DOCSLIB.ORG

Rapid Survey of Mobulid Gill Plate Trade and Retail Patterns in Hong

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Rapid Survey of Mobulid Gill Plate Trade and Retail Patterns in Hong INTRODUCTION measles, and as a tonic for detoxification and WHAT ARE MOBULID RAYS? neutralizing the body's excessive "heat" [13] Manta and Mobula are the two genera that come Like many other medicinal ingredients in under the Family Mobulidae and Subclass Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), gill plates Elasmobranchii. Mobula rays are also have most probably had a long history of use in sometimes collectively known as Devil rays. Chinese communities, and are known to be used Two species (and 1 possible species under by the older generation. taxonomical review) are recognized under the genus Manta, and 9 under the genus Mobula. Feeding this demand are fisheries for manta and mobula rays which have been recorded all over Mobulid rays are widely distributed around the the world. Up to the time of this survey, targeted world's oceans, found in tropical, subtropical fisheries have been reported in almost all areas and temperate regions [1 ‒ 11]. They are within known Manta and Mobula natural planktivores, meaning that they feed primarily distributional ranges, including: on planktons. Mobulids feed through a process called filter feeding, where water is forced in North America: Mexico [18 - 22] through the mouth and ejected past branchial South America: Ecuador and Peru [23] filters or gill plates, trapping the food for Mediterranean Sea [24] ingestion. Interestingly, this mechanism is Africa: Senegal, Ghana, Tanzania and different from that of other filter-feeding Mozambique [23, 25 - 27] animals, such as the baleen whale [12]. Asia: India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand and the Philippines [23, 28 - 37] These gill plates are what has made Mobulid rays highly (commercially) valuable to humans, Continuously high fishing pressures have put and pushed populations of many manta and Manta and Mobula species under immense threat mobula ray species to imminent extinction. of extinction. The fragility of the species is highlighted by their relatively long lifespan, late maturity and low fecundity. They live as small, fragmented populations, and have predictable mass migrations and feeding aggregations, MANTA AND MOBULA making populations highly susceptible to targeted I N T H E fisheries. Hong Kong, Guangzhou, Singapore, Taiwan and Macau are identified as the five major importers Gill Plate of gill plates in Asia [31, 38, 39]. Other regions with established Chinese communities were also found to have trades in gill plates, albeit in smaller T r a d e quantities [38]. There are currently no known manta or mobula Two Mobulid species, Manta birostris and ray farm fisheries, meaning that the entire global Mobula japanica, have recognized medical supply of manta and mobula ray gill plates and properties, documented in the 中國藥用動物誌 related products must be provided by wild catches Zhongguo Yao Yong Dong Wu Zhi ("Chinese [23]. Whereas Mobulid rays had primarily been Medical Animals") [13]. Gill plates of the species harvested as bycatch in the past, today at least 30 are said to be medicinal in healing abscesses and Mobulid ray fisheries in 25 countries/regions are recorded [40]. Fisheries deploy a mix of fishing Page | 1 INTRODUCTION methods, including driftnets, purse-seines, gill defined and never been thoroughly studied. Both nets [37], traps, trawls and long-lines [23], Hong Kong's and Guangzhou's markets are hence heaving almost entire aggregations from the ocean highly worthy of examination, for it is likely that at a time. data obtained from these markets, such as species composition, sizes, categories and prices etc., can To date, all species of manta ray are listed in be representative of the global trade, and can lend Appendix II of the Convention on International insight into the extent of the two markets' Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and influence on the global trade. Flora (CITES), meaning that their international trades are regulated. None of the Mobula species The present study aims to understand the basics of are currently receiving the same protection by the Mobulidae gill plate trade in selected markets CITES regulations1. of two of the trade centres of gill plates: Sheung Wan of Hong Kong, and Yide Lu and Qingping of CONSERVATION CHALLENGES Guangzhou. The objectives are to: AND HOW TO ADDRESS THEM 1. Assess the availability, size, price and potential origins of gill plates found One of the greatest challenges to the efficient 2. Listing the gill