Volume 2: Environmental Impact Assessment TOTAL Upgrader Project Table of Contents

Table of Contents

2 Assessment Methods ...... 2-1 2.1 Introduction ...... 2-1 2.2 Structure of Discipline Sections ...... 2-1 2.2.1 Setting ...... 2-1 2.2.2 Assessment Focus ...... 2-1 2.2.3 Study Area ...... 2-1 2.2.4 Methods...... 2-2 2.2.5 Baseline Conditions ...... 2-3 2.2.6 Effects Management – Project Design and Mitigation Measures ...... 2-3 2.2.7 Project Residual Effects ...... 2-3 2.2.8 Cumulative Effects Assessment ...... 2-4 2.2.9 Prediction Confidence ...... 2-4 2.2.10 Climate Change Effects ...... 2-4 2.2.11 Management and Monitoring ...... 2-4 2.3 Project Inclusion List ...... 2-5 2.4 Project Team ...... 2-12

List of Tables

Table 2.3-1 Projects Included in the Assessment Cases ...... 2-7 Table 2.3-2 Project Inclusion List ...... 2-9

List of Figures

Figure 2.3-1 Base and Planned Development Case Facilities Near the TOTAL Upgrader ...... 2-6

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TOTAL Upgrader Project Volume 2: Environmental Impact Assessment Table of Contents

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Volume 2: Environmental Impact Assessment TOTAL Upgrader Project Acronyms and Abbreviations

Acronyms and Abbreviations

EIA ...... environmental impact assessment FAP ...... Fort Air Partnership LSA ...... local study area RSA ...... regional study area

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TOTAL Upgrader Project Volume 2: Environmental Impact Assessment Acronyms and Abbreviations

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Volume 2: Environmental Impact Assessment TOTAL Upgrader Project Section 2: Assessment Methods

2 Assessment Methods

2.1 Introduction This section provides an overview of the methods used to complete the assessment of potential effects of the upgrader. This includes: • an explanation of the purpose and environmental assessment method followed in the discipline assessments • a description of the other projects and activities considered in the assessment of cumulative effects

2.2 Structure of Discipline Sections Most of the environmental impact assessment (EIA) discipline sections follow a common structure. The following outlines the general information presented under corresponding headings in the discipline sections.

2.2.1 Setting A brief description is provided of the region’s environmental setting relevant to the discipline.

2.2.2 Assessment Focus The assessment focus is a description of the issues that form the basis of what is assessed. These issues originate from the Alberta Environment Terms of Reference, public consultation, focus of assessments from other similar projects in the region and from experience of the discipline specialist conducting the assessment.

2.2.3 Study Area Assessments are conducted in a local study area (LSA) and regional study area (RSA), selected to reflect the area where upgrader-specific effects could occur. The study areas are discipline-specific, and the rationale for selection of the study area boundaries is provided in each of the discipline sections. The boundaries of these areas are affected by the general environmental setting of the region, key assessment issues, and spatial and temporal extent of upgrader effects. In addition, study areas were also defined by discrete (point) receptor locations required to support analysis in some disciplines. For more information on the receptor locations, see Section 2.2.3.3.

2.2.3.1 Local Study Area Upgrader-specific effects are addressed within an LSA. Most of the baseline data for a discipline were collected in the LSA.

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TOTAL Upgrader Project Volume 2: Environmental Impact Assessment Section 2: Assessment Methods

2.2.3.2 Regional Study Area The larger RSA provides context for the assessment of effects in the LSA, as well as the basis for identifying and assessing cumulative environmental effects from other land uses or projects with effects that potentially overlap with those of the upgrader.

2.2.3.3 Receptor Locations Discrete receptor locations in the vicinity of the upgrader were compiled for use in the air, noise, light and human health assessments. These disciplines chose relevant subsets of the locations for their analyses. The list includes the following receptor locations: • residences and communities • agricultural areas (e.g., farms) • industries and businesses • recreational areas • air quality monitoring stations Information on the location and ownership of discrete receptor locations was collected, when available, from an area within a 7.5-km radius (based on the human health LSA) around the upgrader site. Some communities and air quality monitoring stations were also included outside this area. Each receptor location is identified with a unique number.

2.2.4 Methods

2.2.4.1 General Approach Each discipline section includes a description of the method used to assess potential effects caused by the upgrader and by the upgrader combined with other human activities. This includes numerical models if used, or a qualitative approach using professional judgement.

