Road Sector Assistance Project Ingiriya-Ratnapura A008 El225 ~~~~Contents VOL. 3 Page No.

Chapter 1: Introduction Public Disclosure Authorized 2

Chapter 2 Environmental Impact

2.1 Background 3

2.2 Road Environment 3

2.2.1 Physical environment 3

2.2.2 Ecological environment 4

Public Disclosure Authorized 2.3 Project Related Environmental Issues 5

2.4 Project activities 5 2.5 Applicable regulations 6 2.6 Environmental impacts and Mitigation measures 6 2.7 Environmental Management Plan 9 2.8 Environmental Management Action Plan 10

Chapter 3 Social Aspects Public Disclosure Authorized 3.1 Collection of data 10 3.2 Assumption made in interpreting data/information 10 3.3 Potential Impacts 11 3.3.1 Beneficial Impacts 11 3.3.2 Negative Impacts 12 3.3.3 Mitigation of Negative Impacts 13 Annexurel Environmental Management Action Plan (EMAP) (Protection and Preventive measures that have to be followed by the Contractor)

Public Disclosure Authorized Annexure II Environmental Features Map Annexure III Social Impact Management Framework (SMIF)

Page I of 14 Feb 2006 Road Sector Assistance Project Ingiriya-Ratnapura A008

DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA Road Development Authority (RDA) Ministry of Highways

ROAD SECTOR ASSISTANCE PROJECT (RSAP) Social and Environmental Assessment

Chapter 1: Introduction

The RDA has identified a long list of 1,339 km of roads as priority candidates for rehabilitation. Of this 1,339 km, a short list of approximately 650 km has been selected through a screening process under the RSAP Feasibility Study for detailed engineering design for rehabilitation.

The Feasibility Study included the Social and Environmental screening of the 1,339 km of roads in order: * to assess the social and environmental impact of the proposed proj ect roads and * to avoid including roads which would incur adverse impacts on environmentally sensitive areas or involve significant social impacts.

Subsequently, detailed social and environmental Assessments have been carried out in compliance with the Environmental Assessment and Management Framework (EMF) and the Social Impact Management Framework (SMIF) prepared for the World Bank funded Road Sector Assistance project, which were opened for public comments on 7th July 2005 and 1st October 2005 respectively. Project specific social and environmental Assessments have been, carried out for the following road sections for which financing is expected from the World Bank for rehabilitation work.

Reference No Description 1 A008 Ingiriya - Rathnapura 2 AOO1 Nittambuwa - Kandy 3 A 017 Galle - Akuressa A 017 Akuressa - Deniyaya B 098 Hakmana - Talahanduwa B 142 Denagama - Mulatiyana 4 A 009 Galkulama - Punewa A 014 Medawachchiya - NCP boundary 5 A 010 Padeniya - Puttalam 6 A 004 Wellawaya - Siyabalanduwa 7 A 025 Ampara - Siyabalanduwa A 031 Ampara - Karathive 8 A 016 Haliela - Bandarawela B 044 Bandarawela - Welimada 9 A 011 Maradankadawela - Manampitiya A 011 Manampitiya - Trikkandimadu Page 2 of 14 Feb 2006 Road Sector Assistance Project Ingiriya-Ratnapura A008 Chapter 2 Environmental Impact

2.1 Background The RDA has identified approximately 1300 kms of roads for screening of which approximately 650 km will be identified for detailed engineering design. The screening process will include environmental screening, the purpose of which will be to avoid the inclusion of roads that will result in adverse impacts on environmentally sensitive areas. The purpose of this report is to assess the environmental impacts of the proposed rehabilitation of the Ingiriya to Rathnapura section of the Panadura Rathnapura road which has been selected for detailed design under this project. This road section is 33.75 km long, +he majority of which falls within the Rathapura District of Sabaragamuwa Province (90%), with the remaining 10% falling in the Kaluthara District of the Western Province.

The rehabilitation work under this programme is essentially limited to the rehabilitation and resurfacing of roads, existing drainage, shoulders and other road structures. Road widening is not involved in this project, unless it is essential for road safety or similar reasons. Therefore the rehabilitation of roads under this project is unlikely to cause significant negative environmental impacts.

2.2 Road Environment

2.2.1 Physical environment

Rainfall The road section is in an area of very high rainfall. The average annual rainfall in this section is 4000mm- 5000mm. The average number of wet days per year is very high, above 250 days per year. On a monthly basis there are more wet days than dry days except for February. Southwest (April-June) and Northeast (October-December) monsoons bring most of the rainfall and January to March represents the dry period. Accordingly the two maximum precipitation periods are separated by two somewhat dry periods.

Kalu Ganga (River) This road section traverses mostly flat terrain along the Kalu Ganga (river) valley and its flood plain. The area incorporates an extensive natural drainage system consisting of small streams, large and small rivers, all draining into the Kalu Ganga (river). The road crosses five sizable tributaries of the Kalu Ganga. Water quality in the general area is facing risk of deterioration due to the discharge of domestic sewage, rubber factory effluent and sand mining activities. In the "Western River Basin" study report for the Kalu Ganga (river), poor road siting is also identified as a cause for concern in relation to water quality deterioration. However this report does not provide detailed explanation on this issue.

Groundwater The ground water potential in the area is poor with local and discontinuous, moderate to low aquifers found in fractured rocks. The alluvial band containing groundwater is very narrow. In the flat terrain sections of the flood plain the road runs mostly through alluvial soils of variable drainage characteristics and texture. In some places the road deviates Page 3 of 14 Feb 2006 Road Sector Assistance Project Ingiriya-Ratnapura A008 slightly to the interior, crossing red yellow lateritic soils in rolling terrain. Soils and terrain conditions together are not generally susceptible to heavy erosion.

Quarries and Mining The key mineral resource in the area is gems. Gem mining is carried out at many locations along the road trace in paddy fields and streambeds. Sand mining is carried out in significant quantities at many approved sand mining locations along the Kalu River. Three sand mining sites/locations were identified by the side of the road where rivers/streams are flowing very close to the river.

There are about 50 rock quarries around Ingiriya in the Kalutara District and about 5 areas close to the road corridor in the Rathnapura District. The access to rock quarries and sand mining sites is via Local Authority roads which are generally in very poor shape due to poor maintenance and constant use by heavy and overloaded trucks.

At a 49 locations, sizable boulders or 7 rock patches were observed along the road that might require removal on safety grounds most probably using blasting.

Trees Altogether 93 trees were found in three meters band on both side of the road. This includes three stretches with number of trees concentrated together. All trees have either timer value or valuable fruit trees or have aesthetic value. All these trees may not require removal and very few trees (06) found to be in the road edge requiring definite removal.

Noise There are numerous noise sensitive sites e.g. schools and temples along the roads.

2.2.2 Ecological environment

There are three types of habitats identified within the project area:

* Plantations * Inland wetlands, (primarily paddy lands) and * Home gardens

Flora The District of Ratnapura has forest cover of around 16% however, there are no forests or forest areas along this road section. A number of large rubber plantations have been developed along the road providing mono-crop habitats virtually without undergrowth. Flora in the home gardens includes varieties such as Jak, Coconut, "Del", fruit trees, etc. There are also small teagardens mainly as extensions to the home-gardens. The wetlands consist mainly of rice paddy areas.

Fauna The animals found in this area are highly mobile species that have already adapted to change in habitat e.g. from forest to home gardens. Among the animals reported in this Page 4 of 14 Feb 2006 Road Sector Assistance Project Ingiriya-Ratnapura A008 road section are monkey, wild bore, species of rats and squirrels. Bats are also found in all parts of this section. Lizards, many species of frogs and poisonous snakes are common in the area. The plantations are the main habitats of these species but they are also found in home hardens. Many varieties of indigenous bird species are also found in the district.

2.3 Project Related Environmental Issues

The key environmental issues observed along this road stretch that are of importance to this project, are related to land-use. Poor land use has contributed to many problems including flooding, linear ribbon development and congestion in towns and destruction of wetlands. Local drainage problems, apart from flooding due to river over flows, are present in all towns due to lack of adequate drainage facilities.

The area is predominantly rural as there are no extensive industrial operations other than rubber factories from which any industry based water pollution arises. Disposal of wastewater and sewage directly into drains in towns and natural waterways is common. Sand mining is also a major issue with environmental implications that extend well beyond water pollution.

Health problems related to poor sanitation facilities and mosquitoes are key issues and an important area of concern is the lack of facilities for the proper disposal of institutional and household solid waste, which has become a problem throughout the road section. As a result, populations of disease carrying animals and insects such as rats and flies proliferate. The accumulation of solid waste and garbage in towns is a particularly nuisance and which, in addition to polluting waterways and blocking drains, creates offensive odour problems and aesthetically unsightly dumps of solid waste along the road. Other than the black, noxious exhaust fumes emanating from badly maintained truck and bus diesel engines plying along the road, air pollution is not a critical issue.

Local communities have raised complaints regarding the poor conditions of the access roads used by rock and sand transportation which may be exacerbated during the project implementation phase and which needs to be properly addressed. Rock quarrying activities are subjected to specific environmental clearance which governs, among other things, the significant risks to people and houses in the vicinity of quarries, due to blasting activities. Another environmental issue related to mineral exploitation is the neglected rehabilitation of abandoned quarries leading to environmental problems, such as the risk of injury from falling down quarry faces, the attraction of abandoned quarries as waste dumps, changes to drainage paths which create pools of stagnant water that breeds mosquitoes and the negative aesthetic impact of a scar on an otherwise flora rich landscape.

2.4 Project activities

The project activities that cause the most environmental impact are as follows.

* Rock, aggregate and earth extraction either directly or from suppliers

Page 5 of 14 Feb 2006 Road Sector Assistance Project Ingiriya-Ratnapura A008 * Road construction operations * Rehabilitation of road structures (culverts, drains, etc) * Setting up and operation of crusher and asphalt mixing plants * Setting up of Contractors labour camps * Construction machinery repair and servicing depots * Improvements to the road alignment, removing accident black-spots etc. which may include some widening and removal of trees, etc).

2.4 Applicable regulations

The following regulations relate to Environmental issues:

1. Reduce, mitigate and control environmental impacts due to the project: National Environment Act (NEA):- Regulations administered by the CEA (Central Environmental Authority) aimed at maintaining the environmental quality of the affected areas. [This project does not require EIA/IEE submission for approval as it does not come under the category of prescribed project]. 2. Acquisition of land:- Land Acquisition Act;- The purpose of the act is acquisition of private lands for public works. Responsibility - Divisional Secretary 3. Involuntary Resettlement (if any):- GoSL Involuntary Resettlement Policy and Land Acquisition Act. Responsibility- the Ministry of Lands 4. Disposal of solid waste and spoil:-Municipal, Urban Council, and Pradesiya Sabah Ordinances and by laws of respective Local Authorities. The purpose is to manage the disposal of solid waste in environmentally acceptable manner. Responsibility - relevant LA. 5. Sand mining:-Geological Survey and Mining Bureau (GSMB)Act:- Project may not set up its own sand mines - All sand mines must have approval from the Geological Survey and Mining Bureau. 6. Rock quarrying:- (GSMB)Act - Project may not set up its own quarries - All metal quarries must have approval from the Geological Survey and Mining Bureau and environmental clearance from the CEA 7. Restrictions to vehicular traffic during construction - Motor Traffic Act - Disruption to vehicular traffic during construction - Responsibility - Local Police 8. Use of explosive for rock blasting - Storing and using of explosivesfor rock blasting purposes - Responsibility - Ministry of Defence and Police 9. Air pollution due to construction activities and asphalt plants - Environmental Protection Regulation under National Environment Act - Responsibility- the CEA. 10. Filling of paddy lands (if applicable) - Agrarian Services Act - to prevent unauthorized filling of prime paddy lands - Responsibility - the Agrarian Services Department.

2.5 Environmental impacts and Mitigation measures

The environmental impacts of this project are judged to be minimal. Key project related impacts and mitigation measures are listed below.

1. Removal of trees: - There are 93 trees in 3 meters band on both sides of the road. About 6 trees are located almost at the road edge and would definitely require Page 6 of 14 Feb 2006 Road Sector Assistance Project Ingiriya-Ratnapura A008 removal. The tree species are identified in the Environmental Features map. Trees along roads are highly desirable and it was revealed during community consultation that wherever possible, trees should be retained. Therefore it is proposed to include tree planting of appropriate species at suitable locations as a component of this rehabilitation work.

2. Blasting to remove boulders along roadside: - There are 49 boulders and 7 rock patches located along the road within 3 meters band on both side. Locations are marked in the environmental features map. Some may require removal through blasting. Blasting can cause injury to people and damage the structures/houses in the vicinity and at these locations can also cause damage to vehicles. Blasting should be controlled to prevent vibration damage to structures and injury to people. The vehicles and road users should be stopped at a reasonable distance from the site and people in the vicinity should be informed when the blasting is carried out. Any debris on the road should be removed promptly before clearing the road for users. Blasting work should be carried out in off peak hours but not during the hours of darkness or at other times which may cause unacceptable disturbance to religious or other ceremonies.

3. Use of sand:- Sand is excessively mined from riverbeds causing serious environmental damage including saltwater intrusion; collapse of riverbanks; deterioration of water quality; damage to hydraulic structures and the stability of bridge structures. The use of river sand in the proposed rehabilitation project would result in an increased demand for sand and would increase the sand prices. This will have a direct effect on general construction costs in particular house building. To mitigate these impacts wherever possible altermative fine aggregate materials should be used as an altermative to river sand.

4. Transport of sand:- Sand transport cause heavy damage to minor roads that provide access to mining sites. These are mostly gravel roads maintained by LAs. Obtain sand from selected suppliers/sites who are willing to maintain these roads in acceptable condition during the project period. Include rehabilitation of the access roads at the completion as a component of this project.

5. Operation of rock quarries:- Crushed and uncrushed rock should only be obtained from suppliers and sites where the environmental requirements in relation to their operation has been satisfactorily implemented. Quarries where disputes with the community are involved should be avoided. The maintenance and rehabilitation of the access roads in the event of damage by the contractor's operations should be addressed through the project.

6. Aggregate and earth borrow sources:- these materials should only be obtained from suppliers and sites where the environmental requirements in relation to their operation has been satisfactorily implemented. Sources where disputes with the community are involved should be avoided. The maintenance and rehabilitation of the access roads in the event of damage by the contractor's operations should be addressed through the project.

Page 7 of 14 Feb 2006 Road Sector Assistance Project Ingiriya-Ratnapura A008 7. Labour camps:- The labour camps can be an environmental hazard and a nuisance if they are not properly sited and hygienically maintained. The labour camps should not be established close to socially sensitive places such as close to schools, religious placers and environmentally sensitive places such as water bodies. All labour camps should be provided with proper sanitation, i.e. water supply and wastewater disposal including sewerage. Solid waste should be collected and regularly disposed of at municipal disposal sites.

