Fig. 1. Structural setting of Central and Southern Tunisia on the simplified structural map of Tunisia (Bouaziz et al., 2002; modified). J. Jaballah, M.H. Negra / Journal of African Earth Sciences 124 (2016) 289e310 291 Fig. 2. Late Cretaceous stratigraphic chart of Central and Southern Tunisia. southward to the “Southern Saharian Platform”. deposited during a shallowing upward cycle. Toward the South, in Numerous studies have been carried out in our studied area. the Gafsa basin, this carbonate platform sequence laterally passes Most previous studies were carried out by Khessibi (1978), Philip to deeper water ammonite-bearing facies (Razgallah et al., 1994). (1985), Ouali et al. (1986), Chaabani et al. (1990), Razgallah et al. In terms of paleogeographic considerations during the (1994), Abdallah (2000), Abdallah et al. (2000), Philip (1985) has Cenomanian-Turonian period, the distribution of rudist-rich facies, studied the rudist Formations in Tunisia, especially the paleon- in Central and Southern Tunisia, appear partly controlled by local tology and paleobiogeography of Cretaceous rudists in Central and synsedimentary tectonic movements (Chihi et al., 1984; Ben Ayed, Southern Tunisia. Ouali et al. (1986) have highlighted the main 1986; Bouaziz et al., 2002) and sea level changes (Gargouri- Cretaceous extensional tectonic features in the Jebel el Kebar sector. Razgallah, 1983; Abdallah and Meister, 1996; Abdallah, 2002; Around the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary in Central and Caron et al., 2006; Zagrarni et al., 2008; Negra et al., 2011). Southern Tunisia, detailed biostratigraphical and paleoenvir- During the Cenomanian, Central and Southern Tunisia is char- onmental studies have been provided by Chaabani et al. (1990), acterized by the development of varied deposition environments, Razgallah et al. (1994), Abdallah et al. (2000). particularly carbonate platforms. These latter, which behaved as a A representative section of the studied sector, logged in Jebel el carbonate ramp (Zghal and Arnaud-Vanneau, 2005; Zagrarni et al., Kebar, shows, from base to top, the following succession (Fig. 2): 2008) include “the upper limestone Member” of the Zebbag For- mation (Burollet, 1956; M'Rabet et al., 1995), and “the pelagic - The Cenomanian-Early Turonian Zebbag Formation composed limestone Member” (Gargouri-Razgallah, 1983) which is contem- of five members (Zebbag A, Zebbag B, Zebbag C, Zebbag D and porary with the Cenomanian-Turonian transition marked by a Gattar Members; Khessibi,1978; M'Rabet,1981). The Uppermost global anoxic event well expressed in Tunisia (Abdallah and Cenomanian-Lowermost Turonian Gattar Member is mainly Meister, 1996; Abdallah, 2002; Caron et al., 2006; Zagrarni et al., constituted by well-bedded dolomitized limestone rich in 2008). rudistids and flint nodules (Razgallah et al., 1994). The Late Cenomanian transgressive event
Recommended publications
  • Sommaire Introduction
    Sommaire Introduction ........................................................................................................................................7 CHAPITRE I : GÉNÉRALITÉS : ÉTAT DE CONNAISSANCE ACTUELLE SUR LA TUNISIE ATLASIQUE......................................................................................................................................9 I. Evolution géodynamique du domaine nord-africain .......................................................... 10 II. Présentation du domaine orogénique de l’Afrique du Nord .......................................... 11 III. Présentation du domaine atlasique et tellien................................................................... 12 IV. Historiques des travaux antérieurs effectués dans la zone d’étude : .............................. 