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Alexander the Great and Hephaestion
2019-3337-AJHIS-HIS 1 Alexander the Great and Hephaestion: 2 Censorship and Bisexual Erasure in Post-Macedonian 3 Society 4 5 6 Same-sex relations were common in ancient Greece and having both male and female 7 physical relationships was a cultural norm. However, Alexander the Great is almost 8 always portrayed in modern depictions as heterosexual, and the disappearance of his 9 life-partner Hephaestion is all but complete in ancient literature. Five full primary 10 source biographies of Alexander have survived from antiquity, making it possible to 11 observe the way scholars, popular writers and filmmakers from the Victorian era 12 forward have interpreted this evidence. This research borrows an approach from 13 gender studies, using the phenomenon of bisexual erasure to contribute a new 14 understanding for missing information regarding the relationship between Alexander 15 and his life-partner Hephaestion. In Greek and Macedonian society, pederasty was the 16 norm, and boys and men did not have relations with others of the same age because 17 there was almost always a financial and power difference. Hephaestion was taller and 18 more handsome than Alexander, so it might have appeared that he held the power in 19 their relationship. The hypothesis put forward here suggests that writers have erased 20 the sexual partnership between Alexander and Hephaestion because their relationship 21 did not fit the norm of acceptable pederasty as practiced in Greek and Macedonian 22 culture or was no longer socially acceptable in the Roman contexts of the ancient 23 historians. Ancient biographers may have conducted censorship to conceal any 24 implication of femininity or submissiveness in this relationship. -
The Cosmic Myths of Homer and Hesiod
Oral Tradition, 2/1 (1987): 31-53 The Cosmic Myths of Homer and Hesiod Eric A. Havelock I HOMER’S COSMIC IMAGERY Embedded in the narratives of the Homeric poems are a few passages which open windows on the ways in which the Homeric poet envisioned the cosmos around him. They occur as brief digressions, offering powerful but by no means consistent images, intruding into the narrative and then vanishing from it, but always prompted by some suitable context. A. Iliad 5.748-52 and 768-69 The Greeks in battle being pressed hard by the Trojans, assisted by the god Ares; the goddesses Hera and Athene decide to equalize the encounter by descending from Olympus to help the Greeks. A servant assembles the components of Hera’s chariot: body, wheels, spokes, axle, felloe, tires, naves, platform, rails, pole, yoke are all itemized in sequence, comprising a formulaic account of a mechanical operation: Hera herself attaches the horses to the car. Athene on her side is provided by the poet with a corresponding “arming scene”; she fi nally mounts the chariot and the two of them proceed: 748 Hera swiftly with whip set upon the horses 749 and self-moving the gates of heaven creaked, which the seasons kept 750 to whom is committed great heaven and Olympus 751 either to swing open the thick cloud or to shut it back. 752 Straight through between them they kept the horses goaded-and-driven. 32 ERIC A. HAVELOCK 768 Hera whipped up the horses, and the pair unhesitant fl ew on 769 in midspace between earth and heaven star-studded. -
Beauty on Display Plato and the Concept of the Kalon
BEAUTY ON DISPLAY PLATO AND THE CONCEPT OF THE KALON JONATHAN FINE Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2018 © 2018 Jonathan Fine All rights reserved ABSTRACT BEAUTY ON DISPLAY: PLATO AND THE CONCEPT OF THE KALON JONATHAN FINE A central concept for Plato is the kalon – often translated as the beautiful, fine, admirable, or noble. This dissertation shows that only by prioritizing dimensions of beauty in the concept can we understand the nature, use, and insights of the kalon in Plato. The concept of the kalon organizes aspirations to appear and be admired as beautiful for one’s virtue. We may consider beauty superficial and concern for it vain – but what if it were also indispensable to living well? By analyzing how Plato uses the concept of the kalon to contest cultural practices of shame and honour regulated by ideals of beauty, we come to see not only the tensions within the concept but also how attractions to beauty steer, but can subvert, our attempts to live well. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ii 1 Coordinating the Kalon: A Critical Introduction 1 1 The Kalon and the Dominant Approach 2 2 A Conceptual Problem 10 3 Overview 24 2 Beauty, Shame, and the Appearance of Virtue 29 1 Our Ancient Contemporaries 29 2 The Cultural Imagination 34 3 Spirit and the Social Dimension of the Kalon 55 4 Before the Eyes of Others 82 3 Glory, Grief, and the Problem of Achilles 100 1 A Tragic Worldview 103 2 The Heroic Ideal 110 3 Disgracing Achilles 125 4 Putting Poikilia in its Place 135 1 Some Ambivalences 135 2 The Aesthetics of Poikilia 138 3 The Taste of Democracy 148 4 Lovers of Sights and Sounds 173 5 The Possibility of Wonder 182 5 The Guise of the Beautiful 188 1 A Psychological Distinction 190 2 From Disinterested Admiration to Agency 202 3 The Opacity of Love 212 4 Looking Good? 218 Bibliography 234 i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS “To do philosophy is to explore one’s own temperament,” Iris Murdoch suggested at the outset of “Of ‘God’ and ‘Good’”. -
An Extended Presence, Interstate Style: First Notes on a Theme from Saenz Bernard E
Hofstra Law Review Volume 30 | Issue 4 Article 2 2002 An Extended Presence, Interstate Style: First Notes on a Theme from Saenz Bernard E. Jacob Maurice A. Deane School of Law at Hofstra University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.hofstra.edu/hlr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Jacob, Bernard E. (2002) "An Extended Presence, Interstate Style: First Notes on a Theme from Saenz," Hofstra Law Review: Vol. 30 : Iss. 4 , Article 2. Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.hofstra.edu/hlr/vol30/iss4/2 This document is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons at Hofstra Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hofstra Law Review by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons at Hofstra Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Jacob: An Extended Presence, Interstate Style: First Notes on a Theme fr AN EXTENDED PRESENCE, INTERSTATE STYLE: FIRST NOTES ON A THEME FROM SAENZ Bernard E. Jacob* "[Piroperty will [not] be subjected to double or treble taxation. Each state will tax only the capitalreally employed in it.... CONTENTS I. FOUNDER-STATE TRUSTS .......................................................1134 II. AT THE INCEPTION ..................................................................1143 A. Income Taxation in the United States.............................. 1144 B. Legislative History ..........................................................1151 C. What Founder-State Trusts Mean ...................................1153 1. The Theme of Legality ..............................................1157 2. The Theme of Evading Evasion ................................1161 3. The Theme of the Founder's Forfeit ..........................1165 4. A New York Brew .....................................................1169 D. Residence and Domicile: Double Taxation..................... 1171 I. DuE PROCESS AND THE SITUS OF TAx ...................................1179 A. Situs and Domicile ..........................................................1180 B. -
Aizanitis Bölgesi Mezar Taşlari
T.C PAMUKKALE ÜNİVERİSTESİ ARKEOLOJİ ENSTİTÜSÜ Doktora Tezi Arkeoloji Anabilim Dalı Arkeoloji Doktora Programı AİZANİTİS BÖLGESİ MEZAR TAŞLARI Zerrin ERDİNÇ Danışman Prof. Dr. Elif ÖZER 2020 DENİZLİ DOKTORA TEZİ ONAY FORMU Arkeoloji Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Programı öğrencisi Zerrin ERDİNÇ tarafından Prof. Dr. Elif ÖZER yönetiminde hazırlanan “Aizanitis Bölgesi Mezar Taşları” başlıklı tez aşağıdaki jüri üyeleri tarafından 24.02.2020 tarihinde yapılan tez savunma sınavında başarılı bulunmuş ve Doktora Tezi olarak kabul edilmiştir. Jüri Başkanı-Danışman Prof. Dr. Elif ÖZER Jüri Jüri Prof. Dr. Celal Şimşek Prof. Dr. Hüseyin Sabri ALANYALI Jüri Jüri Prof. Dr. Bilal SÖĞÜT Prof. Dr. Ertekin Doksanaltı Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Yönetim Kurulu’nun …………..tarih ve ………….. sayılı kararıyla onaylanmıştır. Prof. Dr. Celal ŞİMŞEK Enstitü Müdürü Bu tezin tasarımı, hazırlanması, yürütülmesi, araştırmalarının yapılması ve bulgularının analizlerinde