plates' name categories conservation of manta and mobula rays is the paucity of information and specified research. Such a study will hopefully lend insight into the way that gill plates are being sold at the consumer Of the 11 recognized Mobulidae species, 3 are level, and uncover information that may inform listed as Endangered, 2 as Vulnerable, and 3 as future research and conservation measures. Near Threatened according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red More importantly, it is hoped that this study may List of Threatened Species. The remaining 3 highlight the urgency for actions to be taken species are listed as "data deficient". Deficiency towards the proper protection of Manta and in data hinders the development of conservation Mobula species, and for the trade to be regulated schemes, especially for strategies that are species and brought to a level of sustainability. specific. Trade and market research is one efficient way of understanding at least the extent of human use of Mobulid rays. Many existing studies have been conducted in the landing regions of gill plates [38, 41], however only a few have targeted research on All of the the retail level, at the destination markets. largest ray species are Hong Kong and Guangzhou are both extremely important in the global gill plate trade. Guangzhou found under in particular has been named the trade centre of the Family gill plates, taking on the roles of supplier, retailer Mobulidae. and consumer [38, 41]. Hong Kong is a known [36, 43] trade hub for a myriad of dried seafood including shark fin, abalone and bêche-de-mer [42]. For Mobulid gill plates, the exact role of Hong Kong in the international trade has not been entirely Manta (Stan Shea / 1 However, some countries may have established their own BLOOM) local regulations to protect specific species. Page | 2 METHODOLOGY Dried seafood and/or traditional Chinese Eastern Street medicine (TCM) stores of 3 key market Ko Shing Street districts, namely Sheung Wan, Yide Lu, and Kom U Street Qingping, were surveyed between October 2015 Sutherland Street and January 2016. As this survey period Wilmer Street coincided with the Lunar New Year, when the stores become highly popular and frequented by locals preparing for festivities, the surveys were conducted only during the weekdays to GUANGZHOU: YIDE LU minimize disturbance to the shops' daily operations. Contrary to the dried seafood streets found in Hong Kong, most of the dried seafood stores in Each store in all 3 markets were visited at least Yide Lu are congregated in indoor malls. Yide Lu once throughout the survey for conducting: is a main street in central Guangzhou, and is well- known for retail and wholesale stores of dried 1. Face to face dialogues with shopkeepers, seafood [44]. through which enquiries surrounding the manta/mobula trade were made, and More than 800 stores have been counted in Yide METHODOLOGY 2. Visual observations on the gill plates sold at Lu's 5 dried seafood malls, extending to Haizhu each shop. South Road. Unlike Hong Kong, there has been no compilation of comprehensive seafood store lists. Findings for every gill plate category found in stores were recorded after each visit. Each record contained, for the particular category, the genus, size, price, and origin, where the GUANGZHOU: QINGPING information was made available. Qingping is famed as a Traditional Chinese Medicine retail and wholesale centre in Guangzhou. Similar to the case of Yide Lu, stores SITE DESCRIPTIONS are gathered in shopping malls. More than 1000 Traditional Chinese Medicine shops were HONG KONG: SHEUNG WAN & observed in this survey, spreading across 3 malls SAI YING PUN on Qingping Road and Tiyun East Road. As for Yide Lu, there is presently no comprehensive shop collectively referred to as "Sheung Wan" for list for the Qingping area. short Sheung Wan may be the district most densely HONG KONG VS GUANGZHOU populated with dried seafood stores in Hong Entire streets In specified malls Kong. The area is concentrated around Des Ground-level, Multilevel, Voeux Road West (coined "Dried Seafood streetside stores indoor stores Street" by locals), with multiple streets Selling a diversity of Each store specializes dispersing from its centre. More than 350 stores dried seafood and other in selling only a few were recorded and visited in this survey goods e.g. fungi specific goods covering: Relatively large storefront Smaller, booth-sized stores Bonham Strand Use of storage behind Mostly do not have storefront / not all goods storage space behind Bonham Strand West displayed storefront Centre Street Table 1 - comparison between Hong Kong (Sheung Cleverly