13 1. Synthèse des événements tectoniques affectant l’Atlas oriental : ................................... 17 2. Synthèses sur la tectonique salifères en TunisieCentro-oriental .................................... 17 3. Synthèse sur la structuration et la genèse des grabens ................................................... 18 V. Cadre géographique et contexte géologique de la zone d’étude ........................................ 19 CHAPITRE II : CARTOGRAPHIE DE SURFACE ET LITHO-STRATIGRAPHIE ......................... 21 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 22 I. Trias : ..................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • La Route De L'ouest
    HHiissttooiirreess ddee ttuunniissiiee VVooyyaaggeess eenn ttuunniissiiee --- LLAA RROOUUTTEE DDEE LL'''OOUUEESSTT,,, dduu tttooiiittt ddee lllaa TTuunniiissiiiee aauuxx sshhoottttttss…… --- LLAA RROOUUTTEE DDEE LL'''OOUUEESSTT,,, uunnee aauutttrree TTuunniiissiiiee…… --- LLEESS PPLLEEUURRSS DDEESS GGÉÉAANNTTSS…… AAllliiixx eett RRoolllaanndd MMAARRTTIINN ISBN n° 978-2-9559986-0-1 Janvier 2017 LLaa rroouuttee ddee ll''OOuueesstt,, dduu ttooiitt ddee llaa TTuunniissiiee aauuxx rriivvaaggeess ddeess sshhoottttss…… Hammam Zouakra… LLAA RROOUUTTEE DDEE LL’’’OOUUEESSTT,,, dduu ttooiiitt ddee lllaa TTuunniiissiiiee aauuxx rriiivvaaggeess ddeess sshhoottttss…… La Tunisie des montagnes A l’orée de la Tunisie des montagnes, on ressent un « manque », un regret. On voudrait s’arrêter là, digérer les sensations éprouvées et les spectacles admirés durant la traversée des hauts plateaux du Tell. Mais Makthar et Thala, pour ne parler que de ces bourgs, ne sont pas encore équipés d’hôtels-restaurants satisfaisants. On parlerait, dans ce cas d’un « cercle vicieux » car les promoteurs n’y font pas construire d’hôtels parce que les touristes y sont très peu nombreux, mais les touristes ne s’arrêtent pas là où il n’y a pas d’hôtel ! Une initiative, une « aide » gouvernementale pourrait résoudre ce problème. Sur la route de Makthar et l'arc de triomphe de la ville Dans un article précédent, nous avons laissé les voyageurs dans la région de Makthar avec la possibilité pour ceux qui étaient pressés, de rejoindre Tunis, Kairouan ou Monastir. Les privilégiés
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    FILE COP | RETURN TO Report No. 274a-TUN REPORTS DESK The Economic Development ONE WEEK of Tunisia Public Disclosure Authorized Volume 11: Annex-Industry December 27, 1974 EMENA Region Country Programs Department II Not for Public Use Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Document of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development International Development Association This report was prepared for official use only by the Bank Group. It may not be published, quoted or cited without Bank Group authorization. The Bank Group does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the report. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS Currency Unit = Dinar = 1000 millimies With effect from 1955 US $1.00 = 0.42 Dinar Dinar 1.00 = US $2.381 With effect from September 28, 1964 US $1.00 - 0.52 Dinar Dinar 1.00 = US $1.90 With effect from December 20, 1971 US $1.00 = 0.48 Dinar Dinar 1.00 = US $2.08 With effect from February 1973 US $1.00 = 0.44 Dinar Dinar 1.00 = US $2.27 UNITS AND WEIGHTS AND MEASURES: METRIC British/U. S. Equivalents 1 m = 3.28 ft. 1 m ton = 0.981 g. ton 1.1 US sh. ton 1 m2 = 10.76 sq.ft. 1 kg = 2.2 lb. 1 km = 0.62 mi. 1 litre = 0.22 gal. 1 km2 = 0.386 sq.mi. = 0.26 US liq. gallon 1 hectare = 2.5 acres 1 m3 = 1.31 cubic yards FISCAL YEAR January 1 - December 31 THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF TUNISIA TABLE OF CONTENTS ANNEX II INDUSTRY Page No.
