I 6 ln0'ocluct.iolr: Da¡wilt's Cllrist-rnas din¡ter ChaPter 2 llotv tltcsc i¡r'tcìfit(tts r,vclc tclutcil to l)racticcs irr tlrc ¡nst.'l'lrc rlisr,ussiorr cxtcrrrls Act

(.lJrtrlttttr Afitll tltis, ¡l is trortccr rr<:rl r'vitll rrurrrrucrrlul lLlclritccItu'c ¿r¡rl r,viLll

The enigma of arrival

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t¡rrcrl lr r lril,'' llrr',, lr:trl lri,r.rr i o¡rír,rí r t'fli ll; t¡ rl ili )tllf t( l rí l;r'r,rrr; rlorrlrÌlìrl rr Ir,.il '()lIt¡[l I f t!,r,,rriÍir(;rrìi ( It(trt1l(,ti l:i it I(,:ìllll ,l )1)0) i ílrr lt(l()tì \\\\ln v('r), rlilfi'rt'rrt, I).rr ),i()tì1,.( r, r{li'r,irr,,¡tlrrr.r¡rl:; ll i \\r'l; I (''llt,rrll. 'l lrr. r;rrrrrc l)r o(.(,rli Ir:r( I lrìJí¡l('' I1)1)(j: , lr:r¡rlor (i t r¡tl /). t ir,it li I I of r':t:r'l , ' 1,,'i,,, 1:1,;¡, ¡,,.,;,,, I 'itrrrlI i l; oficrr rliffrcrrlt ¡o irl, i,,,\ ( | \\ iì('rì rlrlr r.lr lrl firrrrr, )('()l)l( llt I lrri[ 1'r r illrrr,,r,r.:i,rrl r r,r ilrr.:ri I r,l¡,r,,; r (I r oi tlrr. (,lt li('r.ri(,íil(.rìl(.ri r,rflr i I ìrii I,¡r¡11¡¡1,:rrrrl il ilr Ìlr,,r I ir rl í 'I I l irrrirl r(,( r,lìíl\ lt lrirlrlr I r|,,1i I olrì( lli" rt lrol;r' lor rrr ;rrrl I,rllo ll;r'01 lo¡r tllìt lo"tll t11' ovr ' Ir;rrl lrli,rr lrr¡ilt ,'¡ ì I r)rìì,rllì1' t'i lt'ittl ltlt'lllt'll' i't lottl' ri,iilrin ¡lr i ''t:,ttt¡ ) lìi' I ¡lrcr ('('| rllr'llì I lirll( (" ) r,l; ol ,rtt, lr rrrorrrrlr; o,l,,lr 1,,)ll"("';ìi |,,rll()y, irl.¡ I itt ,', :'llt ( ()|f ¡o\(,It\ ()\/(,t ilt( I ì Jl ¡.,,,r,,r.\t,, i lr,, ,,. lrlt I itirllrrrlol ill(li('l)rlllir tllrlt l;iill' ì1' l);t r'r'r)\\'lì trtitl l)(, llt¡(,J !,,r)r (ll,,tt ,,,,"i()()\(l(rrì1)lìrlrìili('ilrr r1f l r()il il i,l l.rllll,lrl ll,ttl J.']rlllllr.l tl l..t;ttl..r'Itltrr.r'r'l ill llr' ) ¡ ry lì lrl¡ltul liltlil),)l^ r)u)l:)\,/ 1i. :

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\: Aclcnowledgingant¡qLrity 37 36 Acl

tÌrat par-t ol a clccoraLcrl sLonc hacl l¡ccn incolporirtcc'l cstzrblislrcfl ¿rt Lr: l)t:tiL Morrt, At-zr À4csolithic btrri¿tls associatccl with gravc goocls ancl with ¡lcli rììclìtary stolìc corìsLrttctions (Scar-r-c 1992). Inclcccl, Slrcl-atr (l 9f)0) [:rs cvcrr arg-uccl that tilc Ì)assagc gr¿rvc¡j associatcrl wi[h cir.culal. cainrs nriLy havc crlslrrirrccl thc iclc¿r ol ;r Mcsolithic l-ouncl housc.just zrs tlrc long rnorurcls fìlux.l in GAVRINIS North-Wcst Iiulrtpc rtray havc bccl iufllLcnccd by thc clorncJic builclings ol thc o Liucarbarrclkclarl i ì<. -----+o TABI, E DES MARCHAND The statues that moved

