DOCSLIB.ORG

Identification and Localization of a Possible Rhodopsin in the Echinoderms Asterias Forbesi (Asteroidea) and Ophioderma Brevispinum (Ophiuroidea)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Identification and Localization of a Possible Rhodopsin in the Echinoderms Asterias Forbesi (Asteroidea) and Ophioderma Brevispinum (Ophiuroidea) Reference: Bid. BUN. 193: 97-105. (August. 1997) Identification and Localization of a Possible Rhodopsin in the Echinoderms Asterias forbesi (Asteroidea) and Ophioderma brevispinum (Ophiuroidea) SijNKE JOHNSEN Department of Biology, University ofNorth Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 Abstract. Protein extracts of optic cushion tissue from intra-ossicular, etc.) and ultrastructure (ciliary, rhab- the asteroid Asterias forbesi and arm tissue from the domeric, unspecialized, etc.) of extraocular photorecep- ophiuroid Ophioderma brevispinum were subjected to tors remain controversial (Cobb and Hendler, 1990; Western blot analysis. Both tissues contain a membrane- Cobb and Moore, 1986; Millott and Yoshida, 1960; associated protein that reacts with two monoclonal anti- Stubbs, 198 1; Yoshida et al., 1983). Among extraocular bodies raised against bovine rhodopsin. This protein mi- photoreceptors, those of ophiuroids are of particular in- grates slightly behind bovine rhodopsin during sodium- terest because portions of the calcitic endoskeleton in dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, sug- ophiuroids transmit, polarize, and possibly focus light gesting that its molecular weight is slightly larger. Immu- (Hendler and Byrne, 1987; Johnsen, 1994). In particular, nohistochemical examination of the optic cushions of A. the crystalline structure of the brachial spines of the firbesi revealed a substance that reacts with both mono- ophiuroid Ophioderma brevispinum is ideal for analysis clonal antibodies; moreover, this substance is more of the polarization of downwelling skylight (Johnsen, abundant in dark-adapted animals than in light-adapted 1994). It has been shown that 0. brevispinum is sensitive animals. The arms and central disk of 0. brevispinum to polarized light (Johnsen, 1994) and it is hypothesized were also examined immunohistochemically. The tips of that this sensitivity is mediated by photoreceptors within the arm spines contain a substance that reacts with both the brachial spines. monoclonal antibodies, and at higher magnification this If the visual pigment in echinoderms were identified, immunoreactive material is localized to small regions the photoreceptors could be localized using immunohis- within the stroma of the ossicles. Taken together, the bio- tochemical techniques. The pigment is virtually un- chemical and immunochemical evidence suggests that known (reviewed in Yoshida et al., 1983), but several as- the cross-reacting protein is homologous to other known sumptions can be made about it. First, the visual pig- rhodopsins and is serving as a visual pigment in echino- ment is likely to be a rhodopsin, because all described derms. visual pigments are members of this protein family. Sec- ond, it is assumed that essentially the same visual pig- Introduction ment occurs in the photoreceptors of all echinoderms. Third, it is assumed that the optic cushions of asteroids Extraocular photosensitivity in echinoderms is wide- are functionally similar to other metazoan eyes, because spread, well documented, and ecologically important (reviewed in Yoshida, 1979; Yoshida et al., 1983), but a large body of chemical, morphological, and behavioral the functional characteristics, morphology, and distribu- results suggests that optic cushions are visual organs (Ta- tion of the receptors mediating this sense are poorly un- kasu and Yoshida, 1983; reviewed in Yoshida et al., derstood. At present, the location (subepithelial, dermal, 1983). Given these assumptions, the asteroid optic cush- ion can be used as a model structure for determining the visual pigment in echinoderms. The optic cushion of As- Received 6 December 1996: accepted 6 May 1997. terias forbesi is particularly suitable as a model because 97 98 S. JOHNSEN it is known that the microvilli of the putative sensory irreversibly aggregate, the samples were not