…… ... [Source: Nokia] [Source: 2019/20) M.

Rannenberg

Kai Kai Dr. UniversityFrankfurt a. Lecture 9 Goethe Prof. Chairof Mobile Multilateral & Business Security Mobile Business I (WS Mobile Devices …… ... 2 Mobile Devices Mobile Overview

Means for I/O for Means Processors, Memory, and Storage and Memory, Processors, Display Accumulators

§ § § § Components Mobile of Devices Categorisation Mobileof Devices Introduction

§

§ § …… ... 3 Mobile Device Mobile Mobile Terminal vs. Terminal Mobile emphasises the fact that fact the emphasises is asmall, handheld device represents the end of a of end the represents device

Mobile Device Mobile

communications link or the edge node of the edge of or node link communications network. communications a Mobile TerminalMobile mobile the computing device. computing A

§ § …… ... 4 Sony Communication TCL Telepong Telit Telme Toshiba Trium Windhorst Xelibri Yulong ZTE Philips Sagem Sendo Siemens § § § § § § § § § § § § § § § § (including some historic ones) historic some (including DeviceManufacturers and Brands Mobile Motorola NEC Nokia Panasonic Huawei Electronics LG Microsoft Ericsson Google HTC BenQ Blackberry Bosch Alcatel Apple Audiovox Benefon § § § § § § § § § § § § § § § § § …… ... 5 - 6.3 5.7 5.5 30.4 16.7 21.9 13.5 100.0 2005 - 1Q05 Market 1Q05 byVendor - to End Users others In 1.000 Units - - Ü and [Gartner2006] 2017 vs. Q1 vs. 2017 9,905.8 - 76,088.4 11,464.2 30,143.3 10,209.5 39,829.5 24,479.8 180,992.2 Q1 1Q05 units [Gartner2017] 9.0 8.1 6.8 41.7 100.0 20.7 13.7 Based on on Based Share (%) 1Q17Market 1Q17Market others Ü 78,671.4 51,992.5 34,181.2 30,922.3 25,842.2 158,368.7 379,977.3 1Q17 units Worldwide Mobile Phone Sales Sales Mobile Phone Worldwide TOTAL Others BenQ Mobile Com. Mobile Sony TCL Communication TCL ZTE Huawei LG Electronics (former LG) (former LG Electronics Lenovo*/Motorola Vivo Nokia Huawei Oppo Apple Samsung Company …… ... 6 8.3 4.6 23.2 14.8 49.1 100.0 2016 - In 1.000 Units byVendor 1Q16 Market Share (%) to End Users 2017 vs. Q1 vs. 2017 - 81,186.9 51,629.5 16,112.6 28,861.0 Q1 171,461.4 349,251.4 Based on [Gartner2017] on Based 1Q16 Units 8.1 9.0 20.7 13.7 48.5 100.0 1Q17 Market Share (%) Worldwide Mobile Phone Sales Sales Mobile Phone Worldwide 78,671.4 51,992.5 30,922.3 34,181.2 184,210.9 379,978.3 1Q17 Units Others Tot al Oppo Huawei Apple Samsung Company …… ... 7 ] 5.0 3.2 4.9 2.3 1.9 2.9 2.3 2.4 33.6 17.7 23.8 100.0 by Vendor Share (%) A Decline? – 2011 Market Market 2011 Gartner2013a In 1.000 Units [ 2011 Units 43,266.9 89,263.2 56,881.8 86,370.9 40,663.4 34,037.5 51,541.9 40,269.1 595886.9 315,052.2 422,478.3 2012 vs. 2011 2011 vs. 2012 1,775,712.0 1.8 7.5 3.9 3.3 2.7 2.1 2.0 1.9 33.6 22.0 19.1 100.0 Share (%) 2012 Market Market 2012 Worldwide Mobile Phone Sales to End Users End to Sales Mobile Phone Worldwide 2012 Units [Statista2014] 47,288.3 37,176.6 34,210.3 33,916.3 32,121.8 67,344.4 58,015.9 587399.6 384,631.2 333,938.0 130,133.2 1,746,175.6

Cf. TOTAL Units sold in 2013: 1,820,200.0 2013: in sold Units TOTAL Cf.

