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Satellite Radio: Its Global Impact

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Satellite Radio: Its Global Impact Satellite Radio: Its Global Impact TIFR Alumni Lecture By S.Rangarajan A wonder called RADIO We will stick to the definition of Radio as • Wireless Audio Delivery •Listener cannot by himself choose the contents “No wonder so many physicists started as radio tinkers, and no wonder, before physicist became a commonplace word, so many grew up thinking they might become electrical engineers” -Gleick in the biography on Richard Feynmann 1 History of Radio Technology 1888: Hertz produces EM waves 1895: Marconi transmits EM Waves 1897: Ship-to-Shore Wireless Communication 1903: First transatlantic message 1922: First Broadcast Station 1950: First FM Broadcast 1999: First Satellite Radio Broadcast 2 Science of Radio “One ought to be ashamed to make use of the wonders of science embodied in a radio set, while appreciating them as little as a cow appreciates the botanic marvels in the plants she munches.” - Albert Einstein (Aug 1930) 3 Satellite Orbits decided by Applications Types: LEO,GEO,HEO….. In a geostationary orbit the satellite is in the same direction in the sky all the time Such orbits ideal for Broadcasting Picks up signals from a fixed station and relays instantaneously to huge areas 4 Geo-stationaryGeo-stationary OrbitOrbit GEO an Equatorial Application Categories: Orbit, hence no FSS, MSS, BSS, DAB… coverage for polar regions 5 Link Design Considerations A*B/C > Threshold, Where A is the satellite transmit characteristics, determined by state-of art satellite power, coverage area; B is Receive characteristics, determined by size and cost of the receive system; C is propagation characteristics. Majority GEO satellites (C & Ku) choose B values corresponding to DTH (1 foot antennas) or higher DAB satellites address Direct-to-Person and hence have B values 100 times lower. Hence, link margin requires A to be 100 times more. Also, DAB satellites incorporate several digital processing techniques 6 DAB Satellites Spectrum L-band S-band Audio Compression MPEG AAC+ RF Design Propagation Models TDM, MCM, OFDM Examples WorldSpace XM Sirius MBSAT 7 Satellite Radio: A Confluence of Technologies Video Audio Virtual Scalable RR ittee Classroom aadd lllli iioo ttee SSaa IInn al tt ttal eerr Live Delivery ii nn Digital iigg eett DD Library Targets Select Multiple User Audiences Terminals 8 Basic System Architecture Geo-Stationary High-powered Satellites • Processed and Transparent Payloads • Solar-Powered New Digital Portable Receivers Broadcasters • Direct Reception • Common Hub through Small • Individual VSAT-like Detachable Antenna Ground Control • Digital Quality Facilities • Proprietary Chipset • Telemetry, Command, with MPEG-2, Layer 3 and Ranging Stations Encoding • Mission Control • Multimedia Capability Provides a complete end-to-end network 9 Terrestrial MCM Single Frequency Network LOS to Satellite elv 2 elv Coverage Center elv Repeater Coverage Region 3 1 D All SFN Stations Are Equipped With A TDM/MCM Transcoder D Radiated MCM Signals Synchronized Relative To Center of Coverage 10 Growth of Satellite Radio in the US In the US there are two systems providing DAB: XM and Sirius Both use S-band and both have terrestrial augmentation XM has 3 GEO satellites; Sirius uses 3 HEO (Tundra orbit) satellites XM started Sep 2001 and has >5 million subscribers Sirius started July 2002 and has > 2 million subscribers Both provide >100 radio channels, unique formats, commercial-free, local traffic information etc OEM partnerships with automobile industry 11 WorldSpace Coverage In Service In Service 12 Revival of the Radio For those on the Move (land/sea/air) For those occupied otherwise For the illiterate For kids For Teaching …… 13 Audio: How it can be used Satellite Audio Uplink to Satellite Uplink Station Transmission to Audio Receivers Live/Recorded Emergency Preparedness Individual Village Classroom Content : – Locally & regionally relevant – Culturally appropriate – Practical & solution-oriented – Balanced & accurate/non-political 14 Technology to aid Education 15 Teaching with Audio More human and personal than Print or web Extempore Delivery and the novelty that goes with it Intonation,Phrasing & Pacing that are not easily brought out in print or on the web The Synchronous Data Channel adds a new Dimension to the delivery 16 Integration with existing systems: •Pilot Experiment in west coast of India, 2000-01 •80 boats fitted with WorldSpace reception - Encased in water proof enclosure - Powered from the boat - Additional 8W amplifier - Pretuned to the assigned channel •Warning messages in MP3 format via Internet to the uplink site •Boats into the sea up to 200 miles •Valuable experience gained in designing the full system Cyclone Warning System for Fisherman out at Sea •Pilot Experiment in west coast of India, 2000-01 •80 boats fitted with WorldSpace reception - Encased in water proof enclosure - Powered from