Drought Stress Responses in Medicago Truncatula and Glycine Max: System Biology Approaches

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Drought Stress Responses in Medicago Truncatula and Glycine Max: System Biology Approaches Departamento de Ciencias del Medio Natural Natur Ingurunearen Zientzien Saila Tesis Doctoral Drought stress responses in Medicago truncatula and Glycine max: system biology approaches Memoria presentada por Dña. Amaia Seminario Huarriz para optar al grado de Doctor con Mención de Doctor Internacional Pamplona, marzo de 2017 This work was funded by “Ministerio Español de Economía y Competitividad” (AGL-2011- 23738/AGR), “Gobierno de Navarra” (2016/PI013 LEGUMINOSAS) and “Fundación Caja Navarra” (FUNCAN, 07442). Amaia Seminario Huarriz has been holder of a PhD fellowship from the Public University of Navarra and she has received two mobility grants from the same institution: “Programa de ayudas de movilidad predoctoral” (1710/2012, 1506/2013). AGRADECIMIENTOS-ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS En primer lugar, me gustaría dar las gracias a mis directoras, las Dras Esther González y Estíbaliz Larrainzar, por haberme dado la oportunidad de realizar esta tesis doctoral. Gracias a las dos por vuestro tiempo, dedicación, consejos, apoyo… Esther, gracias por estar siempre disponible y dispuesta a escuchar y por haberme enseñado tanto. Gracias Esti por tu ayuda, por aportarme tantos conocimientos y por esos sabios consejos tanto profesionales como personales. Gracias a todas las personas del departamento de Ciencias del Medio Natural y especialmente a aquellos pertenecientes al Área de fisiología vegetal. Eskerrik asko Iker por tus aportaciones en este trabajo. Gracias a Susana, Gustavo y Berta por compartir grandes momentos tanto en cafés como en comidas de tupper. Y también gracias a mis compañeros de despacho, Juan y Yueh-Hsin. I would also like to thank Michael Udvardi from The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation in Oklahoma, EEUU, for giving me the opportunity to participate in his experiments to improve my knowledge in plant science. My stay there was amazing thanks to Yun and to Ivone, Igor, Catalina, Lia and Shulan, who taught me a lot of things. It was a pleasure working with you!! Moreover, I want to thank Yanina, Alan, Bárbara, Ella, Mayra, Ewelina, Djordje and Pato for enjoying my life-besides-work, and making all the moments even more special. Pero sobre todo, gracias a la madrileña que conocí allá, muchas gracias Ana por explorar conmigo la ciencia y el estilo de vida de Ardmore. Hope to see you again! La realización de esta tesis me ha permitido dirigir Trabajos Fin de Carrera, Máster, Grado… No me olvido de agradecer a todas las personas que han participado conmigo en experimentos y sus aportaciones en esta tesis: gracias a Maite Rodríguez, Ana Litago, Unai Pérez y Nahikari López. Eskerrik asko Joseba por esos cafés y comidas tan productivos, por los buenos ratos pasados y por estar siempre al otro lado de la pared dispuesto a escuchar y ayudar. Especialmente gracias a Oskar, fue una suerte trabajar contigo y aprender de tí tanto en lo laboral como en lo personal. Erena…mila esker! Fue una pena no coincidir más tiempo contigo pero fuiste un ejemplo a seguir y aprendí de ti en otras facetas. Gracias por tu apoyo y por los momentos vividos fuera de la uni! Eskerrik asko Miriam por tu apoyo y ayuda en esta última etapa de la tesis, por tu compañía cuando más lo necesitaba y por los buenos ratos pasados... eskerrik asko por todo Txantxita!! Gracias a Bea y Ane por empezar este camino de la mano y por los buenos momentos juntas durante el máster! Gracias David por esos buenismos ratos que en el último año me han ayudado a desconectar! Y gracias a Libertad también por hacer que esos ratos fueran especiales! Gracias