2.2.4.2 Effects Characterization Each discipline section indicates if effects were characterized. Effects characterization is a description of an effect that assists the understanding of the meaning of assessment results through the use of effects descriptors. Effects descriptors include magnitude/extent, duration, seasonal timing, frequency, reversibility and environmental consequence. Effects were characterized for aquatic resources, terrain and soils, vegetation, wildlife and land use. These disciplines assessed effects on biological resources (fish, organic soils, plants, animals and use of the land by people), which directly or indirectly (i.e., through effects first on air or water) are receptors to project effects, and for which published thresholds do not exist or are readily available or applicable.

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Volume 2: Environmental Impact Assessment TOTAL Upgrader Project Section 2: Assessment Methods

Effects were not characterized for air, noise, light, visibility, groundwater, hydrology, surface water quality, human health and historical resources. However, these disciplines did, to the extent possible and applicable, refer to published numerical thresholds (typically government guidelines) to compare with assessment results. Examples of these include: • criteria air emissions as ambient quality objectives • noise levels in the form of permissible sound levels • surface and groundwater quality as numerical guidelines • exposure risk related to human health (e.g., exposure due to air emissions) For the noise, light, visibility and human health assessments, although humans are receptors, the results of the analysis are most appropriately interpreted through comparisons with published values.

2.2.5 Baseline Conditions This section summarizes current environmental conditions, data collection methods and analytical procedures to characterize those conditions. For complete baseline information, see Environmental Baseline Studies provided on compact disc (CD) in a plastic sleeve insert inside the back cover of this Volume 2 binder.

2.2.6 Effects Management – Project Design and Mitigation Measures Design and mitigation measures for reducing potential environmental effects of the upgrader are presented in this section. Upgrader-specific mitigation measures can include design, construction and operations features, such as low-emission processes, water management plans and reclamation strategies. Upgrader-specific mitigation measures are designed to minimize local effects and reduce the upgrader’s contribution to regional cumulative effects. Where applicable, both upgrader-specific and regional mitigation measures are discussed. Regional mitigation refers to cooperative initiatives among operators of industrial facilities in the area to manage regional cumulative effects. Such initiatives could include integrating emergency response planning or participating in infrastructure improvement plans with neighbouring industrial operations.

2.2.7 Project Residual Effects Residual project effects refer to the effects of the upgrader that remain after implementation of mitigation measures. This section provides the analytical results of the assessment of potential upgrader effects. This is done to assess the issues previously identified, and might be organized by differing cause–effect relationships. The potential for cumulative effects was also evaluated for predicted effects. Localized residual effects with low environmental consequence typically would not lead to regional cumulative effects, particularly if the upgrader effect was not found to overlap with similar effects of other projects. Only upgrader effects that could potentially contribute to regional cumulative effects from other projects were included in the cumulative effects assessment.

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2.2.8 Cumulative Effects Assessment Upgrader effects with the potential to contribute to regional effects are identified in the Project Residual Effects section. If such a regional effect was identified, a cumulative effects assessment was done to evaluate the relative importance of the upgrader’s contribution to regional cumulative effects for the resource in question. Three assessment cases were considered (as required in the Alberta Environment Terms of Reference) representing different points in time and degrees of development by projects in the region: 1. Base Case: assessment of the cumulative effects of all existing and approved activities (as of approximately summer 2007) 2. Application Case: assessment of the cumulative effects of all existing and approved activities and the upgrader effects during full upgrader operations (approximately Year 2019). 3. Planned Development Case: assessment of the cumulative effects of all existing and approved activities, the upgrader effects and all planned (disclosed) project effects. For the projects included in the different assessment cases, see Section 2.3: Project Inclusion List.

2.2.9 Prediction Confidence The confidence in effects prediction was estimated or calculated for each assessed upgrader residual and cumulative effect. Prediction confidence was ranked qualitatively on a scale from low to high for the following: • quality of baseline data • confidence in analyses (e.g., of modelling used to assess effects) • confidence in the effectiveness of mitigation measures

2.2.10 Climate Change Effects Possible assessment changes in effects and mitigation of those effects due to climate change are discussed in this section. Such assessment changes are based on a possible future climate change scenario for the region as described in Volume 2, Section 3.8.9, and considering possible upgrader design changes (i.e., engineering response to changing climate conditions) as described in that section.

2.2.11 Management and Monitoring Management and monitoring initiatives are described in this section. These initiatives represent follow-up measures to address upgrader effects. Management is typically collaborative regional management, such as might be applied within an airshed or watershed. Monitoring involves a monitoring program designed to observe and measure effects to determine if an effect was as-predicted in the assessment and if mitigation has been successful. Revised mitigation and monitoring might be implemented depending on the findings of such programs.