Ânothcr clclnctrt in tlris ì)roccrjs is lhc usc ancl r'cnsc o{' lrcnhirs, wllgsc rlistl i[Ìrtiorl ìrr Sotrthclrr llrìttarry rcscnrblcs th¿r.t ol tcrt-rcs tunrulair:cs (lìotrjor ancl (l¿tsscn l99B). It has lortg bccrr rcc<¡urisccl that ¿r nnnrbcr tombs near Locmariaquer, Brittany. r'r4tich.c'rai'cc[ irr:r<:r rvlrilc.tl-rcrs wcrc brokc' (Oassc,2000).'l'w. r.ccc.t 2.9 The reuse of carved stones charnbered clcvclollrrcnts h¿Lvc liccLr cspccially rcvcalirru. lixcavation ol'thc clralr|cl.ccl Soulce: infonnation from Whittle (2000) ,)rjl 1;,'rrrl)rir r.)lll j() (000() /,()(jl) r', rlrill.)1 rr(lrr(l rl) llIr.)r llr,)\.)¡; l)rr 1 l) .)1.),\\ llr.)lll l() ,)llr()f; l).)\()lll;,)l) 1;,)lllll,)llr()l; l)llll ll,\\()l) ll.)rlllÌ ,)r.),\\ ,r(lLt )1;l)lrIl r.)ìirLrir¡l ()r,)r1i ';(l ir()iìir'rìrlli,)\ì1i jÌjriìri,)lrì(1; i: | ),)f(flrì.)lii ir,).){l 1;i:ii';iill'ìrìr l lo ,,r¡r lt',ir,trrt:.rr l),)rlritf(ìrl1ì,) lr l)rtl rl)rl\\ ri.)r()l1l (000i,,,)lrrlr,\\ gg0? r )ri,ìri, )) llr.)),)LLrl 1i(iIr()l ,rllrlllll.)rrrIt ,ríll,)l)t;rr1, l/lll|,)llrlo.))rr,)rlrl)r(),)lJllt))r,rlrl), ilf;rll )()lr() )r ()l lrllrlr()ililr r; illllr.)llr ,)1],)rll l() !r,)urlr.)rÌ .)rl) liltrioll)ti \||lll t(),1 ror,)r(1,)rlrj()r1()t)rl,)r(it,)rr r()1;r.)rl)ll()).)1i ,)rll, J),)ì(1,))rr.)rIlirrr,)l)J1;r()).)rr()j r,)ìlrl.) rr:r¡ lr1',ÌrrL t;ti,r r() t(l ,))|r:l,rl Ì1;,)/\\ rllr()i\l r |\tf),)fu()' ()l r,r(ll ì;l ,\\(){l rilrlr.))rr i;t ll 1;l|,)ilililt()lll llt,)t.)]jtl) U.).r\\1.)(l l).)l|(l|ì1;tl),)t,)\\ ,r)rrrr)J )r ì )rì r)r ))rrjlrllr,)';,)r r tÌ,)(l 1r,)lrli rìr¡ìrr¡rlil ,r,r,,, | l),)\lrìrÌr ,,rto1l;.r¡l,itrll; rl ]ol;,r),)l(llrlil rl.)l );r lr.))lilrll;1il,)r¡{)11,|.)l tLt(|,;( llr()rlr)t,)(l||jtl)r() lr.rrll :r ll r()(l rinll lìrr;l;rr¡rlrrr.) r()j r()1;ri.)r .rrr6¡"(/(j(ìl ()l)rilri'¡) ¡rorr,ril )rllrl().1 )rr(lrj )tII())lrr )llr(l,)r,)\\ (.)rII.)r()1.)(llllr,rr',ir:rI()ll),))rrl),)ri;.)rrrl.)l¡()li|)rr¡lr\\()l) ,rr1l1oììr,rr rrrl,i,rr1.rr1l()tl).)¡)(lrllrr,).)(l,r\rllrlrr¡tr ¡r',ìrtro, lrr.)rllroii ol,r¡rr.r¡ lr)\l l'ì,)l,l\\'lllllll,)lll¡ì,)11ìl)l,)llì()lrl \\,)l\lrl()11rìrlt'|rilril,\\rrr rrr\\ \,rll ,;ì!,)\I rt¡)rrrr;',it|rll,)1; ,)r/()lriJ()1;,)rr,)liIrl)r\\l),)lrr )()l;rir,)ilr1r\l()()r)1orr',irrrtrr'1;rllil'tÍ)( r (lr1i ()) Ilr: )\/ 1r,)lr; r.)rllo urorl,)1,)rll tr¡lÌrrorrl r.).)(l J)rr¡,(,rr1t r.,r¡1.)rl\\ tlr )rjlrl) r;r tr (¡¡t:r,.,t1r,r ,l (l)lr.)r trll,ì, lr.)(ll r,),)\\t,)(l ti)lrrl 1,,;rr¡r lt,r',i',irlr ri¡ iìrr 1li1; )rlll r¡',irrrtr¡t¡rt'(¿fì(;l tor'¡) z,rtt,rtrrrril lr p.rrr,rtltlrrr¡ t;r: li.),\1.)t;llr.lll t;t,)(lllnll r,)rlJ,)l)lìlr ,)rr1r,)rlrrrlrrrli,)rl) llr(l t:,rr.r',ilrl r r.)\() l)rr()l .)rr.)1i,)rl, l, )lo()¡),)rlì l)rr Ìu,)(lr.) l ¡r¡.iirrrlrr r;llllr.)rr jr rìrisrr ),)1; lÌ rì.)(;ìr),\\,)r r rl ìr.)rr 1;lll rr ,;(lur()r )rllrlìr(,ì,)rl '))llr,)l l)()()r,; .)rll lrlrr r lrrrl ri r .)';()rl) ol r;lrl()rr rrlrllrr; rllr\\ l).)rl';rll.)(llr.).)r.)\\ L, ) j() r,r(lrLilll1 1] lrillll)r1l'rl r;rlLr,rrlrrlr,l(li,)lllril;orrr /).rl/r(lIlri l) (¡,r¡)/ lr ,Ijrir rllr,,L "11ìll,,] (f,f,f,l) t , rI tOii¡,r¡ ¡, I ill() tj il()ttr,Ir t()jlil :\) ) I r()(; l))ìrir()),)l) lflll ilÌ,)l).)llro).)