también a todos los que han pasado por el departamento durante este tiempo; Laura, Cristina, Esti U., Maren, Sergio, Iván, Inma, Vero, Maitane, Raquel, Olaya, Karla, Amaia Z, Idoia, Janaina, Ester, Manu... y en especial a Maribel, Ainhoa e Irantzu, muchas gracias por todos los buenos ratos vividos! Gracias a todos aquellos, ahora biólogos, que experimentaron conmigo mi etapa en la universidad. En especial, me gustaría agradecer su continuo apoyo a Jorge, María, Marijose, Javi y Ariane porque, a pesar de estar ahora cada uno en una punta, siempre nos quedarán los buenos momentos vividos juntos. Y en especial a Álvaro, por tu interés y continuo apoyo en estos años y por los momentos compartidos. También me gustaría agradecer a ese grupo de chicas que finde a finde sacaba lo mejor de mí simplemente con la ayuda de un balón; risas y buenos momentos que merecen la pena! Eskerrik asko…Aupa Ostiralak!!!! Después de haber intentado explicaros un montón de veces lo qué he estado haciendo en estos últimos años, espero que con esta tesis os quede un poco más claro. Iosune y Bea, gracias por esos raticos juntas, por vuestra amistad, por apoyarme a seguir adelante y por vuestro continuo interés. Gracias también a mis “Ojo avizor” Ainhoa, Itzi y Raquel, por las continuas risas y grandes momentos pasados juntas ayudándome a desconectar, eskerrik asko!! Je tiens également à adresser mes sincères remerciements á la famille Baslam pour leur soutien constant et leur grand intérêt, même en étant à plusieurs kilomètres du Pampelune. Un trés gran MERCI à Fatiha, Lahcen, Badreddine et Abdel Mounaim. Muchísimas gracias a Marouane!! Gracias por guiarme en este camino, por ser mi apoyo en todos los momentos, por tus ánimos a seguir hacia adelante, por tu visión para ver las cosas y sobre todo, por estar siempre a mi lado! Gracias Abuela por ser un ejemplo a seguir, por tu cariño incondicional. Mención especial a tí abuelo, que allá donde estés, seguro me has seguido de cerca en esta etapa. Gracias a Tari, por estar siempre ahí y a Arantxa. Gracias también a Juanito, Jose e Igor. A mis primos Seminario y por último, a esa amplia familia zubiritarra. Eskerrik asko ere nire Urnietako familiari. Y en general, a toda la gente que me ha apoyado día tras día. Y por último, gracias a mis padres Tere y Pedro, porque sin ellos no habría llegado hasta donde he llegado. Gracias por apoyarme en todo momento, por todo lo que he aprendido de vosotros y porque a pesar de no saber muy bien lo qué hacía, siempre me animabais a tirar para adelante. Gracias también a mi hermana Izaskun, por animarme y apoyarme en esta etapa. Gracias a los tres por estar siempre ahí! MUCHAS GRACIAS A TODOS!!! ABBREVIATIONS AP2 Apetala2 AsA Ascorbic Acid AZ Absorption zone C Control D Drought D1 Drought 1 D2 Drought 2 DHA Dehydroascorbic acid DTT Dithiothreitol DW Dry weight ERF Ethylene response factors ETR Electron transport rate through PSII ETRc Electron flow to the carboxylation reaction of Rubisco ETRo Electron flow to the oxygenation reaction of Rubisco FW Fresh weight GABA γ-aminobutyric acid GalL L-galactono-1,4-lactone GalLDH L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase GC-MS Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry GSH Reduced Glutathione GST Glutathione S-transferase LOX Lipoxygenase MD Moderate drought MDA Malondialdehyde MPa Megapascal MS Mild stress MSTFA Methyltrimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide PEG Polyethylene glycol qRT-PCR Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction QTL Quantitive trait locus RH Root hair zone RNA-Seq Ribonucleic acid-sequencing ROS Reactive oxygen species SD Severe drought SE Standard error TBA Thiobarbituric acid TCA Trichloroacetic acid TF Transcription factor TMSC N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide TRIS Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane UHPLC Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography VMS Very mild stress w/v Weight by volume WC Water content Ψw Water potential SUMMARY After cereals, legumes are crops of great economic importance. However, legume plants are very sensitive to abiotic stresses, being drought one of the most harmful stress in terms of crop production. The general aim of the present work is to gain further insights into two legume species (Medicago truncatula and Glycine max) drought responses at the shoot and root level by using a combination of physiological, morphological, transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches. Ascorbic acid (AsA) is one of the most abundant water-soluble antioxidant compound present in plant tissues involved in plant enzymatic and non-enzymatic detoxification mechanisms. Nevertheless, little is known on the regulation of this antioxidant biosynthesis pathway under drought stress. In chapter 1, through a combination of molecular and physiological approaches, we observed that AsA biosynthesis was severely affected by drought in soybean plants. These analyses showed that drought triggered multiple control points regulating AsA biosynthesis at the GDP-D-mannose pyrophosphorylase and GDP- D-mannose 3´, 5´-epimerase level of soybean plants. In parallel, these responses were also observed in the model legume M. truncatula. In chapter 2, work presented here showed the tight link between above- and below- ground organs in M. truncatula plants and the fact that, under drought stress conditions, adult plants prioritized root growth over leaf development. Actually, different analyses showed responses which suggest a passive survival strategy for leaves coexisting with an active engagement of the root in drought-stressed plants. New non-destructive and non-toxic protocols are needed to simulate drought conditions to better characterize plant responses under controlled conditions. To that end, in chapter 3, a new simple, efficient and reproducible method is presented to simulate in vitro drought stress conditions in M. truncatula seedlings grown on plates containing different agar concentrations. After validating of this method, it was observed that roots, rather than shoots, play a key role in plant adaptation to stress conditions. The relative simplicity of the method allows for its large-scale application in studies such as population screening for drought resistance traits in a variety of plants. Additionally, in chapter 4 we applied this method in combination with physiological, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses in one of the most important parts of the root, the absorption zone, responsible for absorbing water and nutrients thus allowing the plant growth.
Recommended publications
  • Extrasynthese Product List 1 8) 萜类:包括单萜类、倍半萜类、二萜类
    Extrasynthese Product List 1 法国EXTRASYNTHESE(ES)成立于1986年,坐落在法国里昂,专注于中草药标准品,现货库存产品超一千种,其中纯化的植物提取物质多达数百种,ES运用最先进的分离技术,及各 种分析检测方法包括气相色谱、高效液相、质谱等,对天然物质进行提取、合成及纯化。产品主要用于: 农业,食品,饲料,保健,香精,化妆品,医疗,药品等行业的科研。 产品种类包括: 1) 生物碱:包括吖嗪类、吲哚类、异喹啉类、喹啉类、喹诺里西啶类等。 2) 氨基酸 3) 黄酮类:包括黄烷酮,黄酮,黄酮醇,异黄烷,异黄酮和双黄酮、花青素、原花青素以及儿茶素。 4) 香豆素:包括呋喃香豆素、甲基香豆素和其他香豆素。 5) 糖类及其衍生物:包括寡糖类和糖苷类。 6) 脂质类:包括脂肪酸衍生物和维生素E类似物。 7) 甾醇类 8) 萜类:包括单萜类、倍半萜类、二萜类、三萜类和类胡萝卜素(四萜类色素)。 9) 其它有机物:包括多种酚类、苯丙烷、氧杂蒽酮、醌类等。 Extrasynthese Product List 2 1. 生物碱类 生物碱是一种天然存在的含氮原子的化合物,对动物和人类具有药理的作用。对于植物,具有保护其免受害虫和天敌的作用。不仅如此,对于人类而言,它们可广泛应用于医学领域。 由于其巨大的多样性,植物生物碱的分类也呈现出多样化:包括通过结构,通过生物合成途径,通过植物的药理作用等等,而对于ES的分析标准品,选择的是通过结构的方式进行分 类。包括吖嗪类、哌啶及其衍生物、吲哚类、异喹啉类、喹啉类、喹诺里西啶类、萜类和莨菪烷类。 