8. Disposal of spoil:- Inappropriate disposal of spoil can result in environmental problems such as siltation of waterways and blocking of drainage paths, deterioration in water quality and unauthorized land-fill of wetlands. In general there is a high demand for such material however, care should be exercised to ensure it is not used in an unauthorized manner e.g. filling of wetlands. The contractor should maintain a stockpile spoil material at one or more suitable locations for release to those who need the material provided it can be assured it is for an environmentally acceptable purpose. Otherwise the contractor should dispose the spoil at a municipal dumpsite or other suitable site having the approval of Local Authority.

9. Construction noise:- There are 8 noise sensitive sites in close proximity to the road. In addition there are high density residential areas mainly Kiriella and Rathnapura town areas. Excessive noise is a public nuisance and will interfere with activities of hospitals, schools, religious places and sensitive institutions. All machinery and equipment should be well maintained and fitted with noise reduction devices in accordance with manufacturer's instructions. The operation of noisy machinery and equipment should be avoided during night and during noise sensitive times of the day.

10. Operational (ambient) traffic noise:- Noise level in highways are normally high in busy towns resulting from the passage of heavy traffic, the frequent stopping and starting of vehicles, and constant use of vehicles horn etc. These effects are unavoidable where ribbon development is the norm however they can be mitigated to some extent by traffic management, alignment improvement e.g. widening, removal of obstructions, adequate signing etc., and the enforcement of traffic regulations. (Note: baseline noise measurements have not been made in this study).

11. Construction machinery:- The oil and grease released at service and vehicle repair and maintenance shops commonly pollute water-bodies. In order to prevent this the contractor should ensure that all waste oil, grease etc from vehicle repair and service depots should be collected and properly disposed of. It is noted that waste oil has a value in the recycling market. The wastewater from these operations should be passed through a sedimentation basin to trap the silt and other deleterious products.

12. Asphalt plants:- Asphalt plants are major cause of air pollution and it is important not to site these units close to residential or other sensitive places. The siting of asphalt plants requires an Environmental Protection License (EPL), which imposes environmental conditions for the design and operation of the plant. Page 8 of 14 Feb 2006 Road Sector Assistance Project Ingiriya-Ratnapura A008

13. Construction traffic:- Construction traffic will be required to operate along the existing highway, increasing the traffic density and causing disruption to normal vehicles movement. in this road. For safety reasons and to minimise inconvenience to road users it is important adequate traffic control and signing is implemented where construction is taking place. Formal traffic management plans should be prepared to the satisfaction of the Engineer and in consultation with the local police. Trained people only should be used for traffic control operations.

14. Work on hydraulic structures and bridges:- The work involved with these structures can pollute water quality during construction activities temporarily affecting people using the stream or river for bathing and washing. The contractor should take appropriate measures, in consultation with the appropriate agency, to minimize water pollution particularly where water supply intakes are within the influence of the works.

2.7 Environmental Management Plan

Compliance with environmental mitigation recommendations. Action Implementing Monitoring responsibility responsibility Planting of trees - The planting of selected trees species at specified locations can be Local Authority RDA entrusted to LAs or to local NGOs with NGO financial support from the project Precautionary measures for blasting work Contractor Consultant/"Engineer Alternative materials for sand consultants RDA Selection of suppliers based on compliance withwit environmentaleniomnalsfgad safeguards Contractor Consultant/"Engineer Proper maintenance of minor roads used Contractor Consultant/"Engineer for transport of material Final rehabilitation of minor roads used for Contractor Consultant/"Engineer transport of material Siting of labour camps and their Contractor Consultant/"Engineer maintenance Disposal of spoil Contractor Consultant/"Engineer Measures on controlling construction noise Contractor Consultant/"Engineer Measures against controlling operation noise-nos Design consultant RDA / Police Prevention of pollution from construction Contractor Consultant/"Engineer machinery servicing and repair station Prevention of pollution from asphalt plants Contractor CEA/LA Control of traffic during construction Contractor /Consultant/"Engineer

Page 9 of 14 Feb 2006 Road Sector Assistance Project Ingiriya-Ratnapura A008 Measures on prevention of water quality deterioration due to rehabilitation of Contractor Consultant/"Engineer hydraulic structures and bridges Effect monitoring Implementing Monitoring Effect responsibility responsibility Success of the tree plantation Local Authority/ RDA NGO Adverse situations cause by extraction of RDA CEA sand Air pollution due to asphalt plants RDA CEA

2.8 Environmental Management Action Plan

An Environmental Management Action Plan (EMAP) has been developed for inclusion in the contract documents for the information and guidance of the Contractor in complying with the appropriate environmental regulations during his pre-construction, construction and post- construction operations. The EMAP is presented in annexure I. The last column of the EMAP the "Specific Location of Application" describes the environmental features, their locations and their extents, relevant to each clause of EMAP. When environmental features are located a band of 3m from the road pavement edge has been considered. These environmental features, which are located/marked on a map which is called "environmental features map" is presented in the annexure II.

Chapter 3 Social Aspects

3.1 Collection of data

Socio-economic data has been collected for the entire length of the project road, in relation to properties located within ROW and those within the immediate vicinity of the road, i.e., approximately 30 meters on both sides of the road, that may be affected due to road improvement. The socio-economic environment data for the area of influence of the road, obtained from the Department of Census and Statistics was analyzed to provide the basis of the study.

3.2 Assumption made in interpreting data/information:

* The road will not be widened significantly under the proposed project and therefore, there will not be any significant resettlement of communities living close to the road.

Page 10 of 14 Feb 2006 Road Sector Assistance Project Ingiriya-Ratnapura A008 * Fences, boundary walls and other such features constructed within ROW will present obstacles where localized widening is require and their removal will therefore be necessary. * The general population and public institutions e.g. schools, hospitals religious and cultural institutions etc located in project influence area (PIA) will benefit from the proposed improvements to the road service level. * The respective District Secretaries (DS) administrative divisions, through which the road runs, are considered as areas of project influence therefore, data on population and public institutions within these areas has been analysed and used as the basis of the study. * About 50% of Kalutara District and 80% of Ratnapura district will be influenced to some degree due to the proposed improvement of the road. Therefore, information on socio-economic properties in the road influence areas of these two districts has been used to assess the likelihood project impact.

3.3 Potential Impacts

3.3.1 Beneficial Impacts

The Ingiriya-Ratnapura road traverses both the Kiriella and Ratnapura DS areas of which the combined population is about 145,000. It can reasonably be assumed therefore that this number of people would derive some form of benefits from the project. i.e. there are large numbers of various socio-economic institutions located within the PIA as shown in Table 3.1 below, who will use and will need to reach these institutes for various purposes.

Table 3.1- Beneficiary Population and Institutions in PIA of Project Road

Social Collective Non- Feature Population Houses Residential Intuitions Housing Buildings Units Total 145024 40898 194 196 4899 number Number 4265 1203 6 6 144 /k m I _ _ _ _ I_ _ I__ _ _ _ I__ _ _ I___ _ _ Source- Department of census and statistics-2001

More immiediately, the institutions and population centres listed below and which are within or adjacent to the project corridor will benefit directly from improved access: * 6 no Religious places * 20 no. Business places ( markets and shopping complexes and urban centers etc) * 7no. Public institutes such as hospitals, schools etc. * 4 no. Cemeteries and other locations in common use

Page 11 of 14 Feb 2006 Road Sector Assistance Project Ingiriya-Ratnapura A008 3.3.2 Negative Impacts

Structures within a band of 3m from the road pavement edge have been observed at various points along the road as detailed below in the table 3.2. In the event that widening is strictly required for visibility and horizontal road alignment improvement, some of these properties have to be removed during the construction phase.

Table 3.2 Location of the property - Side Nature of the property Number of properties Chainage 67.05 RHS Boundary wall 1 67.05 RHS Boundary wall 1 66.95 LHS Boundary wall 1 66.85 LHS Boundary wall 1 66.35 LHS Boundary wall 1 66.15 RHS Boundary wall 1 66.15 RHS Boundary wall 1 66.15 RHS Boundary wall 1 66.15 RHS Boundary wall 2 66.15 LHS Boundary wall 1 66.15 LHS Boundary wall 1 66.15 RHS Part of permanent house 1 65.55 LHS Part of permanent house 1 65.05 RHS Boundary wall 1 64.45 LHS Boundary wall 1 64.45 LHS Boundary wall 1 64.45 RHS Boundary wall 1 64.45 RHS Boundary wall 1 63.95 LHS Part of house 1 63.95 RHS Boundary wall 1 63.95 RHS Boundary wall 1 63.95 RHS Boundary wall 1 63.95 RHS Part of permanent shop 1 63.95 RHS Part of permanent shop 1 63.95 RHS Part of house 1 63.95 RHS Part of permanent shop 1 63.95 RHS Part of permanent shop 1 63.95 RHS Part of permanent shop 1 63.65 LHS Boundary wall 1 63.65 LHS Boundary wall 1 63.65 LHS Part of house 1 63.75 LHS Boundary wall 1 63.35 LHS Part of house 1 63.25 LHS Temporary shop 1 62.75 RHS Boundary wall 1 62.35 LHS Boundary wall 1

Page 12 of 14 Feb 2006 Road Sector Assistance Project Ingiriya-Ratnapura A008 62.35 LHS Permanent shop 1 62.25 LHS Part of house 1 62.15 LHS Boundary wall 1 62.15 LHS Boundary wall 1 62.15 LHS Boundary wall 2 61.85 LHS Boundary wall 1 61.85 LHS Boundary wall 1 60.95 LHS Boundary wall 1 60.95 LHS Boundary wall 1 60.85 RHS Boundary wall 1 60.75 LHS Boundary wall 1 59.85 RHS Boundary wall 1 59.85 RHS Boundary wall 1 58.65 LHS Part of permanent shop 1 58.45 LHS Part of permanent shop 1 58.45 LHS Part of permanent shop 1 54.75 RHS Boundary wall 1 52.35 LHS Temporary shop 1 50.65 LHS Temporary shop 1 50.65 LHS Temporary shop 1 49.55 LHS Boundary wall 1 49.55 RHS Boundary wall 1 48.15 RHS Boundary wall 1 48.15 RHS Boundary wall 1 48.15 RHS Boundary wall 1 47.75 LHS Temporary Shop 1 46.55 LHS Temporary Shop 1 41.85 LHS Part of permanent shop 1 39.65 LHS Boundary wall 1 39.25 LHS Permanent shop 1 39.25 LHS House 1 38.75 RHS Permanent shop 1 Total 70

3.3.3 Mitigation of Negative Impacts

In accordance with of the law the RDA have authority to remove establishments constructed within ROW without paying any compensation. However, a policy decision has been taken to pay compensation in respect of demolition and relocation of these features in accordance with the World Bank's 'Involuntary Resettlement' guidelines and National Involuntary Resettlement policy. The estimated cost of which, if all were to be removed, is approximately R s 4,278,000. However, as the proposed project is not intended to extend the existing road width, except for localized improvements, only some of these properties may be affected by construction activities and require removal.

Page 13 of 14 Feb 2006 Road Sector Assistance Project Ingiriya-Ratnapura A008 It is ensured that all affectees and affected assets will be clearly identified and compensated in accordance with the Social Impact Management Framework (SMIF) prior to commencement of any physical activity of the project. The SMIF is presented in the annexure III.

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Environmental Mana2ement Action Plan (EMAP)

The Environmental Management Action Plan (EMAP) forms part of the Bid Documents and will be considered alongside the specifications. Thereby the prescriptions detailed in the EMAP are mandatory in nature and also contractually binding. The EMAP will also equally applicable to sub-contractors including nominated sub-contractors if any. The main contractor will be responsible for the compliance with the requirements of the EMAP by sub-contractors including nominated sub-contractors. With the assistance of the Construction Supervision Consultant the "Engineer" on behalf of the Employer the Road Development Authority (RDA) will monitor the compliance of EMAP by the contractor.

The EMAP identifies the locations where the EMAP Clauses are particularly applicable. It is necessary that the contractor refers to the Environmental Features Map (Annexure 11)prepared alongside the EMAP. This Environmental Features Map provides the location information of the referenced or affected roadside environmental the road trace. features in relation to

1 Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor 1. Earthwork and Soil Conservation 1.1 Disposal of Debris and Spoil Specific Location of Application (a) All debris and residual spoil material including any left earth shall be disposed only at For all disposal sites through out locations approved by the engineer for such purpose and subjected to the Clauses l.l.b the road secton (& project) andI.lI.c. tera eto &poet (b) If directed by the Engineer the contractor shall obtain the approval form the relevant -do- Local Authority for disposal of debris and spoil at the specified location. (c) The debris and spoil shall be disposed in such a manner that (i) waterways and drainage -do-; the flooding stretches are paths are not blocked, (ii) the disposed material should not be washed away by floods 34.0-35.3; 36.4-36.7; 40.5-41.0; and (iii) should not be a nuisance to the public. 53.3-53.6; 64.3-67.6 kilometres (d) If directed by the Engineer the debris and residual spoil material including any left earth shall be used, to fill the borrow areas as directed by the Engineer, subject to laying of -do- topsoil as per EMAP Clause 1.2. (e) If consented by the Engineer contractor can dispose the debris and spoil as a filling material provided that the contractor can ensure that such material is used for legally -do- acceptable purposes with disposed in an environmentally acceptable manner. 1.2 Conservation and Reuse of Top Soil (a) Topsoil of the agricultural areas and any other productive areas where it has to be removed for the purpose of this project shall be stripped to a specified depth of 150mm and stored in stockpiles of height not exceeding 2m, if directed by the Engineer. If the Appicable through out the road contractor is in any doubt on whether to conserve the topsoil or not for any given area he section ( project) shall obtain the direction from the Engineer in writing. (b) Such stockpiled topsoil must be retumed to cover the areas including cut slopes where the -do- the flooding stretches are topsoil has been removed due to project activities. Residual topsoil must be distributed on 34.0-35.3; 36.4-36.7; 40.5-41.0; adjoining/proximate barren areas as identified by the Engineer in a layer of thickness of 53.3-53.6; 64.3-67.6 kilometres

_____ 75mm - 150mm. Stockpiles should be placed outside flood affected areas. (c) Topsoil thus stockpiled for reuse shall not be surcharged or overburdened. As far as possible -do- multiple handling of topsoil stockpiles should be kept to a minimum.

1.3 Protection of Ground Cover and Vegetation |(a) |Construction vehicle, machinery and equipment shall be used and stationed only in the Applicable through out the road lareas l of |work and in any other designated areas by the Engineer. | section (2& project)

2 Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken Bv The Contractor (b) Contractor shall provide necessary instructions to drivers and operators not to destroy -do- ground vegetation cover unnecessarily.

1.4 Borrowing of Earth (a) Borrowing within the RoW is prohibited-under this contract. However, earth available Applicable through out the road from excavation for roadside drains as per design, may be used as embankment material, section (& project) subject to approval of the Engineer. (b) Contractor shall comply with the environmental requirements/guidelines issued by the -do- Central Environmental Authority (CEA) and the respective Local Authority in respect of locating borrow areas and with regard to all operations related with excavation and transportation of earth from such sites. (c) All borrow pits/areas shall be rehabilitated at the end of their use by the contractor in -do- accordance with the requirements/guidelines issued by the Central Environmental Authority (CEA) and the respective Local Authority. (d) Borrow areas shall not be opened without the permission of the Engineer. The location, -do- depth of excavation and the extent of the pit or open cut area shall be as approved by the Engineer. (e) Establishment of borrow pits/areas and its operational activities shall not endanger the -do- properties. Also shall not be a danger or health hazard to the people.