boiled be- cells within the optic cup of a congener (A. amurensis) fore electrophoresis. The supernatant was electropho- become more numerous and increase in size and retinal resed on an 8% SDS polyacrylamide gel and transferred protein content after long exposure to darkness (Takasu to a polyvinyl membrane (Immobilon-P, Millipore and Yoshida, 1983). Inc.) using the Western transfer process (Harlow and This study describes an immunochemical search for Lane, 1988). The gel lanes were loaded with the maxi- homologues of rhodopsin, first in the optic cushion of mum amount of protein that could run correctly on the the starfish Asterias forbesi and then in the tissues of the gel apparatus. Nonspecific binding was blocked by in- brittlestar Ophioderma brevispinum. In both animals, cubating the membrane in 1 pg/ml polyvinyl alcohol the search revealed a membrane-associated protein, for 5 min. The membrane was then incubated in a slightly heavier than bovine rhodopsin, that reacts with monoclonal antibody raised against bovine rhodopsin two monoclonal antibodies raised against bovine rho- (diluted 1:50 in phosphate buffered saline (140 mM dopsin. The same antibodies also react with a substance NaCl, 3 mM KCl, 8 mM Na2HP04, 1.5 mM KH2P04, in the optic cups of the optic cushion of A. forbesi. In pH 7.4, referred to hereafter as PBS) containing 0.1% addition, the cross-reaction is stronger in dark-adapted Tween-20 detergent and 3% bovine serum albumin animals than in light-adapted animals. The two mono- (BSA)) for about 20 h at 20°C. Fourteen monoclonal clonal antibodies also cross-reacted with a substance antibodies raised against bovine rhodopsin were tested. within the tips of the brachial spines of 0. brevispinum, Their epitope was then investigated using competitive suggesting that they contain concentrated amounts of binding assays with various peptide sequences from bo- echinoderm rhodopsin. These data all suggest that the vine rhodopsin (Adamus et al., 1991). Figure 1 shows purified protein in both animals is homologous to the names and putative epitopes of the antibodies. All known rhodopsins and that this protein is the visual pig- 14 antibodies are known to bind with bovine rhodopsin ment in echinoderms. on a Western blot (Hargrave, pers. comm.). Antibodies raised against bovine rhodopsin were chosen because Materials and Methods echinoderms are more closely related to chordates than to any other phylum for which rhodopsin antibodies are Source and maintenance qf animals available. After reaction with the primary antibody, the Specimens of A. .forbesi were obtained from the Ma- membrane was washed three times for 5 min each in rine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. PBS, and then incubated for 1 h at room temperature Specimens of 0. brevispinum were collected from Old in goat anti-mouse IgG + IgM conjugated with alkaline Dan Bank, about 2 km north of the Keys Marine Lab, phosphatase (Sigma Immunochemicals; diluted 1:5000 Layton, Long Key, Florida. Animals were maintained in in same buffer as primary antibody). The membrane aquaria in artificial seawater (ASW), salinity 35 ppt, on was then washed three times for 20 min each in PBS a 12/ 12 hour light/dark cycle. 0. brevispinum and A. and developed according to standard procedures for al- forbesi were kept at 24°C and 10°C respectively. kaline phosphatase detection (Harlow and Lane, 1988). The procedure for 0. brevispinum was identical except that tissue from the arms was used. As a negative con- Extraction and Western blot analysis trol, tissue from the gut of A. forbesi was prepared and An adult specimen ofA.,forbesi was dark-adapted for analyzed in the above manner. about 20 h. The adaptation was performed because pre- vious studies on several asteroids have shown that the Determination of cellular location ofproteins from microvilli of the putative sensory cells in the optic cush- A. forbesi and 0. brevispinum ions increase in number, size, and retinal protein content after long exposure to darkness (Takasu and Tissue from A. forbesi or 0. brevispinum was frozen Yoshida, 1983). Under dim red light, the tips of four and pulverized as described above. The powder was sus- arms (containing optic cushions) were removed and im- pended in 