Street Wan) and Guangzhou (Yide Lu and Qingping) Connaught Road West markets surveyed. Des Voeux Road Central Des Voeux Road West Page | 3 METHODOLOGY MARKET SURVEYS suspicion of storekeepers or cause further disturbance to their businesses. The investigator assumed the identity of a customer to conduct market surveys. During surveys, the number of shops present in each of the three markets was OFFICIAL TRADE VOLUMES noted, and the number of shops selling manta or AND COMMERCIAL VALUES mobula gill plates was recorded. Display conditions: It is not uncommon to find stores FAO DATA keeping part or all of their stocks of gill plates out of view from the storefront. Conversations with The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United storekeepers revealed whether or not the store was Nations (FAO) publishes trade data voluntarily selling gill plates, and the range of categories reported by countries.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Continuing Threat to Manta and Mobula Rays
    Ţ Ţ Ţ ŢŢ Ţ :78;p8<Ţ Ţ\Ţ\Ţ Ţ \Ţ Ţi \Ţ Ţ Ţ 2 3 CONTENTS AT A GLANCE 4 2013 MARKET ESTIMATE 8 TOXICOLOGY AND USES 12 CONSUMER AWARENESS 14 STATUS AND TOURISM 16 CONSERVATION 20 REFERENCES AND PHOTO CREDITS 22 REPORT WRITERS Samantha Whitcraft, Mary O’Malley John Weller (graphics, design, editing) PROJECT TEAM Mary O’Malley – WildAid Paul Hilton – WildAid, Paul Hilton Photography Samantha Whitcraft – WildAid Daniel Fernando – The Manta Trust Shawn Heinrichs – WildAid, Blue Sphere Media 2013-14 MARKET SURVEYS, GUANGZHOU, CHINA ©2014 WILDAID 4 5 AT A GLANCE SUMMARY Manta and mobula rays, the mobulids, span the tropics of the world and are among the most captivating and charismatic of marine species. However, their the increasing demand for their gill plates, which are used as a pseudo-medicinala health tonic in China. To assess the trade in dried mobulid gill plates (product name ‘Peng Yu Sai’), and its potential impact on populations of these highly vulnerable species, WildAid researchers conducted market surveys throughout Southeast Asia in 2009-10.This research, compiled in our 2011 report The Global Threat to Manta and Mobula Rays(1), plate trade, representing over 99% of the market. In 2013, the same markets in and begin to gauge market trends. Dried gill plate samples were also purchased and tested for heavy metal contamination. Additionally, in 2014 two baseline complete understanding of Peng Yu Sai Our 2013 estimates reveal a market that has increased by 168% in value in only three years, representing a near threefold increase in mobulids taken, despite the listing of manta rays on Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES).
    [Show full text]
  • Manta Or Mobula
    IOTC-2010-WPEB-inf01 Draft identification guide IOTC Working Party on Ecosystems and Bycatch (WPEB) Victoria, Seychelles 27-30 October, 2010 Mobulidae of the Indian Ocean: an identification hints for field sampling Draft, version 2.1, August 2010 by Romanov Evgeny(1)* (1) IRD, UMR 212 EME, Centre de Recherche Halieutique Mediterraneenne et Tropicale Avenue Jean Monnet – BP 171, 34203 Sete Cedex, France ([email protected]) * Present address: Project Leader. Project “PROSpection et habitat des grands PElagiques de la ZEE de La Réunion” (PROSPER), CAP RUN, ARDA, Magasin n°10, Port Ouest, 97420, Le Port, La Réunion, France. ABSTRACT Draft identification guide for species of Mobulidae family, which is commonly observed as by-catch in tuna associated fishery in the region is presented. INTRODUCTION Species of Mobulidae family are a common bycatch occurs in the pelagic tuna fisheries of the Indian Ocean both in the industrial (purse seine and longline) and artisanal (gillnets) sector (Romanov 2002; White et al., 2006; Romanov et al., 2008). Apparently these species also subject of overexploitation: most of Indian Ocean species marked as vulnerable or near threatened at the global level, however local assessment are often not exist (Table). Status of the species of the family Mobulidae in the Indian Ocean (IUCN, 2007) IUCN Status1 Species Common name Global status WIO EIO Manta birostris (Walbaum 1792) Giant manta NT - VU Manta alfredi (Krefft, 1868) Alfred manta - - - Mobula eregoodootenkee Longhorned - - - (Bleeker, 1859) mobula Mobula japanica (Müller & Henle, Spinetail mobula NT - - 1841) Mobula kuhlii (Müller & Henle, Shortfin devil ray NE - - 1841) Mobula tarapacana (Philippi, Chilean devil ray DD - VU 1892) Mobula thurstoni (Lloyd, 1908) Smoothtail NT - - mobula Lack of the data on the distribution, fisheries and biology of mobulids is often originated from the problem with specific identification of these species in the field.