bilimsel etiğe ve akademik kurallara özenle riayet edildiğini; bu çalışmanın doğrudan birincil ürünü olmayan bulguların, verilerin ve materyallerin bilimsel etiğe uygun olarak kaynak gösterildiğini ve alıntı yapılan çalışmalara atıfta bulunulduğunu beyan ederim. İmza Zerrin ERDİNÇ ÖNSÖZ Aizanoi Phrygia Bölgesi’nin en önemli kentlerinden birisidir. Hellenistik ve Roma dönemlerinde stratejik konumu ve Zeus Tapınağı ile bölgenin kilit noktası haline gelmiştir. Özellikle Roma Dönemi’nde Aizanoi territoryumuna verilen isim olan Aizanitis Bölgesi çevresindeki kentlerden daha önemli bir konumda yer almış, Meter Steunene kutsal alanı ve Zeus tapınağı ile çevre kentlerin de dini merkezi haline gelmiştir. 2016 yılından bu yana bu güzel kentte arkeolojiye emek veren bu harika ekibe dâhil olduğum için kendimi çok şanslı saymaktayım. Bana bu şansı veren ve inanarak bana bu malzemeyi emanet eden saygıdeğer hocam Prof. Dr. Elif Özer’e sonsuz teşekkürlerimi sunuyorum. -
The Athenian Agora
Excavations of the Athenian Agora Picture Book No. 12 Prepared by Dorothy Burr Thompson Produced by The Stinehour Press, Lunenburg, Vermont American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 1993 ISBN 87661-635-x EXCAVATIONS OF THE ATHENIAN AGORA PICTURE BOOKS I. Pots and Pans of Classical Athens (1959) 2. The Stoa ofAttalos II in Athens (revised 1992) 3. Miniature Sculpturefrom the Athenian Agora (1959) 4. The Athenian Citizen (revised 1987) 5. Ancient Portraitsfrom the Athenian Agora (1963) 6. Amphoras and the Ancient Wine Trade (revised 1979) 7. The Middle Ages in the Athenian Agora (1961) 8. Garden Lore of Ancient Athens (1963) 9. Lampsfrom the Athenian Agora (1964) 10. Inscriptionsfrom the Athenian Agora (1966) I I. Waterworks in the Athenian Agora (1968) 12. An Ancient Shopping Center: The Athenian Agora (revised 1993) I 3. Early Burialsfrom the Agora Cemeteries (I 973) 14. Graffiti in the Athenian Agora (revised 1988) I 5. Greek and Roman Coins in the Athenian Agora (1975) 16. The Athenian Agora: A Short Guide (revised 1986) French, German, and Greek editions 17. Socrates in the Agora (1978) 18. Mediaeval and Modern Coins in the Athenian Agora (1978) 19. Gods and Heroes in the Athenian Agora (1980) 20. Bronzeworkers in the Athenian Agora (1982) 21. Ancient Athenian Building Methods (1984) 22. Birds ofthe Athenian Agora (1985) These booklets are obtainable from the American School of Classical Studies at Athens c/o Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, N.J. 08540, U.S.A They are also available in the Agora Museum, Stoa of Attalos, Athens Cover: Slaves carrying a Spitted Cake from Market. -
The Birth of Abortion: Ancient Views, Modern Interpretations, and Enduring Debates
The Birth of Abortion: Ancient Views, Modern Interpretations, and Enduring Debates By Cody Kornack Classics, History, Politics Colorado College Bachelor of Arts May 2014 Kornack “Our society may allow women far greater control of their own destiny than the ancient world did, but women are still subject to political, social and personal restrictions, norms and rules that make motherhood not always desirable.” ~Konstantinos Kapparis, Abortion in the Ancient World Kornack Acknowledgements Foremost, I would like to thank the professors of the Classics, History, and Politics departments at Colorado College for creating an environment that cultivated my intellect, encouraged my curiosity, and imbued me with the determination to pursue this thesis topic. In particular, I am especially thankful for the guidance and encouragement of Sanjaya Thakur who helped me throughout the research and writing of this thesis. Likewise, I would like to thank Owen Cramer and Marcia Dobson for their enduring support with regards to teaching me Greek, as well as Dan Leon and Carol Neel for their helpful comments and suggestions in my editing process. I am endlessly thankful for the love, guidance, and support of my parents, Julie and Russ, and both of my brothers, Kyle and Jake. Honor Code Upheld Cody Kornack Kornack Table of Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 Ancient Abortions Terminology ........................................................................................................... -
List of State Directors of Farmers' Institutes and Farmers' Institute Lecturers of the United States
