Echinodermata
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BIOLOGY and METHODS of CONTROLLING the STARFISH, Asterias Forbesi {DESOR}
BIOLOGY AND METHODS OF CONTROLLING THE STARFISH, Asterias forbesi {DESOR} By Victor L. Loosanoff Biological Laboratory Bureau of Commercial Fisheries U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Milford, Connecticut CONTENTS Page Introduction. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... 1 Distribution and occurrence....................................................... 2 Food and feeding ...................................................................... 3 Methods of controL........................................ ........................... 5 Mechanical methods : Starfish mop...................................................... .................. 5 Oyster dredge... ........................ ............. ..... ... ...................... 5 Suction dredge..................................................................... 5 Underwater plow ..... ............................................................. 6 Chemical methods .................................................................. 6 Quicklime............................. ........................... ................... 7 Salt solution......... ........................................ ......... ............. 8 Organic chemicals....... ..... ... .... .................. ........ ............. ...... 9 Utilization of starfish................................................................ 11 References..... ............................................................... ........ 11 INTRODUCTION Even in the old days, when the purchas ing power of the dollar was much higher, The starfish has long -
Evidence That Microorganisms at the Animal-Water Interface Drive Sea Star Wasting Disease
UC Santa Cruz UC Santa Cruz Previously Published Works Title Evidence That Microorganisms at the Animal-Water Interface Drive Sea Star Wasting Disease. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/48k360d8 Authors Aquino, Citlalli A Besemer, Ryan M DeRito, Christopher M et al. Publication Date 2020 DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2020.610009 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California fmicb-11-610009 December 21, 2020 Time: 14:20 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 06 January 2021 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.610009 Evidence That Microorganisms at the Animal-Water Interface Drive Sea Star Wasting Disease Citlalli A. Aquino1†, Ryan M. Besemer2†, Christopher M. DeRito3, Jan Kocian4, Ian R. Porter5, Peter T. Raimondi6, Jordan E. Rede3, Lauren M. Schiebelhut7, Jed P. Sparks8, John P. Wares9 and Ian Hewson3* 1 Department of Biology, Estuary and Ocean Science Center, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, CA, United States, 2 Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, United States, 3 Department Edited by: of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States, 4 Unaffiliated Researcher, Freeland, WA, United States, Feng Chen, 5 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States, 6 Institute University of Maryland Center of Marine Sciences, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, for Environmental Science (UMCES), United States, 7 Life and Environmental -
Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY OF THE U. S. FISH COMMISSION AT WOODS HOLE, MASSACHUSETTS. THE ECHINODERMS OE THE WOODS HOLE REGION. BY HUBERT LYMAN CLARK, Professor of Biology Olivet College .. , F. C. B. 1902—35 545 G’G-HTEMrS. Page. Echinoidea: Page. Introduction 547-550 Key to the species 562 Key to the classes 551 Arbacia punctlilata 563 Asteroidea: Strongylocentrotus drbbachiensis 563 Key to the species 552 Echinaiachnius parma 564 Asterias forbesi 552 Mellita pentapora 565 Asterias vulgaris 553 Holothurioidea: Asterias tenera 554 Key to the species 566 Asterias austera 555 Cucumaria frondosa 566 Cribrella sanguinolenta 555 Cucumaria plulcherrkna 567 Solaster endeca 556 Thyone briareus 567 Ophiuroidea: Thyone scabra 568 Key to the species 558 Thyone unisemita 569 Ophiura brevi&pina 558 Caudina arenata 569 Ophioglypha robusta 558 Trocliostoma oolitieum 570 Ophiopholis aculeata 559 Synapta inhaerens 571 Amphipholi.s squamata 560 Synapta roseola 571 _ Gorgonocephalus agassizii , 561 Bibliography 572-574 546 THE ECHINODERMS OF THE WOODS HOLE REGION. By HUBERT LYMAN CLARK, Professor of Biology , Olivet College. As used in this report, the Woods Hole region includes that part of I he New England coast easily accessible in one-day excursions by steamer from the U. S. Fish Commission station at Woods Hole, Mass. The northern point of Cape Cod is the limit in one direction, and New London, Conn., is the opposite extreme. Seaward the region would naturally extend to about the 100- fathom line, but for the purposes of this report the 50-fathom line has been taken as the limit, the reason for this being that as the Gulf Stream is approached we meet with an echinodcrm fauna so totally different from that along shore that the two have little in common. -
(Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the Latest Cretaceous Of
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Universität München: Elektronischen Publikationen 285 Zitteliana 89 Short Communication First report of sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the latest Cretaceous of Paläontologie Bayerische Bavaria,GeoBio- Germany & Geobiologie Center Staatssammlung 1,2,3 LMU München für Paläontologie und Geologie LMUMike MünchenReich 1 n München, 01.07.2017 SNSB - Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, 80333 Munich, Germany 2 n Manuscript received Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department für Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften, 30.12.2016; revision ac- Paläontologie und Geobiologie, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, 80333 Munich, Germany 3 cepted 21.01.2017 GeoBio-Center der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, 80333 Munich, Germany n ISSN 0373-9627 E-mail: [email protected] n ISBN 978-3-946705-00-0 Zitteliana 89, 285–289. Key words: fossil Holothuroidea; Cretaceous; Maastrichtian; Bavaria; Germany Schüsselwörter: fossile Holothuroidea; Kreide; Maastrichtium; Bayern; Deutschland The Bavarian Gerhardtsreit Formation (‶Gerhardts- 1993; Smith 2004) due to different reasons (Reich reiter Mergel″ / ‶Gerhardtsreiter Schichten″; cf. 2013). There are nearly 1,700 valid extant sea cucum- Böhm 1891; Hagn 1960; Wagreich et al. 2004), also ber species (Smiley 1994; Kerr 2003; Paulay pers. known as Gerhartsreit Formation (‶Gerhartsreiter comm.) known worldwide. The fossil record (since Schichten″; Hagn et al. 1981, 1992; Schwarzhans the Middle Ordovician; Reich 1999, 2010), by con- 2010; Pollerspöck & Beaury 2014) or ‶Gerhards- trast, is discontinuous in time and recorded ranges reuter Schichten″ (Egger 1899; Hagn & Hölzl 1952; of species with around 1,000 reported forms (Reich de Klasz 1956; Herm 1979, 2000) is exposed in Up- 2013, 2014, 2015b) since the early 19th century. -
Marlin Marine Information Network Information on the Species and Habitats Around the Coasts and Sea of the British Isles
MarLIN Marine Information Network Information on the species and habitats around the coasts and sea of the British Isles Ophiothrix fragilis and/or Ophiocomina nigra brittlestar beds on sublittoral mixed sediment MarLIN – Marine Life Information Network Marine Evidence–based Sensitivity Assessment (MarESA) Review Eliane De-Bastos & Jacqueline Hill 2016-01-28 A report from: The Marine Life Information Network, Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Please note. This MarESA report is a dated version of the online review. Please refer to the website for the most up-to-date version [https://www.marlin.ac.uk/habitats/detail/1068]. All terms and the MarESA methodology are outlined on the website (https://www.marlin.ac.uk) This review can be cited as: De-Bastos, E.S.R. & Hill, J., 2016. [Ophiothrix fragilis] and/or [Ophiocomina nigra] brittlestar beds on sublittoral mixed sediment. In Tyler-Walters H. and Hiscock K. (eds) Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Reviews, [on-line]. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.17031/marlinhab.1068.1 The information (TEXT ONLY) provided by the Marine Life Information Network (MarLIN) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License. Note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own terms and conditions and they may or may not be available for reuse. Permissions beyond the scope of this license are available here. -
Practical Euthanasia Method for Common Sea Stars (Asterias Rubens) That Allows for High-Quality RNA Sampling
animals Article Practical Euthanasia Method for Common Sea Stars (Asterias rubens) That Allows for High-Quality RNA Sampling Sarah J. Wahltinez 1 , Kevin J. Kroll 2, Elizabeth A. Nunamaker 3 , Nancy D. Denslow 2,4 and Nicole I. Stacy 1,* 1 Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; swahltinez@ufl.edu 2 Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; krollk@ufl.edu (K.J.K.); ndenslow@ufl.edu (N.D.D.) 3 Animal Care Services, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; nunamaker@ufl.edu 4 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA * Correspondence: stacyn@ufl.edu Simple Summary: Sea stars are iconic marine invertebrates and are important for maintaining the biodiversity in their ecosystems. As humans, we interact with sea stars when they are used as research animals or displayed at public or private aquaria. Molecular research requires fresh tissues that have thus far been considered to be of the best quality if collected without euthanasia. This is the first paper describing a method to euthanize sea stars that still allows for sampling of high-quality tissue that can be used for advanced research. Since it can be difficult to tell if an invertebrate has died, it is important to use a two-step method where the first step makes it non-responsive and Citation: Wahltinez, S.J.; Kroll, K.J.; the next step ensures it has died. -