200 ~1 of PBS with 1 mM phenylmethysulfo- mediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. The frozen tissue nyl fluoride and 20 pg/ml leupeptin (referred to hereafter was pulverized with a mortar and pestle and the powder as PBS/PI). The solution was centrifuged for 20 min at suspended in 100 ~1 sodium-dodecyl-sulfate (SDS) 16,000 X g. The supernatant was then centrifuged at polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) sample 125,000 X g for 1 h to remove all insoluble material. The buffer. The solution was incubated at 20°C for 5 min to supernatant from the high-speed spin was kept and re- dissolve all proteins and centrifuged at 16,000 X g for ferred to as “C.” The pellet from the low-speed spin was 10 min to precipitate insoluble material. Because rho- resuspended in 200 ~1 of PBS/PI with 2% Triton X- 100 dopsins that have been boiled in the presence of SDS and incubated for 30 min. The suspension was then spun RHODOPSIN IN ASTEROIDS AND ECHINOIDS 99 B6-30N b!NG TEG PNF WP FSN KTG VVR SPF EYP QYY LAE PWQ YSA LAA YMF LLI LLG 33'1 R2-15N 1 K62-12N NFM TLY WR TPL NY1 LLN LVF AX3 FMV E’GG FTV TI’Q TSJ, HGY FVF GPT BlOcL + B3uL Al-55M GCY m FFA TLG GEG ALW SLV VLA IER YIV VCK PMA NFR FGE NHA IMG VAF T.W% MAL ACA APP LAG WSR YIP EGM OCS CGV DYY TTlK PEI NNB SFV IYN FVV HF?' IP5 Tl3-34L + Tl3-35L III F'FC YGQ LVF Tw ATT OKA EKE VTR MVI z;Kv IAF LIC WVP YAS K42 -4lL VA?? YIF THQ GSN FGP VFM TIP AFF AKS SAI YNP VIY II*??4 MO FRN CMV TTT, CCG All-275C K16-5OC m-K- K57-91C K16-155C + k55-75C Figure1. Amino acid sequence of bovine rhodopsin showing the epitopes of the various antibodies used in the study. Light type denotes transmembrane regions that are inaccessible to antibodies in immu- nohistochemistry.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • BIOLOGY and METHODS of CONTROLLING the STARFISH, Asterias Forbesi {DESOR}
    BIOLOGY AND METHODS OF CONTROLLING THE STARFISH, Asterias forbesi {DESOR} By Victor L. Loosanoff Biological Laboratory Bureau of Commercial Fisheries U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Milford, Connecticut CONTENTS Page Introduction. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... 1 Distribution and occurrence....................................................... 2 Food and feeding ...................................................................... 3 Methods of controL........................................ ........................... 5 Mechanical methods : Starfish mop...................................................... .................. 5 Oyster dredge... ........................ ............. ..... ... ...................... 5 Suction dredge..................................................................... 5 Underwater plow ..... ............................................................. 6 Chemical methods .................................................................. 6 Quicklime............................. ........................... ................... 7 Salt solution......... ........................................ ......... ............. 8 Organic chemicals....... ..... ... .... .................. ........ ............. ...... 9 Utilization of starfish................................................................ 11 References..... ............................................................... ........ 11 INTRODUCTION Even in the old days, when the purchas­ ing power of the dollar was much higher, The starfish has long
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence That Microorganisms at the Animal-Water Interface Drive Sea Star Wasting Disease
    UC Santa Cruz UC Santa Cruz Previously Published Works Title Evidence That Microorganisms at the Animal-Water Interface Drive Sea Star Wasting Disease. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/48k360d8 Authors Aquino, Citlalli A Besemer, Ryan M DeRito, Christopher M et al. Publication Date 2020 DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2020.610009 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California fmicb-11-610009 December 21, 2020 Time: 14:20 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 06 January 2021 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.610009 Evidence That Microorganisms at the Animal-Water Interface Drive Sea Star Wasting Disease Citlalli A. Aquino1†, Ryan M. Besemer2†, Christopher M. DeRito3, Jan Kocian4, Ian R. Porter5, Peter T. Raimondi6, Jordan E. Rede3, Lauren M. Schiebelhut7, Jed P. Sparks8, John P. Wares9 and Ian Hewson3* 1 Department of Biology, Estuary and Ocean Science Center, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, CA, United States, 2 Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, United States, 3 Department Edited by: of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States, 4 Unaffiliated Researcher, Freeland, WA, United States, Feng Chen, 5 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States, 6 Institute University of Maryland Center of Marine Sciences, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, for Environmental Science (UMCES), United States, 7 Life and Environmental
    [Show full text]
  • Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission
    CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY OF THE U. S. FISH COMMISSION AT WOODS HOLE, MASSACHUSETTS. THE ECHINODERMS OE THE WOODS HOLE REGION. BY HUBERT LYMAN CLARK, Professor of Biology Olivet College .. , F. C. B. 1902—35 545 G’G-HTEMrS. Page. Echinoidea: Page. Introduction 547-550 Key to the species 562 Key to the classes 551 Arbacia punctlilata 563 Asteroidea: Strongylocentrotus drbbachiensis 563 Key to the species 552 Echinaiachnius parma 564 Asterias forbesi 552 Mellita pentapora 565 Asterias vulgaris 553 Holothurioidea: Asterias tenera 554 Key to the species 566 Asterias austera 555 Cucumaria frondosa 566 Cribrella sanguinolenta 555 Cucumaria plulcherrkna 567 Solaster endeca 556 Thyone briareus 567 Ophiuroidea: Thyone scabra 568 Key to the species 558 Thyone unisemita 569 Ophiura brevi&pina 558 Caudina arenata 569 Ophioglypha robusta 558 Trocliostoma oolitieum 570 Ophiopholis aculeata 559 Synapta inhaerens 571 Amphipholi.s squamata 560 Synapta roseola 571 _ Gorgonocephalus agassizii , 561 Bibliography 572-574 546 THE ECHINODERMS OF THE WOODS HOLE REGION. By HUBERT LYMAN CLARK, Professor of Biology , Olivet College. As used in this report, the Woods Hole region includes that part of I he New England coast easily accessible in one-day excursions by steamer from the U. S. Fish Commission station at Woods Hole, Mass. The northern point of Cape Cod is the limit in one direction, and New London, Conn., is the opposite extreme. Seaward the region would naturally extend to about the 100- fathom line, but for the purposes of this report the 50-fathom line has been taken as the limit, the reason for this being that as the Gulf Stream is approached we meet with an echinodcrm fauna so totally different from that along shore that the two have little in common.
    [Show full text]
  • Practical Euthanasia Method for Common Sea Stars (Asterias Rubens) That Allows for High-Quality RNA Sampling
    animals Article Practical Euthanasia Method for Common Sea Stars (Asterias rubens) That Allows for High-Quality RNA Sampling Sarah J. Wahltinez 1 , Kevin J. Kroll 2, Elizabeth A. Nunamaker 3 , Nancy D. Denslow 2,4 and Nicole I. Stacy 1,* 1 Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; swahltinez@ufl.edu 2 Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; krollk@ufl.edu (K.J.K.); ndenslow@ufl.edu (N.D.D.) 3 Animal Care Services, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; nunamaker@ufl.edu 4 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA * Correspondence: stacyn@ufl.edu Simple Summary: Sea stars are iconic marine invertebrates and are important for maintaining the biodiversity in their ecosystems. As humans, we interact with sea stars when they are used as research animals or displayed at public or private aquaria. Molecular research requires fresh tissues that have thus far been considered to be of the best quality if collected without euthanasia. This is the first paper describing a method to euthanize sea stars that still allows for sampling of high-quality tissue that can be used for advanced research. Since it can be difficult to tell if an invertebrate has died, it is important to use a two-step method where the first step makes it non-responsive and Citation: Wahltinez, S.J.; Kroll, K.J.; the next step ensures it has died.