货号 中文名 英文名 CAS 分子式 分子量 规格 纯度 ZES-1610 DL-假木贼 DL-Anabasine 13078-04-1 C10H14N2 162.23 100mg ≥90% ZES-1703 氢溴酸槟榔碱 Arecoline hydrobromide 300-08-3 C8H13NO2,HBr 236.11 100mg ZES-1504 DL-盐酸毒芹碱 DL-Coniine hydrochloride 15991-59-0 C8H17N,HCl 163.69 10mg ZES-1534 康尼碱 Conyrine 622-39-9 C8H11N 121.19 100mg ZES-1510 α-盐酸洛贝林 alpha-Lobeline hydrochloride 134-63-4 C22H27NO2,HCl 373.92 100mg ≥95% ZES-0607A 麦斯明 Myosmine 532-12-7 C9H10N2 146.19 50mg ≥95% ZES-1520 胡椒碱 Piperine 94-62-2 C17H19NO3 285.35 1g ≥90% ZES-1868 荜茇酰胺 Piperlongumine 20069-09-4 C17H19NO5 317.35 10mg ≥90% ZES-1523 葫芦巴碱 Trigonelline 535-83-1 C7H7NO2 137.15 100mg ≥95% ZES-1524 盐酸胡芦巴碱 Trigonelline hydrochloride 6138-41-6 C7H7NO2,HCl 173.61 100mg ≥95% ZES-1563 细胞松弛素C Cytochalasin C 22144-76-9 C29H37NO6 507.63 1mg ZES-8986 辣椒素 Capsaicin 404-86-4 C18H27NO3 305.43 10mg ≥95% ZES-6660 二氢辣椒素 Dihydrocapsaicin 19408-84-5
    [Show full text]
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2011/0223256A1 Zhang Et Al
    US 20110223256A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2011/0223256A1 Zhang et al. (43) Pub. Date: Sep. 15, 2011 (54) METHOD FOR STABILIZING FILAVONOID Publication Classification AQUEOUS DISPERSION (51) Int. Cl. A6IR 9/14 (2006.01) (75) Inventors: Naijie Zhang, Ridgefield, CT (US); A63L/352 (2006.01) Vincent E.A. Rinaldi, Bethel, CT A63L/335 (2006.01) (US); Peter S. Given, JR., A63L/05 (2006.01) Ridgefield, CT (US) A6II 3L/22 (2006.01) A63L/7048 (2006.01) (73) Assignee: STOKELY-VAN CAMP, INC., A6IP33/6 (2006.01) Chicago, IL (US) (52) U.S. Cl. ......... 424/493: 514/456; 514/450; 514/734; 514/679; 514/27 (21) Appl. No.: 13/036,161 (57) ABSTRACT A method for Suspending microparticulated water insoluble (22) Filed: Feb. 28, 2011 bioactive compound in a beverage by incorporating solubi lized or dispersed microparticulated compound and at least one dispersion stabilizer into a beverage. A composition com Related U.S. Application Data prising solubilized or dispersed microparticulated water (60) Provisional application No. 61/312,694, filed on Mar. insoluble bioactive compound and a dispersion stabilizer 11, 2010. agent. E= 5. I Probe = 2f )A Aag = 50X Reference ag. = Curtiew. = r Feate = 24-327-2. late 14 Patent Application Publication Sep. 15, 2011 Sheet 1 of 4 US 2011/0223256 A1 &&. S SS E = i. Sigra A = WPSE G3 a = 9a urn I Prote = 201 A Aag = 5x Reference Aag = Cutiew, = . Fs are = 92-2-928-2 s. are: 2 SS = . Signal A = WPSG3 arrer = a Pa I Probe - 408 EA Aag = 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Rubber Composition and Tire with Rubber Containing Flavone
    (19) TZZ ¥Z¥__T (11) EP 2 730 431 A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: (51) Int Cl.: 14.05.2014 Bulletin 2014/20 B60C 1/00 (2006.01) C08K 5/1545 (2006.01) (21) Application number: 13191506.8 (22) Date of filing: 05.11.2013 (84) Designated Contracting States: (72) Inventor: Sandstrom, Paul Harry AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio 44223 (US) GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR (74) Representative: Kutsch, Bernd Designated Extension States: Goodyear S.A. BA ME Patent Department Avenue Gordon Smith (30) Priority: 13.11.2012 US 201213674978 7750 Colmar-Berg (LU) (71) Applicant: The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Akron, Ohio 44316 (US) (54) Rubber composition and tire with rubber containing flavone (57) A rubber composition comprising a diene based cobalt. Also, a pneumatic tire comprising such a rubber elastomer and an adhesion promoter derived from a fla- composition is disclosed. vone, a methylene donor and a methylene acceptor is disclosed. The rubber composition is essentially free of EP 2 730 431 A1 Printed by Jouve, 75001 PARIS (FR) EP 2 730 431 A1 Description Background of the Invention 5 [0001] A tire is a composite of several components each serving a specific and unique function yet all synergistically functioning to produce the desired performance. In several tire components, an in-situ resin is included in a rubber composition to impart desirable properties to the rubber composition, including hardness, tear strength, and adhesion to reinforcement.