the boat - Additional 8W amplifier - Pretuned to the assigned channel •Warning messages in MP3 format via Internet to the uplink site •Boats into the sea up to 200 miles •Valuable experience gained in designing the full system WorldSpace Reception on a Fishing Boat •Pilot Experiment in west coast of India, 2000-01 •80 boats fitted with WorldSpace reception - Encased in water proof enclosure - Powered from the boat - Additional 8W amplifier - Pretuned to the assigned channel •Warning messages in MP3 format via Internet to the uplink site •Boats into the sea up to 200 miles •Valuable experience gained in designing the full system Audio Broadcasting for Emergency Relief Equal Access Afghanistan & Nepal Indonesia Distance Learning and Disaster Relief Radio Dramas India Reconstruction and Relief 20 Data Services How the availability of the DAB system can be flexibly exploited 21 Power of Information & Communication Technologies Information Communications Technologies From Immediate Disaster Relief to Long-term Development “With most information technology innovations, we have constantly overestimated the speed with which they will unfold and underestimated their eventual impact.” -Bill Gates 22 Information Vs. Communication Divide Bridging the Information Divide (One to Many, public) Commonality of Information requirements Content has to be based on local needs Need for low cost connectivity solutions Bridging the Communication Divide (One to One, private) Needs local-loop connectivity (Fiber, cable, WLL…) Economics strongly varies from place to place Two-way communication not a precondition for narrowing the digital divide Selective and secure Information delivery is a major catalyst for development 23 Multimedia: How it can be used •Internet-type downloads without an Internet connection Multimedia adapter converts receiver to modem for download of data from satellite to computer Uplink Station Internet Receiver + MMS Adaptor + computer 24 Using Data Broadcast by Satellite to transfer web pages Local Area Network Cache Dial-up Equipment Proxy Server Telephone Network Collection of relatively stable Using satellite radio web pages on DVD One can do away with the last-mile problem 25 And scale the solution CLASS: Combined Live Audio & Slide Show What is ...??? Questions via Internet, phone, pager Classroom Teacher 26 Several Applications…. Virtual Classroom(all levels) “Best” teacher to reach all Teacher Training (pre or in service) Supplementary school material Professional Needs (e.g. health workers) Radio for Infotainment Community Information Kiosk 27 Digital Data Signage POS advertising, Product/brand promotions Retail industry “While-you-wait” messaging Hospitality industry Lounges in bars, restaurants, casinos, hotels and resorts Personal service industry Waiting areas in banking, laundry, grooming and health care (doctors, dentists, hospitals) Public spaces Airports, bus/train stations, malls, movie theaters, museums and convention centers, pedestrian and highway billboards Esoteric - Elevators and buses, trucks, and taxis 28 Mobile Broadcast: Satellite Weather Information System Applications Overview WorldSpace Incoming data files from Satellite Jeppesen 64 kbps Internet Real-time graphic PFLS display in cockpit SWIS Server 29 Health Information Delivery Doctors - Better service, easier/convenient access to latest information Institutes - Better service, training for medical staff, easier access to latest information Students - Data on specific topics, easier access Pharmaceuticals - delivery of information including pricing and new product updates Cost effective, efficient way accessing focused medical and health information 30 Multimedia Delivery Also on the service: •Emergency Meteorological First Voice Multi-Media Information Service in Africa and Asia •Governance •Health •Teacher training resources •Agriculture Community workers in 34 centers in rural Eastern Africa receiving NRM data Meteorologists and rural extension workers in Africa and Asia/Pacific Island Nations receive hourly updates of climate information 31 RANET Initiative: Radio and Internet for the Communication of Hydro-Meteorological and Related Information Critical and timely information on: Disaster Relief Meteorology Via Multi-Media Service to many nations across Africa and Asia/the Pacific 32 Coexistence of different Radio Systems AM/FM: Primary Formats; Inexpensive radios Satellite Channels: Specialized Formats; Diversity in sparsely- populated areas; Possible multi-media delivery where Internet is poor Internet Channels: Allows to engage more deeply and more directly Podcasting: Allows special contents shared among closed user groups Even though satellite radio was designed to meet the needs of the affluent mobile customer of uninterrupted, high-quality reception of a variety of formats, the design allows to adapt the same for community needs and one-way delivery of digital contents to multiple destinations selectively, securely and reliably. 33.
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