1.5 Safety against Soil Failures (a) Contractor shall take all steps necessary to ensure the stability of slopes including those Applicable through out the road related to temporary works and borrow pits. section (& project);

Take note of areas where high erosion was observed; 36.1-36.3; 36.4; 37.7; 37.05; 37.45; 37.5- 37.8; 38.1; 42.8-43.0; 50.3-50.4; 58.75 kilometres;

Take note of areas where roadside mining is taking place; 36.15; 40.75; 64.4-64.6; kilometres;

Refer to the environmental features map for details on side where the erosion was observed.

3 Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor (b) If the area is classified as an area prone to soil failures / land slides by the National Applicable through out the road Building Research Organization (NBRO) contractor shall seek their advice prior to section (& project); engage in deep excavations for earth extraction or any other construction purpose. The NBRO recommendations shall be submitted to the Engineer. 1.6 Prevention of Soil Erosion (a) Embankment slopes, slopes of cuts, etc. shall not be unduly exposed to erosive forces. Applicable through out the road These exposed slopes shall be graded and covered by grass as per the specifications. section; Take note of areas where high erosion was observed; 36.1- 36.3; 36.4; 37.7; 37.05; 37.45; 37.5-37.8; 38.1; 42.8-43.0; 50.3- 50.4; 58.75 kilometres;

Refer to the environmental features map for details on side where the erosion was observed. (b) Work that lead to heavy erosion shall be avoided during the raining season. If such -do- activities need to be continued during rainy season prior approval must be obtained from the Engineer by submitting a proposal on actions that will be undertaken by the contractor to prevent erosion.

4 Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor (c) The work, permanent or temporary shall consist of measures as per design or as directed -do- by the Engineer to control soil erosion, sedimentation and water pollution to the satisfaction of the Engineer. Typical measures include the use of berms, dikes, sediment basins, fibre mats, mulches, grasses, slope drains and other devices. All sedimentation and pollution control works and maintenance thereof are deemed, as incidental to the earthwork or other items of work and no separate payment will be made for their implementation. Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor 1.7 Contamination of Soil by Fuel and Lubricants (a) Vehicle/machinery and equipment serving and maintenance work shall be carried out only Applicable through out the road in designated locations/service stations approved by the Engineer. Avoid sensitive section (& project); location such as close to streams/rivers; just upstream of wells and springs used by community and areas of flooding. Important river/stream locations: (C-Culvert; B-Bridge) C35/5; C36/3; B37/5; C38/1; C38/2; B38/8; B44/5; B45/3; C45/7; B46/2; B47/3; B48/4; B48/5; B49/6; B51/8; C53/1; B64/5;

Stretches where rivers/streams go parallel close to the road 34.85 - 39.05; 36.1-36.6; 38.2-38.9; 43.5-43.6; 51.5-51.6; 51.9-52.0; 64.4-67.6 kilometres

Wells and springs and other public water sources locations; 35.1; 35.45; 38.5; 39.95; 41.7; 42.0; 43.9; 44.5; 47.05; 50.9; 53.1; 57.4; 60.0; 67.8 kilometres

Flooding stretches are 34.0-35.3; 36.4-36.7; 40.5-41.0; 53.3-53.6; 64.3-67.6 kilometres (b) Waste oil, other petroleum products and untreated wastewater shall not be discharged on Applicable through out the road ground so that it causes soil pollution. Adequate measures shall be taken against pollution section (& project); of soil by spillage of petroleum/oil products from storage tanks and containers. All waste petroleum products shall be disposed of in accordance with the guidelines issued by the CEA or the engineer. (c) Sites used for vehicle and plant service and maintenance shall be restored back to its -do- initial status. Site restoration will be considered as incidental to work.

6 Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor 1.8 Disposal of Harmful Construction Wastes (a) Contractor prior to the commencement of work shall provide list of harmful, hazardous Applicable through out the road and risky chemicals/material that will bc used in the project work to the Engineer. section (project); Contractor shall also provide the list of places where such chemicals/materials or their containers or other harmful materials have been dumped as waste at the end of the project. (b) New disposal sites shall not be created as part of this project. Disposal of such waste -do- shall be to the sites designated by the CEA or the Engineer. (c) The contractor shall clean up any area including water-bodies affected/contaminated (if -do- I any) as directed by the Engineer at his own cost. 1.9 Quarry Operations (a) Rock quarries from where metal aggregate is obtained shall have approval from the Applicable through out the road Geological Survey and Mines Bureau as well as the current Environmental Protection section (project); Licence. It is recommended not to sought material from quarries that have on-going disputes with community. (b) The maintenance and rehabilitation of the access roads in the event of damage by the -do- contractor's operations shall be a responsibility of the contractor. 2. Water - Protection of Water Sources and Quality 2.1 Loss of Minor Water Sources and Disruption to Water Users (a) Contractor shall protect sources of water (potable or otherwise) such as wells, springs Applicable through out the road used by the community so that continued use these water sources will not be disrupted by section (& project): the work. In case the closer of such sources is required on permanent or temporary basis Wells and springs and other contractor shall provide alternative arrangement for supply. Alternative sources such as public water sources locations; wells thus provided should be within acceptable distance to the original sources and 35.1; 35.45; 38.5; 39.95; 41.7; accessible to the affected community. 42.0; 43.9; 44.5; 47.05; 50.9; 53.1; 57.4; 60.0; 67.8 kilometres (b) Contractor shall not divert, close or block existing canals and streams in a manner that Applicable through out the road adversely affect down-stream intake(s). If diversion or closure or blocking of canals and section (& project); streams is required for the execution of work, contractor must first obtain the Engineers All culvers and bridges approval in writing. Contractor shall also obtain the approval from the National Water Stretches where streams go Supply and Drainage Board or Local Authority or Divisional Secretary depending on the parallel & close to the road 34.85 operating agency of the intake/water supply. Contractors shall restore the drainage path -39.05; 36.1-36.6; 43.5-43.6; back to its original status once the need for such diversion or closure or blockage ceased 51.5-51.6; 51.9-52.0; kilometres to exist. During the affected period contractor shall supply water to the affected community. (c) In case the contractors activities going to adversely affect the quantity or quality of water, -do- the Contractor shall serve notice to the relevant authorities and downstream users of water sufficiently in advance.

7 Environmental Issues | Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor

2.2 Siltation into Water Bodies (a) Contractor shall take measures necessary to prevent siltation of water bodies as a result of Applicable through out the road his work including construction of temporary/permanent devices to prevent water section (& project); pollution due to siltation and increase of turbidity. These shall include the measures against erosion as per EMAP Clause 1.6. (b) Construction materials containing small/fine particles shall be stored in places not Flooding stretches are 34.0-35.3; subjected to flooding and in such a manner that these materials will not be washed away 36.4-36.7; 40.5-41.0; 53.3-53.6; by runoff. 64.3-67.6 kilometres

2.3 Alteration of drainage paths (a) Contractor shall not close or block existing canals and streams permanently. If diversion All culvert and bridge locations. or closure or blocking of canals and streams is required for the execution of work, contractor must first obtain the Engineers approval in writting. Contractor shall carry out Stretches where streams go an investigation and report to the Engineer, if an investigation is requested by the parallel & close to the road 34.85 Engineer. Contractor shall also obtain the approval from the relevant agency such as -39.05; 36.1-3 6.6; 43.5-43.6; Irrigation Department/Agrarian Services Department/Divisional Secretary prior to such 51.5-51.6; 51.9-52.0; kilometres action is taken. Contractors shall restore the drainage path back to its original status once the need for such diversion or closure or blockage is no longer required. (b) The debris and spoil shall be disposed in such a manner that waterways and drainage Applicable through out the road paths are not blocked. section (& project);

2.4 Contamination of Water from Construction Wastes (a) The work shall be carried out in such a manner that pollution of natural watercourses, Applicable through out the road ponds, tanks and reservoirs is avoided. Measures shall be taken to prevent the wastewater section (& project); produced in construction from entering directly into streams, water bodies or the irrigation systems. (b) Construction work close to the streams or water bodies shall be avoided during heavy All culvert and bridge locations rainy/monsoon periods. Stretches where rivers/streams go parallel & close to the road 34.85 -39.05; 36.1-36.6; 38.2-38.9; 43.5-43.6; 51.5-51.6; 51.9-52.0; 64.4-67.6 kilometres

(c) The discharge standards promulgated under the National Environmental Act shall be Applicable through out the road strictly adhered to. All waste arising from the project is to be disposed in a manner that is section (& project); .______acceptable to the Engineer and as per the guidelines/instructions issued by the CEA.

8 Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor 2.9 Contamination from Fuel and Lubricants (a) All vehicle and plant maintenance and servicing stations shall be located and operated as Applicable through out the road per the conditions and/or guidelines issued by the Central Environmental Authority. In section; general these should be located away from water-bodies and wastewater shall not be Locations of water-bodies as disposed without meeting the disposal standards of the CEA. Wastewater from vehicle Clause 1.7 (a) and plant maintenance and servicing stations shall be removed of oil and grease and other contaminants to meet the relevant standards before discharging to the environment. (b) Vehicle, machinery & equipment maintenance and re-fuelling shall be done as required in Applicable through out the road EMAP clause 1.7 to prevent water pollution as well. section (& project);

2.10 Locating, sanitation and waste disposal in construction camps (a) Sitting of labour camps shall have the Engineers approval and comply with Applicable through out the road guidelines/recommendations issued by the CEA/LA. Construction labourers' camps shall section ( & project); not be located within 200m from waterways, within an area coming under DWLC or DoF, Important river/stream locations: near to a site or premises of religious, cultural or archaeological importance and schools. (C-Culvert; B-Bridge) C35/5; C36/3; B37/5; C38/1; C38/2; B38/8; B44/5; B45/3; C45/7; B46/2; B47/3; B48/4; B48/5; B49/6; B51/8; C53/1; B64/5; Stretches where rivers/streams go parallel & close to the road 34.85 -39.05; 36.1-36.6; 38.2-38.9; 43.5-43.6; 51.5-51.6; 51.9-52.0; 64.4-67.6 kilometres Flooding stretches are 34.0-35.3; 36.4-36.7; 40.541.0; 53.3-53.6; 64.3-67.6 kilometres Sensitive sites; Religious, cultural, schools, institutions etc.- 38.7; 39.25; 43.9; 44.5; 49.9; 57.75; 58.1; 60.4; Kiriella and Rathnapura town areas

9 Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor (b) Labour camps shall be provided with adequate and appropriate facilities for disposal of Applicable through out the road sewerage and solid waste. The sewage systems shall be properly designed, built and section ( & project); operated so that no pollution to ground or adjacent water bodies/watercourses takes place. Garbage bins shall be provided in the camps and regularly emptied. Garbage should be disposed off in a hygienic manner, to the satisfaction of the relevant norms. Compliance with the relevant regulations and guidelines issued by the CEA/LA shall be strictly adhered to. (c) Contractor shall ensure that all camps are kept clean and hygienic. Necessary measures -do- shall be taken to prevent breeding of wectors. (d) Contractor shall report any outbreak of infectious disease of importance in a labour camp -do- to the Engineer and the Medical Officer of Health (MOH) or to the Public Health Inspector (PHI) of the area immediately. Contractor shall carry out all instructions issued bv the authorities, if any. (e) Contractor shall adhere to the CEA recommendations on disposal of wastewater. -do- Wastewater shall not be discharge to ground or waterways in a manner that will cause unacceptable surface or ground water pollution. (f) All relevant provisions of the Factories Act and any other relevant regulations aimed at safety -do- and health of workers shall be adhered to. (g) Contractor shall remove the labour camps fully after its need is over, empty septic tanks, -do- if instructed by the engineer shall be closed, remove all garbage, debris and clean and restore the area back to its former condition. 2.11 Wastage of Water and Waste Minimization (a) The contractor shall minimize wastage of water in the construction process/operations. Applicable through out the road section (& project); (b) The contractor shall educate and made employees aware on water conservation, waste -do- minimization and safe disposal of waste. 2.12 Extraction of Water (a) The Contractor is responsible for arranging adequate supply of water for the project purpose Applicable through out the road throughout the construction period. Contractor shall not obtain water for his purposes including section (& project); for labour camps from public or community water supplies without approval from the relevant _____ authority. (b) Extraction of water by the Contractor for the project purposes shall comply with the guidelines -do- and instructions issued by the CEA. The Contractor shall not extract water from groundwater or from surface water-bodies without permission from the Engineer. If directed by the Engineer contractor must obtain approval from relevant agency for extraction of water prior to the commencement of the project.

10 Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor (c) Construction over and close to the non-perennial streams shall be undertaken in the dry Applicable through out the road session. Construction over the irrigation canals, if disruption to the flow, quality of water section (& project); and impact on the irrigation structure is expected (or probable in the view of the Important river/stream locations: Engineer), will be undertaken under necessary permission from the Departmcnt of (C-Culvert; B-Bridge) C35/5; Irrigation. C36/3; B37/5; C38/1; C38/2; B38/8; B44/5; B45/3; C45/7; B46/2; B47/3; B48/4; B48/5; B49/6; B51/8; C53/1; B64/5;

(e) The Contractor may use the natural sources of water subject to the provision that any Applicable through out the road claim arising out of conflicts with other users of the said natural sources of water shall be section (& project); made good entirely by the contractor. 3. Flood Prevention 3.1 Blockage of drainage paths and drains (a) Contractor's activities shall not lead to flooding conditions as a result of blocked Applicable through out the road drainage paths and drains. The contractor shall take all measures necessary or as directed section (& project); by the Engineer to keep all drainage paths and drains clear of blockage at all times. (b) If flooding or stagnation of water is caused by contractor's activities, contractors shall -do- provide suitable means to (a) prevent loss of access to any land or property and (b) prevent damage to land and property. Contractor shall compensate for any loss of income or damage as a result. 3.2 Work in Flood Prone Areas (a) Contractor's activities shall not lead to aggravate floods in flood prone areas when Flooding stretches are 34.0-35.3; working in flood prone areas. 36.4-36.7; 40.5-41.0; 53.3-53.6; 64.3-67.6 kilometres

(b) When working in flood prone areas during rainy season the contractor shall avoid storing -do- materials, chemicals and other items of work in areas where those can be washed away by the floods. Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor 4. Air PoOution 4.1 Generation of Dust road (a) The contractor shall effectively manage the dust generating activities such as topsoil Applicable through out the removal during periods of high winds or during more stable conditions with winds section (& project); directed towards adjacent residences and other facilities (b) All stockpiles shall be located sufficiently away from sensitive receptors Sensitive sites; Religious, cultural, schools, institutions etc.- 38.7; 39.25; 43.9; 44.5; 49.9; 57.75; 58.1; 60.4; Kiriella and Rathnapura town areas

(c) All vehicles delivering materials shall be covered to avoid spillage and dust emission. Applicable through out the road section (& project);

(d) The contractor shall avoid, where possible and take suitable action to prevent dirt and -do- mud being carried to the roads (particularly following wet weather); (e) The contractor shall enforce vehicle speed limits to minimise dust generation -do- (f) The contractor shall employ a water truck for dust suppression on all exposed areas as -do- required (note: the use of waste water / waste oil for dust suppression is prohibited); (g) All cleared areas shall be rehabilitated progressively. -do- (h) All earthwork shall be protected in a manner acceptable to the to minimise generation of -do- dust. (i) All existing highways and roads used by vehicles of the contractor, or any of his sub- -do- contractor or supplies of materials or plant and similarly roads which are part of the works shall be kept clean and clear of all dust/mud or other extraneous materials dropped by such vehicles or their tyres. (j) Clearance shall be effected immediately by manual sweeping and removal of debris, or, if -do- so directed by the Engineer, by mechanical sweeping and clearing equipment, and all dust, mud and other debris shall be removed satisfactorily. Additionally, if so directed by the Engineer, the road surfaces shall be hosed or watered using appropriate equipments. (k) Plants, machinery and equipment shall be so handled (including dismantling) so as to -do- minimise generation of dust. (I) The Contractor shall take every precaution to reduce the level of dust emission from the -do- hot mix plants and the batching plants up to the satisfaction of the Engineer in accordance with the relevant emission norms.