TOTAL Others HTC Motorola Research In Motion

TCL CommunicationTCL Huawei Technologies Huawei LG Electronics ZTE Apple Nokia Samsung Company …… ... 8 2018 - byVendor to End Users 7.7 100% 17.3 14.8 15.8 44.3 2019 vs. Q4 vs. 2019 - 4Q18 Market Market 4Q18 Share (%) Q1 In 1.000 Units 70,782.5 60,409.8 31,589.9 64,527.8 408,358.5 153,205.0 4Q18 Units Based on [Gartner2019] and [Gartner2018] 7.9 100% 45.2 19.2 15.7 11.9 Worldwide Sales Sales Smartphone Worldwide 1Q19 Market Market 1Q19 Share (%) 44,568.6 29,602.1 71,621.1 58,436.2 141,405.2 373,001.4 1Q19 Units Total Company Oppo Others Huawei Apple Samsung …… ... 9 2018 - byVendor to End Users [Statista2019] 2019 vs. Q1 vs. 2019 - Q1 Worldwide Smartphone Sales Sales Smartphone Worldwide …… ... 10 2018 - byVendor 7.3 6.1 20.5 10.5 14.1 41.5 100.0 to End Users Share (%) 2019 vs. Q1 vs. 2019 1Q18 Market Market 1Q18 - In 1.000 Units Q1 Units 1Q18 78,564.8 40,426.7 54,058.9 28,173.1 23,243.2 159,037.1 383,503.9 7.9 7.3 37.9 19.2 15.7 11.9 100.0 Share (%) 1Q19 Market Market 1Q19 Worldwide Smartphone Sales Sales Smartphone Worldwide Units 1Q19 71,621.1 58,436.2 44,568.6 29,602.1 27,368.2 141,405.2 373,001.4 Vivo Total Oppo Apple Others Huawei Samsung Source:[Gartner2019] Company …… ... 11 2013 - [Gartner2013b] in Q2 in Worldwide Smartphone Sales Smartphone Worldwide

the first time.” first the quarter of 2013, resulting in smartphone smartphone in resulting 2013, of quarter salesfor feature sales surpassingphone “ accounted for 51.8 percent of mobile phone sales in the second § …… ... 12 field communication (NFC) module communication field - Evolution of Mobile Devices Short Message Service (SMS) MessageService Short (IVR) Response Voice Interactive capabilities telephony General Near (MP4, Multimediaapplications radio, etc.) TV, video, software party 3rd execute to Possibility …) GPS, camera, (microphone, Sensors connectivity) (Internet Services Data • • • • • • • • Development of device capabilities

§ Complexity …… ...

13 2016

© © Microoptical Examples 2013 2010 2001

2007

New York Times York New Evolution of Mobile “Devices” ©

2006

IBM © 2005 1973 …… ... 14 Size

Mobile Devices Mobile

? … ? Everybody smaller smaller devices. wants wants Everybody Everybody

§ § …… ... 15 80 187 156 1,924 2019 267 423 2,347 70 193 159 [Gartner2018a] 1,903 2018 In 1.000 Units 264 423 2,326 2018 View2018 59 204 160 – 1,855 2017 2,278 262 423 50 220 169 1,893 2016 2,332 270 439 by Segment Segment by WorldwideDevice Shipments category includes devices such as, iPad, iPad mini, Tab S 10.5, Nexus Nexus 10.5, S Tab Galaxy Samsung mini, iPad iPad, as, such devices includes category Based and Notebook) - category includes devices such as Microsoft's Windows 8 Intel x86 products and Apple's Apple's and products x86 Intel 8 Windows Microsoft's as such devices includes category DeviceType (Premium)

Ultramobile

Worldwide device shipments and projections by segment show show segment by projections and shipments device Worldwide preferences: consumer in shift a

and weight. and Ultramobile (Tablets and Ultramobile Clamshells) efficiency energy on focus increasing an may be reason The Mobile Phones Mobile Ultramobiles (Tablets and Clamshells) Ultramobiles (Tablets Ultramobiles (Premium) Traditional PCs (Desk