    [Show full text]
  • Chromadex Product List
    Uni-Asia Scientific Instrument Company Limited - Your Worldwide Laboratory Supplies Sourcing Partner Email [email protected] Website www.uniasiahk.com Please browse through our product lists or send your enquiry to [email protected] for a quotation! Bulk pricing can always be discussed! ChromaDex Product List Code Discriptions ASB-00001001-001-1GABIETIC ACID(SYLVIC ACID)(RG) ASB-00001001-005-5GABIETIC ACID(SYLVIC ACID)(RG) ASB-00001001-010-10GABIETIC ACID(SYLVIC ACID)(RG) ASB-00001003-100-100MGABIETIC ACID(SYLVIC ACID)(SH) ASB-00001003-250-250MGABIETIC ACID(SYLVIC ACID)(SH) ASB-00001006-010-10MGABRINE, L-(RG) ASB-00001006-050-50MGABRINE, L-(RG) ASB-00001006-500-500MGABRINE, L-(RG) ASB-00001010-001-1MGABSCISIC ACID, (+)-(P) ASB-00001010-010-10MGABSCISIC ACID, (+)-(P) ASB-00001014-010-10MGABSCISIC ACID, (+/-)-(P) ASB-00001015-025-25MGABSCISIC ACID, (+/-)-(RG) ASB-00001015-100-100MGABSCISIC ACID, (+/-)-(RG) ASB-00001025-010-10MGACACETIN(METHYL-4'-APIGENIN)(SH) ASB-00001027-050-50MGACACETIN(METHYL-4'-APIGENIN)(RG) ASB-00001027-100-100MGACACETIN(METHYL-4'-APIGENIN)(RG) ASB-00001030-101-1KGACEROLA CHERRY POWDER(with corn syrup solids) ASB-00001033-100-100MGACESULFAME-K(P) ASB-00001033-250-250MGACESULFAME-K(P) ASB-00001035-010-10MGACETAMIDOCOUMARIN, 3-(RG) ASB-00001035-025-25MGACETAMIDOCOUMARIN, 3-(RG) ASB-00001035-100-100MGACETAMIDOCOUMARIN, 3-(RG) ASB-00001045-100-100MGACETAMIDO-2-DEOXY-D-GALACTOPYRANOSE, 2-(RG) ASB-00001050-001-1GACETAMINOPHEN(RG) ASB-00001050-100-100MGACETAMINOPHEN(RG) ASB-00001051-250-250MGACETAMINOPHEN(P) ASB-00001051-500-500MGACETAMINOPHEN(P)
    [Show full text]
  • 2011/112386 Al
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date Χ n n / 1 1 15 September 2011 (15.09.2011) 2011/112386 Al (51) International Patent Classification: (74) Agent: ROKOS, Rebecca, P.; Banner & Witcoff, LTD., A23L 1/0522 (2006.01) A23L 1/054 (2006.01) Ten South Wacker Drive, Suite 3000, Chicago, IL 60606 A23L 1/0524 (2006.01) A23L 2/52 (2006.01) (US). A23L 1/0526 (2006.01) A23L 2/66 (2006.01) (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every A23L 1/053 (2006.01) A23L 1/30 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, (21) International Application Number: AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, PCT/US201 1/026584 CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, (22) International Filing Date: HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, 1 March 201 1 (01 .03.201 1) KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, (25) Filing Language: English ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, (26) Publication Language: English SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, (30) Priority Data: TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. 61/3 12,694 11 March 2010 ( 11.03.2010) US (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, STOKELY-VAN CAMP, INC.