    [Show full text]
  • Malaysia National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Shark (Plan2)
    MALAYSIA NATIONAL PLAN OF ACTION FOR THE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF SHARK (PLAN2) DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND AGRO-BASED INDUSTRY MALAYSIA 2014 First Printing, 2014 Copyright Department of Fisheries Malaysia, 2014 All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the Department of Fisheries Malaysia. Published in Malaysia by Department of Fisheries Malaysia Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry Malaysia, Level 1-6, Wisma Tani Lot 4G2, Precinct 4, 62628 Putrajaya Malaysia Telephone No. : 603 88704000 Fax No. : 603 88891233 E-mail : [email protected] Website : http://dof.gov.my Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data ISBN 978-983-9819-99-1 This publication should be cited as follows: Department of Fisheries Malaysia, 2014. Malaysia National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Shark (Plan 2), Ministry of Agriculture and Agro- based Industry Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia. 50pp SUMMARY Malaysia has been very supportive of the International Plan of Action for Sharks (IPOA-SHARKS) developed by FAO that is to be implemented voluntarily by countries concerned. This led to the development of Malaysia’s own National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Shark or NPOA-Shark (Plan 1) in 2006. The successful development of Malaysia’s second National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Shark (Plan 2) is a manifestation of her renewed commitment to the continuous improvement of shark conservation and management measures in Malaysia.
    [Show full text]
  • Lesser Devil Rays Mobula Cf. Hypostoma from Venezuela Are Almost Twice Their Previously Reported Maximum Size and May Be a New Sub-Species
    Journal of Fish Biology (2017) 90, 1142–1148 doi:10.1111/jfb.13252, available online at wileyonlinelibrary.com Lesser devil rays Mobula cf. hypostoma from Venezuela are almost twice their previously reported maximum size and may be a new sub-species N. R. Ehemann*†‡§, L. V. González-González*† and A. W. Trites‖ *Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Apartado Postal 592, La Paz, Baja California Sur C.P. 23000, Mexico, †Escuela de Ciencias Aplicadas del Mar (ECAM), Boca del Río, Universidad de Oriente, Núcleo Nueva Esparta (UDONE), Boca del Río, Nueva Esparta, C.P. 06304, Venezuela, ‡Proyecto Iniciativa Batoideos (PROVITA), Caracas, Venezuela and ‖Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Received 8 September 2016, Accepted 23 November 2016) Three rays opportunistically obtained near Margarita Island, Venezuela, were identified as lesser devil rays Mobula cf. hypostoma, but their disc widths were between 207 and 230 cm, which is almost dou- ble the reported maximum disc width of 120 cm for this species. These morphometric data suggest that lesser devil rays are either larger than previously recognized or that these specimens belong to an unknown sub-species of Mobula in the Caribbean Sea. Better data are needed to describe the distribu- tion, phenotypic variation and population structure of this poorly known species. © 2017 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles Key words: batoids; by-catch; Caribbean Sea; Chondrichthyes; Myliobatiformes. There is limited biological and fisheries information about the body size at maturity, population size, stock, maximum age and length–mass relationships of Mobula hypos- toma (Bancroft, 1831), better known as the lesser devil ray.
    [Show full text]
  • First Record of Mobula Japonica (Muller Et Hentle), a Little Known Devil Ray from the Gulf of Thailand (Pisces : Mobulidae)
    FIRST RECORD OF MOBULA JAPONICA (MULLER ET HENTLE), A LITTLE KNOWN DEVIL RAY FROM THE GULF OF THAILAND (PISCES : MOBULIDAE) Thosaporn Wongratana* Abstract A specimen of young Mobulajaponica (Muller & Henle), measured 661 rom across wings, is here described together with a note on the sight­ ing of 12 big specimens from Koh Chang, Trat Province, in the Gulf of Thailand. This is the first documentary report of the family Mobulidae for Thailand and of. the species for the South China Sea. Previously, the species were occasionally recorded from Japan, Honolulu, Samoa, Korea and Taiwan waters. Its inferior mouth with a band of teeth in both jaws, the very long whip-liked tail, and a prominent serrated caudal spine pro­ vide the main distinct characteristics and separate it from other related species. The full measurements of this young specimen and of the Naga Expedition's specimen of Mobula diabolus (Shaw), taken from Cambodian water, are also given. Introduction Jn order to update the knowledge of marine fish fauna of Thailand, regular observation of fish landing and occasional procurement of fish specimens are made at the Bangkok Wholesale Fish Market, operated by the Fish Marketing Organization of the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. On 4 December 1973, the author came across a young devil ray or sea devil, known in Thai "Pia rahu" (uom»). The fish measured 661 mm across the width. He has no hesitati~ns to make a further look for other specimens. And this led him to spot other 8 big males and 3 females of about the same size.