MacBook Air. The 7 and Acer Iconia Tab 8. Note: The Total Devices Market Total ComputingDevices Market PC Market Market PC § § …… ... 16 2021 79,871 143,707 175,058 1,798,356 254,929 398,636 2,196,992 [Gartner2019a] In 1.000 Units 2020 2019 View2019 74,432 145,811 182,823 – 1,824,628 2,227,694 257,255 403,066 2019 68,869 189,472 147,963 1,802,628 2,208,697 258,341 406,304 2018 by Segment Segment by 64,471 195,317 149,561 1,811,922 2,221,270 259,787 409,348 category includes devices such as, iPad, iPad mini, mini, iPad iPad, as, such devices includes category WorldwideDevice Shipments category includes devices such as Microsoft's Windows 10 Intel x86 x86 Intel 10 Windows Microsoft's as such devices includes category Based - Utility) Premium) Mobile Phones and Notebook) Ultramobile ( Ultramobile Ultramobile (Premium) Ultramobiles (Basic and and (Basic Ultramobiles Traditional PCs (Desk Computing Devices Market Ultramobile (Basic and Utility Tablets) Ultramobile Tablets) Utility (Basic and TOTAL PC PC Market Device Type Device Samsung Galaxy Tab S2, Amazon Fire HD, Lenovo Yoga Tab 3, Acer Iconia One. 3, Tab Amazon HD, Fire LenovoYoga S2, Tab Samsung Galaxy products and Apple'sproductsAir. MacBook and The Note: The Note: • …… news.phonebloks.com] [Source: ... 17 Mobile Devices Mobile [Fairphone2016, Fairphone2017] Based on [Tage2013, Heise15] [Tage2013, on Based [www.fairphone.com/about/] “Fair” and ecologically friendly phones delivered by the end of 2017. out of stock from the first batch of Fairphones sold in 2013. from the second batch of Fairphones on sale in 2014. 65,310 [Wiki2013] More available on the online shop and from some retail partners 35,000 Over Upgradeable through modularization through Upgradeable 25,000 Type of rawof Type materials aspects) (ecological Origin of raw materials (political aspects) repair easy and components of Lifespan (durability aspects) ” § § § § § § § § Fairphone 2 Fairphone Fairphone 1 1 Fairphone smartphone hardware and software designed and producedwith minimal harm peopleto and planet. Strictobservation of: Grounded in the idea to develop and market not possible to produce a 100% fair phone yet, yet, phone fair 100% a produce to possible not “

§ § § §

industry. awareness among consumers and in the mobile mobile the in and consumers among awareness

but by aiming but raise end to towardseeks this It is is It …… ... 18 Mobile Devices Mobile Overview Means for I/O for Means Processors, Memory, and Storage and Memory, Processors, Display Accumulators

§ § § §

Components Mobile of Devices Categorisation Mobileof Devices Introduction

§ § § …… ... 19 Mobile Devices Mobile Overview Lifespan of an application the functionality (Is completeness Functional comparable to a desktop PC/Laptop?) Size of the device Security features

§ § § §

Applicationaspects Technicalcharacteristics § § Categorisationis possible by: § …… ... 20 Technical Characteristics Technical CategorisationMobile of Devices Security module support, secure I/O, program and integrity system Memory security, file security, access control Devices with external memory external with Devices Independent devices communication external with Devices modules security external with Devices

§ § § § § § Characteristics − system Operating Hardware independence Hardware

§ § …… ... 21 - Application Aspects 1 Aspects Application CategorisationMobile of Devices Limitations due to device size Feature Sets Information / Reaction Battery consumption, amount of data, and size of of size and data, of amount consumption, Battery memory costs and communication, of amount integrity, Data

§ § § § § user Completeness of the functionality for the end the for functionality the of Completeness Lifespan of an application

§ § …… ... 22 Application Aspects 2 Aspects Application CategorisationMobile of Devices sized“ sized“ sized” - - - Digital signatures Digital Access control, authentication Data integrity, encryption integrity, Data „Laptop Small / integrated devices „Pocket „Tablet

§ § § § § § § Accesstothesecurity module Devicesize

§ § …… ... 23 low [Burckhardt2001] high Laptop variable UseCases Based on low Tablet short/ short/ medium rather low rather low variable very high Mobile Phone Mobile ons“ per ons“ -

kinds devices: of Differentrequirements differentfor

usecases Frequencyof Duration of of Duration pertask usage „Switch day Numberof § …… ... 24 Mobile Devices Mobile Overview Accumulators Storage and Memory, Processors, Display I/O for Means § § § § Components Mobile of Devices Categorisation Mobileof Devices Introduction § § § …… ...

25

Certificates Keys, User Interface Browser / Operating System Operating Interpreter Application Smart Card Mobile Device Mobile NFC

Near Near Field Communication (NFC) Security Functional Architecture Radio Interface Browser / Operating System Operating Interpreter Application Link Radio Basedon [Posegga2001]

PAN:

Bluetooth, Infrared, …

System (GPS) Global Positioning …… ... 26 Size of a MobileDevice displays) - mounted - Output Facilities (e.g. display) Facilities Output (e.g. InputFacilities keyboard)(e.g.