    [Show full text]
  • In Silico, in Vitro and in Vivo Memory Enhancing Activity
    IN SILICO, IN VITRO AND IN VIVO MEMORY ENHANCING ACTIVITY OF CERTAIN COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE FLAVONOIDS IN SCOPOLAMINE AND ALUMINIUM-INDUCED LEARNING IMPAIRMENT IN MICE Thesis submitted to The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai for the award of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in PHARMACY Submitted by A. MADESWARAN, M. Pharm., Under the guidance of Dr. K. ASOK KUMAR, M. Pharm., Ph.D. College of Pharmacy, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Paramedical Sciences, Coimbatore – 641 044, Tamil Nadu, India. JUNE 2017 Certificate This is to certify that the Ph.D. dissertation entitled “IN SILICO, IN VITRO AND IN VIVO MEMORY ENHANCING ACTIVITY OF CERTAIN COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE FLAVONOIDS IN SCOPOLAMINE AND ALUMINIUM- INDUCED LEARNING IMPAIRMENT IN MICE” being submitted to The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai, for the award of degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the FACULTY OF PHARMACY was carried out by Mr. A. MADESWARAN, in College of Pharmacy, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Paramedical Sciences, Coimbatore, under my direct supervision and guidance to my fullest satisfaction. The contents of this thesis, in full or in parts, have not been submitted to any other Institute or University for the award of any degree or diploma. Dr. K. Asok Kumar, M.Pharm., Ph.D. Professor & Head, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Paramedical Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu - 641 044. Place: Coimbatore – 44. Date: Certificate This is to certify that the Ph.D. dissertation entitled “IN SILICO, IN VITRO AND IN VIVO MEMORY ENHANCING ACTIVITY OF CERTAIN COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE FLAVONOIDS IN SCOPOLAMINE AND ALUMINIUM- INDUCED LEARNING IMPAIRMENT IN MICE” being submitted to The Tamil Nadu Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Antiarrhythmic and Anti-Ischaemic Activity of Some Flavones in the Guinea-Pig and Rat
    Comparative Antiarrhythmic and Anti-ischaemic Activity of some Flavones in the Guinea-pig and Rat F. Occhiuto,* G. Busa, S. Ragusat and A. De Pasquale Pharmaco Biological Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Messina, Italy t Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy A comparative study of 16 flavones was carried out using 4 experimental models: 1, hyperkinetic ventricular arrhythmias induced by reperfusion in rat isolated heart; 2, arrhythmias following coronary artery ligation-reperfusion in anaesthetized guinea-pig; 3, pytressine arrhythmii by coronary spasm in anaes- thetized guinea-pig; and 4, anti-ischaemic activity using an ex uiuo perfusion heart technique after coronary occlusion in guinea-pig. The structure effect relationships of flavone, Ihydroxytlavone, &hydroxytlavone, 7-hydroxyflavone, 6,7-dihydroxytlavone, 7,8-dihydroxytlavone, apigenin, apiin, diosmin, 5-hydroxyfhvone, luteolin, luteolin glycoside, orientin, pratol, rhoifolin, viterdn, tested as antiarrhythmic and anti-ischaemic agents were compared to lidocaine and verapamil at equimolar doses. The results obtained demonstrated that most of these compounds exerted a protective effect against coronary-spasm and coronary-ligation induced ischaemic crisis, and against the ischaemic and the post-iscbaemic arrhythmias. The potencies were found to be structurally dependent for the flavones tested. Keywoh: flavones; isolated rat heart; coronary ligation; coronary spasm; reperfusion; ventricular ar- rhythmia; myocardial ischaemic area. INTRODUCTION In uiuo experiments Male guinea-pigs weighing 350- 500g, were anaesthetized with uretane (1 g/kg i.p.) and artificially ventilated with room air via a tracheal Flavonoids form a large class of plant-derived cannula attached to a Harvard Ventilator, Harvard 2-phenylchromone substances present in the diet and Apparatus, Chicago, IL, USA (50 strokedmin, which have low mammalian toxicity.