    [Show full text]
  • CONCERTED ACTION for the MOBULID RAYS (MOBULIDAE)1 Adopted by the Conference of the Parties at Its 13Th Meeting (Gandhinagar, February 2020)
    CONVENTION ON UNEP/CMS/Concerted Action 12.6 (Rev.COP13) MIGRATORY Original: English SPECIES CONCERTED ACTION FOR THE MOBULID RAYS (MOBULIDAE)1 Adopted by the Conference of the Parties at its 13th Meeting (Gandhinagar, February 2020) The Concerted Action for Mobulid Rays was first adopted at the 12th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties (UNEP/CMS/COP12/Concerted Action 12.6). A report on implementation was submitted to the 13th Meeting of the Parties (COP13) together with a proposal for extension and revision (UNEP/CMS/COP13/Doc.28.1.6), which was approved by the Parties. (i). Proponents: The Manta Trust The Manta Trust is an international organization that takes a multidisciplinary approach to the conservation of Manta spp. and Mobula spp. Mobulid rays and their habitats through conducting robust science and research, raising awareness and educating the general public and community stakeholders. The Manta Trust network extends across the globe, including collaborations and affiliated projects in over 25 countries and mobulid Range States. The Manta Trust is a Cooperating Partner to the CMS Sharks MOU. Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) The Wildlife Conservation Society is an international conservation organization working to save wildlife and wild places worldwide through science, conservation action, education, and inspiring people to value nature. WCS works across the globe in more than 60 countries, and the WCS Marine Conservation Program works in more than 20 countries to protect key marine habitats and wildlife, end overfishing, and protect key species, including sharks and rays. WCS is a founding partner of the Global Sharks and Rays Initiative (GSRI), which is implementing a global ten-year strategy that aims to: save shark and ray species from extinction; transition shark and ray fisheries to sustainability; effectively control international trade in shark and ray parts and products; and reduce consumption of shark and ray products from illegal or unsustainable sources.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution and Functional Morphology of the Cephalic Lobes in Batoids Samantha Lynn Mulvany University of South Florida, [email protected]
    University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 12-11-2013 Evolution and Functional Morphology of the Cephalic Lobes in Batoids Samantha Lynn Mulvany University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the Anatomy Commons, Biology Commons, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Scholar Commons Citation Mulvany, Samantha Lynn, "Evolution and Functional Morphology of the Cephalic Lobes in Batoids" (2013). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5083 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Evolution and Functional Morphology of the Cephalic Lobes in Batoids by Samantha Lynn Mulvany A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Integrative Biology College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Philip J. Motta, Ph.D. Stephen M. Deban, Ph.D. Henry R. Mushinsky, Ph.D. Jason R. Rohr, Ph.D. Date of Approval: December 11, 2013 Keywords: Novel Structure, Modulation, Independent Contrast, Anatomy Copyright © 2014, Samantha Lynn Mulvany DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this to my family and friends. My family has always been very supportive of my academic endeavors, nurturing my love of biology from early childhood to this very day. My grandfather, who passed away on the day that I was accepted into the program, has been with me every step of the way on this bittersweet journey.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation and Population Ecology of Manta Rays in the Maldives
    Conservation and Population Ecology of Manta Rays in the Maldives Guy Mark William Stevens Doctor of Philosophy University of York Environment August 2016 2 Abstract This multi-decade study on an isolated and unfished population of manta rays (Manta alfredi and M. birostris) in the Maldives used individual-based photo-ID records and behavioural observations to investigate the world’s largest known population of M. alfredi and a previously unstudied population of M. birostris. This research advances knowledge of key life history traits, reproductive strategies, population demographics and habitat use of M. alfredi, and elucidates the feeding and mating behaviour of both manta species. M. alfredi reproductive activity was found to vary considerably among years and appeared related to variability in abundance of the manta’s