Separation of components § § head (e.g. display in the watch, considerably determined considerably its: by The size of a mobile device is is device amobile of Thesize

Ü § …… ... 27 Mobile Devices Mobile Overview Means for I/O for Means Processors, Memory, and Storage and Memory, Processors, Display Accumulators

§ § § §

Components Mobile of Devices Categorisation Mobileof Devices Introduction

§ § § …… ... 28 - Display 750 x backlit LCD, inch LED(diagonal) - - 640 x 480 65.536 colours Touch TFT 640 x 480 65.536 colours Touch TFT 960 x 640 16.7m colours Touch TFT 2048 x 1536 16.7m colours LED touchscreen, capacitive 16m colours 4.7 backlit widescreen, 1334 Graphic 96 x 65 Color 176 x 208 4.096 colours Touch TFT Accumulators Polymer; Polymer; Ion; Polymer; Polymer; Ion; Polymer; Ion; Polymer; Polymer; ------Capacity (in mAh) (in Capacity 7,340 7,340 mAh Li 1,715 mAh Li 1960 mAh Li 1.100 mAh Li 850 mAh Li 1.620 mAh Li 2200 mAh Li 1420 mAh Li Fi - Wi 3G 360 120 480 240 840 (2G) 420 (3G) Fi - - Wi Talk time (in min) time Talk (in 14 hours on network (10 hoursnetwork with WiFi) Talk Talk time: Up to 14 hours on 3G 300 240 260 300 408 Talk Talk time: Up to 14 hours on hours on LTE, up to 11 hours on Internet use: Up to 10 hours on 3G, up to 10 Internet use: Up to 12 hours on 3G/LTE, Up to Up to 9 hours of surfing the usingweb 3G data Standby Standby time h) (in Gage - Mobile phone Mobile

Mobile Ameo

- (2016) Apple iPhone 7 Apple iPhone Apple iPhone 6S 6S Apple iPhone (2015) (2014) Apple iPad Air 2 Apple Air iPad Apple iPhone 4 Apple iPhone (2010)

(2007) T

MDA pro (2005) (2004) Nokia Nokia N (2001) Nokia Nokia 6310 …… ... 29 - - - inch (diagonal) inch (diagonal) inch (diagonal) screen OLED Multi OLED screen Multi LCD screen - - - - - 5.8 all Touch displayHDRdisplay 2436 x 1125 6.1 all Touch displaytechnology with IPS1792 x 828 Display 4.7 widescreen LCD Multi Touch display technology with IPS1334 x 750 Accumulators Ion; Ion; Ion; - - - Capacity (in mAh) (in Capacity Li 1,821 mAh Li 2,716 mAh Li 2942 mAh Talk min) timeTalk (in Talk time (wireless):hours 15 to Up use: Internet Up to 25 hours Talk time (wireless):hours 12 to Up use: Internet Up to 14 hours Talk time (wireless):hours 12 to Up use: Internet Up to 21 hours Standby Standby time h) (in (2018) Apple iPhone XR XR iPhone Apple (2017) Apple iPhone X iPhone Apple (2017) Mobile phone Mobile 8 iPhone Apple …… ... 30 Mobile Devices Mobile Overview

Means for I/O for Means Processors, Memory, and Storage and Memory, Processors, Display Accumulators

§ § § § Components Mobile of Devices Categorisation Mobileof Devices Introduction

§

§ § …… ... 31 Picture source: “Voltage Control” Application (Google Play Store) by darek.xan Processors caches(cache memory) built into - die - Lower bound is the voltage needed to switch to needed voltage the is bound Lower a transistor and voltage between relationship Quadratic power consumption

§ § triggered by changes of thechanges triggered by energy of supply Processor's core voltage (1995: 3.5 V; 2000: 1.35 V; V) 1.0 2013: Larger on Larger (“onthe die”) reduceCPU to memory time access Higherfrequency clock (but frequency scaling higheratcomesthe voltage!)of price typically

§ § § §

Less heat loss Less Management Power Power consumption decrease consumption Power Performance increase Performance

§ Ü

§ § …… ... 32 ?? ?? ?? ?? 274 MIPS 2.000 < 14.000 > 20.000 Processors core) core) core) - - - 104 206 800 Mhz 1,800 2,300 2.000 3.600 1.500 Triple (Dual (Quad (iPad: 1000) (iPad: ( Overview of Mobile Devices Mobile of Overview - Quad Core ARM7 Apple A9 Apple Apple A4 Apple Processor Apple A10 Apple Apple A8X Apple Intel CoreDuo Intel StrongARM Intel Core i7 Processor