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2.3 Project Inclusion List For existing and planned developments included in the three assessment cases, Base, Application and Planned Development, see Table 2.3-1 and Table 2.3-2. For the locations of existing and planned facilities in the vicinity of the upgrader, see Figure 2.3-1. Table 2.3-1 lists the projects alphabetically, grouped by each assessment case and indicates which of the assessment cases considers each project. Table 2.3-2 provides discipline-specific information on the inclusion of existing and planned projects in each assessment case. The projects have been organized into the following major groups: • upgraders in the Fort Saskatchewan/Industrial Heartland region • other facilities within the Fort Air Partnership (FAP) area (see Section 3: Air, Figure 3.2-1) • other facilities in the Edmonton region Upgraders (which are all located in the FAP area) are presented separately due to their relative importance to regional effects. Other projects have been divided geographically in the FAP (because of the important role of the project inclusion list in identifying regional emission sources) and Edmonton regions.

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325000 345000 365000

831

R ed wa te r

0 R 0 iv 0 er 0 0 0 5 5 8 8 9 9 5 5 Legal ARC Resources

Newalta Disposal Redwater Redwater Waste Disposal Synenco Northern Lights Upgrader

Agrium Redwater

North West Upgrading Bon Access Pipelines Accord Fort Hills Energy LP Sturgeon Upgrader Kinder Morgan(Terasen) Shell Scotford Refinery Morinville Degussa BA Energy Upgrader

0 Gibbons Enbridge StatoilHydro 0

0 Provident Energy 0

0 Pipelines Upgrader 0 5 TransCanada Energy 5 6 ERCO Worldwide 6 9 er Shell Scotford Upgrader 9 5 iv 5 R n 28A HAZCO eo Air Liquide rg u Canexus St Shell Chemicals Bruderheim BP Canada Fractionation Aux Sable Gem Sod Farms Shell Scotford Expansion 1 and 2 Prospec Chemicals Upgrader 2 W4 Industrial Park Dow Chemical Lamont Agrium Fort Sask. Keyera Energy Bunge TransAlta Cogen LP Sherritt International Praxair Marsulex Inc. Umicore ATCO Midstream

Fort Saskatchewan 0 0 0 0

0 Capital Region 0

5 Elk Island 5

4 Wastewater Treatment 4

9 National Park 9

5 Edmonton 5 21 Celanese Owens-Corning Air Products Industrial Facilities Gold Bar Wastewater Georgia-Pacific Base Case AT Plastics 16 Alcan Procor Planned Development Case Petro-Canada Refinery Envirofor Preservers Imperial Oil Project Development Area Alberta Envirofuels Paved Access

EPCOR Thermal AltaSteel Unpaved Access Power Plant Canetic Railway EPCOR Rossdale Watercourse University of Alberta

0 Protected Area 0 0 EPCOR E.L. Smith 0 0 0

5 Urban Area 5 2 2 9 9 5 5

325000 345000 365000

TITLE SCALE FIGURE 2.3-1 4 0 4 8 12 BASE AND PLANNED DEVELOPMENT CASE Distance in Kilometres FACILITIES NEAR THE TOTAL UPGRADER Volume 2: Environmental Impact Assessment TOTAL Upgrader Project Section 2: Assessment Methods

Table 2.3-1 Projects Included in the Assessment Cases

Planned Application Base Case Development Developments Case Case ■ ■ ■ Access Pipelines Redwater Trim Blending Facility Agrium Products Fort Saskatchewan Fertilizer Plant Agrium Products Redwater Facility Air Liquide Canada Scotford Cogeneration Power Plant Air Products Canada Hydrogen Plant Alberta Envirofuels Iso-octane Manufacturing Plant Alcan Coke Processing Plant AltaSteel Steel Manufacturing Plant ARC Resources Redwater Gas Conservation Plant AT Plastics Manufacturing Plant ATCO Midstream Fort Saskatchewan Sour Gas Plant Aux Sable Heartland Offgas Project BA Energy Heartland Upgrader BP Canada Energy Fort Saskatchewan Fractionation Plant Bunge Canada Fort Saskatchewan Oilseed Processing Plant Canetic Resources Acheson Plant Canexus Chemicals Canada Bruderheim Sodium Chlorate Plant Celanese Canada Edmonton Chemical Plant City of Edmonton Gold Bar Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Edmonton Capital Region Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Edmonton Storm Sewers and Combined Sewer Overflows Degussa Canada Gibbons Hydrogen Peroxide Plant Dow Chemical Fort Saskatchewan Chemical Plant Edmonton Area Community and Traffic Air Emission Sources EPCOR Rossdale Thermal Power Plant EPCOR Rossdale and E.L. Smith Water Treatment Plants ERCO Worldwide Bruderheim Sodium Chlorate Plant FAP Area Air Emissions Sources Gem Sod Farms Ltd. Georgia-Pacific Gypsum Wallboard Imperial Oil Resources Strathcona Refinery Keyera Energy Fort Saskatchewan Fractionation Facility Manderlay Corporation Turfgrass Facility Marsulex Fort Saskatchewan Chemical Plant Newalta Redwater Disposal Facility