    [Show full text]
  • Acrosome Reaction Is Subfamily Specific in Sea Star Fertilization ⁎ Mia Nakachi A, Hideaki Moriyama B, , Motonori Hoshi A, Midori Matsumoto A
    Developmental Biology 298 (2006) 597–604 www.elsevier.com/locate/ydbio Acrosome reaction is subfamily specific in sea star fertilization ⁎ Mia Nakachi a, Hideaki Moriyama b, , Motonori Hoshi a, Midori Matsumoto a a Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan b Department of Chemistry, e-Toxicology, and Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 28 Hamilton Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA Received for publication 30 November 2005; revised 5 July 2006; accepted 11 July 2006 Available online 14 July 2006 Abstract In the fertilization process of sea stars, sperm is activated to go through the acrosome reaction before cell fusion. We focused on induction of the acrosome reaction as a key process in fertilization. Six species of sea stars were used in this study: Asterias amurensis, Asterias rubens, Asterias forbesi, Aphelasterias japonica, Distolasterias nipon, and Asterina pectinifera. Acrosome reaction assays indicate that the acrosome reaction can be induced across species within Asteriinae subfamily. However, cross-fertilization assays indicate that sea stars have species specificity in fertilization. Therefore, steps after the acrosome reaction are responsible for the species specificity. To explain acrosome reaction subfamily specificity at the molecular level, the sugar components of egg jelly were examined and analyzed by principal component analysis. A. amurensis and A. forbesi belong to the same induction group of the acrosome reaction. D. nipon and An. pectinifera are in a unique group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays indicate that Asteriinae subfamily share a common glycan structure, the Fragment 1 of Acrosome Reaction- Inducing Substance from A. amurensis. Fragment 1 plays an important role in the subfamily specificity of acrosome reaction induction.
    [Show full text]
  • Asterias Amurensis
    April 2006 Evaluation of National Control Plan management options for the North Pacifi c Seastar Asterias amurensis Prepared by: Nicholas Bax, Piers Dunstan, Rasanthi Gunasekera, Jawahar Patil and Caroline Sutton Final Report for the Department of Environment and Heritage by CSIRO Marine Research Evaluation of National Control Plan management options for the North Pacific Seastar Asterias amurensis Nicholas Bax, Piers Dunstan, Rasanthi Gunasekera, Jawahar Patil and Caroline Sutton Project 46629 Final Report May 2005 (Revised: April 2006) Natural Heritage Trust, Australian Government ISBN and Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) information (Requested, in process) 1 921061 95 2 (pdf version) This report documents work carried out under Project no. 46629 of the Australian Government’s Natural Heritage Trust The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Australian Government or the Minister for the Environment and Heritage. While reasonable efforts have been made to ensure that the contents of this publication are factually correct, the Commonwealth does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the contents, and shall not be liable for any loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of, or reliance on, the contents of this publication. Enquiries should be addressed to: Dr Nic Bax CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research GPO Box 1538 Hobart, TAS 7001 Telephone (03) 6232 5341 Facsimile (03) 6232 5485 Email: [email protected] Distribution list Project Manager On-line approval to publish Client Authors Other CSIRO Staff National Library State Library CMAR Library as pdf (Meredith Hepburn) CMAR Web Manager as pdf (Diana Reale) Important Notice © Copyright Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (‘CSIRO’) Australia 2006 All rights are reserved and no part of this publication covered by copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means except with the written permission of CSIRO.