(l tìrrl )t 1;urt()J oÀ\l r;,))lr]1 ,))r.)l)t\.) t;il1 L (000? l)rr /(j() | rrrrrlrl,l lrtr','t ti1't,llllrlt tlrl ro ¡ rrt rt¡ltrilrlitll i)rtr)r,ì rt¡rrtr'(¡rttltl)trl^tsi)l),r¡r¡r¡),rrrrllirilr.;r;rrrlr:'(r¡r.r,¡ r¡)lrlrrtorrriiro¡¡7 ¿¡1 ¡;trniit¡ r (llrrll ,)l) l)rìr l,|ililrì\l (rr.)rr,, l) rr:ilil tt,)rllì,'l\ lli,)/\/\ ,)rll ()lrr )rlrr:lt\/ ,)rll rr() , lirr¡,tr,,1r,, ri,),rJ)rr,lrl¡rrrrl;l().),r.rl)r i.r',ìrrr,¡rl:i,)ur()l; i).)l)r \()rrl';rr¡¡r:',irll()rll)rrr ,;rrll rlÌ(Jr,ll )lr()\\ llr,)),)ìl l,utf ,t,lt,tl,)',\ll)tt\,) rt ¡t,t¡.¡.'rrot.',ì,)t ltillr )r¡rlrl lrrro(,rrr llllil ll|f llt )1| lNt tL J ( ìNvitl) luO;i 0 )o 'l ) l rrrj l),)l)r.))\.) l)rÌrl 1;.)1liì.) r(l ilrIuilrì Jr ll,),\\ o1i )l ror\\ lor l)lrì()^\ !t ìlr(l )rillr() otr (lilrll t¡t,t! ,)ilrìr)l)ìr.)l).)rll',ìrIlìiroilr.)llillro)()lri,)rlrr:ortltlr: lr,)r,)lJrl).)lrrl)(),\\l.)r.)rl,\'\ r ,t (\,, rr ,))!.)lrll,|r ,)rll,)lrlt1,(lt)r,) ,)ri()rl, \\ ¡r,rlio¡O,)rrl,)rìr ll,)Àl l)l|())lllr()rlrl,)r(lr,)lrr l \ì' \\ (j liruIt,rlìrol l),) )r()llr.) ul,)rlr ),)r,)rII'llrÌ(l trr|| 1/ lilrrrorr.)rrl(),))rl(l{rl l),)llr )()rilir:lir,\\lr rl)rl^\rllr\\sl,)rl.)(1,)(lll)rt: lr¡,)lrtìrorlj(l f/ )' urroJ \\,)r| (r¡¡r,rrr:1t1,;r,rr,),\\)1;ì:(l )ilr11ìrl)ìr()lj).)ll|1.)rr.).)(l.)\rrll)lir(),lrL¡¡l;.r',ÌrrL, (' ' \'. l) 'rr.lrlr\ilt ,itÌ,)l)r , nllr r() r()r,;ì)\ ,)ri() lrl r)lrr)\\ ,)rlr lrr)(lìt J),)rl,ììl(llrr; r',irl',r1 t "¡ /\ ìl ,)r,)\\ ,)l(lo,)(l '11(l(Lr()ì l).)r,)(1ilil:rl ) l() r.)(luilrr rÌ lì.).),\\1,)(l lirrìIr.)r il.)lll ìjlil)r(lr rl1;rl, /i I ¡,';< l)rr:,)rr()lr; l).)lri()).)l),)rll lirrl¡,),\.)l (r¡ trrr¡t r;r (lrlr(lr1ìrio(l ,)ro r()j '1;,))u,)rìl),)r;L l i"' il.)(ll llrrll )lrrrlr()(luil r;rì.)l.)ili:ilr()rllN.)r(lr.)ilil ìr,)r,)llrl),)1ì.)rll Jo lilrrrl.)l),)rì,1, 1\ llf\l\/ 1)fl\./l{ '1;)r,)urlr()ur,)lllJolir()rìlr )()1i1irr r.r¡rrr.r',ì ,rr¡lrr,r',ìrrt:r¡r rolrrl l1i,)\l()\r I I l( l\/l .r )r.rrl),)ri )lrr,)rll l;il;,,',i',ì,|; t,)rl)(),rrll lr() r,)1;l;r, ,rl ¡r,r',io¡o,rr:r¡ lr(¡t l)rrrl (0()0r,) ) 1 ¡r, ,irir ,\\,r11 r: rllr \\ lìilr t.)l 0¡',irrtrrrO ) l;r,\\ lr:rll lr()rlrltrrlrrrl t;|()r,.r',1 ¡rri lrr J() r() ,)rlJ.)r.)\\,),ì,)rll r,)rll,)ll,\\ l),)r,)l)fìro) lllrl (000'r,).)lllnl,\,\ .)|rr) r;illt tll l).,ì),)(l ,, ,rr1 rr¡',ìrrl rrrr¡r ',ìrlllr \l )()l¡i l)uìÌ ',ilrr¡11¡1 '',ilrlln'l jo ,)rlrlnr rrJ) lrr,;rr1r1 , , l)lr(),\\r;i()(lilr(r; .,1;,;rlll()',irrl)r:,rrJrr.rtrl \/'1;,)lrrl\\l()l,ti0rl,itl.r¡;,,¡rrl)rr() 1\r ' (,rr¡¡ ll¡r:rlrr,r )rì1r,)uro¡r1olr,r',it:rLrrl)rr(t;,\\()lrj¡'rrr::r\\rlrl ll,r',)ll ) )l;t)rr)rrr ¡o r;',ìt'r\\rirl) )l)rl)rr,)1r,)rl,¡, ¡rorr,rtl )nllrlo.)i\\l,)rl) l()'rìrrrrrr',1,,,,,,,11 )ri,)rrl(l 'l()()lrllll.r',lrr:rl),)(ll()l r,,1,rrtr¡',irr,'!r(llriJìr)lr,rl )l()r,)(lulrrr:rìrlrlr())lr"l,,))r '\,), |)rr)1;(lr'(¡.rrrrrlo¡r()tltl)l)ìÌ rl ,)\tl)lrltlitl))1r()rt1;t 1;,)u())1r ,)1i,)rl)ro (r,r"ì[rrrr.rr¡,¡, 'lr.)lrrlr()1lr l()l)rr\l llr,)1.)llrl)rj()llì,)rollr l),)lì¡()),)l).)rlllo,))¡¡)rl¡rli¡ì l).)rl'ir1 .¡orit (lrlr;.).)rll l).)r r,)Jrìlrìll lrr(l r,),\() rr,)l¡l ,(,rrl) r() lirlllr,)r r.)rll ],irrA()ur.)r l)rrt: ()l ),)r;,)l) , ¡rrrtto i',i,)ll| llr,r¡r iìrrr¡¡,r r,r¡'r;,r rr¡rl ¡r,rr rr:r;',irrllr\,) l),)lr | 1;(lrr()l l) )r,)(lurr:ll I ) jl jir r r/rlr (l rLll ,)tll,rl l,ll',l l,r ir ,r i r,,r r1¡r¡r ()\\r r.),r\\t,r(l lrlljr(), I rr()rl))rllr,ì)r,)rlr1lr¡iirrr,)rr,)rrlr,l; ,rr¡rrr)'ìr)rìrr¡r(),rJ 'lllì(1,)r,)\\1ì)\r,,',i r',ir',;'rr:rl l\l r,rl,\\ l.rr,rrltlt:rl ,)\rll()J li ilr.)(l(llr ,r',ìrrrrr¡,.)(ll l)ilr 1;l)r|()r,r',lrlol rll \\ l),)lrr )()r,l