12 Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor (in) The hot mix plant be sited in accordance with CEA guidelines and operated with an EPL -do- and subjected to meeting the conditions stated in the EPL. The hot mix plants shall be fitted with dust extraction units in order that the exhausts comply with the requirements of the relevant current emission control legislation. 4.2 Emission from Hot-Mix Plants and Batching Plants (a) The hot mix plants and batching plants shall be sited in accordance with CEA guidelines. Sensitive sites; Religious, It is recommended that hot mix plants and batching plants to be located sufficiently away cultural, schools, institutions from sensitive receptors such as vulnerable habitats, religious, cultural and archaeological etc.- 38.7; 39.25; 43.9; 44.5; sites, residential areas, schools and industrial areas. 49.9; 57.75; 58.1; 60.4; Kiriella and Rathnapura town areas

(b) The exhaust gases shall comply with the requirements of the relevant current emission control Applicable through out the road legislation. All operations at plants shall be undertaken in accordance with all current rules and section (& project); regulatons protecting the environment as well as the conditions given in the EPL.

4.3 Odour and offensive smells (a) Contractor shall take all precautions to prevent odour and offensive smell emanating from Applicable through out the road chemicals and processes applied in construction works or from labour camps. In a section (& project); situation when/where odour or offensive smell does occur contractor shall take immediate action to rectify the situation. Contractor is responsible for any compensation involved with any health issue arisen out of bad odour and offensive smells. (b) The waste disposal and sewerage treatment system for the labour camps shall be properly -do- designed, built and operated so that no odour is generated. Compliance with the regulations on health and safety as well as CEA guidelines shall be strictly adhered to. 4.4 Emission from Construction Vehicles, Equipment and machinery (a) The emission standards promulgated under the National Environment Act shall be stnctly Applicable through out the road adhered to. section (& project);

(b) All vehicles, equipment and machinery used for construction shall be regularly serviced -do- and well maintained to ensure that emission levels comply with the relevant standards.

13 Contractor Environmental Issues I Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The 4.5 Air Pollution from Crusher out the road (a) All crushers used in construction shall confirm to relevant dust emissions levels as stated Applicable through in the EPL. Only the quarries approved by GSMB and holding current EPL shall be used. section (& project);

through out the road (b) Crushing plants shall be sited sufficiently away from sensitive receptors such as houses, Applicable schools, hospitals, temples, shrines and outdoor recreation areas or as required by the section (& project); Avoid engineer. sensitive sites and high density areas Sensitive sites; Religious, cultural, schools, institutions etc.- 38.7; 39.25; 43.9; 44.5; 49.9; 57.75; 58.1; 60.4; There are high- density areas such as towns along the road. out the road (c) Sprinkler system for dust suppression shall be installed. Applicable through section (& project);

5. Noise Pollution and Vibration 5.1 Noise from Vehicles, Plants and Equipment. out the road (a) All machinery and equipment should be well maintained and fitted with noise reduction Applicable through devices in accordance with manufacturer's instructions. section (& project);

Religious, (b) In construction sites within 150 m of the nearest habitation, noisy construction work such Sensitive sites; as crushing, concrete mixing and batching, mechanical compaction, etc., will be stopped cultural, schools, institutions between 2000 hours to 0600 hours. In silence zone (areas up to 100 m around such etc.- 38.7; 39.25; 43.9; 44.5; premises as hospitals, educational institutional and courts) no hot-mix, batching or 49.9; 57.75; 58.1; 60.4; aggregate crushing plant will be allowed. No construction shall take place within 100m around hospitals between 2000 hours to 0600 hours. Near noise sensitive sites, such as hospitals, educational institutional and courts noisy equipment shall not be used during noise sensitive times of the day. out the road (b) All vehicles and equipment used in construction shall be fitted with exhaust silences. Applicable through During routine servicing operations, the effectiveness of exhaust silencers shall be section (& project); checked and if found to be defectve shall be replaced. Notwithstanding any other conditions of contract, noise level from any item of plant(s) must comply with *he relevant legislation for levels of sound emission. Non-compliant plant shall be removed from site.

14 Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor (c) Noise limits for construction equipment used in this project (measured at one meter from -do- the edge of the equipment in free field) such as compactors, rollers, front loaders, concrete ______mixers, cranes (moveable), vibrators and saws shall not exceed 75 dB(A). (d) Maintenance of vehicles, equipment and machinery shall be regular and proper, to the Applicable through out the road satisfaction of the Engineer, to keep noise from these at a minimum. section (& project);

(e) Workers in vicinity of strong noise, and workers working with or in crushing, -do- compaction, batching or concrete mixing operations shall be provided with protective ______gear. 5.2 Vibration (a) Contractor shall take appropriate action to ensure that construction works do not result in Applicable through out the road damage to adjacent properties due to vibration. section (& project)

(b) Prior to commencement of any activity, the Contractor shall undertake a condition survey -do- of existing structures within the zone of influence, as agreed with the relevant government ______agencies and the engineer. (c) Contractor shall carTy out monitoring at the nearest vibration sensitive receptor during -do- blasting or when other equipments causing vibration are used. (d) The contractor shall modify the method of construction until compliance with the criteria, -do- if vibration levels exceed the relevant vibration ctiteria. (f) Contractor shall pay due consideration on vibration impacts of blasting on adjoining -do- structures. Explosive loads shall be determined so that excessive vibration can be avoided and blasts shall be controlled blasting in nature. Notwithstanding to these provisions contractor is liable for any damage caused by blasting work. 5.2 Noise from Blasting or Pre splitting Operations. (a) Blasting shall be carried out only with permission of the Engineer. All the statutory laws, Applicable through out the road regulators, rules, etc., pertaining to acquisition, transport, storage, handling and use of section (& project); ______explosives shall be strictly followed.

15 Contractor Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The (b) Blasting shall be carried out during fixed hours (preferably during mid-day), as permitted -do- by the Engineer. The timing should be made known to all the people within SOOm(200m Altogether 49 boulders and 7 for pre-splitting) from the blasting site in all directions. People, except those who actually rock patches that are located light the fuse shall be excluded from the area of 200m (50m for pre-splitting) from the close to the road edge have been blasting site in all directions at least lOm minutes before the blasting. identified and marked on the environmental features map. Sensitive sites; Religious, cultural, schools, institutions etc.- 38.7; 39.25; 43.9; 44.5; 49.9; 57.75; 58.1; 60.4;

6. Impact on Flora 6.1 Loss or Damage to Trees and Vegetation road (a) All works shall be carried out in a manner that the destruction to the flora and their Applicable through out the habitats is minimised. Trees and vegetation shall be felled / removed only if that impinge section (& project); timber directly on the permanent works or necessary temporary works. In all such cases Altogether 93 trees of contractor shall take prior approval from the Engineer. value/fruit species/use and 3 stretches with number of trees of about lOOm in length are identified within 3m from the both sides of the road edge. There locations are marked in the environmental features map.

of religious (b) Contractor shall make every effort to avoid removal and/or destruction of trees of Three trees from the religious, cultural and aesthetic significance. If such action is unavoidable the Engineer importance within 3m 49.8; shall be informed in advance and carry out public consultation and report on the same road edge at 38.95; 48.65; should be submitted to the Engineer. kilometres out the road (c) Contractor shall adhere to the guidelines and recommendations made by the Central Applicable through Environmental Authority, if any with regard to felling of trees and removal of vegetation. section (& project);

(d) if the trees and vegetations that require removal is in a forest plantation or nataral forest Not applicable under the jurisdiction of the Department of Forest, the contractor shall take prior approval form the DoF for such removal and adhere to conditions /guidelines imposed by the DoF ______if any.

16 Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor (e) If the trees and vegetations that require removal is in a sanctuary, nature reserve, national Not applicablc park or protected area under jurisdiction of the Department of Wildlife Conservation, the contractor shall take prior approval form the DWLC for such removal and adhere to _____ conditions /guidelines imposed by the DWLC if any. 6.2 Chance found important Flora (a) During construction, if a rare/threatened/endangered flora species is found, it shall be Applicable through out the road immediately informed to the Engineer. All activities that could destroy such flora and/or section (& project); its habitat shall be stopped with immediate effect. Such activities shall be started only after obtaining the Engineer's approval. Contractor shall carry out all activities and plans that the Engineer instructed him to undertake to conserve such flora and/or its habitat.

7. Impact on Fauna 7.1 Loss, Damage or Disruption to Fauna (a) All works shall be carried out in such a manner that the destruction or disruption to the Applicable through out the road fauna and their habitats is minimum. section (& project);

(b) Construction workers shall be instructed to protect fauna including wild animals and -do- aquatic life as well as their habitats. Hunting, pouching and unauthorized fishing by project workers is not allowed. (c) Construction workers shall not be allowed to trespass into sanctuaries, national parks, and Not applicable protected areas if the road is traversing through such areas. 7.2 Chance found important Fauna (a) During construction, if a rare/threatened/endangered fauna species is found, it shall be Applicable through out the road immediately informed to the Engineer. All activities that could destroy such fauna and/or section (& project); its habitat shall be stopped with immediate effect. Such activities shall be started only after obtaining the Engineer's approval. Contractor shall carry out all activities and plans that the Engineer instructed him to undertake to conserve such fauna and/or its habitat. 8. Disruption to Users 8.1 Loss of Access (a) At all times, the Contractor shall provide safe and convenient passage for vehicles, Applicable through out the road pedestrans and livestock to and from side roads and property accesses connecting the section (& project); project road. Work that affects the use of side roads and existing accesses shall not be undertaken without providing adequate provisions to the prior satisfaction of the Engineer.

17 Contractor Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The (b) The works shall not interfere unnecessarily or improperly with the convenience of public -do- or the access to, use and occupation of public or private roads, railways and any other access footpaths to or of properties whether public or private. (c) On completion of the works, all temporary obstructions to access shall be cleared away, -do- all rubbish and piles of debris that obstruct access be cleared to the satisfaction of the Engineer. 8.2 Traffic Jams and Congestion (a) Detailed Traffic Control Plans shall be prepared and submitted to the Engineer for Applicable through out the road approval 5 days prior to commencement of works on any section of road. The traffic section (& project); control plans shall contain details of temporary diversions, details of arrangements for construction under traffic and details of traffic arrangements after cession of work each day. If directed by the Engineer the contractor shall obtain the consent for the traffic arrangement from the Local Police. (b) Temporary diversion of traffic to facilitate construction work shall have the approval of Applicable through out the road the Engineer. If directed by the Engineer the contractor shall obtain the consent for the section (& project); traffic arrangement from the Local Police.

(c) Special consideration shall be given in the preparation of the traffic control plan to the -do- safety of pedestrians and workers at night. (d) The contractor shall ensure that the running surface is always property maintained, -do- particularly during the monsoon so that no disruption to the traffic flow occurs. (e) The temporary traffic detours shall be kept free of dust by frequent application of water, if -do- necessary. (f) Personnel used for traffic control by the contractor shall be properly trained, provided -do- with proper gear including communication equipment, luminous jackets for night use. All signs, barricades, pavement markings used for traffic management should be to the standards and approved by the Engineer/ Police.

8.3 Traffic Control and Safety (a) The Contractor shall take all necessary measures for the safety of traffic dunng Applicable through out the road construction and provide, erect and maintain such barricades, including signs, markings, section (& project); flags, lights and flagmen as may be required by the Engineer for the information and protection of traffic approachng or passing through the section of the highways under improvement The provision of traffic safety measures shall be considered incidental to the Police, if any. _____ j work and follow ICTAD guidelines and instructions given by 9. Accidents and Risks 9.1 Public and Worker safety road (a) All reasonable precautions will be taken to prevent danger of the workers and the public Applicable through out the from accidents such as fire, explosions, blasts, falling rocks, falling to excavated pits, section;

18 Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor breaking flood diversions, chemical sprays, unsafe power supply lines etc. (b) The Contractor shall comply with requirements for the safety of the workmen as per the -do- international labour organisation (ILO) convention No. 62 and Safety and Heath regulations of the Factory Ordinance of Sri Lanka to the extent that those are applicable to this contract. The contractor shall supply all necessary safety appliances such as safety goggles, helmets, masks, boots, etc., to the workers and staff. The contractor has to comply with all regulations regarding safe scaffolding, ladders, working platforms, gangway, stairwells, excavations, trenches and safe means of entry and egress.

9.2 Prevention of Risks of Electrocution (a) All electrical wiring and supply related work should confirm to British Standards (BS) or Applicable through out the road relevant Sri Lankan Standards. Adequate precautions will be taken to prevent danger of section (& project); electrocuting from electrical equipment and power supply lines including distribution boards, transforners, etc. Measures such as danger signboards, danger/red lights, fencing and lights will be provided to protect the public and workers. All electric power driven machines to be used in the construction shall be free from defect, be properly maintained and kept in good working order, be regularly inspected and as per BS provisions and to the satisfaction of the Engineer. 9.3 Risk at Hazardous Activity (a) All workers employed in hazardous activities shall be provided with necessary protective Applicable through out the road gear. These activities include mixing asphalt material, cement, lime mortars, concrete etc., section (& project); welding work, work at crushing plants, blasting work, operators of machinery and equipment such as power saws, etc. (b) The use of any toxic chemical shall be strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's Applicable through out the road instructions. The Engineer shall be notified of toxic chemicals that are planed to be used section (& project); in all contract related activities. A register of all toxic chemicals delivered to the site shall be kept and maintained up to date by the Contractor. The register shall include the trade name, physical properties and characteristics, chemical ingredients, health and safety hazard information, safe handling and storage procedures, and emergency and first aid proceduresfor the product. 9.4 Lead Pollution (a) No paint containing 1 lead or lead products will be used except in the form of paste or Applicable through out the road readymade paint. Facemasks shall be supplied to workers who are working in spray section (& project); painting or scraping lead paints. 9.5 Handling of Explosives

19 Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor the road (a) Except as provided in the contract or ordered or authorised by the Engineer, the Applicable through out Contractor shall not use explosives. Where the use of explosives is so provided or section (& project); ordered or authorised, the Contractor shall comply with the requirements of the following Sub-Clauses of this Clause besides the law of the land as applicable. (b) The Contractor shall at all times take every possible precaution and shall comply with -do- relevant laws and regulations relating to the importation, handling, transportation, storage and use of explosives. Contractor shall obtain Defence Ministry approval for importing and handling explosives and keep the Local Police informed of the same. the road (c) Contractor shall take precaution to prevent injury to people and damage the Applicable through out structures/houses and vehicles in the vicinity at the locations of blasting work. Blasting section (& project); should be controlled to prevent vibration damage to structures and injury to people. The vehicles and road users should be stopped at a reasonable distance from the site and people in the vicinity should be informed when the blasting is carried out. Any debris on the road should be removed promptly before clearing the road for users. Blasting work should be carried out in off peak hours but not during the hours of darkness or at other times, which may cause unacceptable disturbance to religious or other ceremonies. (d) Sufficient and adequate warning shall be given prior to blasting. Use of flagmen, siren, -do- etc. should be arranged to the full satisfaction of the Engineer. The public in the area should be informed well in advance about the blasting operation and timing.

