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APPENDIX A

THE SUMMARY OF MAY SINCLAIR'S THE THREE SISTERS

The story begins with the Cataret's family early stays in the village of

Garthdale. The vicar family just moved in five months ago from London. The family moving from a big city to a small village of Garthdale is in the purpose of cure treatment for their younger member of family, Alice Cataret. In her twenty three years old age, she gets pneumonia and anemia, she need fresh air environment to keep her health. The village seem bored for her, nobody knows what Mary Cataret, the oldest sister, feels about it, but it is amusing for the number two sister' Gwendolen Cataret, or they calls her Gwenda. She is twenty five years old, two years younger than the number one sister. In her appearance she looks different compared with her other two sisters, she is tallest and darkest than her sisters, she also the only one who has dark blue eyes, in the family, they are all grey. The differences in the way she looks like also emphasized the impression the writer want to put on Gwenda as the strongest, independent, and intelligent among the sisters. Unlike the other two sisters, Gwenda loves the place, she loves the village's nature, she likes to walk over the moors, to see the sheep or the moon wakes up from Garthdale.

Gwenda has the taste and sense for nature, and outdoor sport activity, while the other two sisters not. Mary prefers the womanly activity for her leisure time, such as sewing. Alice or Ally, the younger one, she is the weakest among the other two, prefer to day dreaming all day, sitting on a coach and seeing

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her white hands, but sometimes she plays piano to reduce the anxiety feeling in her mood. The first five chapter of the story tells about the background and physical description of the main protagonists.

Until on a day, when the three sisters sit in their drawing room, Mary sews,

Gwenda reads, and Ally day dreams. Their father, Mr. James Cataret, upstairs in his office. All of them in the house hear the clanking hoof of Dr. Steven

Rowcliffe's horse, they all know he is going to visit old Greatorex who is dying of pneumonia, some days later he is death, he left his only son John Greatorex, whom later has saved Alice's life by marrying her. However, at the sound of Dr.

Rowcliffe's carriage, the three sisters have made up their own mind thinking about this young doctor. The three of them gets crush on him. He just moves in from

Leeds to the near village of Morfe. He is about thirty-five years old, young, handsome, empathic, and a doctor with good capability. Many women around him gets attract to him, but he has seen Gwenda, and in love with her since his first meeting with her, when she walks over the moor of Karva on his ways back home on his carriage. And there are many other times he sees her, but he feels she even does not consider about his existence, she seems to be absorbed on herself and her activity. Until one day, Gwenda goes to his house to invite him to make an examination on her younger sister, Alice. However, before Gwenda, Mary has visited Dr. Rowcliffe without her knowing about her sister going, Mary also has set her eye on Dr. Rowcliffe.

Furthermore, since their first meeting in Dr. Rowcliffe's house, Gwenda and him starts a close relationship. Mr. James Cataret, the father knows about it 139

and he feels not happy about it. He is afraid, afraid of Gwenda, the only daughter who gives her the most trouble. She is smart and strong, capable to do anything is his term for her. The thinking of Gwenda marries the young doctor, has frighten him. If she marries him, he will keep her straight, that the frighten thing Mr.

Cataret wants to avoid. Therefore, he makes up a plan, he tells his younger daughter about the love relationship, he knows that Alice falls in love with the young doctor; he also knows what will happen next if Alice finds out about

Gwenda and Steven Rowcliffe relationship, he knows the effect. And it does as he predicts before, soon as Alice sees herself that Rowcliffe and Gwenda walk together over the moors, she gets ill, the hard one than before. The next day, Dr.

Rowcliffe comes to the house and examines her; he diagnoses a hysteria case of neurotic anxiety. From Dr. Rowcliffe, Gwenda knows about Alice dying, that she will go mad or die if not marries. Dr. Rowcliffe does not know about Alice's infatuation on him, but Gwenda knows, therefore she decides to leave her lover for her dying sister, to save her life. Gwenda is going to London, Dr. Rowcliffe never knows the real reason why Gwenda leaves him and refuses his marriage proposal, the only thing he knows that for a woman like Gwenda, liberty is the most important thing above everything she should have in the world, as she says it her self, some couple time ago.

While Gwenda in London, Mary chase after the young doctor who is trapped into her sensual femininity, the type of women that men idealized, as

Mary has think on her plan, and she has him. Mary gets Dr. Steven Rowcliffe in her sweetness and goodness. 140

Somehow, Alice realizes that Gwenda's going to London to stay with

Mummy is because of her. Therefore, she repressed the infatuation desire to Dr.

Rowcliffe, and prefers to marry a rough drunken landfarmer man, John Greatorex.