-/, 40 Aclus population and of settlels More frequently, thc fabric of thc tornbs tircnrselves includes large fragnents of lìour thc c¿ìst. ,Altlìoì-rcl thc adoption of aericulLurc in Ibcria nay also h:rvc clecorated stonc, which rvere probably moved there from another locatiorr. irrvolvcd thc movcrnent of pcoplc, [hc Lwo situaLions are hardly similar to one f-hcsc wcr-c nol distr-ibutcd ¿rt r-anclc¡ur, ¿urd mosl <¡f them arc lbund at thc b¿rck of a¡othcr, ycL thc irrchacolcley ol thcsc al'cas has s<¡rle oft the salrc elernents in thc raisiilg of'dccoratcd Ûrcnhirs in thc open air ¿rnd their evcntual tlìese structrlres ¿urd aronncl [he .junction betwccn the chamber and [hc passage. cotrìmoll: This suggcsts that ¿r nìorc gcncr¿rl ploccss could lic behind Lhe sequencc iu irrcor"poration within thc läbric of'chambercd tombs. Perhaps these specific clcmcnts wcrc nìore closcly relatcd [han has seenrcd apparelÌ[. Il so, then it is ¡cccssiìry to look for an cxplan¿rtion thaL frts thc cvidclnccJì.ont l.¡ollt rcp'iuts. PASSA The implicat¡ons of malangan \Vc cau cornparc this proccss wiLh a sequcncc dcscribccl by Ktichler (19iì7 and tf)f)9) il aÌì ¿rccolurt of rnortuary ritual in Ncw Irclancl. Here we erìcolrrìter ¿r case in r,vhich rncnrory rvas crc¿rLccl tlrrough thc loss o{ malerial culture.