10. Health and Safety 10.1 Prevention of Vector based Diseases (a) Contractor shall take necessary actions to prevent breeding of mosquitoes at places of Applicable through out the road work, labour camps, plus office and store buildings. Stagnation of water in all areas section (&project); including gutters, used and empty cans, containers, tyres, etc shall be prevented. Approved chemicals to destroy mosquitoes and lave should be regularly applied. (b) Contractor shall keep all places of work, labour camps, plus office and store buildings -do- clean devoid of garbage to prevent breeding of rats and other vectors such as flies. 10.2 Workers Health and Safety l (a) Contractor shall comply with the provisions in Health and Safety regulations under the Applicable through out the road l Factory Ordinance with regard to provision of health and safety measures and amenities section (& project); L_____ I at work place(s). 10.2 First Aid (a) At every workplace, first aid kit shall be provided as per the regulations. At every |Applicable through out the road workplace an ambulance room containing the prescribed equipment and nursing staff section (& project); (a) shall be provided. 10.3 Potable Water

20 Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor (a) In every workplace and labour camps portable water shall be available through out the Applicable through out the road day in sufficient quantities. Water should be easily accessible. In general cold portablc section (& project); water is acceptable.

10.4 Hygiene (a) The contractor shall provide and maintain necessary (temporary) living accommodation Applicable through out the road and ancillary facilities for labour to standards and scale approved by the resident engineer. section (& project);

(b) At every workplace and labour camps sufficient number of bathing facilities, latrines and -do- urinals shall be provided in accordance with the Health and Safety regulations and/or as directed by the Engineer. These bathroom and toilet facilities shall be suitably located within the workplace/buildings. Latrines shall be cleaned at least three times daily in the morning, midday and evening and kept in a strict sanitary condition. If women are employed, separate latrines and urinals, screened from those for men and marked in the vernacular shall provided. There shall be adequate supply of water, within and close to latrines and urinals. (c) The sewage system for the camp must be properly designed, built and operated so that no -do- health hazard occurs and no pollution to the air, ground or adjacent watercourses takes place. Compliance with the relevant legislation must be strictly adhered to (d) Garbage bins must be provided in the camp and regularly emptied and the garbage -do- disposed off in a hygienic manner. Construction camps shall have a clean hygienic environment and adequate health care shall be provided for the work force. (d) Unless otherwise arranged for by the Local Authority, the contractor shall arrange proper -do- disposal of sludge from septic tanks. The contractor shall obtain approval for such .I _ disposal from the Public Health Inspector of the area. I Protection of Archaeological, Cultural and Religious Places and Properties 11.1 Preventionof damage to Archaeological, Cultural and Religious Places and Properties

21 Contractor Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The out the road (a) All necessary and adequate care shall be taken to minimize impact on archaeological and Applicable through cultural properties which includes cultural sites and remains, places of worship including section (& project); temples, mosques, churches and shrines, etc., graveyards, monuments and any other Identified locations are: important structures during construction. Work shall not encroach in to such properties, Trees of religious importance edge at premises and precincts under any circumstances. within 3m from the road 38.95; 48.65; 49.8; kilometres Temples and other religious places- 38.7; 39.25; 44.5; 58.1; 60.4; kilometres Tombs 36.4; 39.5; kilometres

road (b) Conservation and protection measures shall be taken up as per design and as per the Applicable through out the instructions issued by the Department of Archaeology or Department of Cultural Affairs section (& project); when working close to or within such sites. Contractor shall seek advice from the Engineer if such instructions are not available. Access to such properties from the road shall be maintained clear and clean. out the road (c) Blasting work shall not be allowed near or within archaeological and historical sites Applicable through without prior approval of the Departnent of Archaeology and the Engineer. section (& project); However, declared archaeological or historical sites were not found.

11.2 Chance found Archaeological property out the road (a) All fossils, coins, articles of value of antiquity and structures and other remains or things Applicable through of geological or archaeological interest etc. discovered on the site and/or during section (& project); construction work shall be the property of the Government of Sri Lanka, and shall be dealt with as per provisions of the relevant legislation. (b) The contractor shall take reasonable precaution to prevent his workmen or any other persons -do- from removing and damaging any such article or thing and shall, immediately upon discovery thereof and before removal acquaint the Engineer of such discovery and carry out the Engineer's instructions for dealing with the same, awaiting which all work shall be stopped within lOOmin all directions from the site of discovery. (c) If directed by the Engineers the Contractor shall obtain advice and assistance from the -do- Department of Archaeological of Sri Lanka on conservation measures to be taken with regard to the artefacts prior to recommencement of work in the area. 12 Environmental Enhancement 12.1 Roadside Landscape

22 Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor (a) Road landscape plantation, re-vegetation of road embankments and other slopes, edge Applicable through out the road treatment of water bodies shall be taken up as per either detailed design or typical design section guidelines given as part of the Bid Documents. The contactor also shall remove all debris, piles of unwanted earth, spoil material, etc away from the roadsides and irom other work places and disposed at locations designated or acceptable to the Engineer or as per Clause 1.1. (b) On completion of the works, the temporary structures shall be cleared away in full, all -do- rubbish burnt, waste dumps and septic tank shall be filled and closed and roadsides, workplaces and labour camps, cleared and cleaned. 12.2 Utilities and Roadside Amenities (a) Contractor shall replace all amenities such as bus shelters that were removed/relocated There are large number bus during the construction unless the Engineer directed the contractor not to do so. shelters along the road. These are marked in the Environmental Features Map

(b) Contractor shall take care not to damage/destroy or affect the functional purposes of Power and telephone lines are utilities such as water, electricity, telephone posts. Prior to commencement of work the present through out the road. At contractor shall consult those service providers and agree on a plan for shifting or some locations telephone lines relocating these utilities temporarily or permnanently as required. Contractor shall assist are taken underground. the service providers in whatever possible manner to minimise disruption to such services. Water lines are identified 66.5km The arrangements the contractor made with those service providers shall be informed to onward up to the road end. the Engineer in writing. However, there is a possibility of presence of water lines of Rural Water Supply Schemes at some places. (c) In case of an inadvertent damage cause to a utility, the contractor shall immediately Applicable through out the road inform the service provider and help to restore the service without delay. section;

12.3 Road Furniture (a) Road furniture including footpaths, railings, storm water drains, crash barrier, traffic Applicable through out the road signs, speed zone signs, pavement markers and any other such items will be provided as section; per design given in the Bid Documents.

(b) Intersections, rotaries, traffic islands, roadside protection and other structures or furniture -do- shall be constructed, complete with the landscape elements as per design in the above manner. 13 Handling Environmental Issues during Construction

23 Contractor Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The (a) The Contractor will appoint a suitably qualified Environmental Officer following the Throughout the project award of the contract. The Environmental Officer will be the primary point of contact for construction/implementation assistance with all environmental issues during the pre-construction and construction period phases. He/She shall be responsible for ensuing the implementation of EMAP. (b) The Contractor shall appoint a person responsible for community liaison and to handle -do- public complains regarding environmental/social related matters. All public complaints will be entered into the Complaints Register. The Environmental Officer will promptly investigate and review environmental complaints and implement the appropriate corrective actions to arrest or mitigate the cause of the complaints. A register of all complaints is to be passed to the Engineer within 24 hrs they are received, with the action taken by the Environmental Officer on complains thereof. (c) Contractor shall develop suitable method to receive complaints. The complain register Throughout the project shall be placed at a convenient place, easily accessible by the public. construction/implementation period At local authority and divisional secretary offices (d) Contractor shall prepare detailed Environmental Method Statement clearly stating the approach, actions and manner in which the EMAP is implemented. It is required from the contractor to prepare the EMS for each work site, if work will be carried out at more than one site at once and time plan for implementation. The EMS shall be updated regularly and submit for Engineers review.

24 Annexure II

The hard copy of "Environmental features map" is available in the World Bank Sri Lanka Country Office.

Annex III Sri Lanka Road Sector Assistance Project

Social Impact Management Framework

September 26, 2005 Road Development Authority

i September 2005 World Bank Road Sector Assistance Project SOCIAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

Table of Contents

ACRONYMS ...... iii DEFINITION OF SELECTED TERMS ...... 1 INTRODUCTION...... 2 RSAP RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK ...... 4 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION AND SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS SCREENING & SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ...... 27 ANNEX - I: SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ...... 31

ii ACRONYMS

BOR Board of Review CCG Community Consultative Group CLG Commissioner of Local Government COI Corridor of Impact CRW Community Resettlement Workers DOV Department of Valuation DOS Department of Survey DS Divisional Secretary SS Superintendent of Survey ERD External Resources Department GOSL Government of Sri Lanka GRC Grievance Redress Committee IDA International Development Association LAA Land Acquisition Act LARD Land Acquisition & Resettlement Division LRC Land Reform Committee MHAPCLG Ministry of Home Affairs, Provincial Council and Local Government MOH Ministry of Highways MOL Ministry of Land NIRP National Involuntary Resettlement Policy OP 4.12 Operation Policy on Involuntary Resettlement PAP Project-Affected Person PCU Project Coordination Unit PD . Project Director PEA Project Executing Agency PMU Project Monitoring Unit PS Padeshiya Sabha RAP Resettlement Action Plan RDA Road Development Authority ROW Right-of-Way RPF Resettlement Policy Framework SA Social Assessment SIMF Social Impact Management Framework SLILG Sri Lankan Institute of Local Government STDP Southern Transport Development Project WB World Bank

------DEFINITION OF SELECTED TERMS the Compensation: Payment made in cash or kind to the project affected persons/households for assets acquired for the project, or payment to vulnerable encroachers in the ROW as formulated in the SIMF. Consultation: Defined as a continuous two-way communication process consisting of: 'feed- forward' the information on the project's goals, objectives, scope and social impact implications to the project beneficiaries, and their 'feed-back' on these issues (and more) to the policymakers and project designers. In addition to seeking feed-back on project specific issues, participatory planning approach also serve the following objectives in all development projects: public relations, information dissemination and conflict resolution. Consultation Framework: After identification of the key stakeholders and their interests in the project, the framework is prepared to guide the project preparation team about who are to be discussed/consulted about the overall project and its positive and adverse impact implications in the different stages of the project cycle. Entitlement: Refers to mitigation measures, which includes CUL, RDA payment (if any), to make up for the replacement costs/market prices affected assets, and those that are not provided in the LAA, but stipulated for the RSAP. Income Restoration: Re-building the capacity of the project affected households to re-establish income sources to at least restore their living standard to the pre-acquisition levels. Involuntary Resettlement: The situation arises where the State's power of eminent domain requires people to acquiesce their rights to personal properties and re-build their lives and livelihood in the same or new locations. Project-Affected Person/Household: Persons/households whose livelihood and living standard are adversely affected by the acquisition of lands, houses other assets, loss of income sources, and the like. Rehabilitation: Refers to re-establishing the previous living standards, which may include re- building the income earning capacity, physical relocation, rebuilding the social support and economic networks. Relocation: Moving the project affected households to new locations to continue their income earning activities. Replacement Cost: Actual costs of purchasing new lands of same quality equal to the amount acquired, plus the transaction and other costs; building new houses at current prices of materials and labour; and the prevailing costs of other assets that can be replaced. and Stakehlolder: Refers to recognizable persons, formal and informal groups who have direct indirect stakes in the project, such as affected persons/households, road user groups -- transport users, workers, operators and owners, communities, community-based and other civil society organizations interested in the road transport sector or the project itself. as Vulnerable Groups. Refers to persons whose income is below the Poverty line (poverty line defined by the government), women headed households, Old people, and minorities.

1 Road Sector Assistance Project SOCIAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

INTRODUCTION

1. The proposed Road Sector Assistance Project (RSAP) is being prepared to provide beneficiaries with improved and sustainable road transport by enhancing durability, efficiency and economic impact of the national road network. Additionally, the project will establish a framework to improve the institutional capacity in Sri Lanka's decentralized governance system for maintenance and rehabilitation of rural road infrastructure.

2. Although any major land acquisition and displacement of population is not foreseen but minor land acquisition may be necessary for realignment and improvements. The Project may also cause some displacement and impacts on squatters and encroachers within the ROW in addition to temporary impacts on private assets along the ROW due to construction activities during implementation phase. Since these minor impacts are not known at this stage, hence the need for the SIMF. 3. The potential adverse social impacts, as anticipated at this stage, would largely affect persons located in the project's area of intervention whose livelihood may be affected. The project also needs to ensure that its activities do not affect sites and objects of historical and cultural significance, and indigenous peoples. With these concerns in view, the SIMF proposes principles, policies, guidelines and procedure to identify/verify the prevalent and potential social development and safeguard issues and address them as integral parts of project design and implementation. Although the SIMF is developed largely to fulfil the Bank's social safeguard requirements, it could also be used to identify and deal with major non-safeguard social concerns which might be associated with the project interventions. In the context of social development the foremost objective is to avoid/minimize the project's potential adverse impacts and mitigate those that are unavoidable and, if opportunities arise, to reinforce its social development outcomes.

