DOCSLIB.ORG

TRACING ORDER in SEEMING CHAOS: UNDERSTANDING the INFORMAL and VIOLENT POLITICAL ORDER of KARACHI By

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
TRACING ORDER in SEEMING CHAOS: UNDERSTANDING the INFORMAL and VIOLENT POLITICAL ORDER of KARACHI By TRACING ORDER IN SEEMING CHAOS: UNDERSTANDING THE INFORMAL AND VIOLENT POLITICAL ORDER OF KARACHI by Nazia Hussain A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of George Mason University in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Policy Committee: Louise Shelley, Chair Desmond Arias Terrence Lyons Janine Wedel Marvin Weinbaum, External Reader Kenneth Button, Program Director Mark J. Rozell, Dean Date: Spring Semester 2016 George Mason University Arlington, VA Tracing Order in Seeming Chaos: Understanding the Informal and Violent Political Order of Karachi A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at George Mason University by Nazia Hussain Master of Arts Boston University, 2007 Director: Louise Shelley, Professor Department of Public Policy Spring Semester 2016 George Mason University Arlington, VA This work is licensed under a creative commons attribution-noderivs 3.0 unported license. ii DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to the people of Karachi and my parents. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I owe a debt of gratitude to faculty at SPGIA and especially to my committee. Prof. Shelley has been a rock of strength throughout my stay at Mason as well as shared her knowledge of challenges that lie at the nexus of crime, terror and corruption. Working with her at TraCCC was an extremely valuable experience. Prof. Desmond Arias generously shared his knowledge of violent and crime-ridden cities in Latin America which helped me crystalize my argument. Conversations and feedback from Prof. Terence Lyons laid down the seeds of this dissertation. His knowledge of Africa and conflict was immensely useful in adding depth to my argument. Prof. Janine Wedel’s scholarship and support helped me in remaining attentive to the dynamism of the problem at hand. In addition, her support lent to efforts for creating a space for qualitative methods at SPGIA was invaluable. My external reader, Prof. Marvin Weinbaum, a leading authority on South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, was gracious to share his incisive feedback which helped in improving my work. Although Prof. Pfiffner was not on my committee, I would like to thank him for his support, guidance and generosity towards me and my work. In addition, I am extremely grateful to Assistant Dean for Program Management, Elizabeth Eck for her support and guidance throughout my time at Mason. I also owe thanks to Director PhD Student Services, Shannon Hettler who helped through her guidance and kindness. I am also grateful to a number of people in Karachi who assisted me in my field work. Lastly, I am thankful to my brother, Zafar and best friend, Melissa, who supported me throughout this journey. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Figures .................................................................................................................. viii Abstract ............................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 3 Not a Breakdown of Governance: Emergence of an Informal and Violent Political Order ................................................................................................................................ 4 Evolution of Karachi and the State ................................................................................. 7 New Actors and Diverse Networks ............................................................................... 10 Social and Political Learning by Political Actors ......................................................... 12 Central Themes ............................................................................................................. 14 Urban Trends: Megacities in Developing Countries ................................................. 15 Governance in Megacities of Developing Countries ................................................. 16 Urban Informality ...................................................................................................... 19 Goals of Research .......................................................................................................... 20 Research Problem .......................................................................................................... 21 Research Method for Data Collection and Analysis ..................................................... 24 Existing Scholarship and Contribution of this Dissertation .......................................... 25 An Overview of Chapters .............................................................................................. 28 Understanding Informal Violent Political Orders in Megacities in Developing Countries: An Alternative Conceptualization ..................................................................................... 29 Breakdown of Governance? Key Arguments in Policy Literature ............................... 32 Normative Underpinnings of Policy Literature and Competing Explanations ............. 35 An Alternative Framework to Understand Governance in Cities with High Incidence of Crime, Violence, and Deregulated Service Provision ................................................... 40 Shared expectations are dependent on wider contexts .............................................. 