    [Show full text]
  • The Structural Chemistry of Naturally Occurring Flavones and Flavonols
    THE STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY OF NATURALLY OCCURRING FLAVONES AND FLAVONOLS BY P. SURYAPRAKASA RAO AND T. R. SESHADRI (From the Department of Chemistry, Andhra University, Waltair) Received March 23, 1943 FLAVONES and flavonols form a large group of naturally occurring organic colouring matters. Though their economic importance as dyestuffs has largely diminished, interest in their chemistry continues unabated. In connection with the important and useful investigation intended to provide a chemical basis for the botanical classification of plants, they seem to be capable of playing a part. There are other considerations also. Compounds having structures based essentially on flavones and flavonols appear to exhibit certain desirable physiological properties. For example, hesperidin has been claimed to be a vitamin and karanjin has insecticidal and other valuable properties. Flavone (C 16H1002) (I) the parent of this numerically large group occurs in nature. The others are structurally derived from it by the substitution of the hydrogen atoms in various ways and to varying degrees by hydroxyl or methoxyl groups. Though it may be possible for all the ten hydrogen atoms to be replaced, the maximum number of substituents so far met with is only seven. Compounds with four, five and six hydroxyl groups are more common than the others and those with five are the most numerous. 0 /8\/i 2 1, 4^ C '^ 7 s ^ I A OB I a^ a^^ a R g a\ CO R = H ; Flavone (I) R — OH; Flavonol For purposes of classification of flavones and flavonols the nature of the benzene ring (A) in the benzopyrone part of the molecule is taken as the basis in this paper.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear Oxidation in the Flavones and Related Compounds Are Summed Up
    NUCLEAR OXIDATION IN THE FLAVONES AND RELATED COMPOUN'DS Part XIII. A Discasaion of the Results By T. R. SESHADRI, F.A.Se. (From the Department 0/ Chemistry, Andhra University, Waltair) Received April 29, 1948 I. BIOGENESIS IN a paper by Rao and Seshadri! published in 1943 data bearing on the occur­ rence of anthoxanthins and their association in nature were presented and discussed. They were found to support the theory of Robinson regarding the origin of anthocyanins and anthoxanthins from a common precursor (I). The most outstanding structural feature of the anthoxanthins is the large number of states of oxidation in which ring (A) is capable of existing. The biological data could satisfactorily be explained on the basis that flavones and flavonols having two hydroxyl groups (5: 7) in ring (A) represent primary stages in biogenesis and those having three hydroxyls (5: 6: 7 or 5: 7 : 8) and four hydroxyls (5: 6: 7: 8) involve additional stages of oxidation. (I) Al 1 2 T. R. Seshadri Laboratory experiments on nuclear oxidation in support of the above conclusions could not be carried out at that time owing to severe war conditions. They could be taken up more recently and the subject examined in detail. At the beginning it appeared that direct attack on the flavones themselves was not likely to be successful in view of the failures recorded in the past." 7 Consequently as the first stage in the development of the model experiments phloroglucinol derivatives were chosen. Phloroaceto­ phenone and w-methoxy-phloroacetophenone (II) and their derivatives had not been subjected to nuclear oxidation before.