4. Identification and further verification of social safeguard and social development concerns will require the preparation of a rapid social assessment report for all sub projects, with participation and consultation of the beneficiary communities in general, and especially those who may be adversely affected. Consultation with the key stakeholders will seek their inputs and feedback on safeguards and non- safeguard/social development issues and impacts, as well as on alternative mitigation measures wherever deemed necessary. Institutionally, such an approach is consistent with Sri Lanka's decentralized governance system, which recognizes the value of beneficiary participation in development activities. In keeping with this objective, the SIMF also contains guidelines for participation process tasks, such as community/stakeholder consultation and social screening, leading to detailed analysis (wherever necessary), of social safeguard and non- safeguard risks in particular subprojects. These guidelines are primarily focused on identifying social safeguard issues (including OP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement, focussing on impact on livelihood of vulnerable groups, OP 4.10 on Indigenous Peoples, and OPN 11.03 on Cultural Property ), risks assessment and related mitigation of issues identified,

5. In the context of the SIMF, the Project Affected Persons are expected to be vulnerable encroachers whose business may be located in the ROW, or informal users of public land, (squatters and encroachers) owners of assets encroaching into the ROW, and communities/groups where the impact may be felt community wide. In order to discourage attempts to abuse the mitigation policies cut off

2 the dates need to be established. These are the dates on which Social Assessment and census of affected persons and their assets are taken. No person or asset will qualify for compensation unless they are recorded in the census taken onibefore the cut-off dates. As mentioned earlier the Project be does not envisage any involuntary land acquisition. However, the budget for the SIMF will provided by the GOSL to finance social and safeguards related activities (if/ where required). The Project & Its Social and Safeguards Implications

6. Investments included in the RSAP comprise i) a national road component, entailing deferred maintenance, rehabilitation and minor upgrading of priority national highways and ii) a rural component entailing selected pilot intervention of rural roads with a view to increasing efficiency is and effectiveness with which rural road maintenance is undertaken. The rural roads component focussed on some of the poorest regions of the country. The national component entails maintenance and and minor up gradation of 13 sub projects of national road network comprising 2 sub projects another road section included as a part of the Banks post-tsunami re-construction efforts. The rural roads, which will be rehabilitated, remain to be selected.

7. Institutional capacity building and maintenance, rehabilitation and improvement of rural roads is not expected to have any adverse social impacts, as they will remain limited to the existing alignments and no additional lands would be needed. It is assumed that social development and safeguard concerns may arise due to resumption of public lands that may affect commercial and residential squatters and encroachers at road junctions, small towns and other built-up areas. Depending upon location of the roads there is a possibility that the roads may pass through areas finds inhabited by indigenous peoples, or where there may be cultural sites and possibility of chance of artefacts of cultural and historical significance. a 8. In keeping with the Bank's social development and safeguard compliance requirements, the SIMF, is proposed. With this framework in place, the remaining tasks will consist of preparing mitigation action plans (if required) based on the actual impacts, and process tasks such as social assessment; stakeholder consultation & analysis; and social risk screening & impact assessment.

Project Appraisal Requirements the 9. The improvement works will be designed and implemented over five years, and the entire Entitlement Matrix will be used for mitigation of Project impacts. The SIMF will apply to English. project, and will be disclosed to the public in three local languages: Sinhalese, Tamil and The Social Assessments (undertaken for all sub projects) will identify the triggers of the safeguards as and if identified, compliance will be ensured through preparation of mitigation measures such IPDP, RP etc., for each road package or yearly work program. All mitigation and management action plans will be subjected to Bank review and clearance before the work packages are accepted for IDA financing.

3 PART ONE RSAP RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK

Social Impact Management Framework: 1. Along with process and guidelines for undertaking social development issues, the Framework will also assist in identifying social safeguard impacts such as loss of livelihood resulting from Project interventions, identify and deal with impacts on Indigenous Peoples, where project intervention may affect them, and guidelines for dealing with Cultural Property and Chance Finds. Stakeholder Consultation, Social Risks Screening and Social/Impact Assessment: 2. Under the SIMF it will also be possible to collect relevant information through a laid out process for stakeholder participation/consultation, and social risks screening during project preparation and implementation, with stakeholder inputs and feedback, for mitigation and management of risks (should they arise).

3. The SIMF has been developed using the Bank's Operational Policies, e.g. Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12), Indigenous People (OP 4.10) and Cultural Properties (OPN 11.03), as well as Sri Lankan National Involuntary Resettlement Policy (NIRP) and the guidelines of the Southern Transport Development Project, for addressing impacts on vulnerable persons. The guidelines for participation process tasks are largely based on those suggested in the Bank's Social Analysis Source Book (2003) and Social Assessment Policies and Guidelines (GP 10.05).

RSAP's Resettlement Policy Objectives

4. The principles and guidelines proposed in this framework are primarily aimed at avoiding or minimizing, to the extent possible, the hardships and impoverishment that may result from Project's intervention, and mitigation of any adverse impact thereof at the household /community level. All decisions regarding design of construction work will be made, to the extent feasible, to facilitate the attainment of this objective.

Applicability and Scope of the SIMF

5. In keeping with the project objectives, the proposed principles and guidelines will also apply to PAP' s, who may be impacted through impacts on private land or other assets due to minor re- alignment.

6. Mitigation Principles

* Absence of legal title will not be considered a bar to compensation for non-land assets created by the public land users. Vulnerability of the project-affected persons, in terms of economic, social and gender characteristics, will be identified and mitigated with appropriate policies.

• Where community-wide impacts are caused in the form of affecting community facilities, restricting access to common property resources, etc. the project will rebuild such facilities and provide for alternative access. * The project executing agency and RDA will bear the costs of implementing the SIMF.

4 Impact Mitigation Modalities be 7. The following types of losses are expected to result from Project intervention and will mitigated. Temporary displacement of mobile vendors and other vulnerable encroachers. The project will ensure that their livelihood is not affected by helping to relocate them during construction phase * Cut-off dates will be established to determine compensation eligibility of persons and their assets. These are the dates on which census of the affected persons and their assets will be taken. Any claim for compensation by affected people after the cut-off date will be ineligible for compensation. * If there is acquisition of small pieces of land for realignment and improvements, the land acquisition process of the government will be followed and compensation paid at market rates. * For impacts on fixed physical assets of affectees including structures, walls, gardens, gates, etc., located in the ROW and impacted by the project's construction intervention, the owners will be compensated at replacement cost. * Encroacher-owners of the affected businesses will be compensated for temporary loss of income based on net income, or an one-time lump sum grant * The project will identify and implement policies to mitigate any adverse impacts that are unique to any project locations and have so far remained unknown. * In the situation of voluntary land donation, the Project will ensure the verification of voluntary nature of donation; that the land is unencumbered, that community based mitigation measures are acceptable, that a grievance redressal system is in place, that the person(s) give up all claim to the donated land and that the land is transferred in the name of the Government /Department.

Impacts and PAPs Eligible for Compensation Assistance

8. The mitigation principles and impact mitigation modalities are operationalized by defining and categorizing the potential impacts/losses which will qualify for mitigation. Besides these, any unforeseen impact, as and when encountered, will be mitigated with appropriate measures. The following will qualify for compensation: * Unauthorized or informal users of public lands, such as squatters and encroachers, are not eligible for compensation for land, but for other losses covered by the mitigation policies. • Business and Wage Income/ informal Users of public land: Vulnerable squatters and encroachers residing on public lands and undertaking income earning activities in the ROW will be assisted to cope with the change.

U * Provision of alternative permanent place: Temporary encroachers who have been provided with a permanent place for business earlier will not be eligible for assistances. * Structures on Public Lands: All built structures would be compensated at replacement cost.

5 * Unforeseen losses/impact including: All other losses/impacts that are not known but may get identified in PAP census will be mitigated with appropriate measures (where they qualify).

* For adverse impacts on community facilities, such as educational institutions, places of worship, graveyards, cremation grounds etc., no financial compensation will be paid directly to affectees, furthermore, RDA will rebuild the affected facilities, or provide alternatives in consultation with the user communities. Similarly for loss of income earning opportunities or access to crucial common property resources, the project will provide alternatives to restore and improve their livelihood.

Compensation Payment

9. RDA with financial support from GoSL and implemented through the DS will pay all non land compensations/entitlements as laid out in the entitlement framework to all eligible affected persons/households. Furthermore, all compensations and assistance to PAPs must be paid in full prior to dispossession of affected assets in the project. For any land related impact (although not envisaged) compensation will be paid under the Land Acquisition Act and payments be made at market rates.

Mitigation Entitlement Policy Matrix

10. For addressing impact/loss categories, entitlement and entitled persons, a Compensation Entitlement Policy Matrix has been developed (same as the Entitlement Matrix used by the ADB projects and accepted by the GOSL). These are for known impacts/losses. Any other impact that remains unforeseen or might be found unique to a subproject location will be included under 'unanticipated adverse impact due to project intervention" of the Entitlement Framework.

6 COMPENSATION/ENTITLEMENTMATRIX OF THE PROJECT

of Tloss Entitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement Responsibility

A. AGRICULTURAL LAND

7 Type of loss Entitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement Typeofoss Persons Responsibility

Loss of Owner with All (cash) payments for land will be Payment for lost RDA, CV, DS, Agricultural title deed or at replacement costs. assets and LARC. land registration Cash payment for loss of standing restoration of certificate crops and trees at market prices livelihood. In case the AP loses 10% or more of their productive, income Payment for loss of LARC generating assets and / or remaining income based on portion is economically not viable entitlement under for continued use as determined by Land Acquisition LARC, these options will be Act [46 1 (iii)] or as available:- determined by the 1) If opted by AP, the chief valuer. remainder land will be acquired at replacement cost if economically not viable. Reasonable time will be given to harvest perennial crops if not payment will be made at market value. 2) Preference will be given to APs for land for land option (similar location and productive quality, subject to availability OR cash payment for loss of land at full replacement costs. 3) Rehabilitation package - Items G2, G3 i, G 3 iii, if staying on the land and G3 ii if required. Cash Payment for loss of income for portion of land as per the land acquisition Act or as determined by the chief valuer.

8 Responsibility Type of loss Entitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement Typeofoss Persons RDA, CV, DS, Loss of access Tenant, user No payment for land. Payment to cover LARC. to agricultural with lease Cash payment for loss of standing lost crops and land crops and trees at market prices, if restoration of cultivated by tenant or user with livelihood lease; AND Cash payment for loss of net income for portion of land affected for the remaining leased/assigned period; OR Cash payment for loss of future production for the lease period from the portion of land affected equivalent to average annual income from the portion of land affected in preceding three years, whichever is the higher. Assistance in negotiating a new lease agreement on alternative land if the AP does not wish to continue to cultivate land of reduced area. In case remaining portion is not physically possible for cultivation economically not viable for continued use as determined by CV, then assistance in negotiating a new lease agreement on alternate land of similar size and productive value if the AP cannot remain on the land AND Rehabilitation package - Items G2, G3 i, G 3 iii, if staying on the land and G3 ii if required.

9 Typeofoss Entitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement Typeofoss Persons Responsibility Loss of access Ande farmer No payment for land. Payment to cover RDA, CV, DS, to agricultural (sharecropper) Cash payment for loss of standing lost crops and LARC. land crops and trees at market prices; restoration of AND livelihood Transition subsistence (in cash or kind) allowance equivalent to loss of crop or harvest for portion of land affected for the remaining period of sharecropping agreement; OR Cash payment for loss of future production equivalent to average production from the portion of land affected in preceding three years, whichever is higher; AND Assistance in negotiating a new sharecropping agreement on alternative land if the AP does not wish to continue to sharecrop land of reduced area. Assistance in negotiating a new sharecropping agreement on alternate land of similar size and productive value if the AP cannot remain on the land AND Rehabilitation package - Items G.2, G.3 i, G.3 iii if staying on the land or G3 i if required.

10 Entitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement Responsibility Pesn Type of loss Persons CV, DS, Loss of access Non-titled user No payment for land. Payment to cover RDA, to agricultural or squatter on Cash payment for loss of standing lost crops and LARC. land private land or crops and trees at market prices, if restoration of state land cultivated by him; AND livelihood. Cash Payment for loss of future production from the portion of land affected equivalent to average annual income from the portion of land affected in preceding three years; If the AP has no other land or cannot remain on the land, the AP will receive the following:- 1. Cash payment for loss of standing crops and trees at market prices to the squatter. 2. The project will provide if available an altemative plot of land for cultivation of equal productive value under rental / lease arrangements. 3. Rehabilitation package - Items G.2, G.31, G.3 iii if staying on the land or G3 ii if required.

B. RESIDENTIAL LAND AND STRUCTURES

11 Type of loss Entitled Entitlements Typeofoss Persons Intent/Requirement Responsibility Loss of Owner with All (cash) payments for land and Payment for lost RDA, CV, DS, Residential title deed or structure will be made at assets, assistance to LARC. land and registration replacement costs. reorganize on structure certificate All payments at replacement cost in existing land or material, cash, or a combination of relocate on alternate both according to the actual loss to land and support for repair or rebuild the structure to transition period. original or better condition when remaining land sufficient to rebuild upon; For structures not having sufficient land to rebuild upon will be entitled to the following: 1. All (cash) payments for land and structure at full replacement cost (for materials and labour) in material, cash, or a combination of both, WITHOUT deduction for depreciation or salvageable materials; 2. Assistance from LARC to locate alternative plot for relocation; OR relocation to a resettlement site developed by the project if opted by AP. 3. Rehabilitation package G 2. Shifting allowance see GI.

12 Type of loss Entitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement Responsibility Typeofoss Persons

Loss of rental Tenant, user If there is partial loss of rental Cash payment for RDA, CV, DS, accommodation with lease accommodation, AP has the option rental allowance or LARC. to stay with the owners agreement cash value of OR if AP chooses to move out, remaining lease, cash assistance for 6 months rental assistance for allowance AND finding alternate Assistance in finding new rental affordable rental accommodation accommodation and AND support during Shifting assistance (Item Gl i) transition period. If there is complete loss of rental accommodation, AP has the option of cash for the value of the remaining lease OR Cash assistance to cover rental arrangements for minimum period of 6 months of equivalent standard and advance payments as determined by the chief valuer to owner on a case to case basis which ever is higher. Assistance in finding new affordable rental accommodation AND Shifting allowance and Rehabilitation package - Items G. I ii and G.2.

13 Type of loss Entitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement Responsibility Persons Loss of Non-titled No payment for land. Payment for lost RDA, CV, DS, residential user, non- All payments for structure at assets, assistance to LARC. structure permitted user replacement costs in materials, cash reorganize on land or squatter or a combination of both according or provision of to the actual loss for repairing or alternate site if rebuilding the structure; AND choosing to relocate If affected land is state land AP and support for may rebuild on the remaining land, transition period. and if affected land is private land the project will encourage AP to relinquish the land and relocate on alternate land or resettlement site provided by the project; If APs can rebuild on existing land then shifting assistance G 1 i. If AP has to relocate then Rehabilitation package - G I11iand G 2.

C. COMMERCIAL LAND AND STRUCTURE

14 Type of loss Entitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement Responsibility Typeofoss Persons RDA, CV, DS, Loss of Owner / All (cash) payments for land lost at Project shall give LARC. commercial operator of full replacement cost; reasonable time for land and registered Payment at replacement cost in APs to continue their structure business material, cash, or a combination of business operation both according to the actual loss to while rebuildirg repair or rebuild the structure to their structures. APs original or better condition when will rebuild their remaining land sufficient to rebuild structure as soon as upon; payment is released Payment for any associated loss of and clear the area in income while commercial structure the agreed is being rebuilt.is being rebuilt. ~Transitiontimeframe. assistance For structures not having sufficient and income land to rebuild upon will be entitled restoration. to the following: 1. All (cash) payments for structure lost at full replacement cost (for materials and labour) in material, cash, or a combination of both, WITHOUT deduction for depreciation or salvageable materials; 2. Assistance from LARC to locate altemative plot for relocation; OR relocation to a resettlement site developed by the project if opted by AP on recovery of the undeveloped value of the plot. 3. For income losses cash payment not exceeding three times the average annual net profits from business, as shown by the books of accounts, for three calendar years immediately preceding acquisition or livelihood restoration grant, which ever is higher 4. Rehabilitation Package - G 2 and G3 ii if required. Shifting allowance see GI.