    [Show full text]
  • Rapport Mensuel, Fin Décembre 2020 Version Provisoire Du 21/5/2021
    REPUBLIQUE TUNISIENNE Ministère de l’Industrie, de l'Energie et des Mines Direction Générale des Stratégies et de Veille Observatoire National de l’Energie et des Mines Rapport mensuel, fin décembre 2020 Version provisoire du 21/5/2021 Conjoncture énergétique I- Bilan et Economie d ’Energie 1- Bilan d'énergie primaire 2- Echanges Commerciaux 3- Prix de l'Energie II- Hydrocarbures 1-Production d'hydrocarbures 2-Consommation d'hydrocarbures 3-Exploration et Développement III- Electricit é et Energies Renouvelables 1-Electricité SOMMAIRE 2-Energies Renouvelables Observatoire National de l’Energie et des Mines Page 2 Faits marquants de l’année 2020 Bilan d’énergie primaire et échanges commerciaux Production des hydrocarbures et forfait fiscal Gaz Algérien Demande des hydrocarbures Exploration et développement * Dont 2 découvertes forés en 2019 Prix et taux de change Observatoire National de l’Energie et des Mines Page 3 Bilan et Economie d ’Energie I. Bilan et Economie d’Energie Observatoire National de l’Energie et des Mines Page 4 Bilan énergétique BILAN D'ENERGIE PRIMAIRE Unité: ktep-pci A fin décembre Réalisé en 2010 2019 2020 Var (%) TCAM (%) 2019 (a) (b) (c) (c)/(b) (c)/(a) RESSOURCES 3957 7898 3957 3946 -0,3% -7% Pétrole (1) 1727 3789 1727 1577 -9% -8% GPL primaire (2) 151 189,5 151 149 -1% -2% Gaz naturel 2030 3903 2030 2176 7% -6% Production 1585 2728 1585 1646 4% -5% Redevance 445 1175 445 530 19% -8% Elec primaire 49 16,2 48,6 44 -10% 10% DEMANDE 9743 8342 9743 9088 -7% 1% Produits pétroliers 4577 3956 4577 4195 -8% 0,6% Gaz naturel
    [Show full text]
  • File:Opportunities for Solar Thermal Systems in the Tertiary and Industrial
    Opportunities for solar thermal systems in the tertiary and industrial sectors in Tunisia Published by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH Dag-Hammarskjöld-Weg 1-5 65760 Eschborn, Germany T +49 (0) 6196-79-0 F +49 (0) 6196-79-7291 E [email protected] I www.giz.de Photo credits / Sources fotolia.com / shutterstock.com Responsible Christopher Gross, Frank Münk, Bassem Triki, Amin Chtioui, GIZ Research Team / Authors Jan Knaack, Bernhard Gatzka, Detlev Seidler, Jörg Mayer, Abdelhak Khémiri Bundesverband Solarwirtschaft e.V. Quartier 207 Französische Str. 23 10117 Berlin Tel. 030 2977788-0 Fax 030 2977788-99 E [email protected] I www.solarwirtschaft.de Design Diamond media GmbH, Miria de Vogt, Susanne Wimmer Place and date of publication Berlin, January 2016 Acknowledgements Abdelkader Baccouche, Souheil Ksouri, Agence Nationale pour la Maitrise de l’Energie, ANME Supported by Abstract The study “Opportunities for solar thermal systems in the tertiary and industrial sectors in Tunisia” analyzes the technical and economic potential of solar thermal applications on the basis of individual case studies. By examining typical heat consumer profiles in Tunisia, the analysis compares three different solar thermal technologies that can be used to replace conventional heat supply technologies and lead to fossil fuel savings. Simulations for different geographical locations are compiled and then compared to economic boundary conditions. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis enables the evaluation of the effect of changes in framework conditions (such as changes in subsidy, technology costs, fuel prices) on the profitability of solar thermal systems. The study gives an overview of present market segments and provides guidance with regard to the economic feasibility of respective systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Structure of the Alima and Associated Anticlines in the Foreland Basin of the Southern Atlas Mountains, Tunisia