    [Show full text]
  • F422613520.Pdf
    1 www.chromadex.com table of contents Table of Contents 01 New Products 01 Handbook of Analytical Methods for Dietary Supplements 02 Introduction Letter-Mission Statement 03 How to Use this Catalog 04 Example of CofA 05 Examples of Product Labels 06 Contract Services Section 07 Bioassay Services (New) 15 Bioluminex (New) 18 Paclitaxel(Taxane) Related Standards 24 AHP™ Section – Monographs 26 AHP™ Verified Standards 27 Reference Materials(BRMs and XRMs) 30 Kits Section 33 Glossary defi nitions 51 General Catalog 52 General Information 303 Standard Terms and Conditions of Sale 304 International Distributors Back Cover new products for 2006/2007 new phytochemical standards available for: Stevia – a complete range of reference standards is now available in a kit format Mangosteen xanthones – 6 xanthones now available in a kit Paclitaxel(Taxanes) – New taxanes now available Horsechestnut – TWO purified saponins are now available in a kit Yellow star thistle – NEW compounds available Vitamins – A complete list of Primary(P) standards is now available Oleander – Oleandrin and other related compounds now available Annatto – Bixin and Norbixin are now available as Primary(P) reference standards Gentian – a complete list of bitter compounds now available Botanical Reference Materials(BRMs) – the list of new materials keeps growing Bulk Phytochemicals – we can now offer many compounds in gram quantities Tocotrienols are back Creatine Ethyl Ester and other related creatine compounds Sesamin and Sesamol for sesame extracts Bioassay Services are now
    [Show full text]
  • PDF-Copy of an Author's Pre-Print of a Manuscript Submitted For
    This is an author's Pre-print of a manuscript submitted for publication in Phytochemical Analysis. Please cite as: Arroo RRJ, Sari S, Barut B, Özel A, Ruparelia KC, Şöhretoğlu D (2020) Flavones as tyrosinase inhibitors: kinetic studies in vitro and in silico. Phytochem Anal. 31(3): 314-321. https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.2897 Epub 2020 Jan 29 1 1 Flavones as tyrosinase inhibitors: kinetic studies in vitro and in silico 2 3 4 Randolph RJ Arrooa, *, Suat Sarib, Burak Barutc, Arzu Özelc,d, Ketan C Rupareliaa, 5 Didem Şöhretoğlue 6 a* Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, 7 United Kingdom 8 bHacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 9 Sıhhiye, Ankara, TR-06100, Ankara, Turkey 10 cKaradeniz Technical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, 11 Trabzon,Turkey 12 dKaradeniz Technical University, Drug and Pharmaceutical Technology Application and 13 Research Center, Trabzon, Turkey 14 eHacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Sıhhiye, Ankara, 15 TR-06100, Ankara, Turkey 16 * Corresponding author: 17 Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway 18 Leicester LE1 9BH, United Kingdom 19 E-mail: [email protected] 20 Tel: +44 116 250 6386 21 2 22 Abstract 23 Introduction – Tyrosinase is a multifunctional copper-containing oxidase enzyme that 24 catalyzes the first steps in the formation of melanin pigments. Identification of tyrosinase 25 inhibitors is of value for applications in cosmetics, medicine and agriculture. 26 Objective – To develop an analytical method that allows identification of drug-like natural 27 products that can be further developed as tyrosinase inhibitors.
    [Show full text]
  • PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES a Guide to Ethnobotanical Plants and Herbs, Synthetic Chemicals, Compounds and Products
    PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES A Guide to Ethnobotanical Plants and Herbs, Synthetic Chemicals, Compounds and Products. Acknowledgements: Acknowledgement: This Guide was compiled by Sinead O’Mahony Carey, Drug Education Officer, Substance Misuse Service South Tipperary. The Substance Misuse Service would like to thank Aine de Leastar, Anne-Marie Dunne and Karen O’Loughlin for their contribution and endless hours of research and referencing. Health Service Executive South Psychoactive Substances Manual (Edition 1.1) Compiled by: Sinead O’Mahony Carey Drug Education Officer Substance Misuse Service 11-12 Peter St., Clonmel. (052) 6177900 Graphic Design: Leo McCormack (Swift Design - 087 6499990) Introduction The ‘Guide to Ethnobotanical Plants and Herbs, Synthetic Chemicals, Compounds and Products’ available to the Irish Market has been collated and designed by the Drug Education Officer and team in the Substance Misuse Service HSE, South Tipperary. This edition is a follow on to ‘A Guide to Substance Misuse for Medical Professionals’ launched in November 2009. This Guide has been produced in response to requests from workers, users, medical professionals and academics for information on the emerging issue of legal herbal highs, plants and chemical alternatives available to buy in shops and online. Legal highs, legal alternatives and natural highs have become a world wide phenomenon in recent years both here in Ireland and on the International stage. The current concern for users, parents and professionals working with people using and misusing Psychoactive Substances is their after effects and how they can negatively impact on the body and mind. A Psychoactive Substance is a drug (any substance that changes the way a body and mind feels acts or thinks) that is not controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1977-84 and is therefore legal to use and possess.
    [Show full text]