Proquest Dissertations
Library and Archives Bibliotheque et 1*1 Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington OttawaONK1A0N4 OttawaONK1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-80776-7 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-80776-7 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformement a la loi canadienne sur la Privacy Act some supporting forms protection de la vie privee, quelques may have been removed from this formulaires secondaires ont ete enleves de thesis. cette these. -
The Position of the Ophiuroidea Within the Phylum Echinodermata
University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2005 The Position of the Ophiuroidea within the Phylum Echinodermata Mary C. Harmon University of South Florida Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons Scholar Commons Citation Harmon, Mary C., "The Position of the Ophiuroidea within the Phylum Echinodermata" (2005). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/2916 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Position of the Ophiuroidea within the Phylum Echinodermata by Mary C. Harmon A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Department of Biology College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Brian T. Livingston, Ph.D. James R. Garey, Ph.D. Jessica L. Moore, Ph.D. Date of Approval: November 18, 2005 Keywords: molecular phylogeny, evolution, echinoderm classes, ribosomal DNA, ophiuroid © Copyright 2005, Mary C. Harmon Dedication For my parents, who have instilled in me the desire to succeed, and given me the tools necessary to do so. For Holly and my friends and family. Thank you for believing in me and for providing enjoyable breaks from my scholarly chores when I needed them. And when I didn’t. For Ailey Marie. 26 December 1998 - 07 October 2005. She taught me many important things…none of which were related to echinoderms. -
Biodiversidad De Los Equinodermos (Echinodermata) Del Mar Profundo Mexicano
Biodiversidad de los equinodermos (Echinodermata) del mar profundo mexicano Francisco A. Solís-Marín,1 A. Laguarda-Figueras,1 A. Durán González,1 A.R. Vázquez-Bader,2 Adolfo Gracia2 Resumen Nuestro conocimiento de la diversidad del mar profundo en aguas mexicanas se limita a los escasos estudios existentes. El número de especies descritas es incipiente y los registros taxonómicos que existen provienen sobre todo de estudios realizados por ex- tranjeros y muy pocos por investigadores mexicanos, con los cuales es posible conjuntar algunas listas faunísticas. Es importante dar a conocer lo que se sabe hasta el momen- to sobre los equinodermos de las zonas profundas de México, información básica para diversos sectores en nuestro país, tales como los tomadores de decisiones y científicos interesados en el tema. México posee hasta el momento 643 especies de equinoder- mos reportadas en sus aguas territoriales, aproximadamente el 10% del total de las especies reportadas en todo el planeta (~7,000). Según los registros de la Colección Nacional de Equinodermos (ICML, UNAM), la Colección de Equinodermos del “Natural History Museum, Smithsonian Institution”, Washington, DC., EUA y la bibliografía revisa- 1 Colección Nacional de Equinodermos “Ma. E. Caso Muñoz”, Laboratorio de Sistemá- tica y Ecología de Equinodermos, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (ICML), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Apdo. Post. 70-305, México, D. F. 04510, México. 2 Laboratorio de Ecología Pesquera de Crustáceos, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Lim- nología (ICML), (UNAM), Apdo. Postal 70-305, México D. F., 04510, México. 215 da, existen 348 especies de equinodermos que habitan las aguas profundas mexicanas (≥ 200 m) lo que corresponde al 54.4% del total de las especies reportadas para el país. -
Community Structure, Diversity, and Distribution Patterns of Sea Cucumber
Community structure, diversity, and distribution patterns of sea cucumber (Holothuroidea) in the coral reef area of Sapeken Islands, Sumenep Regency, Indonesia 1Abdulkadir Rahardjanto, 2Husamah, 2Samsun Hadi, 1Ainur Rofieq, 2Poncojari Wahyono 1 Biology Education, Postgraduate Directorate, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang, East Java, Indonesia; 2 Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang, Indonesia. Corresponding author: A. Rahardjanto, [email protected] Abstract. Sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea) are one of the high value marine products, with populations under very critical condition due to over exploitation. Data and information related to the condition of sea cucumber communities, especially in remote islands, like the Sapeken Islands, Sumenep Regency, East Java, Indonesia, is