43 State- produced Informality ....................................................................................... 51 Negotiability of Formal-Informal Boundaries ........................................................... 56 Informal and Violent Political Order of Karachi ....................................................... 60 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 65 Methodology ..................................................................................................................... 67 Research Question ......................................................................................................... 67 v Reasoning for Case Study Method ................................................................................ 68 Case Selection ............................................................................................................... 69 Method of Analysis: Process Tracing ........................................................................... 70 Doing Process Tracing............................................................................................... 71 Causal Mechanisms ................................................................................................... 73 Data Sources .................................................................................................................. 77 Newspapers ................................................................................................................ 78 Academic and Non-Academic Literature .................................................................. 79 Field Research ........................................................................................................... 80 Semi-Structured Interviews ....................................................................................... 81 Data Analysis ............................................................................................................. 85 Purpose of Research ...................................................................................................... 86 Karachi: A Brief History ................................................................................................... 89 Major trends in Karachi: Pre-colonial and Colonial Rule ............................................. 89 Centrality as a trade route and transit of opium ......................................................... 90 Migration Trends ....................................................................................................... 92 Autochthonous claims ............................................................................................... 93 Intermediaries between the rulers and the ruled ........................................................ 96 Karachi: from 1947-1988 .................................................................................................. 99 Migration flows, Housing Issues, and Ethnic Grievances .......................................... 100 Ethnic Grievances .................................................................................................... 102 Housing .................................................................................................................... 104 Turning Point: the Zia-ul-Haq years (1978-88) .......................................................... 109 Afghan Jihad and ‘Islamization’: Permissive and Productive Conditions .............. 110 Increase in Violence ................................................................................................ 113 Impact of the Drug Trade on Crime Groups and Informal Housing ....................... 116 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 118 The Making of an Informal and Violent Political Order: 1988-2013 ............................. 119 I-The decade of democracy: 1990s ............................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Askari Bank Limited List of Shareholders (W/Out Cnic) As of December 31, 2017
    ASKARI BANK LIMITED LIST OF SHAREHOLDERS (W/OUT CNIC) AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2017 S. NO. FOLIO NO. NAME OF SHAREHOLDERS ADDRESSES OF THE SHAREHOLDERS NO. OF SHARES 1 9 MR. MOHAMMAD SAEED KHAN 65, SCHOOL ROAD, F-7/4, ISLAMABAD. 336 2 10 MR. SHAHID HAFIZ AZMI 17/1 6TH GIZRI LANE, DEFENCE HOUSING AUTHORITY, PHASE-4, KARACHI. 3280 3 15 MR. SALEEM MIAN 344/7, ROSHAN MANSION, THATHAI COMPOUND, M.A. JINNAH ROAD, KARACHI. 439 4 21 MS. HINA SHEHZAD C/O MUHAMMAD ASIF THE BUREWALA TEXTILE MILLS LTD 1ST FLOOR, DAWOOD CENTRE, M.T. KHAN ROAD, P.O. 10426, KARACHI. 470 5 42 MR. M. RAFIQUE B.R.1/27, 1ST FLOOR, JAFFRY CHOWK, KHARADHAR, KARACHI. 9382 6 49 MR. JAN MOHAMMED H.NO. M.B.6-1728/733, RASHIDABAD, BILDIA TOWN, MAHAJIR CAMP, KARACHI. 557 7 55 MR. RAFIQ UR REHMAN PSIB PRIVATE LIMITED, 17-B, PAK CHAMBERS, WEST WHARF ROAD, KARACHI. 305 8 57 MR. MUHAMMAD SHUAIB AKHUNZADA 262, SHAMI ROAD, PESHAWAR CANTT. 1919 9 64 MR. TAUHEED JAN ROOM NO.435, BLOCK-A, PAK SECRETARIAT, ISLAMABAD. 8530 10 66 MS. NAUREEN FAROOQ KHAN 90, MARGALA ROAD, F-8/2, ISLAMABAD. 5945 11 67 MR. ERSHAD AHMED JAN C/O BANK OF AMERICA, BLUE AREA, ISLAMABAD. 2878 12 68 MR. WASEEM AHMED HOUSE NO.485, STREET NO.17, CHAKLALA SCHEME-III, RAWALPINDI. 5945 13 71 MS. SHAMEEM QUAVI SIDDIQUI 112/1, 13TH STREET, PHASE-VI, DEFENCE HOUSING AUTHORITY, KARACHI-75500. 2695 14 74 MS. YAZDANI BEGUM HOUSE NO.A-75, BLOCK-13, GULSHAN-E-IQBAL, KARACHI.