    Structure of the Alima and associated anticlines in the foreland basin of the southern Atlas Mountains, Tunisia P. Riley1, C. Gordon2, J.A. Simo3, B. Tikoff1, and M. Soussi4 1DEPARTMENT OF GEOSCIENCE, UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN–MADISON, 1215 W. DAYTON ST., MADISON, WISCONSIN 53706, USA 2DRAGON MINING SWEDEN AB, PAUTRÄSK 100, 921 31 STORUMAN, SWEDEN 3EXXONMOBIL UPSTREAM RESEARCH COMPANY, 3120 BUFFALO SPEEDWAY, HOUSTON, TEXAS 77098, USA 4DÉPARTEMENT DE GÉOLOGIE, FACULTÉ DES SCIENCES DE TUNIS, UNIVERSITÉ DE TUNIS EL MANAR, 2092 TUNIS, TUNISIA ABSTRACT Based on data presented in this study, the E-W–trending Alima anticline in the Metlaoui region of the southern Tunisian Atlas Mountains formed due to far-foreland, brittle deformation. The Alima anticline is one in a series of en echelon folds in the Atlas fold-and-thrust belt of North Africa. Geologic mapping indicates that the Alima anticline has a steep southern limb, a gently dipping northern limb, and per- vasive normal fault sets. Fracture orientations suggest that fracturing occurred early in the fold history as a synfolding process, not as a pre- or postdeformational process. Gravity data show positive Bouguer anomalies near fold crests, not the negative anomalies that would be expected if the anticline were salt cored. Seismic data, collected along lines in basins surrounding the Alima anticline, suggest the presence of several high-angle reverse faults. Based on surface and subsurface studies, we attribute the development of the Alima anticline to far-foreland deformation associated with late Cenozoic contraction. N-S–directed elongation in the Triassic reoriented to NW-SE–directed shortening in the Miocene, causing Triassic normal faults to be reactivated as oblique-slip reverse faults.
    [Show full text]
  • Campanian Merfeg Formation, Central Tunisia)
    Open Research Online The Open University’s repository of research publications and other research outputs Recognition of massive Upper Cretaceous carbonate bodies as olistoliths using rudist bivalves as internal bedding indicators (Campanian Merfeg Formation, Central Tunisia) Journal Item How to cite: Negra, M. Hédi; Skelton, Peter W.; Gili, Eulàlia; Valldeperas, F. Xavier and Argles, Tom (2016). Recognition of massive Upper Cretaceous carbonate bodies as olistoliths using rudist bivalves as internal bedding indicators (Campanian Merfeg Formation, Central Tunisia). Cretaceous Research, 66 pp. 177–193. For guidance on citations see FAQs. c 2016 Elsevier Ltd https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Version: Accepted Manuscript Link(s) to article on publisher’s website: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2016.06.003 Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online’s data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. oro.open.ac.uk Accepted Manuscript Recognition of massive Upper Cretaceous carbonate bodies as olistoliths using rudist bivalves as internal bedding indicators (Campanian Merfeg Formation, Central Tunisia) M.Hédi Negra, Peter W. Skelton, Eulàlia Gili, F. Xavier Valldeperas, Tom Argles PII: S0195-6671(16)30110-0 DOI: 10.1016/j.cretres.2016.06.003 Reference: YCRES 3409 To appear in: Cretaceous Research Received Date: 4 March 2016 Revised Date: 10 June 2016 Accepted Date: 10 June 2016 Please cite this article as: Negra, M.H., Skelton, P.W., Gili, E., Valldeperas, F.X., Argles, T., Recognition of massive Upper Cretaceous carbonate bodies as olistoliths using rudist bivalves as internal bedding indicators (Campanian Merfeg Formation, Central Tunisia), Cretaceous Research (2016), doi: 10.1016/ j.cretres.2016.06.003.