    [Show full text]
  • Echinodermata: the Complex Immune System in Echinoderms
    Echinodermata: The Complex Immune System in Echinoderms L. Courtney Smith, Vincenzo Arizza, Megan A. Barela Hudgell, Gianpaolo Barone, Andrea G. Bodnar, Katherine M. Buckley, Vincenzo Cunsolo, Nolwenn M. Dheilly, Nicola Franchi, Sebastian D. Fugmann, Ryohei Furukawa, Jose Garcia-Arraras, John H. Henson, Taku Hibino, Zoe H. Irons, Chun Li, Cheng Man Lun, Audrey J. Majeske, Matan Oren, Patrizia Pagliara, Annalisa Pinsino, David A. Raftos, Jonathan P. Rast, Bakary Samasa, Domenico Schillaci, Catherine S. Schrankel, Loredana Stabili, Klara Stensväg, and Elisse Sutton Echinoderm Life History and Phylogeny Echinoderms are benthic marine invertebrates living in communities ranging from shallow nearshore waters to the abyssal depths. Often members of this phylum are top predators or herbivores that shape and/or control the ecological characteristics All co-authors contributed equally to this chapter and are listed in alphabetical order. L. C. Smith (*) · M. A. Barela Hudgell · K. M. Buckley Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA e-mail: [email protected] V. Arizza · G. Barone · D. Schillaci Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy A. G. Bodnar Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, St. George’s Island, Bermuda Gloucester Marine Genomics Institute, Gloucester, MA, USA V. Cunsolo Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy N. M. Dheilly School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA N. Franchi Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 409 E. L. Cooper (ed.), Advances in Comparative Immunology, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76768-0_13 410 L.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Sea Star-Associated Densoviruses and Transcribed Endogenous Viral Elements of Densovirus Origin
    GENETIC DIVERSITY AND EVOLUTION crossm Diversity of Sea Star-Associated Densoviruses and Transcribed Endogenous Viral Elements of Densovirus Origin Elliot W. Jackson,a Roland C. Wilhelm,b Mitchell R. Johnson,a Holly L. Lutz,c,d Isabelle Danforth,d Joseph K. Gaydos,e Michael W. Hart,f Ian Hewsona Downloaded from aDepartment of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA bSchool of Integrative Plant Sciences, Bradfield Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA cDepartment of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA dScripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA eSeaDoc Society, UC Davis Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center—Orcas Island Office, Eastsound, Washington, USA fDepartment of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada ABSTRACT A viral etiology of sea star wasting syndrome (SSWS) was originally ex- http://jvi.asm.org/ plored with virus-sized material challenge experiments, field surveys, and metag- enomics, leading to the conclusion that a densovirus is the predominant DNA virus associated with this syndrome and, thus, the most promising viral candidate patho- gen. Single-stranded DNA viruses are, however, highly diverse and pervasive among eukaryotic organisms, which we hypothesize may confound the association be- tween densoviruses and SSWS. To test this hypothesis and assess the association of densoviruses with SSWS, we compiled past metagenomic data with new metagenomic-derived viral genomes from sea stars collected from Antarctica, Califor- on January 8, 2021 by guest nia, Washington, and Alaska. We used 179 publicly available sea star transcriptomes to complement our approaches for densovirus discovery.
    [Show full text]
  • Download an Entire Issue of Ajournai Or Multiple Copies of Articles, and You May Use Content in the JSTOR Archive Only for Your Personal, Non Commercial Use
    s Community Development and Persistence in a Low Rocky Intertidal Zone STOR Jane Lubchenco; Bruce A. Menge Ecological Monographs, Vol. 48, No. 1. (Winter, 1978), pp. 67-94. Stable URL: http://links.istor.org/sici?sici=0012-9615%28197824%2948%3A1 %3C67%3ACDAPiA%3F,2.0.CQ%3B2-i, Ecological Monographs is currently published by The Ecological Society of America. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.istor.org/about/terms.html . JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of ajournai or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.istor.org/iournals/esa.html . Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright nohce that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is an independent not-for-profit organizahon dedicated to and preserving a digital archive of scholarly journals. For more informahon regarding JSTOR, please contact [email protected] . http://www.jstor.org Fri Feb 9 19:16:40 2007 Ecological Monographs (1978) 59: pp. 67-94 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND PERSISTENCE IN A LOW ROCKY INTERTIDAL ZONE1 Jane Lubchenco2 Biological Laboratories, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 USA AND B r u c e A . M e n g e Zoology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 USA A b stra c t.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of the Starfish (Asterias Rubens L.) Predation in Blue Mussel (Mytilus Edulis L.) Seedbed Stability
    Antonio Agüera García The role of starfish (Asterias rubens L.) predation in blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) seedbed stability Antonio Agüera García Thesis committee Promotor Prof. Dr A.C. Smaal Professor of Sustainable Shellfish Culture Wageningen University Co-promotors Dr J.M. Jansen Advisor, Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij B.V., Assen Dr T. Schellekens Quantitative Ecologist, Wageningen IMARES, Yerseke This research was conducted under the auspices of the Graduate School of Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences (WIAS). The role of starfish (Asterias rubens L.) predation in blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) seedbed stability Antonio Agüera García Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. Dr M.J. Kropff, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Friday 13 February 2015 at 11 a.m. in the Aula. Antonio Agüera García The role of the starfish (Asterias rubens L.) predation in blue mussel (Mytilus edulis L.) seedbed stability. 170 pages. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL (2015) With references, with summaries in Dutch, English and Spanish ISBN 978-94-6257-216-4 A mis padres y hermanos Contents Chapter 1 General Introduction 9 Chapter 2 Winter feeding activity of the common starfish (Asterias 23 rubens): The role of temperature and shading Chapter 3 Effects of osmotic stress on the predation behaviour of 43 Asterias rubens L. Chapter 4 Beyond Food: a foundation species facilitates its own 75 predator Chapter 5 Mussel association affects prey size selection by starfish 97 Chapter 6 Short-term simulation of Asterias rubens L.