still very limited. This study aimed to determine the species, community structure (density, frequency, and important value index), species diversity index, and distribution patterns of sea cucumbers found in the reef area of Sapeken Islands, using a quantitative descriptive study. This research was conducted in low tide during the day using the quadratic transect method. Data was collected by making direct observations of the population under investigation. The results showed that sea cucumbers belonged to 11 species, from 2 orders: Aspidochirotida, with the species Holothuria hilla, Holothuria fuscopunctata, Holothuria impatiens, Holothuria leucospilota, Holothuria scabra, Stichopus horrens, Stichopus variegates, Actinopyga lecanora, and Actinopyga mauritiana and order Apodida, with the species Synapta maculata and Euapta godeffroyi. The density ranged from 0.162 to 1.37 ind m-2, and the relative density was between 0.035 and 0.292 ind m-2. The highest density was found for H. hilla and the lowest for S. -
Identification and Localization of a Possible Rhodopsin in the Echinoderms Asterias Forbesi (Asteroidea) and Ophioderma Brevispinum (Ophiuroidea)
Reference: Bid. BUN. 193: 97-105. (August. 1997) Identification and Localization of a Possible Rhodopsin in the Echinoderms Asterias forbesi (Asteroidea) and Ophioderma brevispinum (Ophiuroidea) SijNKE JOHNSEN Department of Biology, University ofNorth Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 Abstract. Protein extracts of optic cushion tissue from intra-ossicular, etc.) and ultrastructure (ciliary, rhab- the asteroid Asterias forbesi and arm tissue from the domeric, unspecialized, etc.) of extraocular photorecep- ophiuroid Ophioderma brevispinum were subjected to tors remain controversial (Cobb and Hendler, 1990; Western blot analysis. Both tissues contain a membrane- Cobb and Moore, 1986; Millott and Yoshida, 1960; associated protein that reacts with two monoclonal anti- Stubbs, 198 1; Yoshida et al., 1983). Among extraocular bodies raised against bovine rhodopsin. This protein mi- photoreceptors, those of ophiuroids are of particular in- grates slightly behind bovine rhodopsin during sodium- terest because portions of the calcitic endoskeleton in dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, sug- ophiuroids transmit, polarize, and possibly focus light gesting that its molecular weight is slightly larger. Immu- (Hendler and Byrne, 1987; Johnsen, 1994). In particular, nohistochemical examination of the optic cushions of A. the crystalline structure of the brachial spines of the firbesi revealed a substance that reacts with both mono- ophiuroid Ophioderma brevispinum is ideal for analysis clonal antibodies; moreover, this substance is more of the polarization of downwelling skylight (Johnsen, abundant in dark-adapted animals than in light-adapted 1994). It has been shown that 0. brevispinum is sensitive animals. The arms and central disk of 0. brevispinum to polarized light (Johnsen, 1994) and it is hypothesized were also examined immunohistochemically. -
Echinodermata
Echinodermata Bruce A. Miller The phylum Echinodermata is a morphologically, ecologically, and taxonomically diverse group. Within the nearshore waters of the Pacific Northwest, representatives from all five major classes are found-the Asteroidea (sea stars), Echinoidea (sea urchins, sand dollars), Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers), Ophiuroidea (brittle stars, basket stars), and Crinoidea (feather stars). Habitats of most groups range from intertidal to beyond the continental shelf; this discussion is limited to species found no deeper than the shelf break, generally less than 200 m depth and within 100 km of the coast. Reproduction and Development With some exceptions, sexes are separate in the Echinodermata and fertilization occurs externally. Intraovarian brooders such as Leptosynapta must fertilize internally. For most species reproduction occurs by free spawning; that is, males and females release gametes more or less simultaneously, and fertilization occurs in the water column. Some species employ a brooding strategy and do not have pelagic larvae. Species that brood are included in the list of species found in the coastal waters of the Pacific Northwest (Table 1) but are not included in the larval keys presented here. The larvae of echinoderms are morphologically and functionally diverse and have been the subject of numerous investigations on larval evolution (e.g., Emlet et al., 1987; Strathmann et al., 1992; Hart, 1995; McEdward and Jamies, 1996)and functional morphology (e.g., Strathmann, 1971,1974, 1975; McEdward, 1984,1986a,b; Hart and Strathmann, 1994). Larvae are generally divided into two forms defined by the source of nutrition during the larval stage. Planktotrophic larvae derive their energetic requirements from capture of particles, primarily algal cells, and in at least some forms by absorption of dissolved organic molecules.