    [Show full text]
  • D004 ...New Concepts on Mesozoic and Coenozoic
    D004 .......NEW CONCEPTS ON MESOZOIC AND COENOZOIC EVOLUTION OF OIL BASINS; IN TUNISIA PIERRE F. BUROLLET' and FATHIA MEJRI 2 CIFEG - GEA, 1 place Viei//e, 04300 Forcalquier, France 2 Enterprise Tunisienne d'Activités Pétrolières An extensive seismic coverage, including 3-D surveys and new geological field works in the North- West, allow new interpfetations on basin fi ll and subsidence in Tunisia . At the crossing between Western and Central Mediterranean and between the Saharan craton and the Alpine ranges, Tunisia gathers several types of basins (see fig .). • In the South, on the Saharan platform, Ghadames and Chotts areas are palaeozoic sag basins divided by the Caledonian and Hercynian Dahar arch. Hydrocarbons are produced from Palaeozoic and Triassic sandstones. • North-East of the Arch, a set of NW-SE and E-W faults formed steps along the border of the Late Carboniferous and Permian Palaeo-Tethys . Marine Permian shales may reach thickness over 3000 m. and reefs developped on the hinge line. • The South Gabes Gulf evolved also as a distensive margin during Triassic and Jurassic, mainly due to E-W faults. Thick Triassic evaporites form salt domes and walls in the Eastem part . Oil is produced from Jurassic and Mid-Cretaceous reservoirs (Ezzaouia field and El Biban and, farther West, Limaguess suspended discoveries) . The Atlasic Tunisia is underlain by thick Triassic evaporites . As a consequence the Mesozoic and Coenozoic series are disconnected from the basement and form "couverture" folds . • The Gafsa trough is a Jurassic and Cretaceous intracratonic basin with very thick restricted and neritic sediments, which are folded as "plis en échelons" by strike-slip movements along deep seated E-W faults .
    [Show full text]
  • Tunisian Republic Investigations (IR)TS-L U.S. Geological Survey
    UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROJECT REPORT Tunisian Republic Investigations (IR)TS-l THE ENVIRONMENT OF SOUTH-CENTRAL TUNISIA AS OBSERVED ON LANDSAT SCENE 206/036 U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-130 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards. Report prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Soils Division, Ministry of Agriculture of the Tunisian Republic, under the^s^pices of the Agency for International Development, U.S. Department ofstate. 1982 THE ENVIRONMENT OF SOUTH-CENTRAL TUNISIA AS OBSERVED ON LANDSAT SCENE 206/036 By Maurice J. Grolier and Patricia A. Schultejann U.S. Geological Survey CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................... 1 Purpose and scope ..................................... 1 Personnel ............................................. 2 GEOGRAPHY .................................................. 4 Physiography .......................................... 4 Vegetation ............................................ 5 Drainage network ...................................... 8 Natural resources ..................................... 8 Population and political subdivision .................. 8 Transportation and communications network ............. 8 SOILS OF LANDSAT SCENE 206/036 ............................. 10 Soil erosion .......................................... 10 Desertification ......................................