Gage (2004) Gage - Mobile MDA Mobile MDA

- (2017) Apple iPhone 6S iPhone Apple (2015) 7 iPhone Apple Apple Air 2 (2014) iPad Notebook (2006) Notebook (2010) HTC/T (2002) 4, iPhone Apple (2010) iPad Device Nokia N Logo …… ... 33 ?? ?? ?? MIPS Processors core) core) core) - - - Mhz Overview of Mobile Devices Mobile of Overview 2,39 (Hexa 2,39 (Hexa 2,39 (Hexa 2,49 Apple A4 Apple Apple A11 Bionic Apple A11 Bionic Apple Processor

Apple iPhone XR (2018)XR iPhone Apple Apple iPhone X (2017) iPhone Apple Device 8 (2017) iPhone Apple Logo …… ... 34 Memory off between storage on -

Memory cards Memory Microdrives Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) Module Identity Subscriber Random Access Memory (RAM)

§ § § § the server vs. storage on the client the on storage vs. server the Storage on the client General trade

§ § …… ... 35 Mobile Devices Mobile Overview Displays(LCD) - Crystal - Liquid Diodes(OLED) Emitting Light Organic

§ § Means for I/O for Means Display Accumulators Storage and Memory, Processors,

§ § § § Categorisation Mobileof Devices Components Mobile of Devices Introduction

§

§ § …… ... 36 Display Displays(LCD) - Crystal - Example: Dynasheet (Toshiba) Dynasheet Example: 1cm, 200g, 2005 Liquid Nematic filmTransistor (TFT) -

DualScan Twisted (DSTN) Thin

§ § be manipulated to present present to manipulated be information“ Examples: “Consists of an array of tiny tiny of array “Consists an of can pixels)that (called segments The LCD technology is widespread is widespread LCDtechnology The market. the in

§

§ § …… ... 37 ) Display Displays(LCD) - Nematic Crystal - Liquid Display(Dual Scan Twisted - Displays(Thin Film Transistor) - Active (transistor for each pixel) implies a blurred image with frequently changing changing frequently with image blurred a implies picture elements. Passive matrix LCD displays with passive control have a relatively latency (generallyhigh 100 than ms). more This

§ § § TFT DSTN

§ § …… ... 38 256 none 4.096 16.7m 16.7m 16.7m 16.7m 16.7m 65.536 65.536 65.536 65.536 Resolution Colours Display 96 x 65 101 x 80 176 x 208 160 x 128 320 x 240 640 x 480 640 x 480 960 x 640 1024 x 768 2048 x 1536 2732 x 2048 2732 x 2048 Resolution Color - Color Color Graphic TFT Display Touch TFT Touch TFT Touch TFT Touch TFT Touch TFT Touch TFT Touch TFT Touch TFT Gage (2004) Gage - Mobile phone Mobile Mobile Ameo (2007) - Apple iPad Pro 2 (2017) Apple Pro iPad Apple iPad Apple 3 iPad (2012) (2015) Apple Pro iPad Apple iPhone 4 Apple (2010) iPhone Apple 2 iPad (2010) MDA Pro (2005) T Nokia Nokia N Samsung E700 (2003) MDA III (2004) Nokia Nokia 6310 (2001) Siemens S55 (2002) Logo …… ... 39 ?? ?? Resolution Colours Display 2436 x 1125 3040 x 1440 Resolution AMOLED AMOLED Display Mobile phone Mobile (2019) Apple iPhone X Apple (2017) iPhone Logo

…… ... www.opto.com.tw 40 Display Organic Light Emitting Diodes(OLED) Emitting Light Organic viewing angle

°

180 of one mm), approx. luminosity bulb. electric 100W thinner than 500 nm part thousandth (0.5 electric energy to to energy electric light. layer isComplete Polymers can convert

§

§ § …… ... 41 Display Advantages of OLED of Advantages

Devices can be thinner and lighter. and thinner be can Devices become possible. components extra for Space No background lighting is necessary lighting background No times usage longer and decreases consumption power Electric

§ § § § OLED consist of self lighting polymer molecules: polymer lighting self of consist OLED §

…… ...