    [Show full text]
  • Policing Urban Violence in Pakistan
    Policing Urban Violence in Pakistan Asia Report N°255 | 23 January 2013 International Crisis Group Headquarters Avenue Louise 149 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i Recommendations..................................................................................................................... iii I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. Peshawar: The Militant Gateway ..................................................................................... 3 A. Demographics, Geography and Security ................................................................... 3 B. Post-9/11 KPK ............................................................................................................ 5 C. The Taliban and Peshawar ......................................................................................... 6 D. The Sectarian Dimension ........................................................................................... 9 E. Peshawar’s No-Man’s Land ....................................................................................... 11 F. KPK’s Policy Response ............................................................................................... 12 III. Quetta: A Dangerous Junction ........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Sindh Board of Technical Education St-22, Block-6, Gulshan-E-Iqbal, University Road, Karachi : 99244278 99243329 - 30 Fax 99244166
    SINDH BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION ST-22, BLOCK-6, GULSHAN-E-IQBAL, UNIVERSITY ROAD, KARACHI www.sbte.edu.pk : 99244278 99243329 - 30 FAX 99244166 AFFILIATED INSTITUTE WITH SINDH BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION IN RESPECT OF D.I.T, D.C.B.M, C.I.T & OTHERS COMPUTER COURSES PUBLIC & PRIVATE SECTORS SR.NO. NAME OF INSTITUTE AND ADDRESS TRADE VALID UP TO CONTECT & FAX NO WEB SITE & E-MAIL REMARK ADDRESS 1. Gorakh Institute Of Science & Technology, Jagatabad D.C.B.M. 31-12-2012 0254-710113 Not Available Mohalla, Old Moro Road, Dadu. D.I.T 0300-3645129 2. Indus Institute Of Science &Technology, House No D.C.B.M 31-12-2011 0297-742003 Not Available 24/3, Ahsaan Shah Colony, Matli D.I.T 31-12-2010 0345-3617917 3. Govt. Institute Of Business & Commercial Education, D.C.B.M 31-12-2011 025-9200225 Not Available Court Road, Dadu. 0333-7062803 4. Rise Institute Of Information, Technology, D.I.T 31-12-2011 0333-7071355 Not Available Chandi Chowk, Dadu, Sindh. 5. Govt. College Of Technology, D.I.T 31-12-2011 022-9240124 Not Available New Sindh Mesium, Wahdat Colony, Hyderabd. D.C.B.M Fax 022-9240122 6. Nazar Ali Kalani Institute Of Technology, C.I.T. 31-12-2011 021-35498581 Not Available C-22,2-1a, Sector Iv, Block -19, Gulistan-E-Jauhar, AUTO CAD 021-35949056 Karachi 0333-2156924 7. Sabheeta Academy Of Computer Science. Gambhat. D.I.T. In Process Not Available 8. Apeco Institute Of Arts & Technology, Plot No.