15 Type of loss Entitled Entitlements Typeofoss Persons Intent/Requirement Responsibility

Loss of Tenant / If there is partial loss of structure, Cash payment for RDA, CV, commercial DS, operator of AP has the option to stay with the rental allowance or LARC. Structure registered owners agreement OR if AP cash value of business chooses to move out, cash remaining lease, assistance for 6 months rental assistance for allowance AND finding alternate Assistance in finding new rental affordable rented premises to re- accommodation and establish business AND support for income Payment for any associated loss of losses and during income while commercial structure transition period. is being rebuilt. If there is complete loss of structure, AP will be entitled to the following:- 1. Cash for the value of the remaining lease OR 2. Cash assistance to cover rental arrangements for minimum period of 6 months of equivalent standard and advance payments as determined by the chief valuer to owner on a case to case basis which ever is higher AND 3. Assistance in finding new affordable rental premises to operate business. 4. For income losses cash payment not exceeding three times the average annual net profits from business, as shown by the books of accounts, for three calendar years immediately preceding acquisition or livelihood restoration grant, which ever is higher 5. Rehabilitation Package - G 2 and G3 ii if required. Shifting allowance see GI.

16 Entitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement Responsibility Type of loss Persons RDA, CV, DS, Loss of Owner or For structure - all payments for Payment for lost LARC. commercial operator of structure lost at replacement cost in assets, transition Structure non-registered material, cash, or a combination of assistance and business / both according to the actual loss; income restoration squatter AND For income - cash payment equivalent to 6 months income OR Livelihood assistance grant, whichever is the higher; AND If affected land is state land AP may rebuild on the remaining land, and if affected land is private land the project will encourage AP to relinquish the land and relocate on alternate land or resettlement site provided by the project subject to availability; AND Rehabilitation package - Items G.2, and G.3 ii if required. Shifting allowance see GI. D. OTHER PRIVATE PROPERTIES OR SECONDARY STRUCTURES and RDA, CV, DS, Partial or Owners of All (cash) payments for affected Payment for loss LARC. complete loss structures structure at replacement cost; OR relocation if required of other (regardless if Cost of repair of structure to property or the land is original or better condition; OR secondary owned or not) Cash assistance for relocation of structure (i.e. structure. shed, outdoor latrine, rice store, animal pen etc) and RDA, CV, DS, Loss of tombs All owners All (cash) payments an amount of Payment for loss LARC. or graves Rs. 2000 up to Rs. 15,000 to cover relocation if required the cost of exhumation (including any religious ceremonies if required) and relocation E. LOSS OF INCOME OF EMPLOYEES OR HIRED LABORERS E.1 Temporarily Affected

------…------17 Type of loss pEntitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement Typeofoss Persons Responsibility While business All affected Cash payment for lost salary/wages Businesses will be RDA, CV, re-establishes employees, for each month AP can not work; encourage to retain LARC (i.e. wage or daily OR existing employees reorganizing on labourers in Assistance in securing new Payment for lost remaining land private or employment including relevant income during or relocating in government skills training if required; AND business re- the same area) businesses Rehabilitation package - Items G.2 establishment and G.3 ii if required by AP E.2 Permanently Affected Job loss due to All affected Cash payment for 6 months Payment for lost RDA, CV, relocation of employees, salary/wages and income, LARC business to wage or daily Project will encourage employers to rehabilitation another area or labourers in provide severance pay for package to provide business private or employees; AND support and income operator government Preferential access to project restoration decides not to businesses construction employment re-establish opportunities; AND

Rehabilitation package - Items G.2 and G.3 ii

F. TREES & STANDING CROPS (already included under A)

18 Responsibility Type of loss Entitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement Typeofoss Persons RDA, CV, DS, Loss of crops Person who For owner, payment for crops and Payment for losses LARC and trees cultivates trees at market prices; Payment for trees crops and/or For tenant, payment for crops shall calculated on market owns trees be paid to tenant; value on the basis of (regardless if For sharecropper, payment for land productivity, the land IS crops shall be shared between type, age, and owned or not) owner and sharecropper according productive value of to the sharecropping agreement; affected trees For all - advance notice to harvest crop; AND Payment for net value of crops where harvesting is not possible; AND Cash payment for loss of trees and standing crops at market prices; AND Rights to resources from privately owned trees (i.e. timber or firewood) G. LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION & REHABILITATION ASSISTANCE G.1 Materials Transport Allowance RDA, CV, i. APs Cash assistance (shifting Payment for LARC Reorganization reorganizing allowance) of Rs 5000 disturbance and to of residential or or rebuilding AP/household assist in rebuilding commercial on same plot structure RDA, CV, ii. AP requiring Relocating Cash assistance (relocation Allowance to cover LARC relocation for APs allowance) of Rs. 5000 up to an transport of housing or amount of Rs 15,0001 household or business AP/household for transportation to commercial effects, new location or site based on floor salvaged and new area of the house in occupation building materials before relocation.

to another site and as 'Material transportation allowance rates include labor and transportation costs determined by RDA based on the floor area of the house in occupation before relocation.

19 | Entitled Type of loss | Persons Entitlements | Intent/Requirement Responsibility l l l

G.2 Transition Subsistence Allowance Severe or Each 2 member Subsistence allowance for the To provide support, RDA, CV, significant of severely transition period for EACH based on Rs. 400 per LARC impact affected member of severely affected month per person. (including household household of Rs 400/ month/person relocation) for a minimum period of 3 months and similar assistance will be further extended as assessed on a case to case basis. G.3 Livelihood Restoration (Grant & Training) i. Permanent APs/household Livelihood restoration grant - as Cash sum to offset RDA, CV, effects on cash assistance of Rs 15,0003 per income losses not LARC livelihood household (plus professional directly paid for, to assistance and advice, if required, provide support to invest funds or to set up a while business re- business at a commercially viable establishing or as location). Linked with skill start-up investment training (as provided in item G.3 ii) for new business if and as far as practicable shall be AP has to change provided in the form of productive livelihood assets. ii. Permanent Two members Training for up to two members Linked with need to RDA, CV, effects on of (male and female where applicable) start new business, LARC livelihood APs/household of AP households to receive skills access to existing or and vocational training, to an development of new amount of Rs 4,0004 per member; training courses AND depending on the Transition subsistence allowance needs of the APs (see Item G.2 above)

2 As determined through discussions with various relief agencies and social welfare organizations, the allowance has been based on a minimum number of kilocalories per month derived from different foods. For rice the minimum requirement will be derived from between 98 and 105 Kg per person per year or an average of 8.5 kg per person per month or about Rs.400/month/person.

3A grant amount to support business re-establishment or start up of new business linked to skill training. Rates determined through discussions for road projects currently under implementation for similar impacts and activities.

4Rates determined through discussion with road projects currently under implementation and relevant departments for similar activities.

20 Responsibility Type of loss Entitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement Typeofoss Persons RDA, CV, iii. Permanent Severely Assistance to increase productivity Access to existing LARC effects on affected on remaining land (i.e. increasing agricultural livelihood farmers cropping intensity, use of high extension services remaining on yielding seeds, diversification and and development of affected land introduction of new seeds or crops new services as per etc) and assistance to access the specific needs of existing subsidies. APs as identified The project will fund two through consultation agricultural extensions officers for with them, support 18 months, the cost is estimated at for access to existing Rs 24,0005 per road plus assistance subsidies, to APs of Rs 3,000 each for development and fertilizers and seeds training from Department of Agriculture, Tea Smallholding Authority, Agrarian Services Department, Coconut Development Board, and Rubber Control Department

S Rates determined in consultation with Department of Agriculture.

21 Typeofoss Entitled Typeo loss Persons Entitlements Intent/Requirement Responsibility

G.4 Special Assistance Effects on Vulnerable A special grant of Rs 15,0006 per Assistance, over and RDA, CV, vulnerable APs APs including AP/household to improve living above payment for LARC the poor, standards of vulnerable A-Ps and lost assets, to reduce elderly APs, households impacts of ethnic Assistance to vulnerable resettlement which minority households in finding suitable land can households, for relocation and shifting OR disproportionately female-headed provision of resettlement sites if effect the already households, opted by the AP. vulnerable and to and disabled ensure that the project does not simply re-establish levels of poverty, vulnerability or marginalization H. COMMUNITY ASSETS Loss of Divisional Restoration in existing location of Full restoration of RDA, CV, buildings and Secretary affected community buildings, buildings, structures, LARC other structures division, urban structures, infrastructure and infrastructure, (schools, ward, village, common property resources to services or other temples, local original or better condition; OR community clinics, walls community or Replacement in alternative location resources by etc), local authority identified in consultation with contractor (costs to infrastructure owning or affected communities and relevant be borne by project) (local roads, benefiting authorities; OR or payment for such footpaths, from at full replacement if agreement for bridges, community (Cash) Payment local authority or irrigation, property, cost;ratn community to water points or infrastructure Restoration of access to community undertake the communal or resources resources. restoration works. hand pumps etc), common resources (such as water supply, community forests)

6 Assistance to cover, over and above compensation for lost assets. As determined through discussions for road projects currently under implementation for similar impacts.

22 Responsibility Type of loss Entitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement based on the Any Any unanticipated consequence of the project will be documented and mitigated unanticipated spirit of the principles agreed upon in this policy framework. adverse impact due to project intervention

Temporary loss of private land to obtain materials for fill and embankment during construction the 11. Temporary occupation contract between owner/title-holder and contractor will specify or period of occupancy, terms and conditions, payment for material losses and other disturbances parties. damages to property and rehabilitation and restoration measures agreed upon between both to its Land should be returned to the owner at the end of temporary acquisition period, restored to ensure that original condition or improved as agreed with the AP. Project and the contractor for the persons other than the owner affected as a result of temporary acquisition are compensated or private temporary period. Extreme care shall be taken by contractors to avoid damage to public the property and where damages to public or private property occur as a result of construction works, AP (individual, household, authority, community or utility or service provider) shall be compensated for damages to structures

Consultation & Information Dissemination

12. The project executing agency, RDA, will ensure that all stakeholders are consulted/informed process about the project's expected impacts, proposed impact mitigation policies, and implementing planning that would be followed. Stakeholder consultations will be an on-going activity during the of and implementation stages of the project/sub project. Stakeholder consultation will be inclusive The all groups (particularly gender and vulnerable groups), participatory and transparent. In addition the consultations will be aimed at seeking feedback on project design and its implication. following topics will be discussed in greater details: * principles and modalities adopted for mitigation * Affected persons/households and assets eligible for compensation * Grievance redress mechanism - its function, procedure to lodge grievances, etc * RDA's role in facilitating shifting of informal business located in ROW * Any other issues/topic deemed useful to explain the entitlement framework of 13. The process will be documented with minutes of the meetings, dates, venues, number project participants, issues/topics discussed, major feedback which may have policy implications for will be design considerations, and any agreements that may have been reached. Documentations available to all stakeholders including IDA supervision missions.

Grievance Redress Mechanism have 14. Those who are displaced from public lands, to which they have no legal rights, do not policy an opportunity to bring their grievances to any institutional entities. Besides, the Bank requires borrowers to establish mechanisms to deal with issues that might be raised by the affected

23 persons, including informal users of public lands. The mechanism is meant to reduce conflicts in the community.

Grievanee Redress Committee

15. Grievance Redressal Committees (GRCs) will be formed in each Padeshiya Sabha or other appropriate project locations and consist of the following five members:

Suggested Membership Designation RDA official managing civil works in the area Convenor MHAPCLG official assigned to the area Member-Secretary Head of Padeshiya Sabha Member A representative of civil society organization Member A representative of concerned PAP/Stakeholder Member

Functions and Guidelines:

16. The procedure will seek to resolve issues quickly, amicably, and transparently and out of courts, in order to facilitate the project implementation. The decisions made by GRCs will be binding on the project execution agency. To instil confidence and trust in the procedure, the convenor will ensure that all decisions are made in formal hearings without interference of individual GRC members in favour of any particular PAP/stakeholder. The convenor will have the authority to: * Reject a grievance redress application with any recommendations written on it by a GRC member or any other person; * Remove a recommendation by any person that may separately accompany the grievance redress application;

* Adopt any other measures, in consultation with the Project Director, to ensure confidence and transparency in the procedure.

17. The resident engineer will maintain a complaint register accessible to affectees and forward these to the GRC. The convenor will ensure that the grievance hearings take place within three to four weeks of submission of an application. To ensure transparency, the GRCs will record the details of the grievances and the reasons that led to acceptance or rejection of the particular grievances, and will make them available for review by the IDA supervision missions and other interested persons and entities.

Organizational Setup for Implementation: Roles and Responsibilities

18. Responsibility for the implementation of the SIMF will be vested in the Project Director and RDA. Furthermore, to build capacity within RDA, a "Unit" will be established and staff trained in social and environmental matters. Despite the limited impact envisaged, (no land acquisition or displacement) there will however, be some field level implementation arrangements.

19. Roles and responsibilities of the major actors in the SIMF are as follows:

24 * Divisional Secretaries (DS): Besides determining eligibility of PAPs to receive compensation, the DS will conduct inquiry into compensation claims from PAPs and process and pay the compensation. * Superintendent of Survey (SSs): After the right-of-ways are identified the SSs will survey the ROW encroached, names of the occupants and type of business affected. The surveyors will provide the DS with advance tracing drawings and lists of the affected persons * Valuation Officers: In cases of disputes over PAPs' claims over compensation, Valuation Officers will independently assess, at request of DSs, the current market prices of the affected properties. * Staff of the "Unit" will carry out stakeholder consultation, social risks screening and assessment for all sub-projects and obtain actual number of PAPs, etc. They will also work closely with the Superintendent of Surveys and Valuation Officers. The office of the Project Director and the "Unit" will monitor progress in tasks leading to project implementation, and prepare progress reports for routine review by MOH, RDA and IDA. and field 20. PD and RDA will allocate the following specific responsibilities to the central based staff in the "Unit" who will be assisted by resettlement/social consultants to:

* Carry out stakeholder consultation on project objectives, scope, and potential adverse/positive impacts of project intervention; Undertake social risks screening (and detailed social assessment, if necessary); and process the stakeholder feedback for consideration in engineering designs. * Explain the mitigation policies and measures of the project. Identify PAPs (who are informal users of public land in the ROW) and process the entitlements stipulated in the SIMF. * Explain to the PAPs the grievance redressal mechanism and its scope, functions and the procedure to bring grievances to the Grievance Redressal Committees (GRCs). Designated staff from the Unit will record the GRC proceedings and include summary reports in the periodic progress reports. * Plan, design and conduct census of the project affected persons and households listed by the surveyors; and collect all information required to identify the losses; and determine the entitlements, application guidelines and implementation issues as suggested in the 'compensation/entitlement matrix'. * During construction, the supervising engineers in the sites will ensure that the regulations regarding treatment of any Chance Finds are strictly observed. The Chance Finds and the ways and means used for resolution will be developed.