planktonic food, which in turn may be linked to large-scale weather patterns such as the Indian Ocean Dipole and El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Key to helping improve conservation efforts of M. alfredi was my finding that age at maturity for both females and males, estimated at 15 and 11 years respectively, appears up to 7 – 8 years higher respectively than previously reported. As the fecundity of this species, estimated at one pup every 7.3 years, also appeared two to more than three times lower than estimates from studies with more limited data, my work now marks M. alfredi as one of the world’s least fecund vertebrates. With such low fecundity and long maturation, M. alfredi are extremely vulnerable to overfishing and therefore needs complete protection from exploitation across its entire global range.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 19-01 Misc Recommendation by Iccat on Fishes Considered to Be Tuna and Tuna-Like Species Or Oceanic, Pelagic, and Highly
    19-01 MISC RECOMMENDATION BY ICCAT ON FISHES CONSIDERED TO BE TUNA AND TUNA-LIKE SPECIES OR OCEANIC, PELAGIC, AND HIGHLY MIGRATORY ELASMOBRANCHS RECALLING the work of the Working Group on Convention Amendment to clarify the scope of the Convention through the development of proposed amendments to the Convention; FURTHER RECALLING that the proposed amendments developed by the Working Group on Convention Amendment included defining “ICCAT species” to include tuna and tuna-like fishes and elasmobranchs that are oceanic, pelagic, and highly migratory; NOTING the work of the Standing Committee on Research and Statistics (SCRS) to determine which modern taxonomic groupings correspond to the definition of “tuna and tuna-like fishes” in Article IV of the Convention, and which elasmobranch species would be considered “oceanic, pelagic, and highly migratory”; THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE CONSERVATION OF ATLANTIC TUNAS (ICCAT) RECOMMENDS THAT: 1. Upon the entry into force of the amendments to the Convention as developed by the Working Group on Convention Amendment, the term “tuna and tuna-like fishes” shall be understood to include the species of the family Scombridae, with the exception of the genus Scomber, and the sub-order Xiphioidei. 2. Upon the entry into force of the amendments to the Convention as developed by the Working Group on Convention Amendment, the term “elasmobranchs that are oceanic, pelagic, and highly migratory” shall be understood to include the species as follows: Orectolobiformes Rhincodontidae Rhincodon typus (Smith
    [Show full text]
  • Mobulid Rays) Are Slow-Growing, Large-Bodied Animals with Some Species Occurring in Small, Highly Fragmented Populations
    CMS/Sharks/MOS3/Inf.15e Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of Migratory Sharks Devil and Manta Ray Fact Sheet Manta birostris Manta alfredi Mobula mobular Mobula japanica Mobula thurstoni Mobula tarapacana Mobula eregoodootenkee Mobula kuhlii Mobula hypostoma Mobula rochebrunei Mobula munkiana 1 CMS/Sharks/MOS3/Inf.15e . Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Rajiformes Family: Rajiformes Manta alfredi – Reef Manta Ray Mobula mobular – Giant Devil Ray Mobula japanica – Spinetail Devil Ray Devil and Manta Rays Mobula thurstoni – Bentfin Devil Ray Raie manta & Raies Mobula Mobula tarapacana – Sicklefin Devil Ray Mantas & Rayas Mobula Mobula eregoodootenkee – Longhorned Pygmy Devil Ray Species: Mobula hypostoma – Atlantic Pygmy Devil Illustration: © Marc Dando Ray Mobula rochebrunei – Guinean Pygmy Devil Ray Mobula munkiana – Munk’s Pygmy Devil Ray Mobula kuhlii – Shortfin Devil Ray 1. BIOLOGY Devil and manta rays (family Mobulidae, the mobulid rays) are slow-growing, large-bodied animals with some species occurring in small, highly fragmented populations. Mobulid rays are pelagic, filter-feeders, with populations sparsely distributed across tropical and warm temperate oceans. Currently, nine species of devil ray (genus Mobula) and two species of manta ray (genus Manta) are recognized by CMS1. Mobulid rays have among the lowest fecundity of all elasmobranchs (1 young every 2-3 years), and a late age of maturity (up to 8 years), resulting in population growth rates among the lowest for elasmobranchs (Dulvy et al. 2014; Pardo et al 2016). 2. DISTRIBUTION The three largest-bodied species of Mobula (M. japanica, M. tarapacana, and M. thurstoni), and the oceanic manta (M. birostris) have circumglobal tropical and subtropical geographic ranges. The overlapping range distributions of mobulids, difficulty in differentiating between species, and lack of standardized reporting of fisheries data make it difficult to determine each species’ geographical extent.
