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(XV). Contribució a La Flora Al·Lòctona

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(XV). Contribució a La Flora Al·Lòctona Notes i contribucions al coneixement de la flora de Menorca (XV). Contribució a la flora al·lòctona Pere FRAGA-ARGUIMBAU, Cristòfol MASCARÓ-SINTES, Xec PALLICER-ALLÈS, David CARRERAS-MARTÍ i Magda SEOANE- BARBER Fraga-Arguimbau, P., Mascaró-Sintes, C., Pallicer-Allès, X., Carreras-Martí, D., Seoane-Barber, M. 2020. Notes i contribucions al coneixement de la flora de SHNB Menorca (XV). Contribució a la flora al·lòctona. Boll. Soc. Hist. Nat. Balears, 63: 175-189. ISSN 0212-260X. e-ISSN 2444-8192. Palma (Illes Balears). Es presenta un recull de dades corològiques per a 29 tàxons al·lòctons de la flora vascular de Menorca. D’aquests, 15 son citats per primera vegada a les Balears: Convolvulus sabatius Viv., Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd., Iberis semperflorens L., Myoporum insulare R.Br., Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelm. var. engelmannii, Paspalum notatum Flüggé, Paulownia tomentosa SOCIETAT D’HISTÒRIA (Thunb.) Steud., Physalis angulata L., Populus x canescens (Aiton) Sm., Rumex NATURAL DE LES BALEARS cristatus DC., Ruschia tumidula (Haw.) Schwantes, Ruschia uncinata (L.) Schwantes, Salix caprea L., Scilla peruviana L., Silene pendula L. Altres 8 són novetat per a la flora al·lòctona de l’illa: Cyperus eragrostis Lam., Lathyrus odoratus L., Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit, Opuntia dillenii (Ker-Gawl) Haw., Opuntia engelmannii var. lindheimerii (Engelm.) U. Guzman & Mandujano, Paraserianthes lophantha (Vent.) I.C. Nielsen, Sambucus nigra L., Washingtonia robusta H. Wendl. Dels altres 6 tàxons es donen a conèixer noves poblacions. Paraules clau: corologia, flora al·lòctona, invasores, Menorca, Illes Balears. NOTES AND CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE FLORA OF MENORCA (XV). A CONTRIBUTION TO THE ALIEN FLORA. Datasets for 29 alien plant species found in Menorca (Balearic Islands) are summarized. Of those taxa, 15 are newly recorded for the flora of the Balearic Islands: Convolvulus sabatius Viv., Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd., Iberis semperflorens L., Myoporum insulare R.Br., Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelm. var. engelmannii, Paspalum notatum Flüggé, Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud., Physalis angulata L., Populus x canescens (Aiton) Sm., Rumex cristatus DC., Ruschia tumidula (Haw.) Schwantes, Ruschia uncinata (L.) Schwantes, Salix caprea L., Scilla peruviana L., Silene pendula L. Other 8 are new for the flora of Menorca: Cyperus eragrostis Lam., Lathyrus odoratus L., Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit, Opuntia dillenii (Ker-Gawl) Haw., Opuntia engelmannii var. lindheimerii (Engelm.) U. Guzman & Mandujano, Paraserianthes lophantha (Vent.) I.C. Nielsen, Sambucus nigra L., Washingtonia robusta H. Wendl. For the rest of taxa new locations are given. Keywords: chorology, alien flora, invasive species, Menorca, Balearic Islands. Pere FRAGA-ARGUIMBAU, Fundació Privada Carl Faust. Passeig Carl Faust, 9. 17300 Blanes (Girona) [email protected]; Cristòfol MASCARÓ-SINTES, GOB Menorca. Camí des Castell, 53. 07702 Maó. Xec PALLICER-ALLÈS, David CARRERAS-MARTÍ, Observatori Socioambiental de Menorca. Institut Menorquí d’Estudis. Camí des Castell, 28. 07702 Maó; Magda SEOANE-BARBER, GOB Menorca. Camí des Castell, 53. 07702 Maó. Tots els autors membres de la Comissió de Botànica. GOB Menorca – Institut Menorquí d’Estudis. Camí des Castell, 28. 07703 Maó. 176 Boll. Soc. Hist. Nat. Balears, 63 (2020) Recepció del manuscrit: 20-12-2020; revisió acceptada:23-12-2020; publicació online: 30-12-2020. Introducció d’origen, que abasti tota la variabilitat de cada tàxon. De cara a una nova edició del Catàleg de la flora vascular de Menorca (CFVM) és Material i mètodes convenient actualitzar els coneixements sobre la flora al·lòctona. A la primera El format de les citacions i la seva edició (Fraga et al., 2004), aquesta discussió és el mateix que les altres mancança es va solucionar afegint les noves contribucions sobre florística al citacions al final, en forma d’annex. Per coneixement de la flora de Menorca, només evitar-ho s’ha elaborat aquest recull de que les citacions que aquí es recullen citacions de tàxons al·lòctons de flora responen als següents criteris: vascular. Anteriors aportacions al -Novetats florístiques de tàxons coneixement florístic de l’illa habitualment al·lòctons per a la flora de l’illa o de les inclouen aquest element exòtic, però a Balears causa de l’elevat nombre de novetats s’ha -Ampliació de l’àrea de distribució de preferit fer-li una contribució exclusiva, a la tàxons al·lòctons dels quals es coneixien qual, amb tota probabilitat, seguiran menys de tres localitats d’altres. -Noves localitats de tàxons al·lòctons Estudiar tàxons al·lòctons sovint que, tot i ja haver estat citats, la seva implica manejar literatura taxonòmica de distribució té una interès especial, per les seves regions d’origen, sovint