    [Show full text]
  • Download Resource
    Secrets of Hydrocarbon Contracts in Tvnisia An analytical Study Published by The Tunisian Association of Public Controllers [email protected] Tunis First Edition – January 2019 Prepared by: Charfeddine Yakoubi - Mohamed Ghazi Ben Jemia And reviewed by a number of experts from various sectors Design and production: Mohamed Wael Ziadi With funding from In Collaboration with Distribution by Latrach Edition ISBN 978-9938-20-107-9 © Copyright: The Tunisian Association of Public Controllers 2018 Table of Contents List of Graphs, Tables and Maps .....................................................................7 Douleb exploitation concession ................................................................. 91 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 10 Semama exploration concession................................................................ 92 Goals of the Study ............................................................................................ 15 Tamesmida exploitation concession ......................................................... 94 Limitations of the study ................................................................................. 15 Sidi Litaiem exploitation concession ......................................................... 95 Methodology of the Study ............................................................................ 16 Sidi Baharat exploitation concession ........................................................ 97 Themes
    [Show full text]
  • Stud Book Tunisien Du Pur Sang Arabe
    STUD BOOK TUNISIEN DU PUR SANG ARABE TUNISIAN STUD BOOK VOLUME XII (2007 - 2010) REPUBLIQUE TUN ISIENN E MINISTERE DE L’ AGRICULTURE Fondation Nation ale D'Amélioration de la Race Chevalin e F.N.A.R.C. STUD BOOK TUNISIEN DU PUR SANG ARABE (T.S.B.) TUNISIAN STUD BOOK VOLUME XII (2007 - 2010) NAISSANCES (BIRTHS) 2007 – 2008 – 2009– 2010 Le volume XII du stud book a été élaboré en conformité avec les règlemen ts internationaux et approuvé par la World Arabian Horse Organisation (W AHO) The volume XII of the stud book has been elaborated in accordance with the rules and regulations approved by the World Arabian Horse Organisation (WAHO) TABLE DES MATIERES CONTENTS PAGES INTRODUCTION VII Présentation des listes et Abréviations utilisées Lists and Abbreviations used XV Statistiques Statistics XVII Réglementation en vigueur Constitution XLVI Dispositions règlementant le Stud Book Tunisien du Pur sang arabe Rules of the Tunisian Stud Book LVIII Liste des chevaux importés List of imported horses LX liste des chevaux exportés List of exported horses PAGES REPERTOIRES STUD BOOK 1 Etalons Stallions 44 Poulinières Brood mares 146 Index des produits List of the offspring 208 Index des pères de poulinières List of dams' sires 224 Index des naisseurs de produits List of the breeders - I - PRESENTATION DES LISTES ET ABREVIATIONS UTILISEES LISTS AND ABBREVIATIONS USED VIII PRESENTATION DES LISTES & ABREVIATIONS UTILISEES I- ETALONS : Seuls les étalons, admis par la commission d’approbation des étalons et ayant eu durant la période de référence de ce volume, un produit vivant enregistré et immatriculé au fichier central de la Fondation Nationale d’Amélioration de la Race Chevaline (FNARC), sont cités dans ce volume par ordre alphabétique de leur nom.
    [Show full text]
  • Sedimentary and Structural Setting of the Aptian Reservoir Deposits in The
    2020 | 73/1 | 59–67 | 8 Figs. | 1 Tab. | www.geologia-croatica.hr Journal of the Croatian Geological Survey and the Croatian Geological Society Sedimentary and structural setting of the Aptian reservoir deposits in the Kasserine area, west-central Tunisia Khaled Lazzez1, Marzouk Lazzez2, Moez Ben Fadhel3, Ramla Ben Rabah2 and Taher Zouaghi4,5 1 Université Tunis El Manar, Département de Géologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia; ([email protected]) 2 Entreprise Tunisienne d’Activités Pétrolières (ETAP), 54 Avenue Mohamed V, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia; ([email protected]) 3 Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de l’Environnement, Département de Biotechnologie, Borj Cédria, Tunisia; ([email protected]) 4 King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Department of Geoexploration, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; ([email protected]; [email protected]) 5 CERTE, Pôle Technologique de Borj Cédria, Laboratoire de Géoressources, 8020 Soliman, Tunisia doi: 10.4154/gc.2020.06 Abstract Article history: The Aptian hydrocarbon-producing reservoirs, in the onshore Semmama and Douleb oil fields Manuscript received May 13, 2019 of west-central Tunisia are characterized by a heterogeneous flow with continuous decline. Pe- Revised manuscript accepted February 18, 2020 troleum exploration in this area requires detailed knowledge of the structural development of the Available online February 29, 2020 basin and its relationship to the reservoir sequence and the source rock distribution. The struc- tural configuration of west-central Tunisia is characterized by NE-SW, NW-SE and N-S deep- seated faults, which outline tectonic structures and it is influenced by Triassic salt intrusions.
    [Show full text]