42 - + [Covion2006] Display Organic Light Emitting Diodes(OLED) Emitting Light Organic Emitted light Emitted Light Emitting Polymer Device Light Emitting Polymer Electrode Substrate Electrode Film of LEP Thin Plastic Plastic Thin Metallic Counter Transparent …… ... 43 Display put put are special special are Organic Light Emitting Diodes(OLED) Emitting Light Organic Light Emitting Polymer are large molecules widely known as as known widely molecules large are

between two electrodes will glow ... glow will electrodes two between A thinfilmA of Light Emitting Polymers(LEPs) power electrical convert that materials plastic light. visible into Polymers plastics.

§

§ § …… ... 44 [Covion2006] Display visible light visible visible light visible Organic Light Emitting Diodes(OLED) Emitting Light Organic convert electrical power into Polymer Polymer Fluorescent Light Emitting Light radiation is converted into visible light: visible into is radiation converted - UV This is related to the fluorescence of polymers where where polymers of fluorescence the to Thisis related radiation - power

UV electrical electrical

visible light: Light Emitting Polymers …… ... 45 [Covion2006] Display Transparent protective film Protective film Organic Light Emitting Diodes(OLED) Emitting Light Organic LEP film LEP planar displays - Samsung Galaxy in (2013 Round Korea) [Samsung2013]

can be manufactured ... Because plastic materials are flexible are materials plastic Because even non robust and § …… ... 46 Galaxy Galaxy .) Types of OLED of Types Apple iPhone X, etc X, iPhone Apple Matrix OLED) Matrix , HTC One A9, Samsung Z3, Samsung Z3, Samsung A9, Samsung One , HTC - OLED) Matrix Lumia 950Lumia XL, - Priv I] - displays, etc. displays, - [OLED Contains storage capacitor to maintain the pixel line state line pixel the to maintain capacitor storage Contains No on restrictions size and resolution costly More phones mobile as such screens, quality higher for Used (Blackberry S10, Microsoft Simpler electronics, no storage capacitor Lower cost needed) voltage (due to higher the Lower lifetime andsize resolution Limited mobile players, mp3 e.g. displays, simpler used for Mostly sub phone

§ § § § § § § § §

AMOLED (Active AMOLED PMOLED (Passive § § Two main types (based on the driving electronics) driving the on (based types main Two § …… ... 47 Mobile Devices Mobile Overview Personal Area Networks (PAN) Device Input Device

§ § Display I/O for Means Accumulators Storage and Memory, Processors,

§ § § § Categorisation Mobileof Devices Components Mobile of Devices Introduction

§

§ § …… ... 48 Input Technologies Keyboard - Graffiti -

Recognition of handwriting recognition Speech Octave SWYPE Palm TegicT9 QWERTY

§ § § § § § §

mobile devices exist: devices mobile Currently, thefollowing input solutions for Palm © Microsoft © Walk PC Walk © Microsoft © Palm

…… © ... 49 Input Keyboards - QWERTY …… ... 50 Input PALM Graffiti PALM case - sensitive panel sensitive -

with a stylus on a with a stylus on touch characters Can be drawn blindly recognition software recognition Artificial script, based on upper Handwriting Handwriting

§

§ § …… ... 51 Input [T92006] [T92006] Tegic CommunicationsT9 Tegic . isa keypresses keys) Tegic 9 ext on on ext

T

Available in 27in languages Available which is used to look up all the the all lookup to is used which possible words, corresponding to the sequence of Nokia,Ericsson,Siemens, Sony Sanyo words, of Usesdictionary a developed bydeveloped Communications. by:LG,Samsung, used Widely T9( technology predictive text

§ §

§ § …… ... 52 Octave Input

button. Characters can be input be input Characters can by either pen or §

…… ... ©Fiatly 53 Octave Input ” reset “ ” capital letters “ …… ... 54 SWYPE Input [http://swypeinc.com/ product.html] correcting correcting -

Android First commercially available on Samsung Omnia Omnia Samsung on available commercially First Windows(on II Mobile also 6.5), available for algorithms and language model language and algorithms DevelopedbySwype Inc. letter, lifting only between words letter,liftingonly error using guessed is Word Inputslidingby a finger orstylus from letter to

§ §

§ § …… ...