d’altres exemple aquells considerats invasors o continents, la qual no sempre és accessible amb potencial per ser-ho. o bé no hi ha tants de coneixements sobre La majoria de les identificacions s’han les revisions més actualitzades. Tot açò fa fet tant a partir de les observacions de camp que, de vegades, la incertesa taxonòmica o de material recollit en les exploracions. sigui més important (Pysek et al., 2013). Els resultats d’aquestes observacions s’han Sovint, els tàxons al·lòctons mostren contrastat posteriorment amb les només una petita part de la variació informacions proporcionades per les morfològica que tenen a les seves regions diferents publicacions a les que es fa d’origen, açò és així per què la majoria referència en el text i que queden recollides d’introduccions es fan a partir d’un o pocs en l’apartat final de referències citades o individus i posteriorment aquests és bibliografia. habitual multiplicar-los per via vegetativa L’estructura i format de la informació (Hartmann et al., 2002). En les plantes amb per a cada tàxon també segueix els criteris ús ornamental es valoren certes de les contribucions anteriors (p.e. Fraga et característiques que poden ser extremes al., 2016). Els tàxons s’han ordenat dins la variabilitat d’un tàxon, aquesta alfabèticament. Els noms dels autors s’han discriminació positiva de determinats abreviat segons el criteri establert per caràcters (p. ex. Townsley-Brascamp i Brummitt i Powell (1992). Per a cada una Marr, 1995) pot dificultar la identificació de les citacions es proporciona la taxonòmica, llavors encara és més informació en el mateix tipus de contingut i important consultar informació taxonòmica format que edicions anteriors. P. Fraga-Arguimbau et al., Notes florístiques de Menorca (XV) 177 Els tàxons que són novetat per a la flora de la urbanització, amb vegetació de les Balears van precedits per dos d’ullastrar, 11-IX-2020, P. Fraga (P. Fraga, asteriscs (**) i els que ho són per a la flora herb. pers.) de Menorca per un (*). Espècie emprada en jardineria com a Seguint els criteris de Richardson et al. ornamental. Durant els anys 90 del segle (2000), per a cada tàxon s’indica si està passat es va fer una comercialització naturalitzat (poblacions autònomes i que intensiva com a planta de floració estival, poden penetrar en ambients naturals) o bé però s’ha consolidat més el seu ús per a és només casual (creix només en ambients jardins mediterranis de baix manteniment antròpics, no s’observa proliferació de nous (p. ex. Filippi, 2007), un tipus de jardineria individus o no hi ha evidències de la que afavoreix l’ús de plantes fàcilment persistència de les poblacions ). adaptables a l’entorn natural. A la població de cala en Porter, aquest tàxon ja penetra en ambients naturals i per açò s’ha de Resultats i discussió: catàleg florístic considerar com a naturalitzat Amaryllis belladonna L. *Cyperus eragrostis Lam. Son Gall, Alaior, 31SEE985239, 108 m, Torrent de sa Rovellada, Ferreries, prop de les cases del lloc, en un espai que 31SEE590241, 55 m, vegetació nitròfila en havia estat l’antic jardí, 22-V-2020. P. sòls argilosos fangosos, 20-VIII-2020, P. Fraga (P. Fraga, herb. pers.). Fraga (P. Fraga, herb. pers.). Segona localitat per aquesta Espècie originària d’Amèrica. Recent- amaril·lidàcia originària de la regió del ment s’ha citat de Mallorca (Ribas Serra et Cap, àmpliament emprada com a al., 2020). Per l’hàbitat on creix i a l’ ornamental. El seu cultiu a Menorca es observar-se germinacions espontànies, ja remunta, com a mínim, a mitjans del segle s’ha de considerar com a naturalitzat. XIX (Rodríguez, 1874). Hi ha evidències que la seva toxicitat hauria causat la mort Cyrtomium falcatum (L.f.) C.Presl (Fig. 1) de bestiar boví en haver consumit bulbs. Urbanització La Serpentona, cala Tot i que l’espai on hi ha aquesta població Galdana, Ciutadella de Menorca, havia estat un jardí, aquest ja va 31SEE7628, 6 m, mur de contenció forrat desaparèixer fa anys i avui és una tanca més de pedra en sec, allà on hi ha degotadissos de pastura, a més s’observa que hi ha procedents d’aigua de reg o condensacions germinacions espontànies i que l’espècie d’aire condicionat, 16-IX-2020, P. Fraga persisteix dins la vegetació natural, per tant (P. Fraga, herb. pers.). s’ha de considerar com a naturalitzada. Tercera localitat per aquesta falguera originària d’Àsia oriental, fins ara era **Convolvulus sabatius Viv. coneguda dels dos ports principals de l’illa, Urbanització de cala en Porter, Alaior, Ciutadella i Maó (Fraga et al., 2004) sovint 312SEE972133, 40 m, a les voreres dels emprada com a ornamental per la seva carrers de la urbanització, allà on aquesta fa facilitat de cultiu. El seu comportament mitgera amb la vegetació natural, 07-V- invasor és conegut i sembla ser tolerant a 2020, P. Fraga (P. Fraga, herb. pers.); les condicions litorals fins al punt que pot urbanització de Binibéquer Nou, Sant Lluis, desplaçar Asplenium marinum L. 31SFE064082, 8 m, zones verdes i solars (Robinson, 2009), unes informacions que 178 Boll. Soc. Hist. Nat. Balears, 63 (2020) Fig.
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