Historic, archived document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. m UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LIBRARY )CDMH£sc BOOK NUMBER l Ex6G dlll97 ao.51-84a , 1903-1909 «5" 1* &f~K 610 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS—CIRCULAR NO. 51. A. C. TRUE, Director. LIST OF STATE DIRECTORS OF AND FARMERS' INSTITUTE LECTURERS OP THE UNITED STATES. BY JOHN HAMILTON, Farmers' Institute Specialist. WASHINGTON: G-OYEKXMEXT FEINTING OFFICE, 19 03. * LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington, D. C, August 7, 1903. Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith and to recommend for publication as a circular of this Office a list of names, with addresses, of State directors of farmers' institutes and farmers' institute lecturers of the United States, prepared by John Hamilton, farmers' institute specialist of this Office. This list has been prepared from data received in response to a circular sent to directors of farmers' institutes in the several States and Territories asking for the names of those who have been engaged in farmers' institute work under their direction. It does not include local lecturers employed by local authority. Respectfully, A. C. True, Director. Hon. James Wilson, Secretary of Agriculture. 2 LIST OF STATE DIRECTORS OF FARMERS' INSTITUTES LOT) FARMERS' INSTITUTE LECTURERS, [Corrected to August 1. !!mi:;. ] STATK DIRECTORS OF FARMERS' INSTITUTES. Alabama. — I>r. ('. A. Can, Agricultural Experiment Station, Auhurn; Prof. <i. \\ . Carver, \'\\-k< gee Normal ami Industrial Institute. Tuskegee. ( ALASKA. Prof. C. '. l irorgeson, Sitka. -
The Higher Aspects of Greek Religion. Lectures Delivered at Oxford and In
BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME FROM THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIET OF Henirg m. Sage 1891 .A^^^ffM3. islm^lix.. 5931 CornelJ University Library BL 25.H621911 The higher aspects of Greek religion.Lec 3 1924 007 845 450 The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924007845450 THE HIBBERT LECTURES SECOND SERIES 1911 THE HIBBERT LECTURES SECOND SERIES THE HIGHER ASPECTS OF GREEK RELIGION LECTURES DELIVERED AT OXFORD AND IN LONDON IN APRIL AND MAY igii BY L. R. FARNELL, D.Litt. WILDE LECTURER IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD LONDON WILLIAMS AND NORGATE GARDEN, W.C. 14 HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT 1912 CONTENTS Lecture I GENERAL FEATURES AND ORIGINS OF GREEK RELIGION Greek religion mainly a social-political system, 1. In its earliest " period a " theistic creed, that is^ a worship of personal individual deities, ethical personalities rather than mere nature forces, 2. Anthrqgomorphism its predominant bias, 2-3. Yet preserving many primitive features of " animism " or " animatism," 3-5. Its progress gradual without violent break with its distant past, 5-6. The ele- ment of magic fused with the religion but not predominant, 6-7. Hellenism and Hellenic religion a blend of two ethnic strains, one North-Aryan, the other Mediterranean, mainly Minoan-Mycenaean, 7-9. Criteria by which we can distinguish the various influences of these two, 9-1 6. The value of Homeric evidence, 18-20. Sum- mary of results, 21-24. Lecture II THE RELIGIOUS BOND AND MORALITY OF THE FAMILY The earliest type of family in Hellenic society patrilinear, 25-27. -
Greece • Crete • Turkey May 28 - June 22, 2021
GREECE • CRETE • TURKEY MAY 28 - JUNE 22, 2021 Tour Hosts: Dr. Scott Moore Dr. Jason Whitlark organized by GREECE - CRETE - TURKEY / May 28 - June 22, 2021 May 31 Mon ATHENS - CORINTH CANAL - CORINTH – ACROCORINTH - NAFPLION At 8:30a.m. depart from Athens and drive along the coastal highway of Saronic Gulf. Arrive at the Corinth Canal for a brief stop and then continue on to the Acropolis of Corinth. Acro-corinth is the citadel of Corinth. It is situated to the southwest of the ancient city and rises to an elevation of 1883 ft. [574 m.]