    [Show full text]
  • Health Bulletin July.Pdf
    July, 2014 - Volume: 2, Issue: 7 IN THIS BULLETIN HIGHLIGHTS: Polio spread feared over mass displacement 02 English News 2-7 Dengue: Mosquito larva still exists in Pindi 02 Lack of coordination hampering vaccination of NWA children 02 Polio Cases Recorded 8 Delayed security nods affect polio drives in city 02 Combating dengue: Fumigation carried out in rural areas 03 Health Profile: 9-11 U.A.E. polio campaign vaccinates 2.5 million children in 21 areas in Pakistan 03 District Multan Children suffer as Pakistan battles measles epidemic 03 Health dept starts registering IDPs to halt polio spread 04 CDA readies for dengue fever season 05 Maps 12,14,16 Ulema declare polio immunization Islamic 05 Polio virus detected in Quetta linked to Sukkur 05 Articles 13,15 Deaths from vaccine: Health minister suspends 17 officials for negligence 05 Polio vaccinators return to Bara, Pakistan, after five years 06 Urdu News 17-21 Sewage samples polio positive 06 Six children die at a private hospital 06 06 Health Directory 22-35 Another health scare: Two children infected with Rubella virus in Jalozai Camp Norwegian funding for polio eradication increased 07 MULTAN HEALTH FACILITIES ADULT HEALTH AND CARE - PUNJAB MAPS PATIENTS TREATED IN MULTAN DIVISION MULTAN HEALTH FACILITIES 71°26'40"E 71°27'30"E 71°28'20"E 71°29'10"E 71°30'0"E 71°30'50"E BUZDAR CLINIC TAYYABA BISMILLAH JILANI Rd CLINIC AMNA FAMILY il BLOOD CLINIC HOSPITAL Ja d M BANK R FATEH MEDICAL MEDICAL NISHTER DENTAL Legend l D DENTAL & ORAL SURGEON a & DENTAL STORE MEDICAL COLLEGE A RABBANI n COMMUNITY AND HOSPITAL a CLINIC R HOSPITALT C HEALTH GULZAR HOSPITAL u "' Basic Health Unit d g CENTER NAFEES MEDICARE AL MINHAJ FAMILY MULTAN BURN UNIT PSYCHIATRIC h UL QURAN la MATERNITY HOME CLINIC ZAFAR q op Blood Bank N BLOOD BANK r ishta NIAZ CLINIC R i r a Rd X-RAY SIYAL CLINIC d d d SHAHAB k a Saddiqia n R LABORATORY FAROOQ k ÷Ó o Children Hospital d DECENT NISHTAR a .
    [Show full text]
  • Unpaid Dividend-16-17-I2 (PDF)
    Note: This sheet is applicable for uploading the particulars related to the unclaimed and unpaid amount pending with company. Make sure that the details are in accordance with the information already provided in e-form IEPF-2 CIN/BCIN L72200KA1999PLC025564 Prefill Company/Bank Name MINDTREE LIMITED Date Of AGM(DD-MON-YYYY) 17-JUL-2018 Sum of unpaid and unclaimed dividend 737532.00 Sum of interest on matured debentures 0.00 Sum of matured deposit 0.00 Sum of interest on matured deposit 0.00 Sum of matured debentures 0.00 Sum of interest on application money due for refund 0.00 Sum of application money due for refund 0.00 Redemption amount of preference shares 0.00 Sales proceed for fractional shares 0.00 Validate Clear Proposed Date of Investor First Investor Middle Investor Last Father/Husband Father/Husband Father/Husband Last DP Id-Client Id- Amount Address Country State District Pin Code Folio Number Investment Type transfer to IEPF Name Name Name First Name Middle Name Name Account Number transferred (DD-MON-YYYY) 49/2 4TH CROSS 5TH BLOCK MIND00000000AZ00 Amount for unclaimed and A ANAND NA KORAMANGALA BANGALORE INDIA Karnataka 560095 72.00 24-Feb-2024 2539 unpaid dividend KARNATAKA 69 I FLOOR SANJEEVAPPA LAYOUT MIND00000000AZ00 Amount for unclaimed and A ANTONY FELIX NA MEG COLONY JAIBHARATH NAGAR INDIA Karnataka 560033 72.00 24-Feb-2024 2646 unpaid dividend BANGALORE PLOT NO 10 AIYSSA GARDEN IN301637-41195970- Amount for unclaimed and A BALAN NA LAKSHMINAGAR MAELAMAIYUR INDIA Tamil Nadu 603002 400.00 24-Feb-2024 0000 unpaid dividend
    [Show full text]
  • BATTLE-SCARRED and DIRTY: US ARMY TACTICAL LEADERSHIP in the MEDITERRANEAN THEATER, 1942-1943 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial
    BATTLE-SCARRED AND DIRTY: US ARMY TACTICAL LEADERSHIP IN THE MEDITERRANEAN THEATER, 1942-1943 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Steven Thomas Barry Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2011 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Allan R. Millett, Adviser Dr. John F. Guilmartin Dr. John L. Brooke Copyright by Steven T. Barry 2011 Abstract Throughout the North African and Sicilian campaigns of World War II, the battalion leadership exercised by United States regular army officers provided the essential component that contributed to battlefield success and combat effectiveness despite deficiencies in equipment, organization, mobilization, and