    [Show full text]
  • Elasmobranchs (Sharks and Rays): a Review of Status, Distribution and Interaction with Fisheries in the Southwest Indian Ocean
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/277329893 Elasmobranchs (sharks and rays): a review of status, distribution and interaction with fisheries in the Southwest Indian Ocean CHAPTER · JANUARY 2015 READS 81 2 AUTHORS, INCLUDING: Jeremy J Kiszka Florida International University 52 PUBLICATIONS 389 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Available from: Jeremy J Kiszka Retrieved on: 16 October 2015 OFFSHORE FISHERIES OF THE SOUTHWEST INDIAN OCEAN: their status and the impact on vulnerable species OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE Special Publication No. 10 Rudy van der Elst and Bernadine Everett (editors) The Investigational Report series of the Oceanographic Research Institute presents the detailed results of marine biological research. Reports have appeared at irregular intervals since 1961. All manuscripts are submitted for peer review. The Special Publication series of the Oceanographic Research Institute reports on expeditions, surveys and workshops, or provides bibliographic and technical information. The series appears at irregular intervals. The Bulletin series of the South African Association for Marine Biological Research is of general interest and reviews the research and curatorial activities of the Oceanographic Research Institute, uShaka Sea World and the Sea World Education Centre. It is published annually. These series are available in exchange for relevant publications of other scientific institutions anywhere in the world. All correspondence in this regard should be directed to: The Librarian Oceanographic Research Institute PO Box 10712 Marine Parade 4056 Durban, South Africa OFFSHORE FISHERIES OF THE SOUTHWEST INDIAN OCEAN: their status and the impact on vulnerable species Rudy van der Elst and Bernadine Everett (editors) South African Association for Marine Biological Research Oceanographic Research Institute Special Publication No.
    [Show full text]
  • Ins Stitut to Pol Litécn Nico N Nacion
    INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL CENTRO INTERDISCIPLINARIO DE CIENCIAS MARINAS ESTUDIO COMPARATIVO DE LA REPRODUCCIÓN DE TRES ESPECIES DEL GÉNERO MOBULA (CHONDRICHTHYES: MOBULIDAE) EN EL SUROESTE DEL GOLFO DE CALIFORNIA, MÉXICO TESIS QUE PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE MAESTRÍA EN CIENCIAS EN MANEJO DE RECURSOS MARINOS PRESENTA JAVIER NOE SERRANO LÓPEZ LA PAZ, B. C. S., MÉXICO a 10 de Diciembre de 2009 GLOSARIO Ciclo gonádico: Evento periódico que tiene lugar en las gónadas y conduce a la producción de gametos. Ciclo Ovárico: Estadios de desarrollo en serie por los que atraviesa la gónada femenina y abarca desde una etapa de recuperación o reposo hasta el siguiente desove. Ciclo reproductivo: Evento periódico en el que las gónadas producen gametos y los organismos se reproducen. Cigoto: Célula diploide que resulta de la fusión de los gametos masculino y femenino (Curtis et.al., 2001). Chondrichthyes: Clase de peces cartilaginosos que abarcan tiburones, rayas y quimeras (Nelson, 2004). Cromosoma: Orgánulo en el núcleo celular considerado como la estructura que contienen a los genes (Curtis et.al., 2001). Diamétrico.- Tipo de zonación en elasmobranquios donde la espermatogenesis sigue un gradiente de desarrollo que corre a lo largo del diámetro testicular (Pratt, 1998). Elasmobranquios: Peces cartilaginosos ubicados en la clase Chondrichthyes subclase Elasmobranchii que abarca tiburones, rayas, mantarrayas y otros peces cartilaginosos (Nelson, 2004). Espermatogónia: Células diploides no especializadas ubicadas en las paredes de los testículos que por división meiótica darán origen a espermatocitos (Curtis et.al., 2001). Espermatocito: Es la célula germinal masculina que se encuentra en proceso de maduración (Lender et al., 1982). Espermatogenesis. Proliferación de células germinales masculinas a partir de la división mitótica de las espermatogónias (Curtis et.al., 2001).
    [Show full text]