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Table 2.3-1 Projects Included in the Assessment Cases (cont’d)

Application Planned Base Case Developments Case Development Case ■ ■ ■ Norbest Farms Ltd. North West Upgrader Project Owens Corning Canada Insulation Manufacturing Petro-Canada Products Edmonton Refinery

Praxair Canada Air Separation and CO2 Production Facility Procor Railcar Washing Facility Prospec Chemicals Fort Saskatchewan Xanthate Plant Provident Energy Redwater Fractionation Facility Redwater Waste Disposal Facility Shell Canada Products Scotford Oil Refinery Shell Canada Scotford Upgrader Shell Canada Scotford Upgrader Expansion 1 Shell Chemicals Canada Scotford Styrene and MEG Plant Sherritt International Fort Saskatchewan Fertilizer Plant TransAlta Fort Saskatchewan Cogeneration Power Plant TransCanada Energy Redwater Cogeneration Power Plant Umicore Canada Fort Saskatchewan Metal Plant University of Alberta Cooling Water Facility W4 Heavy Industrial Park ■ ■ TOTAL Upgrader Project ■ Aux Sable Confidential Projects 1, 2 and 3 Enbridge Pipelines Inc. South Crude Oil Terminal and Tankage Facilities Envirofor Preservers Ltd. CCA Wood Treatment and Fixation Plant Fort Hills Energy LP Sturgeon Upgrader HAZCO Environmental Services Bruderheim Sulphur Forming Facility Kinder Morgan Canada North Forty Tank Farm Shell Canada Scotford Upgrader 2 StatoilHydro (North American Oil Sands Corp.) Upgrader Synenco Northern Lights Upgrader Project

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Volume 2: Environmental Impact Assessment TOTAL Upgrader Project Section 2: Assessment Methods

Table 2.3-2 Project Inclusion List

Air Quality Surface Water Disciplines1 Planned Planned Operator Facility Base Application Development Base Application Development Upgraders BA Energy Inc. Heartland Upgrader ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Fort Hills Energy LP Sturgeon Upgrader ■ ■ North West Upgrading Inc. North West Upgrader Project ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Shell Canada Scotford Upgrader ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Shell Canada Scotford Upgrader Expansion 1 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Shell Canada Scotford Upgrader 2 ■ ■ StatoilHydro (North American Oil Bitumen Upgrader ■ ■ Sands Corp.) Synenco Energy Inc. Northern Lights Upgrader Project ■ ■ Other Facilities within the Fort Air Partnership Area Access Pipelines Inc.2 Redwater Trim Blending Facility2 ■ ■ ■ Agrium Products Inc. Fort Saskatchewan Fertilizer Plant ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Agrium Products Inc. Agrium Redwater facility ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Air Liquide Canada Inc. Scotford Cogeneration Power Plant ■ ■ ■ ARC Resources Ltd. Redwater Gas Conservation Plant ■ ■ ■ ATCO Midstream Fort Saskatchewan Sour Gas Plant ■ ■ ■ Aux Sable Canada Ltd. Heartland Offgas Project ■ ■ ■ Aux Sable Canada Ltd. Confidential Projects 1, 2 and 3 ■ BP Canada Energy Company Fort Saskatchewan Fractionation Plant ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Bunge Canada2 Fort Saskatchewan Oilseed Processing Plant2 ■ ■ ■ Canexus Chemicals Canada Ltd. Bruderheim Sodium Chlorate Plant ■ ■ ■ Community and Traffic FAP Area Air Emission Sources ■ ■ ■ Degussa Canada Inc. Gibbons Hydrogen Peroxide Plant ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Dow Chemical Canada Inc. Fort Saskatchewan Chemical Plant ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Enbridge Pipelines Inc. South Crude Oil Terminal and Tankage Facilities ■ ERCO Worldwide Inc. Bruderheim Sodium Chlorate Plant ■ ■ ■