55

[Source: Samsung] [Source: [Source: Wikipedia] [Source: Input Speech Recognition Speech refers to refers is said. is what voice recognition voice Voice - of the speaker, not the speaker, of Blackberry 10 Voice control … Apple Siri Apple Now Google Samsung S Control Voice Phone Windows Sound file is sent Sound file tothe actual recognition where a server process is performed smartphone to back sent is Text … Voice is recorded and compressed initiation of phone calls composition message § § § § § § § § § § § § identity May become important feature for smart watches smart for feature important become May term contrast, In Examples Originally performed directly on PDAs/smartphones service cloud a as provided usually Nowadays Translation of spoken words into text for e.g. applications, various Supports § § § § § § § …… ... 56 Mobile Devices Mobile Overview Personal Area Networks (PAN) Device Input Device

§ § Display I/O for Means Accumulators Storage and Memory, Processors,

§ § § § Categorisation Mobileof Devices Components Mobile of Devices Introduction

§

§ § …… ... 57 ssociation (IrDA) ssociation connections: PersonalArea(PAN) Network - A ata ata D : Connection: ofdevices inshort range, ed ed r

nfra Near Field Communication (NFC) Communication Field Near I

§ § §

Replaces cable Purpose printer. and device mobile example for Personal environment, short range short environment, Personal

§

§ § …… ... 58 Infrared protocols protocols - PersonalArea(PAN) Network family for various purposes Point - - to -

Connection between mobile and laptop and mobile between Connection Wireless printing electronics, for consumer Remote control e.g. TVs Transmissioncards business mobile of machines vending cigarette from extraction data Sales

§ § § § § Exemplary applications: Point Protocol IrDA: Infrared Data Association (1993): Standardized infrared (Serial Infrared) or 4 Mbit/s (Fast Infrared) (Fast Mbit/s 4 or Infrared) (Serial Asynchronous, serial connections up to 115 kbit/s

§

§ § § § § …… ... 59 Infrared ° interruption. - ray misses the target the misses ray 30 - - ° PersonalArea(PAN) Network angle 15angle - If the infrared Wireless Wireless Range of up to 10 meters to up of Range Illumination

e.g. between laptop and mobile phone in trains, trains, in phone mobile and laptop between e.g. network complete to lead Sounding: Optical connection required Short interruptions of the optical connection,

§ § § § § § Disadvantages: Attributes:

§ § …… ... 60 Bluetooth hoc hoc - standard - facto - Personal Area(PAN) Network

Consumer electronics Consumer … Computer hardware Computer Software

§ § § § Broadly supported by related industries: related by supported Broadly Consortium: Ericsson, Intel, IBM, Nokia, Toshiba, etc. Nokia, Intel, IBM, Ericsson, Toshiba, Consortium: v5 (2016) improved speed, privacy, and connectivity Things) of Internet the for (support networks of limited range (up to 10 (up to meters) range limited of networks de but standard, official No Frequency range of 2.4Frequency of GHz range Simple and cheap possibility to set up ad

§ § § § § § …… ... 61 Headset) - Popular Bluetooth Applications Bluetooth Popular Wireless communications between devices (Bluetooth Personal Area(PAN) Network

Fiequipment) -

or Hi or

(to earphones, headphones earphones, (to Sound transmission Sound …… ... 62 - to - net) Bluetooth Applications Bluetooth ó GSM GSM ó devices (headsets, - hoc networks instead of point of instead networks hoc - Personal Area(PAN) Network hoc networks for spontaneous data data spontaneous for networks hoc - mobile or phone ó

hoc connection of different networks (e.g. of connection hoc No optical connection between devices necessary necessary devices between connection optical No 10m) to (up range Expanded ad of up setting Allows point connections Increased bandwidth (up to 865.2KBit/s) to (up bandwidth Increased -

§ § § § infrared technology infrared overcome were technology infrared of Weaknesses laptop laptop Applications similar to applications based on Setting up of ad exchange Ad Connection of periphery of Connection etc.) mice, keyboards,

§ § §

§ § …… ... 63 [NFC] Near Field Communication (NFC)Communication Field Near frequency identification (RFID) identification frequency - PersonalArea(PAN) Network Peer Mode cm or less - to - 10 CardEmulation (referredMode to Wallet") "Digital as Peer Reader/Writer Mode Reader/Writer two NFCactivedevicescompatible (two two devices), (active)An NFCdeviceanandtag(unpowered, passive)

§ § § § §

Three major modes of NFC major of modes Three Range: Range: 106424 kbit/skbit/s and between rates Transfer NFC based on existing radio existing on NFCbased standards Enables radio communication between communication radio Enables