    [Show full text]
  • A Highly Prevalent and Pervasive Densovirus Discovered Among Sea Stars from the North American Atlantic Coast
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/781609; this version posted September 25, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. A highly prevalent and pervasive densovirus discovered among sea stars from the North American Atlantic Coast Elliot W. Jackson 1*, Charles Pepe-Ranney2, Mitchell R. Johnson 1, Daniel L. Distel3, Ian Hewson1 1 Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14853, USA 2 AgBiome Inc., 104 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 3 Ocean Genome Legacy Center of New England BioLabs, Northeastern University Marine Science Center, Nahant MA, 01908 * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-231-838-6042 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/781609; this version posted September 25, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. Abstract: Viral metagenomes prepared from tissues from Forbes’ sea star (Asterias forbesi) led to the discovery of a complete genome of a novel sea star densovirus (AfaDV). The genome organization of AfaDV and phylogenetic analysis place this virus among the Ambidensovirus genus in the subfamily Densoviridae, family Parvoviridae. AfaDV shares 78% nucleotide pairwise identity to the sea star associated densovirus (SSaDV), previously described as the putative causative agent of Sea Star Wasting Syndrome among sea stars from the Northwest Pacific.
    [Show full text]
  • Foraging Ecology of Herring Gulls (Larus Argentatus) and Great Black- Backed Gulls (Larus Marinus), with a Focus in New England Rocky Intertidal
    Foraging ecology of Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus) and Great Black- backed Gulls (Larus marinus), with a focus in New England rocky intertidal Michelle S. Rome Submitted to Brown University In Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science In Environmental Science May 2002 Table of Contents Table of Contents……………………………………2 Acknowledgements………………………………….3 Abstract……………………………………………...4 Chapter 1: Foraging ecology and interactions between Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus) and Great Black-backed Gulls (Larus marinus) in New England rocky intertidal, ME Abstract………………………………….…...6 Introduction…………………………….…….7 Materials and Methods……………….………10 Results………………………………….…….17 Discussion………………………….….……..21 Literature Cited………………...….…………30 Figures………………………………….…….36 Tables…………………………….…….…….46 Chapter 2: The basis for Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) and Great Black-backed Gull (Larus marinus) preference among three species of intertidal crabs in New England Abstract…………………………….………….50 Introduction…………………...………….……51 Materials and Methods……………….….…….52 Results……………………………...…….……57 Discussion……………………………………..58 Literature Cited………………………………..62 Figures…………………………………………66 Tables………………………………………….70 2 Acknowledgments: I would like to thank Julie Ellis, for her ideas, guidance, assistance in the field, and encouragement, and, my advisor, Jon Witman, for his statistical assistance, advice, and comments on previous drafts. Both my readers, Mark Bertness and Jen Hughes, provided insightful comments and encouragement. I would like to thank everyone at Shoals Marine Laboratory, especially Myra Shulman, Jim Moran, and all the REU students, for their guidance, assistance and friendship. Lastly, I would like to thank my family for always providing me with support and encouragement to follow my passions. 3 Abstract: Populations of Great Black-backed Gulls (Larus marinus) and Herring Gulls (L. argentatus) along coastal New England have fluctuated dramatically during the last century.
    [Show full text]