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Table 2.3-2 Project Inclusion List (cont’d)

Air Quality Surface Water Disciplines1 Planned Planned Operator Facility Base Application Development Base Application Development Gem Sod Farms Inc. Gem Sod Farms ■ ■ ■ HAZCO Environmental Services Bruderheim Sulphur Forming Facility ■ Keyera Energy Ltd. Fort Saskatchewan Fractionation Facility ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Kinder Morgan Canada Inc.2 North Forty Tank Farm2 ■ Manderlay Corporation, The Manderlay Turfgrass Facility ■ ■ ■ Marsulex Incorporated Fort Saskatchewan Chemical Plant ■ ■ ■ Newalta Corporation Redwater Disposal Facility ■ ■ ■ Norbest Farms Ltd. Norbest Farms ■ ■ ■

Praxair Canada Inc. Air Separation and CO2 Production Facility ■ ■ ■ Prospec Chemicals Fort Saskatchewan Xanthate Plant ■ ■ ■ Provident Energy Ltd. Redwater Fractionation Facility ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Redwater Water Disposal Redwater Waste Disposal Facility ■ ■ ■ Company Ltd. Shell Canada Products Limited Scotford Oil Refinery ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Shell Chemicals Canada Limited Scotford Styrene and MEG Plant ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Sherritt International Corporation Fort Saskatchewan Fertilizer Plant ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ TransAlta Cogeneration L.P. Fort Saskatchewan Cogeneration Power Plant ■ ■ ■ TransCanada Energy Ltd. Redwater Cogeneration Power Plant ■ ■ ■ Umicore Canada Inc. Fort Saskatchewan Metal Plant ■ ■ ■ W4 Heavy Industrial Park N/A Other Facilities in the Edmonton Area Air Products Canada Ltd. Hydrogen Plant ■ ■ ■ Alberta Envirofuels Inc. Iso-Octane Manufacturing Plant ■ ■ ■ Alcan Inc. Coke Processing Facility ■ ■ ■ AltaSteel Ltd. Steel Manufacturing Facility ■ ■ ■ AT Plastics Inc. Plastics Manufacturing Plant ■ ■ ■ Canetic Resources Inc. Acheson Plant ■ ■ ■

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Volume 2: Environmental Impact Assessment TOTAL Upgrader Project Section 2: Assessment Methods

Table 2.3-2 Project Inclusion List (cont’d)

Air Quality Surface Water Disciplines1 Planned Planned Operator Facility Base Application Development Base Application Development Celanese Canada Inc. Edmonton Chemical Plant3 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ City of Edmonton Gold Bar Wastewater Treatment Plant ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ City of Edmonton Capital Region Wastewater Treatment Plant ■ ■ ■ City of Edmonton Storm Sewers and Combined Sewer Overflows ■ ■ ■ Community and Traffic Edmonton Area Air Emission Sources ■ ■ ■ Envirofor Preservers Ltd. CCA Wood Treatment and Fixation Plant ■ EPCOR E.L. Smith Water Treatment Plant ■ ■ ■ EPCOR Rossdale Thermal Power Plant ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ EPCOR Rossdale Water Treatment Plant ■ ■ ■ Georgia-Pacific Gypsum Wallboard ■ ■ ■ Imperial Oil Resources Strathcona Refinery ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Owens Corning Canada Insulation Manufacturing ■ ■ ■ Petro-Canada Products Edmonton Refinery ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Procor Ltd. Railcar Washing Facility ■ ■ ■ University of Alberta Cooling Water Facility ■ ■ ■

NOTES: 1Includes hydrology, surface water quality and aquatic resources. 2Facility included only in the air quality assessment for fugitive emissions. 3Both north and south outlets included for surface water disciplines.

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TOTAL Upgrader Project Volume 2: Environmental Impact Assessment Section 2: Assessment Methods

2.4 Project Team This Environmental Impact Assessment was prepared by TOTAL’s team of technical experts. The expert team retained to address each component are presented below:

Jacques Whitford AXYS Ltd. Air Noise Visibility Terrain and Soils Vegetation Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Land Use RWDI Light WorleyParsons Komex Ltd. Groundwater Golder Associates Ltd. Hydrology Surface Water Quality Aquatic Resources Historical Resources Intrinsik Environmental Services Inc. Human Health

The Environmental Baseline Studies were also done by the same project team, with the exception of Westworth Associates Environmental Ltd. for the Wildlife Environmental Baseline Study.

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