I Malangan . . . desigrrzrtes a ritual pelfMENHIR cllìgics, songs and danccs, conìnìcnìorativc vcssels 1'or thc transposition of lifè iilrce aftcr dcath. Olicn taking months to prodr:cc, malalgan with all its ritual palaphcnralia, is no morc thal a tcmporary abodc to thc soul of thc clead. Upon dcstruction ol its cont¿rincr', tlìc soul bccoures imirgc nld thus a rrrobilc, lloatilg mcnrcry. 'fhc conln¡l oucr this ntunotT is ofpu.rarnom'tl itnþorktnca kt l.lu: rcgttla,tion oJ'olherJònn oJ'ownar:hiþ in larul or fitles. (1999: 64 fmy emphasis])

Onc of thc main ways in which this transition is cffcctcd is through the produc- tion r>l'cflìqics, which conìc to strurd f'or thc dcad and thcir ilportancc in socicty. As Gcll plrts it.

all thc dispersed 'social effcctiveness'

elabor¿'Ltc. It assumcs ¿t mosI distinctive lorm: Figure 2.ll Decorated menhir and passage grave at Vale de Rodrigo, Alentejo, Porcugal. Visually zrnd conccptr-Lally, [it] r:ccall[s] a body wrappcd in images. . . . Incised Source: information fror¡ Bueno Ramirez and de Balbín Behrmann (2000). ttt Lhc point of brcakasc, thc cmcrgin¡1 fictwrxk takcs lhc frrrm of instantly Y

l.) A, l

,¡'11¡1,,rri,;lrl¡lc lrro¡ifl fìrlrlrl rlr lrllllrrl:lrrrr,irr ilrr'¡rlì\:i(;tl;lì(I lrrr iro rìr( rl ol llrl ir;lrrrrrl r rllrrrr,¡lìrìi l)r()(lll( r'rl ilrlrrl (l'r'l,l' 11)()1) lríjl

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