inadequate operational leadership. Essentially, without the regular army battalion leaders, US units could not have functioned tactically early in the war. For both Operations TORCH and HUSKY, the US Army did not possess the leadership or staffs at the corps level to consistently coordinate combined arms maneuver with air and sea power. The battalion leadership brought discipline, maturity, experience, and the ability to translate common operational guidance into tactical reality. Many US officers shared the same ―Old Army‖ skill sets in their early career. Across the Army in the 1930s, these officers developed familiarity with the systems and doctrine that would prove crucial in the combined arms operations of the Second World War. The battalion tactical leadership overcame lackluster operational and strategic guidance and other significant handicaps to execute the first Mediterranean Theater of Operations campaigns. Three sets of factors shaped this pivotal group of men. First, all of these officers were shaped by pre-war experiences.
    [Show full text]
  • PAKISTAN NEWS DIGEST July 2020
    July 2020 PAKISTAN NEWS DIGEST July 2020 A Select Summary of News, Views and Trends from the Pakistani Media Prepared by Dr. Zainab Akhter Dr. Nazir Ahmad Mir Dr. Mohammad Eisa Dr. Ashok Behuria MANOHAR PARRIKAR INSTITUTE FOR DEFENCE STUDIES AND ANALYSES 1-Development Enclave, Near USI Delhi Cantonment, New Delhi-110010 PAKISTAN NEWS DIGEST, July 2020 CONTENTS POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS ........................................................................... 06 ECONOMIC ISSSUES............................................................................................ 08 SECURITY SITUATION ........................................................................................ 11 PROVINCES &REGIONS Balochistan ................................................................................................................. 13 GB ................................................................................................................................ 15 URDU & ELECTRONIC MEDIA Urdu ............................................................................................................................ 20 Electronic .................................................................................................................... 27 STATISTICS BOMBINGS, SHOOTINGS AND DISAPPEARANCES ...................................... 29 MP-IDSA, New Delhi 1 POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS Dangerous delusions, Zahid Hussain, Dawn, 01 July1 Speaking at a dinner for coalition lawmakers recently, the prime minister had boasted: “we are the only choice”. Maybe
    [Show full text]
  • Style Attacks and the Threat from Lashkar-E-Taiba
    PROTECTING THE HOMELAND AGAINST MUMBAI- STYLE ATTACKS AND THE THREAT FROM LASHKAR-E-TAIBA HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON COUNTERTERRORISM AND INTELLIGENCE OF THE COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED THIRTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION JUNE 12, 2013 Serial No. 113–21 Printed for the use of the Committee on Homeland Security Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/ U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 85–686 PDF WASHINGTON : 2013 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY MICHAEL T. MCCAUL, Texas, Chairman LAMAR SMITH, Texas BENNIE G. THOMPSON, Mississippi PETER T. KING, New York LORETTA SANCHEZ, California MIKE ROGERS, Alabama SHEILA JACKSON LEE, Texas PAUL C. BROUN, Georgia YVETTE D. CLARKE, New York CANDICE S. MILLER, Michigan, Vice Chair BRIAN HIGGINS, New York PATRICK MEEHAN, Pennsylvania CEDRIC L. RICHMOND, Louisiana JEFF DUNCAN, South Carolina WILLIAM R. KEATING, Massachusetts TOM MARINO, Pennsylvania RON BARBER, Arizona JASON CHAFFETZ, Utah DONDALD M. PAYNE, JR., New Jersey STEVEN M. PALAZZO, Mississippi BETO O’ROURKE, Texas LOU BARLETTA, Pennsylvania TULSI GABBARD, Hawaii CHRIS STEWART, Utah FILEMON VELA, Texas RICHARD HUDSON, North Carolina STEVEN A. HORSFORD, Nevada STEVE DAINES, Montana ERIC SWALWELL, California SUSAN W. BROOKS, Indiana SCOTT PERRY, Pennsylvania MARK SANFORD, South Carolina GREG HILL, Chief of Staff MICHAEL GEFFROY, Deputy Chief of Staff/Chief Counsel MICHAEL S. TWINCHEK, Chief Clerk I. LANIER AVANT, Minority Staff Director SUBCOMMITTEE ON COUNTERTERRORISM AND INTELLIGENCE PETER T.