The father, Mr. James Cataret, gets heart attack at the hearing the news, it happens after Mary's marriage with Dr. Rowcliffe. Gwenda has betrayed by her lover, sisters, and uselessly sacrifice her love for her dying sister.

Gwenda stays back in the house to take care her dependent half paralyzed father. She used to be the one who give most trouble, but she proves to be the devotional one to her father. As his father thought, he never knows what might

Gwenda does, but she capable to do anything she wants to. She lives with the dependent father in monotonous daily routines, in the village she used to love, but now she is afraid of, because it shares her fear as she beaten, naked, blackened by the stormy tragic things occurs in her life. Further, there is a time in the first year of his marriage with Mary, Dr. Steven Rowcliffe plays as cruel husband to her. In other side, he shows his love for Gwenda by chasing after her. But Gwenda strong-willed-self refuses the temptation, instead she becomes a furious reader, channeling her energy of the passion for life.

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APPENDIX B

I. Life account of May Sinclair

May Sinclair was the pseudonym of Mary Amelia St. Clair (1862 - 1946), a popular British writer. She was known for two dozen novels, short stories and poetry. She was an active suffragist, and member of the Woman Writers' Suffrage

League. She was also a significant critic, in the area of modernist poetry and prose; the term stream of consciousness, in its literary sense, is attributed to her.

She was born in Rock Ferry, Cheshire. Her father was a Liverpool ship owner, who went bankrupt, became an alcoholic, and died before she was an adult. Her mother was strict and religious; the family moved to Ilford on the edge of London. After one year of education at Cheltenham Ladies College, she acted as care giver for her brothers (four of five, all older and all suffering from a fatal congenital heart disease). From 1896 she wrote professionally, to support herself and her mother, who died in 1901. She treated a number of themes relating to the position of women, and marriage. She also wrote non-fiction based on studies of philosophy, particularly German idealism. Her works sold well in the United

States. Around 1913, at the Medico-Psychological Clinic in London, she became interested in psychoanalytic thought, and introduced matter related to Sigmund

Freud's teaching in her novels. In 1914 she volunteered for ambulance duty in

Belgium, at the start of World War I. She was able to endure only a few weeks at the front; she wrote about the experience in both prose and poetry. She wrote early criticism on Imagism and the poet H. D. (1915 in The Egoist); she was on social 142

terms with H. D., Richard Aldington and Ezra Pound at the time. She reviewed positively also the poetry of T. S. Eliot (1917 in the Little Review) and the fiction of Dorothy Richardson (1918 in The Egoist). It was in connection with

Richardson that she introduced 'stream of consciousness' as a literary term, which was very generally adopted. Some aspects of Sinclair's subsequent novels have been traced as influenced by modernist techniques, particularly in the autobiographical Mary Olivier: A Life (1919). She was included in the 1925

Contact Collection of Contemporary Writers. She was a member of the Society for Psychical Research from 1914. Some supernatural fiction devices appear in her shorter fiction. From the late 1920s she was suffering from the early signs of

Parkinson's disease, and ceased writing. She settled with a companion in

Buckinghamshire in 1932, and died on 1946.

II. Works of May Sinclair

 Nakiketas and other poems (1886) as Julian Sinclair

 Essays in Verse (1892)  Audrey Craven (1897)  Mr and Mrs Nevill Tyson (1897) also The Tysons  Two Sides Of A Question (1901)  The Divine Fire (1904)  The Helpmate (1907)  The Judgment of Eve (1907) stories  The Immortal Moment (1908)  Outlines of Church History by Rudolf Sohm (1909) translator  The Creators (1910)  The Flaw in the Crystal (1912)  The Three Brontes (1912)  Feminism (1912) pamphlet for Women’s Suffrage League  The Combined Maze (1913)  The Three Sisters (1914)  The Return of the Prodigal (1914)  A Journal of Impressions in Belgium (1915)  The Belfry (1916) 143

 Tasker Jevons: The Real Story (1916)  The Tree of Heaven (1917)  A Defense of Idealism : Some Questions & Conclusions (1917)  Mary Olivier: A Life (1919)  The Romantic (1920)  Mr. Waddington of Wyck (1921)  Life and Death of Harriett Frean (1922)  Anne Severn and the Fieldings (1922)  The New Idealism (1922)  Uncanny Stories (1923)  A Cure of Souls (1924)  The Dark Night: A Novel in Unrhymed Verse (1924)  Arnold Waterlow (1924)  The Rector of Wyck (1925)  Far End (1926)  The Allinghams (1927)  History of Anthony Waring (1927)  Fame (1929)  Tales Told by Simpson (1930) stories  The Intercessor, and Other Stories (1931)

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