§ § §

§ § …… ... 64 - - - be - 10 - - stalled will - - - sales sales , November - - shipments - shipments - device - 29) - Literature smartphone smartphone device 11 - - - - - 20 - global worldwide global global - - - - 11 - 2016/#ixzz4RPmzVcXZ 16) - - says says says says - - - - 09 q3 - - (accessed 2016 top5 29) - gartner gartner gartner gartner - 20 - - - - 29) - - 11 21 29 28 08 - 11 - - - - 09 - owners/ - 20 - - 02 01 05 04 - - - - 10 - (accessed 2019 13) - smartphone - 08 https://www.fairphone.com/wp - fairphone - (accessed 2016 (accessed 2017 releases/2019 releases/2018 releases/2019 releases/2019 - - - - (accessed 2019 13) - 08 13) - - 2018 - 08 in - - 13) - 29 - 08 percent - - 1 11 - - (accessed 2019 (accessed 2019 point http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2573415, accessed 2013 - in quart 2 - - -- 7 - 2 - (accessed 2019 fourth

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the - flat declined Gartner [Gartner2019a] Says Global Device Shipments Will Be Flat in 2019. https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press will Gartner [Gartner2019] Says Global Smartphone Sales Declined 2.7% in First Quarter of 2019. https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press in Gartner [Gartner2018a] Says Worldwide Device Shipments Will Increase 2.1 Percent in 2018 . https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press [Gartner2017] Gartner [Gartner2017] Says Worldwide Sales of Smartphones Gartner [Gartner2018] Says Global Smartphone Sales in Stalled the Fourth Quarter of 2018. https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/3609817 Gartner [Gartner2016a] Forecasts Worldwide Device Shipments to Decline for Second Year in a Row. https://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/3468817 Gartner Says Smartphone Sales Grew 46.5 Percent in Second Quarter of 2013 and Exceeded Feature Phone Sales Sales Phone Feature Exceeded and 2013 of Quarter Second in Percent 46.5 Grew Sales Smartphone Says Gartner for First Time, Gartner [Gartner2016] Says Worldwide Sales of Smartphones Grew 7 Percent in the Fourth Quarter of 2016. Gartner Says Worldwide Mobile Phone Sales Declined 1.7 Percent in 2012, in Percent 1.7 Declined Sales Phone Mobile Worldwide Says Gartner http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2335616, accessed 2013 Gartner Group[Gartner2013b] (2013), [Gartner2006] Gartner [Gartner2006] Group (2006), www.gartner.com/press_releases/asset_152911_11.html, accessed 2006 20 Gartner Group[Gartner2013a] (2013), https://www.fairphone.com/en/2016/05/26/100000 We We and [Fairphone2017] are here tohere are stay! content/uploads/2018/11/Fairphone_Report_DEF_WEB.pdf 2016. Accessed 2016 [Covion2006] Covion (2006), www.covion.de, accessed 2006 We’ve Fairphone, owners! Fairphone reached 100,000 [Fairphone2016] [Burckhardt2001] Burckhardt, J.Burckhardt, [Burckhardt2001] et al. Pervasive(2001), Computing, München [ChinaInternetWatch2016] smartphoneChinese vendors only ones to increase sales in Q3 2016, https://www.chinainternetwatch.com/19261/worldwide

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smartphone100.html [Wiki2013] Wikipedia: Fairphone, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairphone, 2013 accessed [T92006] T9 (2006), 2006 accessed www.t9.com, [Tage2013] https://www.statista.com/chart/18233/top sales http://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/173048/umfrage/weltweiter smartphone [Statista2019] Huawei in Apple Tops Shrinking Smartphone Market . [Statista2015] derAbsatz Hersteller von Smartphones vomweltweit 4. Quartal 2009 bis zum 3. Stück). Millionen 2015 (in Quartal [Statista2014] http://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/184213/umfrage/absatz mobiltelefonen [Samsung2013] SamsungGALAXY Announces ROUND in Korea, 09,October 2013, https://news.samsung.com/global/introducing (accessed on 2016(accessed [Posegga2001] (2001),Posegga WiTness [LiebowMargol1996] Liebowitz, S. and Margolis S. (1996), The fable Journalof the keys, of Law 1 33, pp. Vol. Economics, and [NFC] NearAbout Field Communication, http://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Fairphone aufgebautes Grew 9 Percent in First Quarter of 2017 of Quarter First in 9 Percent Grew [Heise15] Heise online, Smartphone, hergestelltes fair aufgebautes, modular für 15.0002: Vorbesteller Fairphone

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