    [Show full text]
  • LIST of POLLING STATIONS for a CONSTITUENCY of Election to the Provincial Assembly of the Sindh PS-116 KARACHI WEST-V
    ELECTION COMMISSION OF PAKISTAN FORM-28 [see rule 50] LIST OF POLLING STATIONS FOR A CONSTITUENCY OF Election to the Provincial Assembly of the Sindh PS-116 KARACHI WEST-V Number of voters as igned to In Case of Rural Areas In Case of Urban Areas Number of polling booths S. No. of voters polling station on the electoral No. and Name of Polling Sr. No. roll in case Station Census Block Census Block Name of Electoral Areas Name of Electoral Areas electoral area is Male Female Total Male Female Total Code Code bifurcated 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Islam Nagar 408010101 - 0 423 207 630 1 Babul Ilam Sec School Islam Nagar 408010102 - - 0 356 0 356 2 1 3 Islam Nagar 408010108 -- 0 302 0 302 1 Total - -- 1081 207 1288 2 1 3 Islam Nagar 408010103 - 0 284 0 284 Islam Nagar 408010104 - - 0 234 0 234 Islam Nagar 408010105 0 117 0 117 2 Babul Ilam Sec School 3 0 3 Islam Nagar 408010106 0 211 0 211 Islam Nagar 408010107 -- 0 461 0 461 Islam Nagar 408010109 -- 0 201 0 201 2 Total - - 1508 0 1508 3 0 3 Islam Nagar 408010102 - - 0 0 243 243 Islam Nagar 408010103 - 0 0 170 170 Islam Nagar 408010104 - 0 0 152 152 Islam Nagar 408010105 - - 0 0 72 72 3 Babul Ilam Sec School 0 - 3 3 Islam Nagar 408010106 - 0 0 126 126 Islam Nagar 408010107 - 0 0 281 281 Islam Nagar 408010108 -- 0 0 116 116 Islam Nagar 408010109 - - 0 0 156 156 3 Total - - - 0 1316 1316 0 3 3 Abidabad BI-A Islam 408010201 - - 0 330 197 527 Nagar Abidabad BI-A Islam 4 GBPS Siddiqui, Abidabad 408010202 - 0 401 207 608 2 1 3 Nagar Abidabad BI-A Islam 408010203 - 0 101 68 169 Nagar 4 Total - - - 832 472 1304 2 1 3 Number of voters assigned to Number of polling booths In Case of Rural Areas In Case of Urban Areas 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Informal Land Controls, a Case of Karachi-Pakistan
    Informal Land Controls, A Case of Karachi-Pakistan. This Thesis is Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Saeed Ud Din Ahmed School of Geography and Planning, Cardiff University June 2016 DECLARATION This work has not been submitted in substance for any other degree or award at this or any other university or place of learning, nor is being submitted concurrently in candidature for any degree or other award. Signed ………………………………………………………………………………… (candidate) Date ………………………… i | P a g e STATEMENT 1 This thesis is being submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of …………………………(insert MCh, MD, MPhil, PhD etc, as appropriate) Signed ………………………………………………………………………..………… (candidate) Date ………………………… STATEMENT 2 This thesis is the result of my own independent work/investigation, except where otherwise stated. Other sources are acknowledged by explicit references. The views expressed are my own. Signed …………………………………………………………….…………………… (candidate) Date ………………………… STATEMENT 3 I hereby give consent for my thesis, if accepted, to be available for photocopying and for inter- library loan, and for the title and summary to be made available to outside organisations. Signed ……………………………………………………………………………… (candidate) Date ………………………… STATEMENT 4: PREVIOUSLY APPROVED BAR ON ACCESS I hereby give consent for my thesis, if accepted, to be available for photocopying and for inter- library loans after expiry of a bar on access previously approved by the Academic Standards & Quality Committee. Signed …………………………………………………….……………………… (candidate) Date ………………………… ii | P a g e iii | P a g e Acknowledgement The fruition of this thesis, theoretically a solitary contribution, is indebted to many individuals and institutions for their kind contributions, guidance and support. NED University of Engineering and Technology, my alma mater and employer, for financing this study.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Turmoil in a Megacity: the Role of Karachi for the Stability of Pakistan and South Asia