. Today it is surrounded by walls that are about 1.85 mi. [3 km.] long. The foundations of the fortifications are ancient—going back to the Hellenistic Period. The current walls were built and rebuilt by the Byzantines, Franks, Venetians, and Ottoman Turks. Climb up and visit the fortress. Then proceed to the Ancient city of Corinth. It was to this megalopolis where the apostle Paul came and worked, established a thriving church, subsequently sending two of his epistles now part of the New Testament. Here, we see all of the sites associated with his ministry: the Agora, the Temple of Apollo, the Roman Odeon, the Bema and Gallio’s Seat. The small local archaeological museum here is an absolute must! In Romans 16:23 Paul mentions his friend Erastus and • • we will see an inscription to him at the site. In the afternoon we will drive to GREECE CRETE TURKEY Nafplion for check-in at hotel followed by dinner and overnight. (B,D) MAY 28 - JUNE 22, 2021 June 1 Tue EPIDAURAUS - MYCENAE - NAFPLION Morning visit to Mycenae where we see the remains of the prehistoric citadel Parthenon, fortified with the Cyclopean Walls, the Lionesses’ Gate, the remains of the Athens Mycenaean Palace and the Tomb of King Agamemnon in which we will actually enter. -
From Boston to Rome: Reflections on Returning Antiquities David Gill* and Christopher Chippindale**
International Journal of Cultural Property (2006) 13:311–331. Printed in the USA. Copyright © 2006 International Cultural Property Society DOI: 10.1017/S0940739106060206 From Boston to Rome: Reflections on Returning Antiquities David Gill* and Christopher Chippindale** Abstract: The return of 13 classical antiquities from Boston’s Museum of Fine Arts (MFA) to Italy provides a glimpse into a major museum’s acquisition patterns from 1971 to 1999. Evidence emerging during the trial of Marion True and Robert E. Hecht Jr. in Rome is allowing the Italian authorities to identify antiquities that have been removed from their archaeological contexts by illicit digging. Key dealers and galleries are identified, and with them other objects that have followed the same route. The fabrication of old collections to hide the recent surfacing of antiquities is also explored. In October 2006 the MFA agreed to return to Italy a series of 13 antiquities (Ap- pendix). These included Attic, Apulian, and Lucanian pottery as well as a Roman portrait of Sabina and a Roman relief fragment.1 This return is forming a pattern as other museums in North America are invited to deaccession antiquities that are claimed to have been illegally removed from Italy. The evidence that the pieces were acquired in a less than transparent way is beginning to emerge. For example, a Polaroid photograph of the portrait of Sabina (Appendix no. 1) was seized in the raid on the warehousing facility of Giacomo Medici in the Geneva Freeport.2 Polaroids of two Apulian pots, an amphora (no. 9) and a loutrophoros (no. 11), were also seized.3 As other photographic and documentary evidence emerges dur- ing the ongoing legal case against Marion True and Robert E. -
Greek Pottery Gallery Activity
SMART KIDS Greek Pottery The ancient Greeks were Greek pottery comes in many excellent pot-makers. Clay different shapes and sizes. was easy to find, and when This is because the vessels it was fired in a kiln, or hot were used for different oven, it became very strong. purposes; some were used for They decorated pottery with transportation and storage, scenes from stories as well some were for mixing, eating, as everyday life. Historians or drinking. Below are some have been able to learn a of the most common shapes. great deal about what life See if you can find examples was like in ancient Greece by of each of them in the gallery. studying the scenes painted on these vessels. Greek, Attic, in the manner of the Berlin Painter. Panathenaic amphora, ca. 500–490 B.C. Ceramic. Bequest of Mrs. Allan Marquand (y1950-10). Photo: Bruce M. White Amphora Hydria The name of this three-handled The amphora was a large, two- vase comes from the Greek word handled, oval-shaped vase with for water. Hydriai were used for a narrow neck. It was used for drawing water and also as urns storage and transport. to hold the ashes of the dead. Krater Oinochoe The word krater means “mixing The Oinochoe was a small pitcher bowl.” This large, two-handled used for pouring wine from a krater vase with a broad body and wide into a drinking cup. The word mouth was used for mixing wine oinochoe means “wine-pourer.” with water. Kylix Lekythos This narrow-necked vase with The kylix was a drinking cup with one handle usually held olive a broad, relatively shallow body.