The Statesman's Yearbook
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THE STATESMAN’S YEARBOOK 2017 ‘We don’t have to be imprisoned by the past.’ Barack Obama (1961À) Editors Frederick Martin 1864À1883 Sir John Scott-Keltie 1883À1926 Mortimer Epstein 1927À1946 S. H. Steinberg 1946À1969 John Paxton 1969À1990 Brian Hunter 1990À1997 Barry Turner 1997À2014 Credits Publisher Nicholas Heath-Brown Research Editor Tom Alvarez Editorial Assistant Sharanjit Aujla Researchers Daniel Smith Richard German Robert McGowan Jill Fenner Ben Eastham Justine Foong Liane Jones James Wilson Sara Hussain Edward Lea Sheena Amin Hanna Szymborska Noah Nzeribe Thanh Tuan Chu Maximilian Kressner Sharita Oomeer Index Richard German Production Natalie Jones Typesetting MPS email: [email protected] THE STATESMAN’S YEARBOOK THE POLITICS, CULTURES AND ECONOMIES OF THE WORLD 2017 Macmillan Publishers Ltd. Published annually since 1864 ISBN 978-1-137-44008-2 ISBN 978-1-349-68398-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-68398-7 & Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2016 The authors have asserted their right to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Design and Patents Act 1988. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by SpringerNature. The registered company is Macmillan Publishers Ltd. London. PREFACE Welcome to the 153rd edition of The Statesman’s Yearbook—a leading think tanks. This year for the first time we’re including concise reference work containing over 1,500 pages of data data for individual countries on civil and criminal justice on the political, economic and social landscape of all the world rankings from a renowned annual survey. countries of the world plus territories. We also have an accompanying website at www. The 2017 edition includes a thought-provoking essay on the statesmansyearbook.com, for which a site license is required history and current state of democracy, which has undergone to access most of the content. This is updated regularly a radical transformation as many countries see more and throughout the year and contains additional material that isn’t more polarized parties and candidates being highly influential included in the book. One of the features is our archive going at elections, holding the balance of power or even taking back to the first edition in 1864. In 2014 we added to our power. Who would have thought even ten years ago that a website a series of infographics, special features on prominent professional comedian would become a country’s president in world leaders and ‘snapshot’ articles, written by Palgrave 2016, as happened in Guatemala? Macmillan authors on a range of topics relevant to our As well as the essay, our preliminary pages also include a readershipall of which is free for everyone to enjoy. factsheet with fascinating figures and information about We always welcome feedback on the book and our website. democracy. In late 2015 we ran an essay competition on our Please email us on [email protected]. website and we are pleased to include the winning piece in this year’s book too. In addition to information on nation states, we have an Nicholas Heath-Brown extensive section on major international organizations and Publisher, The Statesman’s Yearbook Explore the world at www.statesmansyearbook.com The original version of this book was revised. An erratum to this book can be found at DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-68398_362 v CONTENTS TIME ZONES MAP Front Endpaper PREFACE v WHAT FUTURE FOR DEMOCRACY? BY BARRY TURNER xv 2,500 YEARS OF DEMOCRACY xviii GAH-KAI LEUNG ON EDWARD SAID xix 2015 IN 1,000 WORDS xx WORLD POPULATION xxi KEY WORLD FACTS xxii RECOMMENDED FURTHER READING xxiii CHRONOLOGY xxiv Part I: International Organizations Page UNITED NATIONS (UN)..................................................................................................................................................... 3 General Assembly ................................................................................................................................................................ 3 Security Council ................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Economic and Social Council ........................................................................................................................................... 5 International Court of Justice ........................................................................................................................................... 5 Secretariat .............................................................................................................................................................................. 6 Member States ...................................................................................................................................................................... 7 UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS ................................................................................................. 8 UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM ...........................................................................................................................................10 Programmes and Funds ...................................................................................................................................................10 Research and Training Institutes....................................................................................................................................12 Other UN Entities..............................................................................................................................................................12 Information......................................................................................................................................................................... 13 SPECIALIZED AGENCIES OF THE UN.........................................................................................................................13 Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) .................................................................................................................13 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development — The World Bank (IBRD) ...................................14 International Development Association (IDA)...........................................................................................................16 International Finance Corporation (IFC)..................................................................................................................... 16 Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA).................................................................................................16 International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) ...................................................................16 International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)....................................................................................................16 International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) ...................................................................................... 16 International Labour Organization (ILO) ....................................................................................................................17 International Maritime Organization (IMO) ..............................................................................................................18 International Monetary Fund (IMF) .............................................................................................................................18 International Telecommunication Union (ITU) ........................................................................................................20 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) .................................................20 UN Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) ...............................................................................................21 Universal Postal Union (UPU).......................................................................................................................................22 World Health Organization (WHO).............................................................................................................................22 World