    Political Turmoil in a Megacity: The Role of Karachi for the Stability of Pakistan and South Asia Bettina Robotka Political parties are a major part of representative democracy which is the main political system worldwide today. In a society where direct modes of democracy are not manageable any more – and that is the majority of modern democracies- political parties are a means of uniting and organizing people who share certain ideas about how society should progress. In South Asia where democracy as a political system was introduced from outside during colonial rule only few political ideologies have developed. Instead, we find political parties here are mostly based on ethnicity. The flowing article will analyze the Muttahida Qaumi Movement and the role it plays in Karachi. Karachi is the largest city, the main seaport and the economic centre of Pakistan, as well as the capital of the province of Sindh. It is situated in the South of Pakistan on the shore of the Arabian Sea and holds the two main sea ports of Pakistan Port Karachi and Port Bin Qasim. This makes it the commercial hub of and gateway to Pakistan. The city handles 95% of Pakistan’s foreign trade, contributes 30% to Pakistan’s manufacturing sector, and almost 90% of the head offices of the banks, financial institutions and 2 Pakistan Vision Vol. 14 No.2 multinational companies operate from Karachi. The country’s largest stock exchange is Karachi-based, making it the financial and commercial center of the country as well. Karachi contributes 20% of the national GDP, adds 45% of the national value added, retains 40% of the national employment in large-scale manufacturing, holds 50% of bank deposits and contributes 25% of national revenues and 40% of provincial revenues.1 Its population which is estimated between 18 and 21million people makes it a major resource for the educated and uneducated labor market in the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Art Deco: the Lost Glory of Karachi
    Art Deco: The Lost Glory of Karachi Written and Researched by: Marvi Mazhar, Anushka Maqbool, Harmain Ahmer Research Team: Harmain Ahmer, Hareem Naseer, Marvi Mazhar, Anushka Maqbool Contents 0 Prologue 1 Introduction 2 Progression of Karachi’s Architecture 3 The Art Deco Movement: Global to Local 4 Influences on Architecture: Symbols and Furniture 5 A South Asian Network: Art Deco Insta Family 6 Conclusion: Karachi’s Urban Decay and Way Forward ©MMA 0 Prologue Owners currently residing in the historical bungalows are interviewed. ‘For many developing nations, modernity is associated with pro- The history of the bungalow and its evolution through the owners and gress and there is an aspiration towards western styles of living; the secondary research would be found. The methodology and approach old is rejected for being backward, and historic continuity becomes that is used to document the historical buildings is extremely impor- disregarded in favor of the status of the modern.’ tant for the preservation and protection process under Heritage Law. This type of research and documentation methodology is holistic and Historic Bungalow Research is an ongoing documentation project of investigative, unlike the current governmental approach to heritage the historic buildings of Sindh. It is conducted by performing extensive documentation, which is carried out on a superficial level. field work and collecting oral narratives and literature. The work -in The research aims to document, understand, and profile century old volves analysing bungalow typologies, spatial definition, material tech- bungalows across Sindh for archival purposes. Educating current and niques, craftsmanship and personally owned artifacts which define -ma future generations about the existence and beauty of these historical terial memory.
    [Show full text]