70 (2): 157 – 170 © Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 2020. 2020 Channa kelaartii, a valid species of dwarf snakehead from Sri Lanka and southern peninsular India (Teleostei: Channidae) Hiranya Sudasinghe 1, 2, *, Rohan Pethiyagoda 3, Madhava Meegaskumbura 4, Kalana Maduwage 5 & Ralf Britz 6 1 Evolutionary Ecology and Systematics Lab, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka — 2 Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka — 3 Ichthyology Section, Australian Museum, 1 William Street, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia — 4 Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology & Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, P.R.C. — 5 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka — 6 Senckenberg Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden, Museum für Tierkunde, Königsbrücker Landstrasse 159, 01109 Dresden, Germany — * Correspond- ing author, e-mail:
[email protected] Submitted March 15, 2020. Accepted April 14, 2020. Published online at www.senckenberg.de/vertebrate-zoology on April 29, 2020. Published in print Q2/2020. Editor in charge: Uwe Fritz Abstract The dwarf snakehead Channa gachua (Hamilton, 1822) (type locality Bengal) has been reported from a vast range, from Iran to Taiwan, and northern India to Sri Lanka. Here, adopting an integrative taxonomic approach, we show that the Sri Lankan snakehead previously referred to as C. gachua is in fact a distinct species, for which the name C. kelaartii (Günther, 1861) is available. Widely distributed in streams and ponds throughout Sri Lanka’s lowlands, and also recorded here from the east-fowing drainages of southern peninsular India, C. kelaartii is distinguished from all the other species of the C.