21. Reporting * Monthly updates of progress in preparation and implementation, of social development and safeguards concerns disaggregated in terms of subprojects and/or Divisions; and * Reports for formal supervision missions with the details of progress in all on-going SD activities, and any issues that are known to be impeding progress.

22. Monitoring & Evaluation

25 Implementation of the SIMF will be monitored by the supervision consultant and will be reported as a part of the overall progress reports.

Social Monitoring Indicators

* Number of affectees by gender_ * Number of qualifying for compensation by gender_ * Types of compensation/Assistance provided.

(a) Physical assets by type by number__ (b) Livelihood assistance by type by number (c) Affectees relocated by numbers__ new location_ (d) Land Acquisition by quantity_ _ _ method of acquisition (e) Affectees disposed without provision of immediate compensation by number _reason (f) Community property adversely affected by numbers types mitigation measures provided (g) Loss of access to community property. Number of affectees Type of property without access_ (h) Any cultural property affected? Number Types p (i) Number of grievances registered Number addressed If not addressed provide reasons_

23. HIV/AIDS: The Project will liaise with the HIV/AIDS Project in Sri Lanka to ensure that high risk groups are made aware of HIV/AIDS risks, and that truckers are provided with preventive packages as developed by the health project.

26 PART TWO STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION AND SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS SCREENING & SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

with 1. Social/Social Impact Assessment is a common tool used for project preparation back to community participation. The information collected from communities is used as feed should be inform project design. Important aspects of the Social Assessment (SA) are that it and vulnerable inclusive of all stakeholders and groups in the community, particularly, gender to obtain groups. Where women are unresponsive in mixed consultations, efforts need to be made an their views separately. It should also obtain information on the culture of the area and to obtain assessment of social safeguards. Stakeholder's consultation is one of the mechanisms and a information. The assessment also needs to provide participation and consultation strategy grievance redressal mechanism have been 2. The objective of stakeholder consultation is to help verify the social issues that to a sub-project presumed to arise and to identify those which are not yet known or are unique "feed area. These consultations are expected to be a two-way communication process with forward" of information on the project's goals, objectives, scope and social impact implications project to the project beneficiaries, and their 'feed-back' on these issues for the policymakers and focus on designers. Consultations are expected to span the entire project period with varying community and stakeholder groups depending on the stages of the project cycle and significance of the impact issues. Furthermore, they will also be used to explain the rights and responsibilities information of the different stakeholders. In addition, it will allow for public relations, dissemination and conflict resolution. determine the 3. More specifically, the exercise will assist to: identify the stakeholder; the stakeholder interests, which will be affected and/or enhanced directly and indirectly; determine groups; extent and bases of power and influence of the stakeholders and formal and informal interest and formulate a stakeholder participation strategy taking into account their stakes/interests, powerbase and influence.

Consultation Methodology group 4. Tools for community/stakeholder consultation will include open meetings, focus the discussions (FGDs), key informant interviews, and in-depth hotspot meetings/discussions with Group-focused general project beneficiaries and the project affected individuals and groups. stakes discussions involving specific issues will follow as stakeholders and their interests and on specific become clear. More focused discussions may follow informing of, and seeking feedback social safeguards impact mitigation policies and measures adopted in the SIMF.

Analysis and Documentation

5. To better understand the nature of their interests and stakes, stakeholders will be broadly informal, categorized into direct and indirect groups where the former include all persons formal and by the Project who have business and sources of livelihood located in the ROW and affected interventions. The second group in this category includes beneficiary and user groups (including of direct transport owners and operators, traders, farmers contractors etc.), and the third group involved in the affectees are the relevant government departments and agencies who are directly sector. The project planning and implementation process and donors providing assistance to this

27 Iindirect group consists of Civil Society groups including NGOs, academia, professional, religious, occupational, and women's groups along with formal and infornal groups interested in the transport sector.

Identifying the Stakeholder Interests and their Power and Influence 6. Stakeholder interests will be determined through queries and an assessment of their: stakes and expectations; expected benefits; interests that may conflict with project goals; and resources that stakeholders are able and willing to mobilize. The next step entails an assessment of their power and interest, level of organization and access to and control over information

7. All aspects of the consultation process will be documented and summarized for feedback to project design and review. Summary documentations will include meeting records of the following: -- Open meetings, focus-group discussions (FGDs) and hot-spot discussions, with dates, number, venues, number of participants, and other information deemed necessary. (Detailed notes and records will be kept and made available to interested parties.)

Formulating the Stakeholder Participation Strategy

8. Following identification of key stakeholders and their interests and influence, the next step is to ensure their participation and inputs in the project preparation and implementation process. The RSAP Participation Strategy will focus on all key stakeholders groups, a method for eliciting participation and timings of consultations to coincide with the different phases of the project cycle. All key stakeholder groups will be included keeping in view their power, interest and influence 9. The strategy identifies six stages in the project cycle -- from subprojects/roads identification through monitoring of mitigation plan implementation, which will require different participation methods, depending on the considerations suggested above. Below is a suggested format for stakeholder participation/consultation.

Suggested Format for Stakeholder Participation/Consultation Project Cycle Stakeholder Groups Participation Method Timing Identification PEA, MHAPCLG, Key Community Workshop and Group As per Members, NGOs/CBOs Consultation project Stakeholder schedule Communities, Individual stakeholders, Open and Group Discussions Consultation As per NGOs/CBOs (Religious and Ethnic project Groups, Trade Unions, etc.) schedule Social Safeguard PEA, MHAPCLG, Divisional Consultation & hotspot As Screening per Secretary, Consultant, Individual discussions with stakeholder project Stakeholders and Groups... groups & individuals schedule Safeguards Impact All Project-Affected Persons (PAPs) Survey of households & As Assessment per and Households affected assets, using project structured questionnaires schedule Detailed Design Consultants and Individual Consultation, Hot-spot As per Stakeholders Discussion project Implementation schedule PEA, MHAPCLG, MOL, Div Implementation Monitoring As per Secretary, Padeshiya Sabha, Committee project

28 Method Timin Project Cycle Stakeholder Groups Participation schedule Individual Stakeholders Monitoring As per Monitoring PEA, MHAPCLG, PS, WB and Participatory Individual Stakeholders project schedule As per PEA, MHAPCLG, PS, WB, Participation in Review and Evaluation project Stakeholders, NGOs/CBOs Monitoring schedule

Social Screening and Safeguards Impact Assessment

identification 10. Project identification stage the purpose of social screening (along with that could be of impacts of safeguards), is also to get an idea of potential positive impacts other, social reinforced to maximize the project's social development outcomes. Among screening may include the following * Who are the affecters ( dis-aggregated by gender and income levels) * Any female headed household affected * Any vulnerable group affected ( disabled, old and marginalized group) * Determine the severity of impact by groups of affectees * What fixed assets are affected ( specify physical structure) * Any land affected? * Who owns the land * How will the land be acquired ( lay down the process) * Any business or sources of livelihood affected ( provide by groups of affectees) * Indigenous groups affected? If yes, what is the severity of impact? * How will they compensated? or where * Does the Project pass through areas where there may be cultural sites Chance Finds may exist (consultations and information from archaeology department to assist)? sites, * Any possibility of the Project impacting on community property e.g. religious burial grounds, etc. If yes, how should it be compensated? * Any public utility affected (telephone/electric poles and lines, railway tracts, etc. local level * Is there a dispute mechanism available at community level for resolving disputes? If yes, specify. If no, then how are conflicts resolves informally

and census data. 11. Social screening should be done through consultation and use of secondary and non-safeguards The depth of investigation may vary in terms of significance of the safeguards serves to verify the issues. As formal community/stakeholders consultations begins, social screening and gather more feedback received from consultations and the results of stakeholder analysis, also indicates the need for and focused feedback/inputs for overall project design. Social screening will demonstrate that scope of social/impact assessment. Documentation of social screening inputs verifiable efforts have been made to minimize the project's adverse impacts. impacts and will identify 12. Social screening for RSAP will primarily focus on the safeguard would cause and the the probable types and magnitude of losses, which each of the subprojects a RP or an Abbreviated number and type of persons affected. This would indicate whether or not that have been RP, and an IPDP would be required. Screening will be done for all potential impacts

29 included in the policy frameworks, which will be assessed in greater details for preparation and implementation of the action plans.

Social Assessment and Safeguards Impact Assessment

13. Thus for preparation of Social Assessment/Impact Assessment the following activities will be undertaken:

* Community consultation and social risks screening and assessment * Census of the project-affected persons and assets * Establishment of Cut-off dates for each subproject * Analysis of the census data * Review of the mitigation policies and PAP consultation (if necessary) * Formation and operationalization of Grievance Redress Committees

Detailed social / impact assessment will be carried out for the individual subprojects. The will assist in preparing the social component of the project, validate the application of guidelines specified, identify unanticipated impacts and provide mitigation measures The exercise will also provide the baseline data for the application of the social safeguard policies.

Methodology

14. Impact assessment will utilize both qualitative and quantitative information, both of which will be gathered together. In cases of issues with widespread qualitative implications, the project will use rapid appraisal methods, such as participatory rural appraisals, focus-group discussion, key informant interviews, etc. Collection of quantitative data will rely on household surveys consisting of all affected persons/ households and affected assets under all subprojects. Both qualitative and quantitative assessments will use structured questionnaires which will be designed with respect to the following: * Socioeconomic profiles of the different categories of project affected persons, relating to household size, education, landownership, occupational structure, and other information that would indicate the extent to which loss of lands and any other income earning activities might affect the concerned households. [Will also cover the indigenous peoples.] * income and asset profile of the area * Roads located in areas inhabited by indigenous peoples, for settlement pattern, cultural characteristics, relationship with the mainstream population, land tenure, occupational structure and socioeconomic vulnerability. * Physical cultural properties, as defined in the framework, with documentation of historical and/or cultural significance. * Any safeguards triggered? Safeguards provided identified in annex 1

30 ANNEX- I SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement projects, if 1. Bank's experience indicates that involuntary resettlements under development production systems unmitigated, often gives rise to severe economic, social, and environmental risks: sources are lost; are dismantled; people face impoverishment when productive assets or income applicable and the people are relocated to environments where their productive skills may be less weakened; kin groups competition for resources greater; community institutions and social networks for mutual help are are dispersed; and cultural identity, traditional authority, and the potential risks. diminished or lost. This policy includes safeguards to address these impoverishment exploring all 2. Involuntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible, or minimized, should be planned and viable alternative project designs. Where not feasible to avoid resettlement, it PAPs to share in executed as sustainable development programs with sufficient investment to enable to participate in project benefits. Displaced persons should be consulted and have opportunities in their efforts to planning and of resettlement programs. Displaced persons should be assisted in real terms, to pre- improve their livelihood and standard of living or at least return them implementation, which displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project of asset or loss of ever is higher. This policy may be triggered by involuntary taking of land, loss access to asset or livelihood/income to land (including 3. Displaced persons may be classified into: i) those with formal legal rights customary and traditional rights recognized under the law of the country) but have a claim ii) those who do not have formal legal rights to land at the time the census begins become recognized to such land or assets provided that such claims are recognized under the law or legal right through a process identified in the resettlement plan.. iii) Those who have no recognizable or claim to the land they are occupying.

OP 4.10 Indigenous People indigenous peoples 4. The World Bank recommends that any investment project that affects the its policy OP should prepare an Indigenous Peoples' Development Plan (IPDP) consistent with will focus on 4.20 on Indigenous Peoples. As the proposed Road Sector Assistance Project (RSAP) which project components requiring only maintenance and rehabilitation and minor improvements Indigenous Peoples will be carried out on the existing alignments and is not expected to impact on an IPDP will be (IPs). However, should any Indigenous People get identified in the project area, formulated in conformity with OP 4.10 and cleared from IDA

Definition of Indigenous Peoples geographic 5. The RSAP will use the World Bank's guidelines to identify IPs in particular areas by examining the following characteristics: * Close attachment to ancestral territories and natural resources therein; of distinct * Self-identification by the IPs themselves and identification by others as members cultural groups; (even if they * Use of an indigenous language often different than the predominant language use other languages in dealing with the non-indigenous peoples);

31 * Presence of customary social and political institutions; and * Presence of a primarily subsistence production system.

6. In fostering full respect for their dignity, human rights and cultural uniqueness, a Bank- financed project has to ensure that indigenous peoples do not suffer adverse impacts in the development process, and that they receive culturally compatible social and economic benefits. The Bank policy (OP 4.10 on Indigenous Peoples) requires that the sub-projects be carefully screened to identify whether there are indigenous peoples living in the project areas, and that informed participation of the IPs themselves must be the undertaken to identify local concerns preferences and through direct consultations with the IPs and incorporation of indigenous knowledge into project planning approaches.

OPN 11.03 Management of Cultural Property

7. Physical culture includes monuments, structures, works of art, or sites of "outstanding universal value" from the historical, aesthetic, scientific, ethnological, or anthropological point of view, including unrecorded graveyards and burial sites, and unique natural environmental features like canyons and waterfalls. Within this broader definition, cultural property is defined as sites and structures having archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, or religious significance, and natural sites with cultural values.

8. The general policy objective of the World Bank (OPN 11.03 oniManagement of Cultural Property in Bank-Financed Projects) is to assist in their preservation, and seek to avoid their elimination. The Bank adheres to the following project financing policies: * The Bank finances only those projects that are sited and designed so as to prevent significant damages to non-replicable cultural property. This policy pertains to any project where the Bank is involved, irrespective of whether the Bank is itself financing the part of the project that may affect cultural property. * Deviation from this policy may be justified only where expected project benefits are great, and the loss of or damage to cultural property is judged by competent authorities to be unavoidable, minor, or otherwise acceptable. The Bank also requires a discussion with specific details for their justification in the documents. 9. Sri Lanka has a rich physical cultural heritage and sites which are inseparable parts of her political and cultural history. It is expected that the works carried out under the proposed Road Sector Assistance Project (RSAP) are unlikely to pose a risk of damaging the known cultural properties. Existing documentation of cultural property, including unique environmental sites, will be carefully reviewed during feasibility study of the new roads.

Chance Finds of Artefacts

10. Even if the new roads are aligned to avoid damages to cultural properties, chance finds of moveable and immovable cultural or historical artefacts remain during construction works. Thus, * Whenever chance finds are made during the construction of the roads, the contractor will immediately inform the project execution agency which will, in turn, inform the government department concerned with cultural property. * The project execution agency will be responsible for securing the artefacts from theft, pilferage and damage until the responsibility is taken over by the relevant authorities.

32 of * Failure to report a chance find immediately by the contractor will result in cancellation the contract and punishment according to the relevant laws. * These conditions and procedures regarding chance finds will be included as standard provisions in the construction e documented in details and made available for IDA review and other interested persons and entities.

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