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Redalyc.Successful Restructuring Features for Regional Economies In Revista Portuguesa de Estudos Regionais E-ISSN: 1645-586X [email protected] Associação Portuguesa para o Desenvolvimento Regional Portugal Constantin, Daniela-Luminita; Goschin, Zizi; Mitrut, Constantin; Bodea, Constanta; Ileanu, Bogdan Successful Restructuring Features for Regional Economies in the EU New Member States. An Emphasis on the Alba County of Romania Revista Portuguesa de Estudos Regionais, núm. 41, 2016, pp. 21-34 Associação Portuguesa para o Desenvolvimento Regional Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=514354166002 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Successful Restructuring Features for Regional Econo- mies in the EU New Member States. An Emphasis on the Alba County of Romania Características de Reestruturação Bem Sucedida para as Economias Regionais nos Novos Estados-Membros da UE. Uma Ênfase na Região de Alba na Roménia Daniela-Luminita Constantin [email protected] Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania Zizi Goschin [email protected] Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania Constantin Mitrut [email protected] Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania Constanta Bodea [email protected] Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania Bogdan Ileanu [email protected] Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania Abstract /Resumo In the last 20-25 years the regional econo- Nos últimos 20-25 anos as economias regio- mies of the new EU member states were con- nais dos novos estados-membros da UE foram fronted with multiple challenges, from transi- confrontadas com múltiplos desafios, desde a tion to crisis and EU integration. They were transição à crise e integração na UE. Estes reflected by the content of structural transfor- refletiram-se no conteúdo de transformações mations and regional policies, closely relating estruturais e políticas regionais, estreitamente to economic, social and territorial cohesion relacionadas com os objetivos de coesão eco- objectives. This paper proposes a case study in nómica, social e territorial. Este artigo propõe Alba county of Romania, as a relevant example um estudo de caso no município de Alba, na of successful restructuring in a turbulent eco- Roménia, como um exemplo relevante de rees- nomic environment. The research methodology truturação bem-sucedida num ambiente econó- has been based on in-depth interviews carried mico turbulento. A metodologia da pesquisa foi out with representatives of national and local baseada em profundas entrevistas realizadas actors as well as on the processing and interpre- com representantes dos intervenientes nacionais tation of statistical socio-economic data, strate- e locais, bem como no tratamento e na interpre- gic documents on development strategy, vari- tação dos dados estatísticos socioeconómicos, ous reports on evaluations of public policies, documentos estratégicos versando sobre a estra- etc. tégia de desenvolvimento, vários relatórios de avaliações das políticas públicas, etc. Keywords: Romania, transition EU integration, Palavras-chave: Roménia, transição de integra- Revista Portuguesa de Estudos Regionais, nº 41 crisis, regional economies, restructuring ção na UE, crise, economias regionais, reestru- turação JEL Codes: R11, R38, R58 Códigos JEL: R11, R38, R58 1. INTRODUCTION formations entailed by the accession to the European Union, economic crisis adversities, In the last decades major restructuring pro- etc. As a result, their economic structures suf- cesses have manifested in the context of glob- fered tremendous changes, adaptations, which alisation, internationalisation and integration. responded the requirements of each period. They have taken different forms, have brought The financial support offered by the EU in about different challenges for countries, re- both pre-accession and post-accession period gions and localities and have generated differ- aimed to alleviate the hardships of these trans- ential local impacts, highlighting the role of formations and to contribute to a more bal- specific local conditions and actors in the cor- anced regional development at both national responding outcomes (Wolfe and Gertler, and EU level. Whether the restructuring pro- 2001; de Bell, 2005). In other words, the care- cesses at regional scale have been successful is ful consideration of the space issues and the still the subject to animated debates in scien- place-based policy-making are among the crit- tific as well as policy-making arena, with an ical conditions for ensuring the restructuring important accent on impact assessment of the success and for building long-run resilience regional policy in European, national and local (Caraveli and Tsinas, 2012; ESPON and Car- context and on the most relevant factors of diff University, 2014). influence. These debates are frequently com- The study of the new factors that influenced bined with those regarding various resilience the structure of the world economy indicates as issues, especially in relation to the recent eco- an important driving force the transformation nomic and financial crisis, aiming to reveal of the former centralised economies into mar- which “elements in economic structures and ket economies, especially in Central and East- policy responses” created differentiations in ern Europe. They had to face rationalisation, regions’ ability “to withstand, absorb or over- adjustment and rejuvenation requirements, come” the internal or external shocks triggered especially in the old industrial sectors and lag- by the crisis (ESPON and Cardiff University, ging behind regions (Cao, 2001; Wolfe and 2014: ii) Gertler, 2001). The solutions proposed to tran- In line with these considerations, a study sition challenges envisaged all components of undertaken under the auspices of the FP7 the structural reform, the emphasis being project entitled “Growth-Innovation-Compe- placed on the reform of the legal and titiveness: Fostering Cohesion in Central and instututional framework required for the mar- Eastern Europe” – GRINCOH1 has proposed a ket economy, on the enterprise structures as preliminary typology able to reveal the princi- well as on the physical structure necessary for pal components of regional differentiation in a competitive economy (Pinder, 1991). The Central and East European countries, namely real life experiences reveal that restructuring metropolisation, industrialization, urbanization has its winners and losers (Iheduru, 1999), (market services) and dependency (agriculture suggesting the need of continuous concerns and public services) (Smetkowski, 2012). Fur- with the capacity of various regions to create ther on, three specific categories of regions and maintain viable, dynamic economies have been selected, pointing out extreme cases (Smith and Miller, 2001). They emphasize the of successful restructuring, border location importance of the orientation towards growing hindering economic growth and social problem industrial sectors and of policies able to ensure regions. For each of them relevant case studies economic diversification. have been performed, contributing to laying Besides the transition to the market econo- my, the regional economies of the East Euro- pean countries had to face additional trans- 1 See www.grincoh.eu 22 Successful Restructuring Features For Regional Economies in the EU New Member States… the foundations for scenarios regarding the on two main sources of data: a) information future cohesion policy options. from the in-depth interviews - carried out in This paper discusses a case study in Roma- 2013 - with representatives of county and re- nia, which refers to Alba county as a good gional authorities, regional development agen- example of successful restructuring. Alba cy, chambers of commerce, higher education county was chosen by the GRINCOH project institutions, implementing authorities; b) desk considering its improved position in relation to research targeted oficial statistics and docu- the national average in terms of changes in the ments on development strategy and various share of the industrial sector in the economy reports on evaluations of public policies have and labour market, at the same time with a been studied. Statistical socio-economic data significant reindustrialization (Smetkowski et from various sources (mainly the National al., 2014). Institute of Statistics and Eurostat) were col- We aim to assess the current regional de- lected and processed. The data processing in- velopment in Alba county, as well as its specif- cluded descriptive statistics, grouping, cross- ic responses to transformation, crisis and EU tabulations and correlation analysis. In unre- membership. The results provide a comprehen- ported econometric models we tried to explain sive image on the trends in restructuring Al- economic growth based on a series of devel- ba’s economy, the most important regional opment factors, but the results were inconclu- development factors (exogenous, endogenous, sive from the perspective of statistic signifi- structural, socio-political ones, etc.), the rela- cance. tionship between social disparities and eco- Geographical position and demography. nomic growth, the successful regional/local In accordance with Romania’s territorial or- policies for economic regeneration, the signifi- ganisation,
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